CN113541654A - Ultrafast slope scanning pulse generation circuit and generation method - Google Patents
Ultrafast slope scanning pulse generation circuit and generation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113541654A CN113541654A CN202110866470.6A CN202110866470A CN113541654A CN 113541654 A CN113541654 A CN 113541654A CN 202110866470 A CN202110866470 A CN 202110866470A CN 113541654 A CN113541654 A CN 113541654A
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- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
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- H03K4/00—Generating pulses having essentially a finite slope or stepped portions
- H03K4/94—Generating pulses having essentially a finite slope or stepped portions having trapezoidal shape
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ultrafast slope scanning pulse generating circuit and a generating method, wherein the method comprises the following steps: when the first MOSFET switching tube Q1 is turned on, the voltage-controlled current source VCCS charges and discharges the equivalent capacitor C1 of the deflection plate to obtain a ramp scanning pulse having fast front and back edges; the slope of the slope scanning pulse with the rapid front edge and the rapid back edge is adjusted by adjusting the magnitude of the charging current of the constant current source. The invention adopts a brand new design based on MOSFET, and the ultrafast ramp pulse generated by the invention has high linearity (the linear interval can reach 96 percent), thereby solving the problems of large pulse delay, high requirements on withstand voltage amplitude of circuits and components and limited pulse repetition working frequency of the traditional circuit, having compact structure, and being capable of adjusting gears (ramp pulse slope) according to requirements, thereby not being limited by product and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ultrafast slope electric pulse generation, in particular to a novel ultrafast slope scanning pulse circuit, an ultrafast slope scanning pulse generation method and a slope adjustment control method.
Background
The ultrafast phenomenon (duration less than 1 μ s) occurs widely in natural or scientific technical research. For example, photosynthesis processes of plants, electric pulses generated by very large scale integrated circuits, carrier lifetimes of semiconductor materials, ultrafast photoexcited state relaxation processes in laser materials, molecular dynamics processes of chemical reactions, fluorescence emissions of biological materials, durations of ultrashort laser pulses generated by lasers, physical processes of interactions between intense light and substances, and the like are in the range of picoseconds to femtoseconds, even attosecond. Therefore, the ultra-fast phenomenon research has important significance in the research and technical fields of natural science, energy, materials, biology, photophysics, photochemistry, laser technology, intense photophysics, high-energy physics and the like.
The streak camera can simultaneously provide three-dimensional ultrafast information including one-dimensional space (or spectrum), one-dimensional intensity and one-dimensional time of the ultrafast process. The streak camera is used as the only ultrafast phenomenon linear diagnosis tool with high space-time resolution at present, plays a role which is difficult to replace in the research of the ultrafast phenomenon with time resolution, and is a necessary means for realizing the detection of the microscopic and ultrafast processes. The stripe camera mainly comprises an input optical system, a stripe image converter, an industrial control and power supply module, a scanning module, an image intensifier and coupling system, image acquisition and analysis and the like.
