CN113544350A - 用于平屋顶或平斜屋顶的隔热和/或隔音的隔离元件以及制造隔离元件的方法 - Google Patents

用于平屋顶或平斜屋顶的隔热和/或隔音的隔离元件以及制造隔离元件的方法 Download PDF

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CN113544350A
CN113544350A CN202080018892.1A CN202080018892A CN113544350A CN 113544350 A CN113544350 A CN 113544350A CN 202080018892 A CN202080018892 A CN 202080018892A CN 113544350 A CN113544350 A CN 113544350A
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layer
adhesive
main surface
insulating element
layers
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CN113544350B (zh
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阔·J.M.·吉黑曾
拉尔斯·巴查德·安德森
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Rockwool AS
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Rockwool International AS
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    • E04D13/1606—Insulation of the roof covering characterised by its integration in the roof structure
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Roof Covering Using Slabs Or Stiff Sheets (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

用于平屋顶(1)的隔热和/或隔音的隔离元件(4)，包括由矿物棉制成的第一层(5)和由至少一种织物制成的第二层(6)，其中第二层(6)通过粘合剂(9)固定于第一层(5)的主表面(7)，其中第一层(5)由其纤维取向主要垂直于第二层(6)的主表面(8)的至少一个薄层制成，其中第一层(5)包含固化的粘接剂，其中粘合剂(9)部分地布置在紧靠朝向第二层(6)的第一层(5)的主表面(7)的纤维之间的区域(10)和紧靠近朝向第一层(5)的主表面(8)的第二层(6)的区域(11)中，使得粘合剂(9)以这样的方式连接第一层(5)和第二层(6)：垂直于第二层(6)指向的力能够通过第二层(6)与粘合剂(9)结合的拉伸强度和/或第一层(5)纤维的挠曲来补偿，引起的最大变形小于第一层(5)和第二层厚度的5%。

Description

用于平屋顶或平斜屋顶的隔热和/或隔音的隔离元件以及制 造隔离元件的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于平屋顶或平斜屋顶的隔热和/或隔音的隔离元件，包括由矿物棉，尤其是石棉制成的第一层和由至少一种织物，特别是棉网制成的第二层，其中第二层通过粘合剂固定到第一层的主表面，由此第一层由至少一个矿物棉薄层元件制成，该薄层元件具有主要垂直于其主表面的纤维取向。此外，第一层包含固化的粘结剂。此外，本发明涉及一种用于制造前述隔离元件的方法。
背景技术
