CN113541131B - Automatic starting method for subsystem of thermal power generating unit - Google Patents
Automatic starting method for subsystem of thermal power generating unit Download PDFInfo
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- CN113541131B CN113541131B CN202110820947.7A CN202110820947A CN113541131B CN 113541131 B CN113541131 B CN 113541131B CN 202110820947 A CN202110820947 A CN 202110820947A CN 113541131 B CN113541131 B CN 113541131B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/008—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks involving trading of energy or energy transmission rights
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D11/00—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages
- F01D11/02—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages by non-contact sealings, e.g. of labyrinth type
- F01D11/04—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages by non-contact sealings, e.g. of labyrinth type using sealing fluid, e.g. steam
- F01D11/06—Control thereof
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
- H02J2203/20—Simulating, e g planning, reliability check, modelling or computer assisted design [CAD]
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Feedback Control In General (AREA)
- Control Of Turbines (AREA)
Abstract
An automatic starting method of a subsystem of a thermal power generating unit comprises the following steps of S100: dividing the whole set of thermal power generating units into subsystems; s200: in the starting process of the unit, the time node from the beginning of the input to the complete input of each subsystem is definitely defined; s300: dividing break points in the input process of the subsystem according to the process requirements and setting a subsystem control mode between adjacent break points; s400: according to the data record of the starting process of the historical unit, respectively calling the instruction-time curves of each executing mechanism between adjacent break points in k times of different starting processes; s500: according to the set instruction values of each executing mechanism in different starting processes between the adjacent break points, the executing mechanism instruction expert line is obtained through calculation according to the corresponding algorithm; s600: controlling the executing mechanism according to a set control mode; s700: the secondary correction executing mechanism instructs the expert line and starts again; s800: repeating S700 until the target expectation is reached; s900: the start-up is completed. The application can realize the quick, safe and automatic start of the thermal power generating unit.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of thermal power generation, in particular to an automatic starting method of a subsystem of a thermal power generating unit.
Background
Because the new energy power generation amount is greatly influenced by the meteorological conditions and has obvious periodicity according to the day, even the power generation amount almost has zero defect at night, the thermal power generation still needs to play a very important role. But the role played by thermal power generation today will be shifted from dominant power generation to frequent and rapid peaking. On the other hand, along with the continuous development of the combination of the electric power market and big data, the intelligent power plant has the characteristics of being safer, more humanized, more efficient and the like, and becomes the development direction of the future power plant. Although the existing thermal power generating unit realizes a certain degree of automatic control in the running process, manual operation is still required by personnel in the starting process of the unit. This is not only detrimental to the quick start of the unit, but may even cause a failure in the start of the unit.
By combining the two aspects, the quick, safe and automatic starting of the thermal power unit is realized, the role conversion of future thermal power generation can be met, the purposes of energy conservation and efficiency improvement can be realized, and a foundation can be provided for the full-field automatic starting technology of the intelligent thermal power unit. Therefore, the need for achieving quick, safe and automatic start-up of thermal power generating units is extremely urgent.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the application aims to provide an automatic starting method of a subsystem of a thermal power generating unit, which aims at realizing intelligent automatic starting of the thermal power generating unit still needing manual operation by personnel in the starting process at present, and can realize quick and safe automatic starting of the thermal power generating unit by analyzing data collected in the historical multiple starting process of the unit, establishing an automatic starting model of the unit based on big data in the actual starting process and repeatedly correcting the model according to the starting result of the starting model.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the application is as follows:
an automatic starting method of a subsystem of a thermal power generating unit comprises the following steps:
s100: dividing the whole thermal power unit into subsystems according to functionality;
s200: according to the starting procedure, determining a time node from starting to completely inputting each subsystem in the starting process of the unit, wherein the starting and inputting are the starting and inputting states of a certain subsystem, and the completely inputting are the states that the whole set of power generation system has reached the normal power generation operation of the unit;
s300: dividing break points in the input process of the subsystem according to the process requirements and setting a subsystem control mode between adjacent break points;
s400: according to the data record of the starting process of the historical unit, respectively calling the instruction-time curves of each executing mechanism between adjacent break points in k times of different starting processes;
s500: according to the set instruction values of each executing mechanism in different starting processes between the adjacent break points, the executing mechanism instruction expert line is obtained through calculation according to the corresponding algorithm;
s600: controlling the executing mechanism according to a set control mode;
s700: the secondary correction executing mechanism instructs the expert line and starts again;
s800: repeating S700 until the start-up procedure reaches the target expectation;
s900: the start-up is completed.
In S100, a single subsystem must include 1 or more actuators.