The principle of operation of the stripe camera system is shown in figure 1. The light signal pulse to be measured is imaged to the cathode of the streak tube through the optical slit and the input optical system. The light pulse reaching the photocathode respectively contains different time, space and intensity information, and after the light pulse information is converted into an electron beam sequence with the same characteristic information as the light pulse sequence through photoelectric conversion, the electron beam sequence is accelerated, modulated and deflected through an electron optical system and then bombards a fluorescent screen to display images with different time and space information. When the electron beams generated by the light pulse at different moments pass through the deflection electrode of the fringe image converter tube deflection system, the deflection electrode applies oblique wave high-voltage electric pulses triggered synchronously with incident light signals to realize high-speed scanning of the electron beams arriving at different moments, so that the electron beams are incident on a fluorescent screen at different positions away from a central line in the vertical direction, and the electronic pulse signals are converted into light signal images by fluorescent substances. Therefore, on the fluorescent screen, the first pulse image to be measured will be imaged at a position above the fluorescent screen, and the other pulse signals to be measured are arranged from top to bottom in sequence, in other words, the vertical direction corresponds to a time axis. The different brightness information of the image on the fluorescent screen corresponds to the intensity of the light pulse signal to be measured, and the horizontal direction of the image of the fluorescent screen corresponds to the spatial position information of the light pulse to be measured. Thus, a streak camera is an imaging instrument that can simultaneously detect temporal, spatial, intensity, etc. information. The working essence of the stripe camera is that ultrafast ramp pulses applied to a deflection electrode are utilized to scan and deflect electrons, so that the photoelectron time-space information conversion is completed, and ultrafast time resolution is realized; the size and deflection sensitivity of the imaging unit of the fringe image converter tube determine the amplitude of the scanning pulse, so that the slope of the ultrafast slope pulse determines the scanning time gear of the camera, the limit time resolution of the camera is further determined, and the linearity of the ultrafast slope pulse also directly influences the time resolution precision of the final fringe camera. Therefore, the generation of the ultrafast ramp electrical pulse in the scanning module is used as a key core technology of the streak camera, and the slope, nonlinearity, shaking, delay and the like of the ultrafast ramp electrical pulse play a role in determining the overall performance of the streak camera.
A conventional scan pulse generating circuit and timing principle are shown in fig. 2. The high-voltage ramp pulse is generated by mainly utilizing the avalanche effect of a transistor and an integrating circuit formed by resistance-capacitance elements. Although the avalanche transistor can obtain the pulse with fast edge, under the frequent impact of large current, the service life of the component is greatly reduced, and in addition, under the dissipation power consumption allowed by the avalanche transistor, under the high repetition frequency, the switching loss of the pulse generating circuit of the avalanche transistor is increased, so the repetition frequency is not high generally. The high-voltage pulse is converted into a required ramp pulse after passing through a pulse shaping circuit formed by a resistance-capacitance element, but the linearity of the pulse shaping circuit is greatly influenced by a resistor and a capacitor in the circuit, and the dispersibility of the resistor and the capacitor can cause the change of the linearity and the slope, further cause the change of the scanning speed, so that the matching of the pulse shaping circuit is complicated. Particularly when there is parasitic inductance in the loop, RLC oscillations can occur, which can make matching more complicated.
In the ultrafast ramp high-voltage pulse generated by the conventional transistor avalanche and resistance-capacitance discharge principle, as illustrated in fig. 3, at the initial stage and the later stage of trigger discharge, the linearity of the ramp high-voltage pulse is poor, and in order to obtain better time resolution accuracy, a region with better linearity must be selected as a scanning working region, so that the delay of the circuit is greatly increased. In addition, in order to obtain a certain linear interval, the input voltage has to be increased to select a linear working area, the pulse amplitude is even 3-5 times as high as that of the required linear working area, so that the withstand voltage value of required components is increased, finally cascaded switching devices are increased, the repetition frequency of the switching devices is severely limited, the switching devices are mostly used as single pulses, and the pulse repetition frequency is difficult to work. And moreover, the adjustment of the slope (corresponding to the gear of the camera) of the ultrafast ramp pulse is determined in advance according to the required design, each gear corresponds to one scanning box, and the volume of the scanning module limits the number of scanning gears.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides an ultrafast ramp scanning pulse generating circuit and a generating method thereof, which are used for solving the problems in the background technology.
