CN113547074B - Casting process for reverse deformation of slender casting - Google Patents
Casting process for reverse deformation of slender casting Download PDFInfo
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- CN113547074B CN113547074B CN202110800863.7A CN202110800863A CN113547074B CN 113547074 B CN113547074 B CN 113547074B CN 202110800863 A CN202110800863 A CN 202110800863A CN 113547074 B CN113547074 B CN 113547074B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/02—Sand moulds or like moulds for shaped castings
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C1/00—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds
- B22C1/16—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by the use of binding agents; Mixtures of binding agents
- B22C1/20—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by the use of binding agents; Mixtures of binding agents of organic agents
- B22C1/22—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by the use of binding agents; Mixtures of binding agents of organic agents of resins or rosins
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C21/00—Flasks; Accessories therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/08—Features with respect to supply of molten metal, e.g. ingates, circular gates, skim gates
- B22C9/082—Sprues, pouring cups
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/10—Cores; Manufacture or installation of cores
- B22C9/108—Installation of cores
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/22—Moulds for peculiarly-shaped castings
Abstract
The invention discloses a casting process for the reversible deformation of a slender casting, and belongs to the technical field of workpiece casting. The method aims to solve the problems that the sand box used for preparing the casting with the long and thin structure is heavy, the cost is high, the potential safety hazard is large, the anti-deformation amount does not meet the process requirement, the quality does not meet the standard, and the like. The technical scheme is that a casting process for the reverse deformation amount of a slender casting is provided, and the casting process comprises the following steps: (1) making a model; (2) manufacturing a sand box; (3) moulding in a drag flask; (4) curing and turning over the box; (5) molding the sand box; (6) curing and mold taking; (7) swinging the casting mould; (8) plugging and supplementing the lower sand box; and (9) carrying out core setting and mould assembling.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of workpiece casting, and relates to a casting process for the reverse deformation of a slender casting.
Background
The casting is a forming method for smelting metal, manufacturing a casting mold, pouring the molten metal into the casting mold, and obtaining a metal part blank with certain shape, size and performance after solidification; the casting method can also be said to be a technological process of melting metal to meet certain requirements, pouring the liquid into a casting mold, cooling, solidifying and cleaning to obtain a casting with a preset shape, size and performance. The long and thin structure casting is a casting with large length, length and width ratio, and generally has large variation of section wall thickness and high requirement on dimensional accuracy. Due to factors such as wall thickness difference, sequence difference of contact cooling media, non-uniformity of temperature field and the like, cooling rates of upper and lower surfaces and different parts of wall thickness of a casting are different when the casting is solidified and cooled in a casting mould, so that great internal stress (mainly thermal stress) is generated, tensile stress appears at a slow cooling part, compressive stress appears at a fast cooling part, corresponding strain is caused and gradually accumulated along with time and size extension, and finally, the elongated casting is deformed by great warping (the sum of stress is compressive stress) or sinking (the sum of stress is tensile stress) in the longitudinal direction or/and the transverse direction. The casting process of the elongated structure casting is divided into a plurality of sections, the deformation of each section of the model is cushioned on a modeling platform during modeling, and then a sand box is placed and resin sand is placed for modeling.