平屋顶和平斜屋顶在现有技术中是众所周知的，例如作为膜式屋顶系统，根据主要隔热材料的放置位置，一般分为以下几种类型：暖屋顶、倒铺暖屋顶、屋顶花园或绿植屋顶、冷屋顶。
膜式屋顶系统用于保护平屋顶或平斜屋顶免受其设计寿命期间可能遇到的所有天气状况的影响。它们通常构建为单层屋顶系统，特别是用于较大的屋顶，或者它们由沥青防水膜尤其是增强沥青防水膜(RBM)构成。后者通常以两层或更多层展开的片材施加在隔热和/或隔音元件上。典型的膜式屋顶系统包括：结构支撑，提供连续支撑的支承板(例如钢或混凝土支承板)，水汽控制层(如果需要的话)，隔热物(如果需要的话)，防水膜，以及耐运输或负荷的涂层(如果出于功能和/或审美的原因而需要的话)。
本发明主要针对所谓的暖屋顶，其中主要的隔热材料直接放置在屋顶覆盖物(即防水膜)的下面。连接单层屋顶系统的三种主要选择是机械紧固、粘合/热粘合/冷胶合、压载物，其中隔热物和防水膜可以通过相同或不同的方法附接。优选地，通过使用合适的冷粘合剂的冷胶合，将单层防水物膜或防水内衬附接到基底，即隔离层。而增强沥青防水膜(RBM)通常通过喷射火焰(torching)施加。在这种方法中，特别设计的沥青防水膜从其底侧用气焊火焰加热，以液化一些沥青，而不需要单独的粘合沥青或胶。喷射火焰需要特殊的防火措施和预防措施，并且不适合在易燃材料上方或附近进行。
用于平屋顶或平斜屋顶的隔热和/或隔音的矿物棉隔离元件在本领域中是众所周知的。相应的产品和一般要求在欧洲标准EN 13162:2012+A1:2015“建筑用隔热产品-工厂制造的矿物棉(MW)产品”中进行了规定。
这些矿物棉隔离元件或相应的产品通常包括相当高密度(通常高于150kg/m3且高达250kg/m3)的分层或卷曲产品，以便为在平屋顶或平斜屋顶系统上使用而提供相应的机械阻力。它们的纤维取向主要与所述元件的主表面成层，或者由于在固化前主幅材的纵向压缩而有些曲折。鉴于不断增加的热要求并因此增加产品厚度，这种板形式的矿物棉隔离元件变得越来越重，因此在许多情况下，需要两层隔离元件来满足当地关于热性能的建筑规范。安装两层隔热材料既费时又费力。另一方面，具有较高堆积密度的板必须更小和/或更薄，才能仅由一个人处理。
在其他建筑隔热应用中，特别是在外墙隔热领域，尤其是在外部隔热复合系统中，所谓的薄层产品是众所周知的。薄层产品由板型层状预制品制成，该板型层状预制品的薄片被切割并随后旋转90°，使得所得隔离元件包括主要垂直于主表面的纤维取向。然而，所述薄层产品对沿平行于其主要纤维取向的方向施加的力，即压缩力或荷载敏感。这就是为什么薄板产品不常用于平屋顶或平斜屋顶的原因之一。当薄层产品用于各有关屋顶的隔热时，它们需要覆盖一个荷载分布层，例如额外的高密度矿物棉覆盖板或其他片状材料，例如木基建筑板材。额外安装覆盖层或荷载分布层既费时又费力。
对于分层或卷曲的屋顶产品，最近开始尝试改进它们在防水膜连接方面的应用范围。例如，参考EP 2 753 770 B1，其涉及用于平屋顶或平斜屋顶的热和/或声隔离的隔离元件，其包括:第一层，其由矿物纤维，尤其是石棉纤维制成；第二层，其由至少一种织物，尤其是被填充的棉网制成，其中通过粘合剂将第二层固定到第一层的主表面，其中第二层由无机填料(尤其是石灰)填充，并且与填料结合的第二层具有这样的渗透率，该渗透率允许热空气气体通过第二层并且对于胶合剂或粘合剂在到第一层的方向上的渗透关闭第二层。相应的产品已被证明适用于防水膜的粘合/冷胶合，并且由于第二层的无机物填充，也适用于例如沥青防水膜的喷射火焰。然而，由于其厚度范围所限且需要用于第二层的专用棉网，因此所得产品很重且其生产成本高。