The embodiment of the invention provides an ultrafast slope scanning pulse generating circuit, which comprises: the ultrafast slope scanning pulse generation circuit is included in a scanning module of the streak camera;
the ultrafast ramp scanning pulse generating circuit includes: a charging circuit and a discharging circuit;
the charging circuit includes: the first MOSFET switch tube Q1 and the voltage-controlled current source VCCS are grounded in series, a series circuit formed by the first MOSFET switch tube Q1 and the voltage-controlled current source VCCS is grounded in parallel with the second MOSFET switch tube Q2 respectively, and a series circuit formed by a resistor R1, an inductor L1 and an equivalent capacitor C1 of a deflection plate which are sequentially connected in series is grounded in parallel;
the discharge circuit includes: the third MOSFET switching tube Q3 is grounded in series with the constant current source, a series circuit formed by the third MOSFET switching tube Q3 and the constant current source is grounded in parallel with the second MOSFET switching tube Q2 respectively, and a series circuit formed by a resistor R1, an inductor L1 and an equivalent capacitor C1 which are sequentially connected in series is grounded in parallel;
when the first MOSFET switching tube Q1 is turned on, the voltage-controlled current source VCCS charges and discharges the equivalent capacitor C1 of the deflection plate, and a ramp scanning pulse with fast front and back edges is obtained.
Further, the ultrafast ramp scan pulse generating circuit further includes:
the slope of the slope scanning pulse with the rapid front edge and the rapid back edge is adjusted by adjusting the magnitude of the charging current of the constant current source.
Further, the manner of adjusting the magnitude of the charging current of the constant current source includes any one of the following manners:
the charging current of the constant current source is adjusted by changing the voltage of the voltage-controlled current source VCCS;
the charging current of the constant current source is adjusted by changing the frequency of the voltage-controlled current source VCCS;
the charging current of the constant current source is adjusted by changing the duty ratio of the voltage-controlled current source VCCS.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a method for generating the ultrafast slope scanning pulse of the stripe camera, which is based on the ultrafast slope scanning pulse generating circuit and is included in the scanning module of the stripe camera;
when the first MOSFET switching tube Q1 is turned on, the voltage-controlled current source VCCS charges and discharges the equivalent capacitor C1 of the deflection plate to obtain a ramp scanning pulse having fast front and back edges;
wherein, the ultrafast slope scanning pulse generating circuit includes: a charging circuit and a discharging circuit;
the charging circuit includes: the first MOSFET switch tube Q1 and the voltage-controlled current source VCCS are grounded in series, a series circuit formed by the first MOSFET switch tube Q1 and the voltage-controlled current source VCCS is grounded in parallel with the second MOSFET switch tube Q2 respectively, and a series circuit formed by a resistor R1, an inductor L1 and an equivalent capacitor C1 of a deflection plate which are sequentially connected in series is grounded in parallel;
the discharge circuit includes: the third MOSFET switch tube Q3 is grounded in series with the constant current source, the series circuit composed of the third MOSFET switch tube Q3 and the constant current source is grounded in parallel with the second MOSFET switch tube Q2, and the series circuit composed of the resistor R1, the inductor L1 and the equivalent capacitor C1 of the deflection plate which are connected in series in sequence is grounded in parallel.
Further, the method for generating ultrafast ramp scanning pulse of a streak camera provided by the embodiment of the present invention further includes:
the slope of the slope scanning pulse with the rapid front edge and the rapid back edge is adjusted by adjusting the magnitude of the charging current of the constant current source.
