CN113546623B - Rare earth composite organic hydrogen storage and carrying catalytic active substance, carrier and application - Google Patents
Rare earth composite organic hydrogen storage and carrying catalytic active substance, carrier and application Download PDFInfo
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- CN113546623B CN113546623B CN202110857610.3A CN202110857610A CN113546623B CN 113546623 B CN113546623 B CN 113546623B CN 202110857610 A CN202110857610 A CN 202110857610A CN 113546623 B CN113546623 B CN 113546623B
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- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000009903 catalytic hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N terbium atom Chemical group [Tb] GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- SIYISNUJKMAQBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzyl-4-methylbenzene Chemical compound C1=CC(C)=CC=C1CC1=CC=CC=C1 SIYISNUJKMAQBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 abstract description 20
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 56
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- QWUWMCYKGHVNAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dihydrostilbene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1CCC1=CC=CC=C1 QWUWMCYKGHVNAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 8
- YBCAZPLXEGKKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-K ruthenium(iii) chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Ru+3] YBCAZPLXEGKKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 8
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 4
- ATINCSYRHURBSP-UHFFFAOYSA-K neodymium(iii) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Nd](Cl)Cl ATINCSYRHURBSP-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 4
- GFISHBQNVWAVFU-UHFFFAOYSA-K terbium(iii) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Tb](Cl)Cl GFISHBQNVWAVFU-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 4
- 125000003158 alcohol group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QKAJDYOYIFCNGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-phenyltetradecan-2-ylbenzene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(CCCCCCCCCCCC)CC1=CC=CC=C1 QKAJDYOYIFCNGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 rare earth metal salt Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/54—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/56—Platinum group metals
- B01J23/63—Platinum group metals with rare earths or actinides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/0005—Reversible uptake of hydrogen by an appropriate medium, i.e. based on physical or chemical sorption phenomena or on reversible chemical reactions, e.g. for hydrogen storage purposes ; Reversible gettering of hydrogen; Reversible uptake of hydrogen by electrodes
- C01B3/001—Reversible uptake of hydrogen by an appropriate medium, i.e. based on physical or chemical sorption phenomena or on reversible chemical reactions, e.g. for hydrogen storage purposes ; Reversible gettering of hydrogen; Reversible uptake of hydrogen by electrodes characterised by the uptaking medium; Treatment thereof
- C01B3/0015—Organic compounds; Solutions thereof
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a rare earth composite organic hydrogen storage and carrying catalytic active substance, which at least comprises a main element ruthenium element and an auxiliary element rare earth element, wherein the mol ratio of the main element to the auxiliary element is (8-10): 1. the scheme effectively enhances the efficiency of catalytic hydrogenation by optimizing the composition of active substances of the organic carrier hydrogen hydrogenation catalyst.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an organic hydrogen-carrying catalytic hydrogenation technology, in particular to a rare earth composite organic hydrogen-storing hydrogen-carrying catalytic active substance, a load and application.
Background
The advantages of clean and pollution-free hydrogen energy, high heat value and the like make the hydrogen energy expected in the last decades, and the hydrogen energy is considered as an indispensable part of solving the energy problem and developing low-carbon economy by a plurality of people. Although hydrogen energy is being developed vigorously, the key problems in three aspects of hydrogen production, hydrogen storage and fuel cells are not well solved. In particular, as a hydrogen storage method which plays a bridge role between hydrogen preparation and application, no particularly mature hydrogen storage mode which can be widely applied exists. The existing vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage mode is also a mode of storing hydrogen by utilizing a physical high-pressure hydrogen storage tank, and has a plurality of defects in the aspects of energy efficiency, volume hydrogen storage quantity, safety and the like. Therefore, the lack of efficient hydrogen storage materials can be said to be a bottleneck in the development of hydrogen energy.
Organic hydrogen storage liquid is one of the most possible schemes for solving the problem of hydrogen storage, but the kinetics of hydrogen absorption and desorption are poor, so that the noble metal catalyst is basically required to catalyze the hydrogen absorption and desorption process, and the hydrogenation process and the dehydrogenation process often need to use different noble metals, so that the use cost is too high to be practically applied. For example, for the most potential organic hydrogen storage liquid benzyltoluene at present, the hydrogenation and dehydrogenation of the corresponding hydrogenation product (dodecylbenzyltoluene) require a Ru-based catalyst and a Pd-based catalyst, respectively, for catalysis.