使用中的这种平屋顶或平倾斜屋顶的主要方面之一是能够进入并且在屋顶的至少一部分上行走而不会特别损坏防水膜和隔离元件。因此，需要来自隔离元件的对防水膜的相应支撑和相应的机械阻力，给在这种屋顶上行走的人一个安全的印象，因为支承板顶部的部件不会弯曲或塌陷。屋顶可根据其可使用性进行分类，其中需要特殊设备才能进入以进行维护的屋顶与仅为维护目的才进入的屋顶、与对放置在屋顶上的设备进行频繁维护进入的屋顶、与可供行人通行的屋顶、与轻型车辆可用的屋顶、与重型车辆可用的屋顶、与屋顶花园都是不同的。就本发明而言，仅涉及在40至80kPa的测试荷载和高达80℃的特定温度下关于可压缩性具有暴露于机械应力的行为的屋顶。所述屋顶可供行人通行且可用于需要频繁维护设备的地方。此外，这种被以较高荷载测试的屋顶可供轻型车辆使用，并且只能在防水覆盖物由混凝土面层或类似物保护的情况下使用。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是改进矿物棉薄层隔离元件的机械特性，优选地是关于隔离元件在分布的静荷载下的稳定性。特别是与行人交通和/或轻型车辆可使用性有关的屋顶的行走性，特别是关于在屋顶上行走的人的安全印象，因为支承板顶部的组件提供连续支撑，弯曲或塌陷仅在一非常小的间隔内。此外，本发明的一个目的是提供一种矿物棉薄层隔离元件，其重量轻但机械强度高、易于处理并且可以快速施加并且即使在大厚度场合也只用一层。
此外，一个目的是提供一种生产隔离元件的方法，利用该方法能够以低成本生产这种隔离元件，并在其机械特性方面进行改进，特别是关于在行人交通和/或轻型车辆可通过的屋顶上的行走性能方面进行改进。
根据本发明，关于矿物棉隔离元件的技术方案是这样实现的，即粘合剂部分地布置在紧靠第一层的主表面的纤维之间的区域中，所述第一层的主表面指向第二层，并且布置在紧靠第二层的主表面的区域中，该第二层的主表面指向第一层，以便粘合剂以这样的方式连接第一层和第二层：使得垂直指向第二层的力可以通过第二层与粘合剂结合的拉伸强度和/或第一层纤维的挠曲来补偿，产生改进的可行走性，分别为≤5％的隔离元件厚度的最大变形，其中粘合剂以60g/m2至400g/m2之间的量，优选100g/m2至250g/m2之间的量，更优选150g/m2的量，提供在第一层和第二层之间。
因此，根据本发明的隔离元件包括：形式为由矿物纤维和固化的粘结剂构成的矿物棉薄层元件的第一层，在该第一层上，由织物，尤其是棉网制成的第二层通过使用粘合剂固定到该薄层的主表面上。粘合剂可以施加到薄层和/或织物的表面。它可以进入到薄层中和/或棉毛网中，从而以这样的方式在薄层的纤维之间和织物的部分之间布置粘合剂，使得垂直于第二层的力由第二层与粘合剂结合的拉伸强度和/或第一层纤维的挠曲补偿，导致极有限的变形和隔离元件的点荷载功的增加。这导致改进的行走性，相应的最大变形小于等于隔离元件厚度的5％。该最大变形一方面是纤维取向，另一方面是使用合适的粘合剂，尤其是使用第二层的结果。
所述第二层由至少一种织物通过使用粘合剂连接到薄层制成，所述粘合剂在薄层表面的纤维之间进行加注，形成其中薄层表面的大部分多孔结构被粘合剂封闭的区域，从而该区域表面高达90％的孔隙体积可以被粘合剂填充。结果，在该区域中粘合剂形成封闭层，该封闭层能够承受垂直于薄层的纤维取向的方向上的纵向力。另一方面，粘合剂也渗透到紧靠织物表面的多孔结构中，在织物内形成一个几乎封闭的层，其特性与薄层上部区域中的特性相同。
已经发现，根据本发明的粘合剂的量建立了隔离元件的足够强度，特别是粘合剂的足够的拉伸强度，其中隔离特性，尤其是隔热特性不会以必须使用更厚的隔离元件来满足屋顶隔离特性所有要求的量减少。
因此，粘合剂优选地形成将纤维以及织物的组分彼此连接的几乎封闭的层。该粘合剂层具有足够的拉伸强度，该拉伸强度由与第一层的纤维和织物组分的连接所支撑，使得垂直于隔离元件的表面施加的力(例如人在屋顶上行走的力)至少部分地通过粘合剂和/或第二层的抗拉强度与至少部分被粘合剂包围的第一层的纤维挠曲共同来补偿。
优选地，第二层通过喷射火焰连接到沥青防水膜或通过冷胶合粘连接到膜，使得这些隔离元件可用于许多不同的屋顶隔离物。
根据本发明的另一方面，所述粘合剂选自三聚氰胺脲醛，优选为双组分胶、水性丙烯酸胶、酚醛粉末粘合剂、水性氯丁橡胶泡沫胶、聚酰胺基粉末胶、聚氨酯胶，优选为双组分胶，聚氨酯湿固化胶或硅烷改性粘合剂，优选为单组分湿固化胶。所有这些粘合剂都与矿物纤维建立了良好的连接，并且所有这些粘合剂都能够在薄层区域和织物区域形成几乎封闭的层，从而在平行于薄层的大表面的方向上加强隔离元件。