Further, the manner of adjusting the magnitude of the charging current of the constant current source includes any one of the following manners:
the charging current of the constant current source is adjusted by changing the voltage of the voltage-controlled current source VCCS;
the charging current of the constant current source is adjusted by changing the frequency of the voltage-controlled current source VCCS;
the charging current of the constant current source is adjusted by changing the duty ratio of the voltage-controlled current source VCCS.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention utilizes the controllable constant current source to charge and discharge the equivalent capacitance of the deflection plate during the conduction period of the switch tube to obtain the slope pulse with rapid front and back edges, and realizes the control of the magnitude of the constant current charging current by controlling the voltage of the voltage-controlled current source, thereby realizing the real-time regulation of the slope pulse. The ultra-fast ramp pulse generated by the invention has high linearity (the linear interval can reach 96 percent) based on a brand-new MOSFET design, thereby solving the problems of large pulse delay, high requirements on withstand voltage amplitude of circuits and components and limited pulse repetition working frequency of the traditional circuit, having compact structure, and being free from volume limitation due to the fact that gears (ramp pulse slope) can be adjusted according to requirements.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an imaging principle of a general scanning fringe camera according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a conventional scan high voltage pulse generation and integration circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating exemplary test results of a conventional ramp pulse according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4a is a schematic diagram of a charging circuit of the MOSFET-based ultrafast ramp scan pulse generating circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4b is a schematic diagram of a discharge circuit of the MOSFET-based ultrafast ramp pulse generating circuit according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a slope adjustment of an ultrafast ramp scan pulse circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of ultrafast ramp pulse operation according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7a shows the results of a novel single pulse-per-second test provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7b is a verification test result of a novel adjustable second-pulse-width-sweep slope experiment provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7c shows the result of the novel repeatable frequency test according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Aiming at the problems of large time delay, high voltage amplitude required by circuits and components, high working difficulty of repetition frequency of ramp pulses and limited gear modules of the conventional transistor avalanche and resistance-capacitance discharge generated ultrafast ramp pulses of the conventional stripe camera, the embodiment of the invention provides an ultrafast ramp scanning pulse generating circuit, which comprises: a charging circuit and a discharging circuit.
The charging circuit includes: the first MOSFET switch tube Q1 and the voltage-controlled current source VCCS are grounded in series, a series circuit formed by the first MOSFET switch tube Q1 and the voltage-controlled current source VCCS is grounded in parallel with the second MOSFET switch tube Q2 respectively, and a series circuit formed by a resistor R1, an inductor L1 and an equivalent capacitor C1 of a deflection plate which are sequentially connected in series is grounded in parallel;
the discharge circuit includes: the third MOSFET switch tube Q3 is grounded in series with the constant current source, the series circuit composed of the third MOSFET switch tube Q3 and the constant current source is grounded in parallel with the second MOSFET switch tube Q2, and the series circuit composed of the resistor R1, the inductor L1 and the equivalent capacitor C1 of the deflection plate which are connected in series in sequence is grounded in parallel.
The schematic diagram of the circuit structure is shown in fig. 4 a. When the switching tube Q1 is turned on, the high-voltage-controlled current source charges the equivalent capacitor C1 of the deflection plate, and as can be seen from the capacitance characteristic I ═ C × dV/dt, the voltage across the capacitor rises linearly under the action of the constant current source. Similarly, as shown in fig. 4b, a voltage-controlled constant current source is used to discharge the load capacitor, so as to obtain a pulse waveform with a linearly decreasing amplitude. The current of the constant current source can be adjusted by changing the voltage of the voltage-controlled constant current source, so that the slope of the slope pulse is controlled.
It should be noted that the present invention does not limit the variation trend of the constant current source with the voltage-controlled voltage, and anyone familiar with electronic circuits can change the voltage of the voltage-controlled terminal to change the magnitude of the constant current source, thereby realizing the control of the slope of the scanning pulse. In particular, the change of the magnitude of the charging current of the constant current source is indirectly realized by changing the frequency, the duty ratio and the voltage, and the invention is also within the protection scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 5, channel 1 controls the input voltage waveform of the voltage source terminal, and channel 4 is the output pulse of the ramp pulse generating circuit. It can be seen from the figure that when the voltage of the voltage-controlled current source is linearly increased (CH1), the current of the constant current source is increased, and the slope of the generated ramp pulse is also increased, so that the slope of the ramp pulse can be controlled by controlling the voltage of the voltage-controlled current source, and the scanning speed can be arbitrarily adjusted. Based on the same principle, the equivalent capacitor of the deflection plate can be discharged by controlling the voltage of the voltage-controlled current source terminal, so that the adjustment of the falling edge of the ramp pulse can be realized.
The specific implementation method comprises the following steps:
the ultrafast ramp scanning pulse of the present invention is used as the core of the scanning module, the working embodiment of the ramp scanning pulse is shown in fig. 6, and the ultrafast ramp scanning working of the present invention mainly comprises the following processes:
the trigger signal is firstly input into the pre-trigger unit, and the delay time of the camera is finished by an external synchronous machine.