In the process of implementing the invention, the inventor finds that at least the following problems exist in the prior art:
1. when a casting is longer, the needed sand box is longer, the wall thickness and the reinforcing ribs of the sand box are required to be increased to ensure the rigidity during casting, so that the total weight of the sand box is increased, a hoisting steel wire rope and a lifting hook are required to be increased, the weight of the sand box used for molding is large, the requirement on a lifting appliance is high, the lifting capacity of a travelling crane can be exceeded, and potential safety hazards exist;
2. the sand box has heavy weight, so that the cost of the sand box is greatly increased, and the sand box is not beneficial to production and manufacturing;
3. the heavier the sand box is, the higher the cost of the lifting appliance is, which is not beneficial to production and manufacturing;
4. because the sand box is heavier, the potential safety hazard is great when the sand box is turned, a special box turning mechanism is needed to turn the sand box, but in actual production, the special box turning mechanism for the large sand box has higher cost and is not beneficial to production and manufacturing;
5. when the mould is shaped, the mould is easy to shift, so that the reverse deformation amount does not meet the process requirement, the reverse deformation amount of the slender iron piece sometimes exceeds 20mm, and when the reverse deformation amount is large, a large gap can be formed between the moulds of the cushion, even if wood or a chip is adopted for back tightening, one or two sections of the multi-section mould can be shifted sometimes in the actual shaping, so that the reverse deformation amount does not meet the process requirement, and the product quality is influenced;
6. the sand box is heavy, and after the lower box is molded, the model may partially fall off and cannot be restored when the box is turned, so that the local size of the upper box is different, and the product quality cannot be guaranteed.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a casting process for the reverse deformation amount of a long and thin casting, which solves the problems of high cost, large potential safety hazard, non-compliance of the reverse deformation amount with the process requirement, non-compliance of the quality and the like caused by the heavy weight of a sand box used for preparing the long and thin casting.
The inventor continuously reforms and innovates through long-term exploration and attempt, and multiple experiments and endeavors, and in order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is to provide a casting process for the reverse deformation of a slender casting, which comprises the following steps: (1) modeling: manufacturing a model of a slender casting, and dividing the manufactured model into at least two parts in the length direction;
(2) Manufacturing a sand box: dividing the cope flask into two parts in the length direction, and dividing the drag flask into two parts in the length direction;
(3) Molding a drag flask: placing the manufactured models on a modeling platform in sequence, placing a bottom flask corresponding to each model upside down above the models, sealing the joint of each bottom flask by using a sealing plate, arranging an ingate in at least one bottom flask, and filling the bottom flasks with molding sand for modeling;
(4) Curing and turning over the box: standing each drag flask for 1-3 h, solidifying and molding the molding sand in the drag flasks, and turning over the drag flasks respectively;
(5) Molding in a sand box: covering each cope flask on the corresponding drag flask, arranging a pouring system and a riser in at least one cope flask, and filling each cope flask with molding sand for molding;
(6) Curing and mold taking: standing each cope flask for 1-3 h, and taking out the mold after the molding sand inside the cope flask is solidified and molded;
(7) Placing a casting mold: the two drag flasks are hoisted to a casting site and then are preliminarily spliced together, the position between the two drag flasks is adjusted through the preset anti-deformation amount, and then the two drag flasks are fixedly connected;
(8) Plugging and supplementing a drag flask: sealing gaps at two sides of the two drag flasks by using sealing plates, and filling molding sand into the gaps to fill the gaps to form a conformal shape;
(9) Lower core mould assembling: and filling a mold core in the lower sand box, covering the two lower sand boxes on the corresponding upper sand boxes respectively, sealing gaps on two sides of the two upper sand boxes by using sealing plates, and filling molding sand in the gaps to complement the conformal effect.
According to a specific embodiment of the casting process of the reverse deformation amount of the elongated casting, the length difference of two adjacent sections of models in the step 1 is less than 2m.
According to a preferred embodiment of the casting process for the reverse deformation of the elongated casting according to the present invention, in the step 2, the two cope flasks and the two drag flasks are mirror images.
According to a further embodiment of the casting process of the invention, the step 3 is that a chill is also provided in the drag flask.
According to a further embodiment of the casting process of the invention for the reverse deformation of the elongated casting, in step 5, an air exhaust device is further provided in the cope flask.
In accordance with a further embodiment of the casting process of the present invention, the length of each cope flask matches the length of the drag flask it mates with.
According to a further embodiment of the casting process of the present invention, the amount of reverse deformation of the elongated casting is a resin sand.
In accordance with a further embodiment of the casting process of the present invention for the counter-deformation of an elongated casting, the ingates in the drag flask are in communication with the gating system in the cope flask.
According to a further embodiment of the casting process of the reverse deformation of the elongated casting according to the present invention, the gating system comprises a sprue, a runner and an ingate, the sprue being connected with the runner, and the runner being connected with the ingate.