在第一层和第二层之间以60g/m2至400g/m2之间的量，优选以100g/m2至250g/m2之间的量，更优选以150g/m2的量提供粘合剂。
根据所选择的粘合剂的类型，在如上定义的第一层和第二层之间提供的粘合剂的量应理解为湿施涂物或干施涂物。例如，下面提到了两个不同的参考文献。
在湿涂胶的情况下，例如水性丙烯酸胶，该粘合剂用量约为150g/m2，相当于约90g/m2的干燥量(干燥/固化后)，其中，为了用公知的湿涂方法施用，这种粘合剂的稀释通常是大约60％的干物质稀释在液体中。对于上面列出的水性氯丁橡胶泡沫胶，将以类似的方式计算，但稀释范围可能不同。
对于干涂粘合剂，例如对于酚醛粉末粘合剂或聚酰胺基粉末胶，施加的量是指定义在随后的干燥或固化时不会显著变化的干物质的量。因此，这些量通常是在上述定义范围中较低的范围内，即介于60g/m2和250g/m2之间，优选介于80g/m2和150g/m2之间的量。
在第一层和第二层之间的整个表面提供粘合剂，从而在两层之间形成非常牢固的连接，并在第一层和第二层的两个区域内形成用粘合剂填充的两个几乎完整的层。该实施例的优点在于，即使在这些区域内仅以薄层形式提供粘合剂，这些层的拉伸强度也足以限制由正常体重为80kg的人在屋顶上行走或由行人交通和/或由轻型车辆引起的力所加载的隔离元件的最大变形。
作为各层之间牢固结合并确保充分结合的措施，在生产各个隔离元件时第二层的剥离强度是需要详细描述的关键特征。所谓的剥离强度或剥落强度是隔离元件与这样的第二层(例如玻璃棉网)之间连接强度的重要衡量标准。换句话说，矿物棉板上相应玻璃棉网的附着力很重要，尤其是对于屋顶板；这种屋顶板在安装状态下必须能承受风的冲击。剥离强度或剥落强度通过内部方法测试，并表示当产品与防水覆盖物或内衬元件粘合时产品所受到的剥离强度。通过测试剥离强度，作为顶层的第二层从隔离元件上移除。粘合剂连接的横截面积选择为样品面积的三分之一。剥离强度是垂直于在其长度方向上与玻璃棉网结合的隔离元件的表面测量的，并借助额外施加的自粘衬里元件来转移荷载，因为这样的玻璃棉网无法承受施加的力。首先将试样放置或固定在导轨上，以便垂直剥离沥青防水膜。即，隔离元件通过上述导轨垂直地保持就位，该导轨位于材料试验机(例如可在ZwickRoell购买)的下部横梁处。然而，所述导轨确保试样可以在水平方向上移动并且在测试时不会引入额外的剪切力。相应沥青防水膜的一端被夹在在上部横梁处并且包括测力计的安装夹具中。确定给定长度的剥离强度。试样的尺寸选择为隔离元件的长度为350毫米和宽度为150毫米，内衬元件的长度为450毫米和宽度为50毫米。施加2.5+/-0.25N的预载荷，并以100+/-5mm/min的测试速度将内衬元件与玻璃棉网一起从隔离元件上撕下，从而给出以[N/50mm]为单位测量的剥离强度。优选地，在平屋顶或平斜屋顶的隔离物内使用的隔热和/或隔音元件提供垂直于隔离元件的主表面的至少7.5[N/50mm]、优选至少为至少10[N/50mm]的剥离强度。
根据本发明的另一个实施例，由矿物纤维和粘结剂(优选用量为3至7wt.-％)制成的层，根据欧洲标准EN 826:2013测量，具有80至120kg/m3的堆积密度和50至130kPa的抗压强度。
根据本发明的隔离元件的进一步改进通过以下实现：第二层由玻璃棉网制成，优选具有450至900MPa、优选500至800MPa的弹性模量和/或介于50至110N之间、优选介于70至90N之间的拉伸强度(根据欧洲标准EN ISO 1924-2:2009)。这种隔离元件可用于平屋顶和/或平斜屋顶，并且可以以有限的挠度和良好的可行走性负载在屋顶上行走的人，甚至可以负载小型车辆而不会使表面挠曲量超过5％的隔离元件厚度。
最后，根据本发明的另一实施例，粘合剂具有无机填料。这种可以用石灰代表的无机填料具有提高隔离元件的耐火性的优点，并且由于玻璃棉网的存在和荷载分布特性，这种填料进一步提高了点荷载特性。.