Based on the application requirement of the new energy carrier, the hydrogen carrying efficiency and speed of the hydrogen storage device greatly limit the application of the organic hydrogen storage liquid on the hydrogen fuel cell automobile.
The information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person of ordinary skill in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a rare earth composite organic hydrogen storage and carrying catalytic active substance, a carrier and application thereof, which have higher catalytic activity and selectivity, and can effectively improve the catalytic hydrogenation efficiency in the liquid hydrogen storage technology, thereby meeting the application requirements of the liquid hydrogen storage technology.
In order to achieve the above object, the embodiment of the present invention provides a rare earth composite organic hydrogen storage and carrying catalytic active material, which at least includes a main element ruthenium element and an auxiliary element rare earth element, wherein the molar ratio of the main element to the auxiliary element is (8-10): 1. the ruthenium element is derived from ruthenium chloride or ruthenium nitrosylnitrate.
In one or more embodiments of the invention, the secondary element is terbium or neodymium. The auxiliary element is derived from terbium chloride or neodymium chloride.
In one or more embodiments of the present invention, the support includes the aforementioned rare earth composite organic hydrogen storage hydrogen-supporting catalytically active material and a carrier, the rare earth composite organic hydrogen storage hydrogen-supporting catalytically active material being supported on the carrier.
In one or more embodiments of the invention, the support is alumina.
In one or more embodiments of the invention, the loading of ruthenium element on the support is 0.1 to 2wt.%. Preferably, the loading of ruthenium element on the support is 0.5wt.%.
In one or more embodiments of the invention, the loading of rare earth elements on the support is from 0.01 to 0.2%. Preferably, the loading of the rare earth element on the carrier is 0.01-0.1%.
In one or more embodiments of the invention, the rare earth composite organic hydrogen storage supported hydrogen catalytic active material as described above or the use of the support as described above in liquid hydrogen storage catalytic hydrogenation.
Compared with the prior art, the catalyst according to the embodiment of the invention effectively improves the selectivity and the catalytic efficiency of catalytic hydrogenation by screening and optimizing the composition of the catalytic active substances.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an XRD pattern of a carrier according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of hydrogenation efficiency for examples 1 and 2 and comparative example 1 according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention is, therefore, to be taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and it is to be understood that the scope of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments.
Throughout the specification and claims, unless explicitly stated otherwise, the term "comprise" or variations thereof such as "comprises" or "comprising", etc. will be understood to include the stated element or component without excluding other elements or components.
Example 1 (sample 1)
In this embodiment:
catalyst preparation
1. Preparing ruthenium chloride and terbium chloride mixed solution with certain concentration, wherein the solvent is water to obtain solution A;
2. using an equal volume infiltration method to infiltrate the solution A into an alumina carrier to obtain a precursor B;
3. putting the precursor B into an oven for drying at 100 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain a precursor C;
4. placing the precursor C into a muffle furnace for calcining for 2 hours in 500 ℃ air to obtain a precursor D;
5. cleaning the precursor D by deionized water for 2 hours, and drying at 100 ℃ to obtain a precursor E;
6. and (3) putting the precursor E into a tubular muffle furnace, introducing hydrogen, heating to 300 ℃, and maintaining for 2 hours.
Hydrogenation effect test method
1. 40g of benzyl toluene and 2g of catalyst are weighed and added into a high-temperature high-pressure reaction kettle;
2. repeatedly replacing the high-temperature high-pressure reaction kettle with hydrogen;
3. stirring (1000 rpm) was started, and heating (200 ℃ C.) was started;
4. after the temperature reaches 200 ℃, hydrogen is introduced, and the pressure of the hydrogen is kept (the range is 5-9 MPa)
Example 2 (sample 2)
In this embodiment:
catalyst preparation
1. Preparing ruthenium chloride and neodymium chloride mixed solution with certain concentration, wherein the solvent is water to obtain solution A;
2. using an equal volume infiltration method to infiltrate the solution A into an alumina carrier to obtain a precursor B;
3. putting the precursor B into an oven for drying at 100 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain a precursor C;
4. placing the precursor C into a muffle furnace for calcining for 2 hours in 500 ℃ air to obtain a precursor D;
5. cleaning the precursor D by deionized water for 2 hours, and drying at 100 ℃ to obtain a precursor E;
6. and (3) putting the precursor E into a tubular muffle furnace, introducing hydrogen, heating to 300 ℃, and maintaining for 2 hours.