Compared with the prior art, one of the technical solutions has the following advantages:
a) The invention adopts a casting process of the reverse deformation amount of a slender casting, a model is at least divided into two parts in the length direction, an upper sand box is divided into two parts in the length direction, a lower sand box is divided into two parts in the length direction, after a casting mold is made, the sand boxes are well adjusted according to the requirements of the reverse deformation amount and then are connected and fixed, and then casting is carried out, so that the thickness of the sand boxes and the size and thickness of used reinforcing ribs can be reduced, the integral weight of the sand boxes is reduced, and the cost for manufacturing the sand boxes is reduced; the sand box is convenient for workers to carry, the sand box can be carried by adopting a low-cost general small lifting appliance, and the sand box is not required to be carried by adopting a high-cost special large lifting appliance, so that the cost of the lifting appliance is reduced; because the sand box is light in weight, the sand box can be turned manually, the cost is low, the potential safety hazard in the process of turning the sand box is reduced, and the model is not easy to fall off from the sand box; the reverse deformation amount is easy to adjust, and the adjustment is carried out at any time when the sand box is assembled.
b) The invention adopts the arrangement that the length difference between two adjacent sections of the model is less than 2m, thereby being convenient for workers to manufacture sand boxes with corresponding lengths and ensuring the product quality.
c) The invention adopts the arrangement that the two cope flasks are in mirror symmetry and the two drag flasks are in mirror symmetry, so that the sand box has industrial aesthetic feeling on the structure and is convenient for workers to manufacture the sand box.
d) The arrangement of the chill arranged in the lower sand box can accelerate the cooling speed of the casting and improve the production efficiency of the casting; the size of a dead head is reduced, and the process yield is improved; the feeding channel can be improved, the internal quality grade of the casting can be improved, and a high-quality casting is provided; the local thermal stress is eliminated, and the cracks are prevented.
e) The method of arranging the exhaust device in the cope flask can quickly exhaust hot air in the sand flask during pouring, and prevent the gas in the molding sand from exhausting smoothly and breaking a fire-resistant layer on the inner surface of the molding sand and entering a cavity, so that a casting has air holes or shrinkage cavities, and the quality of the casting is seriously influenced.
f) The length of each cope flask is matched with the length of the matched drag flask, so that the whole structure of the sand flask used in the invention is regular and the manufacture is convenient.
g) The molding sand adopted by the invention is resin sand, and the resin sand has low cost and good molding effect.
h) According to the invention, the arrangement that the ingate in the lower sand box is communicated with the pouring system in the upper sand box is adopted, the whole interior of the sand box can be filled by pouring in the upper sand box, and the pouring process is convenient and rapid.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of a preferred embodiment of the flask used in the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a reference view from another perspective of fig. 1.
The labels in the figure are respectively: 110 first opening, 120 second opening, 130 first side plate, 131 first mounting groove, 132 first lifting device, 140 second side plate, 150 third side plate, 151 second mounting groove, 160 first vertical plate, 170 first horizontal plate, 180 third vertical plate, 181 first fixing hole, 190 third horizontal plate, 191 first fixing groove, 210 fifth opening, 220 sixth opening, 310 third opening, 320 fourth opening, 330 fourth side plate, 331 third mounting groove, 332 second lifting device, 340 fifth side plate, 350 sixth side plate, 351 fourth mounting groove, 360 second vertical plate, 361 extending part, 370 second horizontal plate, 380 fourth vertical plate, 381 second fixing hole, 390 fourth horizontal plate, 391 second fixing groove, 410 seventh opening, 420 eighth opening.
Detailed Description
The following description is made with reference to the accompanying drawings and a specific embodiment.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it may not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.