与仅在其表面上具有一层组织的类似板材相比，根据本发明的隔离元件提供了优异的机械特性，尤其是改进的步行性。
关于根据本说明书的用于生产隔离元件的方法，其目的通过以下实现：由纤维取向主要垂直于其主表面的至少一个矿物棉薄层制成并且包括矿物纤维和固化的粘结剂的第一层通过粘合剂连接到第二层。该粘合剂部分布置在紧靠近朝向第二层的第一层的主表面的纤维之间的区域和紧靠朝向第一层的第二层的主表面的区域中，使得粘合剂以如这样的式连接第一层和第二层：垂直于第二层指向的力能够由第二层与粘合剂共同结合的拉伸强度和/或第一层纤维的挠曲来补偿，产生改善的步行性，相应各最大变形为小于等于第一层和第二层厚度的5％。在连接两层之前将粘合剂施加到第一层和/或第二层。当连接两层时，粘合剂渗入第一层和/或第二层的孔隙中，在连接两层后粘合剂固化。渗透可以通过将两层相互挤压或在连接两层之前对粘合剂施加的机械力来增加。
为了评估隔离元件的最大变形及其在暴露于机械应力和特定温度下的行为，对具有代表性数量的300X300mm隔离元件样品进行测试。所述测试包括将测试样品保持在例如80℃的温度下并在受控气氛中测量其变形，同时保持40或80kPa的测试荷载。首先在23℃的温度和分布在整个区域上的1kPa压力下确定试样的初始厚度，然后施加测试荷载。测试荷载在80℃的高温下保持7天。在测试期间样品可能会变形，频繁地测量对应于变形的样品厚度。7天后，最终测量样品的稳定厚度，并根据初始和最终厚度计算平均产生的变形。最大相对变形应≤5％的隔离元件的初始厚度。
附图说明
本发明在附图中说明，其中
图1为平屋顶的一部分的横截面；
图2示出了隔离元件的第一实施例的点荷载图；
图3示出了根据图2的本发明第一实施例的点荷载功；
图4示出了隔离元件的第二实施例的点荷载图；
图5示出了根据图4的本发明第二实施例的点荷载功。
具体实施方式
图1示出了包括结构支撑件2、水汽控制层3和隔离元件4的平屋顶1的一部分。隔离元件4包括包含有石棉纤维和粘结剂的第一层5和由玻璃棉网的纤维制成的第二层6，第二层6具有573MPa的E模量。玻璃棉网的拉伸强度为71N。
第一层5由具有纤维取向主要垂直于第二层6的主表面7的一个或多个薄层表示。薄层以及因此第一层5具有110kg/m3的密度和150mm的典型厚度。在第二层6通过粘合剂9固定到第一层5的表面8之前，矿物纤维经由在硬化炉中固化的粘结剂被粘结在一起。
粘合剂9部分地布置在紧靠指向第二层6的第一层5的主表面8的区域10中和紧靠指向第一层5的第二层6的主表面7的区域11中，使得粘合剂9以这样的方式连接第一层5和第二层6：使得垂直于第二层6指向的力可以通过第二层6与粘合剂9结合的抗拉强度和/或第一层5的纤维的挠曲相来补偿。这种垂直于第二层6指向的例如80kPa的力引起小于5％的隔离元件4(第一层5和第二层6)的有限变形，并且因而对于第一层5的150mm的厚度不超过7.5mm。第二层6的厚度大约不超过1mm，因此在该计算中可以忽略。足够量的粘合剂9布置在第一层5的纤维之间，从而围绕纤维并形成固定在第一层5中的粘合剂层9。
粘合剂9以80g/m2的量布置在两层5和6之间，例如丙烯酸胶。足够量的粘合剂9在第一层5和第二层6中扩散。因此粘合剂9构成连接第一层5和第二层6的层并且固定在两个层5、6中。
图2示出了具有两个曲线图的图表，其中下方的曲线图(虚线)是现有技术已知的薄层中荷载与变形的关系。上方的曲线图示出了与根据本发明的隔离元件4的变形相关的荷载。
根据本发明的隔离元件4中的矿物棉薄层的密度为110kg/m3。第二层6具有71N的拉伸强度和573MPa的弹性模量。层5、6两者通过以80g/m2的量的丙烯酸胶连接。
正如从上方的曲线可以看出的，第二层6与粘合剂层9相结合显著提高了隔离元件4的点荷载强度。在0至1.5毫米之间的小变形区域中两个元件(根据本发明的薄层和隔离元件)表现出弹性特性，但是根据本发明的隔离元件承受更高的荷载，这意味着与现有技术中已知的薄层相比，该隔离元件具有更高的弹性模量。
在1.5至12mm的区域内，根据本发明的隔离元件4与现有技术已知的薄层相比要坚固得多。点荷载强度的这些改进，尤其是在小变形时，也可以被视为改进的可行走性。
图3示出了前述隔离元件4的第二个图表，示出了与变形相关的点荷载功[j]。再一次，上方的曲线图属于根据本发明的隔离元件4，而下方的曲线图(虚线)属于根据现有技术的薄层。
本发明证明隔离元件4的可行走性跟荷载与人在隔离元件4上行走时发生的变形的乘积有关。相应的荷载也可以描述为力和作为位移的变形。
点荷载和变形的乘积是基于如下一般方程的功：
功＝力x位移
更高的功意味着更好的步行性。特别是对于0到10mm范围内的变形或高达800N的点荷载，这很重要。在根据图3的曲线图(虚线)中，示出了与图2中的前一个曲线图相同的薄层的功。