The signal output from the pre-trigger unit is shaped and amplified in the flip-flop. In addition, other circuits of the camera which need to strobe the trigger pulse can also take signals from the trigger.
The shaped trigger pulse is input to a pulse stretching circuit and used as an input signal of a high-voltage pulse generator. The pulse stretching circuit is mainly used for properly stretching input narrow pulses, and the pulse stretching circuit is not needed for pulses with pulse width larger than a certain pulse.
The trigger signal is sent to a scanning high-voltage pulse generator after being shaped, amplified and broadened, and the scanning high-voltage pulse generator adopts a metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) as a switch to form a high-voltage pulse with single-side bipolar output.
The slope of the ramp pulse can be adjusted in real time through an externally set sweep rate control signal.
The circuit action process of the invention is as follows: when the program is electrified, the main control unit completes self-checking, and after no fault is confirmed, the scanning speed signal stored in the internal memory is read and sent to the scanning pulse generating unit, and the scanning pulse generating unit adjusts the magnitude of the charging current of the constant current source according to the voltage, current, frequency or duty ratio signal sent by the main control unit, so that the setting of the slope is completed. In the running process of the program, the slope can be adjusted by modifying the preset value.
Fig. 7a to 7c are examples of the present invention, and it can be seen that, compared to the conventional MARX circuit, the ramp pulse generating circuit of the present invention can achieve arbitrary adjustment of the slope, and the linearity and the repetition frequency are much higher than those of the conventional scan pulse generating circuit.
Compared with the traditional MARX circuit, the invention adopts the constant current source to charge the capacitor, and under the action of the constant current source, the parasitic inductance can not accumulate energy, so that oscillation can not occur, and a complex impedance matching process is not needed; on the other hand, the principle that a constant current source is adopted to charge the capacitor is adopted, so that the linearity of the ramp pulse is greatly improved, and the voltage amplitude and the trigger delay of the ramp pulse are greatly reduced; meanwhile, the power MOSFET is used as a switching device, and the repetition frequency of the power MOSFET is higher than that of a traditional MARX circuit.
In summary, the following steps: the invention aims to provide a method for generating a novel stripe camera ultrafast scanning slope pulse, which adopts a brand new design based on MOSFET, and the ultrafast slope pulse generated by the method has high linearity (the linear interval can reach 96 percent); the amplitude of the slope pulse voltage is reduced to be within 1.5 times of the amplitude of the working voltage, and the voltage-resistant amplitude of components required by the whole circuit is greatly reduced; the quantity of cascade devices is small, so that the ramp pulse can be compatible with a single-time and low-repetition-frequency working mode; the slope (gear) of the slope pulse can be adjusted by adjusting the voltage of the voltage-controlled current source, so that the scanning speed can be adjusted randomly, the limitation of the number of scanning gears of the traditional camera is broken through, and the determined engineering tradition needs to be designed in advance. Due to the advantages of the method, the stripe camera adopting the slope pulse scanning circuit can be compatible with the working mode of single time and low repetition frequency on the original basis, the gear user can set the gear by himself to realize stepless speed change, the scanning module has better interchangeability, the reliability and the applicability of the whole machine are greatly improved, and the stripe camera product has better market competitiveness.