Example 1:
described in this embodiment is a casting process for the reverse deformation of an elongated casting, comprising the steps of:
(1) Making a model: the method comprises the steps of manufacturing a model of a long and thin casting, dividing the manufactured model into at least two parts in the length direction, enabling the length difference of two adjacent model sections to be smaller than 2m, enabling the length of a sand box matched with the model to be matched with the length of the model, facilitating the manufacturing of the sand box used in the production process by workers, and avoiding overlarge adjustment amount and inconvenient adjustment when adjusting the reverse deformation amount to cause poor quality of finished products. In this embodiment, the model may be any one of a metal mold, a wood mold, or a lost foam, and the model is divided into two sections in the length direction after being manufactured, it should be noted that the material used for the model does not belong to the improvement point of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, a suitable material can be selected to manufacture the model according to actual requirements;
(2) Manufacturing a sand box: the cope flask is divided into two parts in the length direction, the drag flask is divided into two parts in the length direction, the structure of the cope flask of the invention is shown in fig. 1 to 2, the cope flask comprises a first cope flask, a second cope flask, a first drag flask and a second drag flask, the top of the first cope flask is in a grid structure, the bottom of the first cope flask is provided with a first opening 110, one end of the first cope flask is provided with a second opening 120, the bottom of the first drag flask is in a grid structure, the top of the first drag flask is provided with a third opening 310, one end of the first drag flask is provided with a fourth opening 320, the top of the second cope flask is in a grid structure, the bottom of the second cope flask is provided with a fifth opening 210, one end of the second cope flask is provided with a sixth opening 220, the bottom of the second drag flask is in a grid structure, the top of the second drag flask is provided with a seventh opening 410, one end of the second drag flask is provided with an eighth opening 420, the fourth opening 320 of the first drag flask is detachably connected with the eighth opening 420 of the second drag flask, the seventh opening is detachably connected with the upper cover of the second cope flask 120, and the seventh opening of the second drag flask is detachably connected with the upper cover of the second drag flask 110. The sand box of the invention divides the cope box into a first cope box and a second cope box, and divides the drag box into a first drag box and a second drag box, which can reduce the wall thickness of the first cope box, the second cope box, the first drag box and the second drag box, thereby reducing the weight of each sand box and reducing the cost for manufacturing the sand box; and when carrying the sand box, adopt little general hoist just can, can reduce the cost, need not adopt big special lifting device, big special lifting device use frequency is low, and is with high costs, because sand box weight is little, the potential safety hazard is low when turning over the case operation, through artifical turn over the case can, need not adopt special mechanism of turning over of big sand box, big sand box special mechanism of turning over the case cost is higher, is unsuitable for general casting enterprise.
Specifically, the first drag flask includes a fourth side plate 330, a fifth side plate 340 and a sixth side plate 350, one end of the fourth side plate 330 is connected to one end of the fifth side plate 340, the other end of the fifth side plate 340 is connected to one end of the sixth side plate 350, a plurality of second vertical plates 360 are disposed between a bottom of the fourth side plate 330 and a bottom of the sixth side plate 350, a plurality of third mounting grooves 331 are disposed at a bottom of the fourth side plate 330, a plurality of fourth mounting grooves 331 are disposed at a bottom of the sixth side plate 350, a plurality of fourth mounting grooves 351 corresponding to the plurality of third mounting grooves 331 are disposed at a bottom of the sixth side plate 350, one end of each second vertical plate 360 is mounted in one third mounting groove 331, the other end of each second vertical plate 360 is mounted in the fourth mounting groove 331 corresponding to the third mounting groove 331, a plurality of second horizontal plates 351 are disposed toward the fourth opening 320, and the plurality of second horizontal plates 370 respectively penetrate the plurality of second vertical plates 360 to form a grid-like structure, and the second drag flask 351 is a mirror image of the first drag flask. In this embodiment, the fourth side plate 330, the fifth side plate 340 and the sixth side plate 350 are steel plates, a first drag flask is formed by welding, the plurality of second vertical plates 360 are installed in the third installation grooves 331 and the corresponding fourth installation grooves 351, so that the stability of the overall structure of the first drag flask can be improved, and deformation of the first drag flask can be avoided during use, the plurality of second horizontal plates 370 and the plurality of second vertical plates 360 are matched to form a grid structure, so that the stability of the overall structure of the first drag flask can be further improved, and the molding sand is connected with the grid structure after solidification, so that the connection relationship between the molding sand and the drag flask can be improved, the molding sand is prevented from being separated from the drag flask to influence production and manufacture or reduce casting quality, the second drag flask is mirror-symmetric with the first drag flask, so that production and manufacture are convenient, casting process flow is simplified, and the invention has certain industrial aesthetic feeling.