In S300, a breakpoint is a time point when a certain subsystem has reached a certain process requirement, where a breakpoint 0 is an open input time point of a certain subsystem, a breakpoint n is a time point when a certain subsystem has completed automatic start, and the input process of the subsystem between adjacent breakpoints is considered to be continuous, and the control mode setting between adjacent breakpoints is divided into an open loop control mode or a closed loop control mode.
In S500, the following requirements are satisfied by sub-sampling during different starting processes between adjacent breakpoints:
because of the difference of the completion time of different starting processes, the time of each starting process between two break points needs to be standardized, and the standardized time scale t si The calculation formula is as follows:
wherein t is i T is the actual moment point between adjacent break points s In order to finish the time length required by the process between two adjacent break points, m is the total sampling number in the process between two adjacent break points;
the secondary sampling process between adjacent break points adopts uniform sampling, the sampling number can be matched with the actual starting process, and theoretically, the more the sampling number is, the better the sampling number is.
In the step S500, the algorithm calculation formula is as follows:
i＝1,2,…,m
wherein C is i Calculating a secondary sampling execution mechanism instruction value for the ith algorithm, wherein k is the total number of starting processes, and C ni In order to instruct the ith actual secondary sample execution mechanism in the nth starting process, m is the total sampling number in the process between two adjacent break points.
In the step S600, when the control mode is open loop control, the subsystem is automatically started to open loop control according to the command expert line of the executing mechanism, and important operation parameters in the automatic starting process are monitored to obtain a monitored parameter change expert line, and when the control mode is closed loop control, the executing mechanism is automatically started.
In the step S700, the execution mechanism instruction expert line is secondarily corrected according to the change condition of the monitoring parameter in the starting process; under normal conditions, on one hand, when the operation condition of the executing mechanism is unreasonable, for example, when the pipeline flow is at a certain flow, the valve has a vibration phenomenon, an expert instruction line needs to be corrected, the flow interval condition is reasonably avoided, on the other hand, the operating personnel can have overshoot when manually started, so that the valve acts to and fro, further, the fluctuation reciprocation phenomenon of the monitoring parameters occurs, the starting time is increased, and therefore, the instruction expert line of the executing mechanism needs to be secondarily corrected.
In the step S800, the expert line of the instruction of the execution mechanism is corrected for a plurality of times until the whole starting process of the subsystem meets the requirements of safety and energy conservation of the unit, and meanwhile, compared with the manual starting process, the starting time is effectively shortened.
The application has the beneficial effects that:
according to the application, historical operation data of the subsystem of the existing manual starting thermal generator set is collected, the system control mode is optimized to be combined with open loop and closed loop based on a correlation analysis algorithm, the overshoot process during closed loop control is reduced, the starting time is shortened, the open loop control stage is fitted with a corresponding execution mechanism instruction expert line, and the safe, stable and rapid full-automatic starting of the subsystem of the thermal generator set can be realized.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of an automatic starting method of a subsystem of a thermal power generating unit according to an embodiment of the present application.
FIG. 2 is an expert line for a shaft seal system according to an embodiment of the present application.
FIG. 3 is a diagram of an automated drop-in shaft seal dynamic process provided by an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The application is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, a method for automatically starting a subsystem of a thermal power generating unit includes the following steps:
s100: dividing the whole set of thermal power generating unit into subsystems, wherein the subsystem is generally divided according to functionality, wherein a single subsystem must comprise 1 or more than 1 executing mechanisms, and the specific functional division comprises automatic starting of a deaerator heating system, automatic starting of a shaft seal system, automatic starting of a boiler water supply system, automatic starting of boiler ignition, temperature rise and pressure rise, and automatic starting of a unit with load;
in one specific embodiment of the step, the subsystem is a shaft seal system, the main function is to control the automatic input of the shaft seal system in the whole set of starting process of the unit, and an executing mechanism in the subsystem is a shaft seal steam supply pressure control valve.