It should be noted that the technology of the present invention can be used for various types of scanning cameras, including any one of X-ray stripe cameras, ultraviolet stripe cameras, visible stripe cameras, infrared stripe cameras, etc., and therefore, the present invention has good economic benefits and social significance.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed in the form of several specific embodiments, and various modifications and alterations can be made therein by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto, and any changes that can be made by those skilled in the art are intended to fall within the scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. An ultrafast ramp scanning pulse generating circuit is characterized in that the ultrafast ramp scanning pulse generating circuit is included in a scanning module of a stripe camera;
the ultrafast ramp scanning pulse generating circuit includes: a charging circuit and a discharging circuit;
the charging circuit includes: the first MOSFET switch tube Q1 and the voltage-controlled current source VCCS are grounded in series, a series circuit formed by the first MOSFET switch tube Q1 and the voltage-controlled current source VCCS is grounded in parallel with the second MOSFET switch tube Q2 respectively, and a series circuit formed by a resistor R1, an inductor L1 and an equivalent capacitor C1 of a deflection plate which are sequentially connected in series is grounded in parallel;
the discharge circuit includes: the third MOSFET switching tube Q3 is grounded in series with the constant current source, a series circuit formed by the third MOSFET switching tube Q3 and the constant current source is grounded in parallel with the second MOSFET switching tube Q2 respectively, and a series circuit formed by a resistor R1, an inductor L1 and an equivalent capacitor C1 which are sequentially connected in series is grounded in parallel;
when the first MOSFET switching tube Q1 is turned on, the voltage-controlled current source VCCS charges and discharges the equivalent capacitor C1 of the deflection plate, and a ramp scanning pulse with fast front and back edges is obtained.
2. The ultrafast ramp scan pulse generating circuit of claim 1, further comprising:
the slope of the slope scanning pulse with the rapid front edge and the rapid back edge is adjusted by adjusting the magnitude of the charging current of the constant current source.
3. The ultrafast ramp scan pulse generating circuit as claimed in claim 2, wherein the manner of adjusting the magnitude of the charging current of the constant current source comprises any one of the following manners:
the charging current of the constant current source is adjusted by changing the voltage of the voltage-controlled current source VCCS;
the charging current of the constant current source is adjusted by changing the frequency of the voltage-controlled current source VCCS;
the charging current of the constant current source is adjusted by changing the duty ratio of the voltage-controlled current source VCCS.
4. A method for generating ultrafast ramp scanning pulse is characterized in that a circuit based on the ultrafast ramp scanning pulse is included in a scanning module of a stripe camera;
when the first MOSFET switching tube Q1 is turned on, the voltage-controlled current source VCCS charges and discharges the equivalent capacitor C1 of the deflection plate to obtain a ramp scanning pulse having fast front and back edges;
wherein, the ultrafast slope scanning pulse generating circuit includes: a charging circuit and a discharging circuit;
the charging circuit includes: the first MOSFET switch tube Q1 and the voltage-controlled current source VCCS are grounded in series, a series circuit formed by the first MOSFET switch tube Q1 and the voltage-controlled current source VCCS is grounded in parallel with the second MOSFET switch tube Q2 respectively, and a series circuit formed by a resistor R1, an inductor L1 and an equivalent capacitor C1 of a deflection plate which are sequentially connected in series is grounded in parallel;
the discharge circuit includes: the third MOSFET switch tube Q3 is grounded in series with the constant current source, the series circuit composed of the third MOSFET switch tube Q3 and the constant current source is grounded in parallel with the second MOSFET switch tube Q2, and the series circuit composed of the resistor R1, the inductor L1 and the equivalent capacitor C1 of the deflection plate which are connected in series in sequence is grounded in parallel.
5. The ultrafast ramp scan pulse generating method of claim 4, further comprising:
the slope of the slope scanning pulse with the rapid front edge and the rapid back edge is adjusted by adjusting the magnitude of the charging current of the constant current source.
6. The ultrafast ramp scan pulse generating method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the manner of adjusting the magnitude of the charging current of the constant current source comprises any one of the following manners:
the charging current of the constant current source is adjusted by changing the voltage of the voltage-controlled current source VCCS;
the charging current of the constant current source is adjusted by changing the frequency of the voltage-controlled current source VCCS;
the charging current of the constant current source is adjusted by changing the duty ratio of the voltage-controlled current source VCCS.
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| CN202110866470.6A CN113541654A (en) | 2021-07-29 | 2021-07-29 | Ultrafast slope scanning pulse generation circuit and generation method |
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