Specifically, the first side plate 130, the second side plate 140 and the third side plate 150 are all provided with a plurality of third vertical plates 180 and a plurality of third horizontal plates 190, and the third vertical plates 180 close to the joint of the first cope flask and the second cope flask are provided with a plurality of first fixing holes 181. In this embodiment, the third vertical plate 180 and the third horizontal plate 190 can further improve the stability of the first sand ringing overall structure, and the second cope flask and the first cope flask are mirror-symmetrical, so that the second worker can use the bolt to pass through the first fixing hole 181 and the fixing hole on the second cope flask and then fit the nut to fixedly connect the first cope flask and the second cope flask when connecting the first cope flask and the second cope flask.
Specifically, a plurality of fourth vertical plates 380 and a plurality of fourth horizontal plates 390 are arranged on the fourth side plate 330, the fifth side plate 340 and the sixth side plate 350, and a plurality of second fixing holes 381 are arranged on the fourth vertical plate 380 close to the joint of the first drag flask and the second drag flask. In this embodiment, the fourth vertical plate 380 and the fourth horizontal plate 390 can further improve the stability of the whole structure of the first drag flask, and since the second drag flask is mirror-symmetrical to the first drag flask, when the worker connects the first drag flask and the second drag flask, the worker can fix the first drag flask and the second drag flask by using the bolts to pass through the second fixing holes 381 and the fixing holes on the second drag flask and then fitting the nuts.
Specifically, a plurality of first fixing grooves 191 are formed in the third horizontal plate 190 close to the joint of the first cope flask and the first drag flask, and a plurality of second fixing grooves 391 matched with the first fixing grooves 191 are formed in the fourth horizontal plate 390 close to the joint of the first cope flask and the first drag flask. In this embodiment, after the cope flask is covered on the drag flask, each first fixing groove 191 corresponds to one second fixing groove 391, and the first fixing groove 191 and the second fixing groove 391 are U-shaped grooves, so that a worker can conveniently push bolts into the first fixing groove 191 and the second fixing groove 391 to fix the cope flask and the drag flask firmly through nuts.
Specifically, the extension portions 361 are disposed on the 3 second vertical plates 360 close to the fourth opening 320. In this embodiment, the extension 361 is provided on the second vertical plate 360 at the interface, so that the height of the second vertical plate 360 near the interface is higher than that of the second vertical plate 360 inside, the stability of the joint of the sand box can be improved, and the structure of the sand box can be further strengthened.
(3) Molding a drag flask: placing the manufactured models on a modeling platform in sequence, placing a drag flask corresponding to each model upside down above the models, sealing the joint of each drag flask by using a sealing plate, arranging an ingate in at least one drag flask, and filling the drag flask with molding sand for modeling, wherein in the embodiment, the sealing plate is a steel plate with the thickness of 5mm, the sealing plate is inserted into resin sand at the gap of the drag flask, and the ingate is used for introducing molten metal into a groove;
(4) Curing and turning over the box: standing each drag flask for 3h, and turning over the flasks respectively after the molding sand inside the drag flasks is solidified and molded;
(5) Molding in a sand box: covering each cope flask on the corresponding drag flask, arranging a pouring system and a riser in at least one cope flask, and filling each cope flask with molding sand for molding, wherein in the embodiment, the pouring system comprises a sprue, a cross runner and an ingate, the sprue is connected with the cross runner, the cross runner is connected with the ingate, and the ingate in the cope flask is communicated with the ingate in the drag flask;
(6) Curing and taking a mold: standing each cope flask for 3h, and taking out the mold after the molding sand inside the cope flasks is solidified and molded;