Hydrogenation effect test method
1. 40g of benzyl toluene and 2g of catalyst are weighed and added into a high-temperature high-pressure reaction kettle;
2. repeatedly replacing the high-temperature high-pressure reaction kettle with hydrogen;
3. stirring (1000 rpm) was started, and heating (200 ℃ C.) was started;
4. after the temperature reaches 200 ℃, hydrogen is introduced, and the pressure of the hydrogen is kept (the range is 5-9 MPa)
Example 3
In this embodiment:
catalyst preparation
1. Preparing ruthenium chloride and terbium chloride mixed solution with certain concentration, wherein the solvent is water to obtain solution A;
2. using an equal volume infiltration method to infiltrate the solution A into an alumina carrier to obtain a precursor B;
3. putting the precursor B into an oven for drying at 100 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain a precursor C;
4. placing the precursor C into a muffle furnace for calcining for 2 hours in 500 ℃ air to obtain a precursor D;
5. cleaning the precursor D by deionized water for 2 hours, and drying at 100 ℃ to obtain a precursor E;
6. and (3) putting the precursor E into a tubular muffle furnace, introducing hydrogen, heating to 300 ℃, and maintaining for 2 hours.
Hydrogenation effect test method
1. 40g of benzyl toluene and 2g of catalyst are weighed and added into a high-temperature high-pressure reaction kettle;
2. repeatedly replacing the high-temperature high-pressure reaction kettle with hydrogen;
3. stirring (300 rpm) was turned on and heating (190 ℃ C.) was turned on;
4. after the temperature reaches 200 ℃, hydrogen is introduced, and the pressure of the hydrogen is kept (the range is 5-9 MPa)
Example 4
In this embodiment:
catalyst preparation
1. Preparing ruthenium chloride and neodymium chloride mixed solution with certain concentration, wherein the solvent is alcohol to obtain solution A;
2. using an equal volume infiltration method to infiltrate the solution A into an alumina carrier to obtain a precursor B;
3. putting the precursor B into an oven for drying at 100 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain a precursor C;
4. placing the precursor C into a muffle furnace for calcining for 2 hours in 500 ℃ air to obtain a precursor D;
5. cleaning the precursor D by deionized water for 2 hours, and drying at 100 ℃ to obtain a precursor E;
6. and (3) putting the precursor E into a tubular muffle furnace, introducing hydrogen, heating to 300 ℃, and maintaining for 2 hours.
Hydrogenation effect test method
1. 40g of benzyl toluene and 2g of catalyst are weighed and added into a high-temperature high-pressure reaction kettle;
2. repeatedly replacing the high-temperature high-pressure reaction kettle with hydrogen;
3. stirring (1500 rpm) was started, and heating (230 ℃ C.) was started;
4. after the temperature reaches 200 ℃, hydrogen is introduced, and the pressure of the hydrogen is kept (the range is 5-9 MPa)
Example 5
In this embodiment:
catalyst preparation
1. Preparing ruthenium chloride and terbium chloride mixed solution with certain concentration, wherein the solvent is alcohol to obtain solution A;
2. using an equal volume infiltration method to infiltrate the solution A into an alumina carrier to obtain a precursor B;
3. putting the precursor B into an oven for drying at 100 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain a precursor C;
4. placing the precursor C into a muffle furnace for calcining for 2 hours in 500 ℃ air to obtain a precursor D;
5. cleaning the precursor D by deionized water for 2 hours, and drying at 100 ℃ to obtain a precursor E;
6. and (3) putting the precursor E into a tubular muffle furnace, introducing hydrogen, heating to 300 ℃, and maintaining for 2 hours.