正如从根据本发明的隔离元件4的曲线图可以看出的，其在5mm变形后的功比现有技术高约25％，在10mm变形后的功比现有技术的高约80％。这显著提高了步行性。
这样的结果甚至可以通过使用密度为85kg/m3的薄层来实现，如图4和图5所示。所有其他参数与图2和图3的参数相同。
点荷载测量根据欧洲标准EN12430:2013，“用于建筑应用的隔热产品-点荷载下行为的测定”进行。
附图标记
1 屋顶
2 支撑件
3 水汽控制层
4 隔离元件
5 层
6 层
7 面
8 面
9 粘合剂
10 区域
11 区域

Claims (9)

1.用于平屋顶或平斜屋顶隔热和/或隔音的隔离元件，包括由矿物棉，尤其是石棉制成的第一层和由至少一种织物，尤其是棉网制成的第二层，其中第二层通过粘合剂固定于第一层的主表面，其中
第一层由其纤维取向主要垂直于第二层的主表面的至少一个薄层制成，并且第一层包含固化的粘结剂，其特征在于，
所述粘合剂部分地布置在紧靠朝向第二层的第一层的主表面的纤维之间的区域和紧靠朝向第一层的第二层的主表面的区域中，使得粘合剂以这样的方式连接第一层和第二层：垂直于第二层指向的力能够通过第二层与粘合剂结合的拉伸强度和/或第一层纤维的挠曲来补偿，引起的最大变形为小于等于第一层和第二层厚度的5%，并且其中粘合剂以60g/m2至400g/m2之间的量，优选100g/m2至250g/m2之间的量，更优选150g/m2的量，在第一层和第二层之间提供。
2.根据权利要求1所述的隔离元件，
其特征在于，
所述第二层由玻璃棉网制成，优选具有450至900MPa、优选500至800MPa的弹性模量和/或50至110N之间、优选70至90N之间的拉伸强度。
3.根据权利要求1所述的隔离元件，
其特征在于，
所述第二层能通过喷射火焰连接到沥青防水膜或通过冷胶合连接到膜。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的隔离元件，
其特征在于，
所述粘合剂选自三聚氰胺脲醛，优选为双组分胶、水性丙烯酸胶、酚醛粉末粘合剂、水性氯丁橡胶泡沫胶、聚酰胺基粉末胶、聚氨酯胶，优选为二组分胶，聚氨酯湿固化胶或硅烷改性粘合剂，优选为单组分湿固化胶。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的隔离元件，
其特征在于，
干法施加的粘合剂，优选酚醛粉末粘合剂或聚酰胺基粉末胶，以60g/m2至250g/m2之间的量，优选地以80g/m2至150g/m2之间的量布置在第一层和第二层之间。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的隔离元件，
其特征在于，
在第一层和第二层之间整面地提供粘合剂。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的隔离元件，
其特征在于，
由矿物纤维和粘结剂制成的所述第一层的堆积密度为80至 120 kg/m3，抗压强度50 至130 kPa之间，所述粘结剂优选地以3至7wt.-％之间的量存在。
8.用于制造根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的隔离元件的方法，
其特征在于，
由其纤维取向主要垂直于第二层的主表面的至少一个薄层制成并且包括矿物纤维和固化的粘结剂的第一层通过粘合剂连接到第二层，该粘合剂部分地布置在紧靠朝向第二层的主表面的第一层的主表面的纤维之间的区域和紧靠朝向第一层的第二层的主表面的区域中，使得粘合剂以这样的方式连接第一层和第二层：垂直于第二层指向的力能够通过第二层与粘合剂结合的拉伸强度和/或第一层纤维的挠曲来补偿，引起的最大变形为小于等于第一层和第二层厚度的5%，其中在连接两层之前将粘合剂施加到第一层和/或第二层，其后固化粘合剂，其中粘合剂以60g/m2至400g/m2之间的量，优选100g/m2至250g/m2之间的量，更优选150g/m2的量，在第一层和第二层之间提供。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法，
其特征在于，
在将第二层布置在第一层上之前，将粘合剂布置在第一层和/或第二层的主表面上，从而将粘合剂压入第一层和/或第二层的孔隙中，其中粘合剂在连接两层之后固化。
CN202080018892.1A 2019-04-05 2020-04-02 用于平屋顶或平斜屋顶的隔热和/或隔音的隔离元件以及制造隔离元件的方法 Active CN113544350B (zh)

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