(7) Casting mould: the two drag flasks are hoisted to a casting site and then are preliminarily spliced together, the position between the two drag flasks is adjusted through the pre-set anti-deformation amount, and then the two drag flasks are fixedly connected, wherein the pendulum casting mold specifically comprises the following steps: (1) firstly, preliminarily splicing two sand boxes together, then padding a cushion block below 4 corners at the bottom of each sand box, and aligning the side surfaces of the two sand boxes through an eye observation method; (2) measuring the length dimensions of the two sections of drag flasks by using a measuring tape, if the length dimensions are larger than the process requirement dimensions, inward-retracting one section of the drag flask, and if the length dimensions are smaller than the process requirement dimensions, outward-pushing one section of the drag flask; (3) measuring through a fishing net line, firmly sleeving one end of the fishing net line on an iron nail with the length not less than 100mm, selecting a point on one end of the side surface of the casting mold in the length direction, wherein the distance between the point and the end head of the end is less than 50mm, and nailing the iron nail to the point; pulling the other end of the fishing net line to the other end of the surface, selecting a point with a distance less than 50mm from the other end surface, and then nailing the other end of the fishing net line at the point through another iron nail with a length not less than 100mm, wherein the two iron nails are positioned on the same plane on the casting mold; then, placing equal-height blocks between the fishing net lines and the side surfaces of the casting mould, checking the distance between the casting surface at the middle gap and the fishing net lines by using a straight plate ruler, and determining the casting without the requirement of lateral bending deformation, wherein the height difference between the casting surface near the two gaps and the equal-height blocks of the fishing net lines is less than 1mm, and the height difference between the casting surface near the two gaps and the equal-height blocks of the fishing net lines is the lateral bending deformation; (4) respectively taking a bit of iron nails with the length not less than 100mm from parting surfaces at two ends of a casting mould, nailing 4 positions together, then respectively connecting diagonal angles of the iron nails by using fishing net lines, respectively placing an equal-height block between the fishing net lines at the two ends and the parting surfaces, checking whether the intersection in the middle of the fishing net lines is overlapped, if the line is not overlapped, any end of the short diagonal line needs to be padded until the fishing net lines are overlapped, if the fishing net lines at the intersection are overlapped, turning down the upper fishing net line, checking whether the intersection is overlapped, and if the line is not overlapped, adjusting any end of the short diagonal line until the fishing net lines are overlapped; (5) the method comprises the steps of nailing an iron nail with the length not less than 100mm on each of two guide rail surfaces of a casting mold, nailing 4 positions in total, connecting the iron nails between the guide rail surfaces by using a fishing net line, tensioning, filling equal-height blocks between the fishing net line and the guide rail surfaces, measuring the sizes from the fishing net lines at two ends near a gap to the guide rail by using a straight plate ruler, controlling the sizes to be larger than the process requirement within the process requirement range, adding a thin steel plate on a cushion block below a sand box at the corresponding position, and replacing the cushion block below the sand box at the corresponding position by a cushion block with a thin point when the sizes are smaller than the process requirement.
(8) And (3) plugging and supplementing a drag flask: sealing gaps on two sides of the two drag flasks by using sealing plates, and filling molding sand into the gaps to fill the gaps to form the following shapes;
(9) Lower core mould assembling: and filling a mold core in the lower sand box, covering the two lower sand boxes on the corresponding upper sand boxes respectively, sealing gaps on two sides of the two upper sand boxes by using sealing plates, and filling molding sand in the gaps to complement the conformal effect.
In this embodiment, the filling of the mold trace means that the molding sand is filled in the gap between the two flasks in accordance with the shape of the mold to be molded in the flasks.