Hydrogenation effect test method
1. 40g of benzyl toluene and 2g of catalyst are weighed and added into a high-temperature high-pressure reaction kettle;
2. repeatedly replacing the high-temperature high-pressure reaction kettle with hydrogen;
3. stirring (800 rpm) was started, and heating (180 degrees) was started;
4. after the temperature reaches 200 ℃, hydrogen is introduced, and the pressure of the hydrogen is kept (the range is 5-9 MPa)
Example 6
In this embodiment:
catalyst preparation
1. Preparing ruthenium chloride and neodymium chloride mixed solution with certain concentration, wherein the solvent is alcohol to obtain solution A;
2. using an equal volume infiltration method to infiltrate the solution A into an alumina carrier to obtain a precursor B;
3. putting the precursor B into an oven for drying at 100 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain a precursor C;
4. placing the precursor C into a muffle furnace for calcining for 2 hours in 500 ℃ air to obtain a precursor D;
5. cleaning the precursor D by deionized water for 2 hours, and drying at 100 ℃ to obtain a precursor E;
6. and (3) putting the precursor E into a tubular muffle furnace, introducing hydrogen, heating to 300 ℃, and maintaining for 2 hours.
Hydrogenation effect test method
1. 40g of benzyl toluene and 2g of catalyst are weighed and added into a high-temperature high-pressure reaction kettle;
2. repeatedly replacing the high-temperature high-pressure reaction kettle with hydrogen;
3. stirring (1200 rpm) was turned on and heating (250 degrees) was turned on;
4. after the temperature reaches 200 ℃, hydrogen is introduced, and the pressure of the hydrogen is kept (the range is 5-9 MPa)
The catalyst samples of examples 3-6 were tested, and the time required to reach 100% hydrogenation was also around 12min, which is significantly better than the prior art.
Comparative example 1 (sample 3)
In this embodiment:
catalyst preparation
1. Preparing a ruthenium chloride and rare earth metal salt mixed solution with a certain concentration, wherein the solvent is water to obtain a solution A;
2. using an equal volume infiltration method to infiltrate the solution A into an alumina carrier to obtain a precursor B;
3. putting the precursor B into an oven for drying at 100 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain a precursor C;
4. placing the precursor C into a muffle furnace for calcining for 2 hours in 500 ℃ air to obtain a precursor D;
5. cleaning the precursor D by deionized water for 2 hours, and drying at 100 ℃ to obtain a precursor E;
6. and (3) putting the precursor E into a tubular muffle furnace, introducing hydrogen, heating to 300 ℃, and maintaining for 2 hours.
Hydrogenation effect test method
1. 40g of benzyl toluene and 2g of catalyst are weighed and added into a high-temperature high-pressure reaction kettle;
2. repeatedly replacing the high-temperature high-pressure reaction kettle with hydrogen;
3. stirring (1000 rpm) was started, and heating (200 ℃ C.) was started;
4. after the temperature reaches 200 ℃, hydrogen is introduced, and the pressure of the hydrogen is kept (the range is 5-9 MPa)
FIG. 1 shows that the carrier in the invention is alumina, the efficiency of catalytic hydrogenation is obviously improved after rare earth elements are loaded on the surface of FIG. 2, and the time required for the hydrogenation reaction degree to reach 100% is about 12 min.
The foregoing descriptions of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention are presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain the specific principles of the invention and its practical application to thereby enable one skilled in the art to make and utilize the invention in various exemplary embodiments and with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (4)
1. The application of a load in liquid hydrogen storage catalytic hydrogenation, wherein the load comprises a rare earth composite organic hydrogen storage hydrogen loading catalytic active substance and a carrier, the rare earth composite organic hydrogen storage hydrogen loading catalytic active substance is loaded on the carrier, and the rare earth composite organic hydrogen storage hydrogen loading catalytic active substance is characterized by at least comprising a main element ruthenium element and an auxiliary element rare earth element, and the molar ratio of the main element to the auxiliary element is (8-10): 1, wherein the auxiliary element is terbium or neodymium, the load of ruthenium element on the carrier is 0.1-2 wt%, and the load of rare earth element on the carrier is 0.01-0.2%;
the catalytic hydrogenation reaction is p-benzyl toluene catalytic hydrogenation: after stirring and heating to 200 ℃, introducing hydrogen, and keeping the pressure range of the hydrogen to 5-9 MPa.
2. The use according to claim 1, wherein the support is alumina.
3. The use according to claim 1, wherein the loading of ruthenium element on the support is 0.5wt.%.
4. The use according to claim 1, wherein the loading of rare earth elements on the support is between 0.01 and 0.1%.
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