Example 2:
described in this embodiment is a casting process for the reverse deformation of an elongated casting, comprising the steps of:
(1) Making a model: manufacturing a model of a slender casting, and dividing the manufactured model into at least two parts in the length direction;
(2) Manufacturing a sand box: in the embodiment, the lengths of the two sections of the cope boxes are respectively matched with the lengths of the matched drag boxes, so that the whole structure of the sand box is regular and the sand box is convenient to produce and manufacture;
(3) Molding a drag flask: the manufactured models are sequentially placed on the modeling platform, the lower sand box corresponding to each model is placed upside down above the models, the joint of each lower sand box is sealed by a sealing plate, an ingate and a chill are arranged in at least one lower sand box, and resin sand is filled in each lower sand box for modeling. The chilling block is matched with a pouring system and a riser system for use, and the solidification sequence of the casting is controlled to obtain a qualified casting. The adoption of the chilling blocks can accelerate the cooling speed of the casting and improve the production efficiency;
(4) Curing and turning over the box: standing each drag flask for 1h, curing and molding resin sand in the drag flasks, and turning over the drag flasks respectively;
(5) Molding in a sand box: covering each cope flask on the corresponding drag flask, arranging a pouring system, a riser and an exhaust device in at least one cope flask, and filling resin sand in each cope flask for molding, wherein in the embodiment, the exhaust device adopts a phi 50 steel pipe, a mark is reserved on the mold for installing the exhaust device when the mold is manufactured, and a worker needs to insert the phi 50 steel pipe at the mark reserved on the mold when arranging the exhaust device, so that hot air in the sand flask can be rapidly exhausted through the exhaust device when pouring is carried out, thereby avoiding unsmooth gas exhaust in the resin sand, and the gas can break through a fire-resistant layer on the inner surface of the resin sand and enter a cavity, so that air holes or shrinkage holes exist in a casting, and the quality of the casting is seriously influenced;
(6) Curing and mold taking: standing each cope flask for 1h, and taking out the mold after the resin sand in the cope flask is solidified and molded;
(7) Casting mould: the two drag flasks are hoisted to a casting site and then are preliminarily spliced together, the position between the two drag flasks is adjusted through the preset anti-deformation amount, and then the two drag flasks are fixedly connected;
(8) And (3) plugging and supplementing a drag flask: plugging gaps on two sides of the two drag flasks by using closing plates, and filling resin sand into the gaps to fill the gaps to form a conformal;
(9) Lower core mould assembling: and filling the mold cores in the lower sand boxes, covering the two lower sand boxes on the corresponding upper sand boxes respectively, sealing gaps on two sides of the two upper sand boxes by using sealing plates, and filling resin sand into the gaps to fill the gaps to form the required shapes.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that the above preferred embodiment should not be considered as limiting the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the scope defined by the claims. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and should be considered to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A process for reverse deformation casting of an elongated casting, comprising the steps of:
(1) Making a model: manufacturing a model of a slender casting, and dividing the manufactured model into at least two parts in the length direction;
(2) Manufacturing a sand box: dividing the cope flask into two parts in the length direction, and dividing the drag flask into two parts in the length direction;
(3) Molding a drag flask: placing the manufactured models on a modeling platform in sequence, placing a bottom flask corresponding to each model upside down above the models, sealing the joint of each bottom flask by using a sealing plate, arranging an ingate in at least one bottom flask, and filling the bottom flasks with molding sand for modeling;
(4) Curing and turning over the box: standing each drag flask for 1-3 h, solidifying and molding the molding sand in the drag flasks, and turning over the drag flasks respectively;
(5) Molding in a sand box: covering each cope flask on the corresponding drag flask, arranging a pouring system and a riser in at least one cope flask, and filling each cope flask with molding sand for molding;
(6) Curing and taking a mold: standing each cope flask for 1-3 h, and taking out the mold after the molding sand inside the cope flask is solidified and molded;
(7) Casting mould: the two drag flasks are hoisted to a casting site and then are preliminarily spliced together, the position between the two drag flasks is adjusted through the pre-set anti-deformation amount, and then the two drag flasks are fixedly connected, wherein the pendulum casting mold comprises: (1) firstly, preliminarily splicing two sand boxes together, filling a cushion block below 4 corners at the bottom of each sand box, and aligning the side surfaces of the two sand boxes by an eye observation method; (2) measuring the length dimensions of the two sections of drag flasks by using a measuring tape, if the length dimensions are larger than the process requirement dimensions, inward-retracting one section of the drag flask, and if the length dimensions are smaller than the process requirement dimensions, outward-pushing one section of the drag flask; (3) measuring through a fishing net line, firmly sleeving one end of the fishing net line on an iron nail with the length not less than 100mm, selecting a point on one end of the side surface of the casting mold in the length direction, wherein the distance between the point and the end head of the end is less than 50mm, and nailing the iron nail to the point; pulling the other end of the fishing net line to the other end of the surface, selecting a point with a distance less than 50mm from the other end surface, and then nailing the other end of the fishing net line at the point by another iron nail with a length not less than 100mm, wherein the two iron nails are positioned on the same plane on the casting mold; then, placing equal-height blocks between the fishing net lines and the side surfaces of the casting mould, checking the distance between the casting surface at the middle notch and the fishing net lines by using a straight plate ruler, if the casting is a casting without the requirement of lateral bending deformation, ensuring that the height difference between the casting surface near the two notches and the blocks with the same distance and the same height as the fishing net lines is less than 1mm, and if the casting has the requirement of lateral bending deformation, determining the height difference between the casting surface near the two notches and the blocks with the same distance and the same height as the fishing net lines as the lateral bending deformation; (4) respectively taking a bit of iron nails with the length not less than 100mm from parting surfaces at two ends of the casting mould, nailing 4 parts together, then respectively connecting the iron nails with fishing net lines in opposite angles, respectively placing an equal-height block between the fishing net lines at the two ends and the parting surfaces, checking whether the intersection in the middle of the fishing net lines is overlapped, if not, checking whether any end of the opposite angle with a short pad line is overlapped with the fishing net line, if the fishing net lines at the intersection are overlapped, turning the upper fishing net line to the lower part, checking whether the intersection is overlapped again, and if not, adjusting any end of the opposite angle with a short pad line until the fishing net lines are overlapped; (5) respectively nailing an iron nail with the length not less than 100mm on two guide rail surfaces of a casting mould, nailing 4 positions in total, connecting the iron nails between the guide rail surfaces by using a fishing net line, tensioning, padding equal-height blocks between the fishing net line and the guide rail surfaces, measuring the size between the fishing net line at two ends near a gap and the guide rail by using a straight plate ruler, controlling the size to be within a process requirement range, adding a thin steel plate on a cushion block below a sand box at the corresponding position if the size is greater than the process requirement, and replacing the cushion block below the sand box at the corresponding position with a thinner cushion block if the size is less than the process requirement;
(8) And (3) plugging and supplementing a drag flask: sealing gaps at two sides of the two drag flasks by using sealing plates, and filling molding sand into the gaps to fill the gaps to form a conformal shape;
(9) Lower core mould assembling: and filling a mold core in the lower sand box, covering the two lower sand boxes on the corresponding upper sand boxes respectively, sealing gaps on two sides of the two upper sand boxes by using sealing plates, and filling molding sand in the gaps to complement the conformal effect.
2. The process of reverse deformation casting of an elongated casting according to claim 1, wherein the difference in length between two adjacent sections of the model in step 1 is less than 2m.
3. The process of reverse-deforming a cast elongated article of claim 1, wherein in step 2, the two cope flasks are mirror images and the two drag flasks are mirror images.
4. The process of reverse-deforming a cast elongated article of claim 1, wherein in step 3, a chill is also provided in the drag flask.
5. The process of reverse-deforming an elongated casting according to claim 1, wherein in step 5, an air vent is provided in the cope flask.
6. The process of casting an elongated casting according to claim 1, wherein the length of each cope flask matches the length of the mating drag flask.
7. The process of reverse-deforming a cast elongated object according to claim 1, wherein the molding sand is resin sand.
8. The process of reverse deforming an elongated casting according to claim 1, wherein the ingate in the drag flask is in communication with a gating system in the cope flask.
9. A casting process for the retrogradation of an elongated casting according to claim 1, wherein the gating system comprises a sprue, a runner and an ingate, the sprue being connected to the runner, the runner being connected to the ingate.
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| CN114713764A (en) * | 2022-03-02 | 2022-07-08 | 吉林省机械装备制造有限责任公司 | Manufacturing method for solving bending deformation of long shell lost foam casting |
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| CN108620533A (en) * | 2018-05-21 | 2018-10-09 | 河海大学常州校区 | A kind of three-cavity moulding technique of medium-sized thin-wall frame class casting |
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| CN213410248U (en) * | 2020-09-22 | 2021-06-11 | 松溪县松瑞材料科技有限公司 | Sand box for producing long rod castings |
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