S200: according to the starting procedure, determining the time node from the start of the input to the complete input of each subsystem in the starting process of the unit, wherein the start of the input is the starting operation state of the subsystem, and the complete input is the state that the subsystem has reached the normal power generation operation of the unit;
in the embodiment, the open input state of the shaft seal system is that the opening degree of the shaft seal steam supply pressure control valve is 0, and the temperature of the low pressure side of the shaft seal is normal temperature; the shaft seal system is fully put into the shaft seal with the low-pressure temperature of 150 ℃;
s300: dividing the input process of the subsystem into break points 0, 1, 2, … and n according to the process requirements, and setting control modes between adjacent break points;
in the embodiment, the starting process of the shaft seal system is divided into two stages, and three breakpoints are set; the first breakpoint is breakpoint 0, the starting process of the shaft seal system is started, the second breakpoint is breakpoint 1, the shaft seal system starts 50% of the total process, at this time, the temperature of the low pressure side of the shaft seal generally reaches about 165 ℃, the third breakpoint is breakpoint 2, and the whole set of starting is completed. The process between the breakpoint 1 and the breakpoint 2 forms a stage 1, the stage 1 heats a pipe through a shaft seal steam supply pressure control valve, the temperature distribution of the pipe is uneven and the difference is large during the heating of the pipe, a sensor cannot accurately represent the temperature state of the shaft seal pipe, if closed-loop control is adopted, the parameters of the valve P, I cannot be set, the set control mode is an open-loop control mode, after the stage 2 is that the heating of the pipe is completed, the system parameters tend to be stable, the automatic state of the shaft seal steam supply pressure control valve is reached, and the shaft seal steam supply pressure control valve is converted into shaft seal pressure closed-loop control;
s400: according to the data record of the starting process of the historical unit, respectively calling the instruction-time curves of each executing mechanism between adjacent break points in k times of different starting processes;
in this embodiment, the dashed line in FIG. 2 shows a total of 5 manual start-up procedures, and thus states that the valve position command expert line is not merely a 5 start-up procedure, but only 5 are shown here;
s500: the instruction values of all the execution mechanisms in different starting processes between the adjacent breakpoints are sampled at equal intervals for two times respectively, and the instruction expert line of the execution mechanism is obtained through calculation according to the corresponding algorithm;
in this embodiment, as shown in the abscissa of fig. 2, 600 points are sampled at equal intervals in the starting process of the whole shaft seal system, wherein the sample point 0 corresponds to the breakpoint 0, the 300 th sample point corresponds to the breakpoint 1, and the 600 th sample point corresponds to the breakpoint 2; the corresponding stage 1 of the valve position instruction sample point of the 1 st-300 th shaft seal pressure control valve position, namely the heating pipe stage, is open-loop control; the corresponding stage 2, namely the pressure maintaining stage, of the 301 th to 600 th shaft seal pressure control valve position command sample points is closed-loop control, wherein the left ordinate of the figure 2 is the temperature of the low pressure side of the shaft seal, and the right ordinate of the figure 2 is the valve opening of the shaft seal pressure control valve;
as shown in fig. 2, according to the algorithm formula in step S600, according to the collected historical data of the multiple manual starting processes, calculating to obtain a shaft seal pressure control valve position instruction expert line through the standardized starting process and secondary sampling; the 1 st to 300 th instruction expert lines are used as open-loop control instructions of the stage 1 to be output;
s600: according to the instruction expert line of the executing mechanism, automatically starting open-loop control is carried out on the subsystem, and important operation parameters in the automatic starting process are monitored to obtain a monitored parameter change expert line;
as in fig. 2, the shaft seal low pressure side temperature is the monitored data during this start-up process; the shaft seal low pressure side temperature rising expert line is a shaft seal low pressure side temperature change process obtained by starting according to the shaft seal pressure control valve position command expert line;
s700: performing secondary correction on the instruction expert line of the executing mechanism according to the change condition of the monitoring parameter in the starting process;
as can be seen from fig. 2, the abnormal condition in a certain manual starting process, that is, the valve position command of the manual given shaft seal pressure control valve is obviously smaller in the 200 th to 260 th sample points, which results in that the valve position command of the automatic control shaft seal pressure control valve in the stage is also reduced to a certain extent in the red solid line as shown in fig. 2, and further results in that the temperature change of the low pressure side of the shaft seal also fluctuates in the stage; on the other hand, the valve position command which is changed continuously for many times can cause the valve to swing, which is unfavorable for the safety of the valve, so that the valve opening command change is corrected into step change;
the correction result is shown in fig. 3, wherein the red dotted line corresponds to the red solid line in fig. 2, and is a command expert line before correction, and the black dotted line corresponds to the black solid line in fig. 2, and is a monitoring parameter change expert line; in fig. 3, the red solid line is the corrected instruction expert line, and the black solid line is the instruction expert line started up according to the new instruction expert line;
by comparing the black dotted line with the black solid line, namely, the monitoring parameter changes before and after correction can be seen, the temperature change process (1 st to 300 th points) of the low pressure side of the shaft seal after correction is smoother and is in a continuous temperature rise process, the number of temperature repetition is less, and the starting process is better;
by comparing the red dotted line with the red solid line, namely, the valve instruction change before and after correction, the corrected shaft seal pressure control valve has consistent valve action direction in the open loop control stage, namely, the valve reciprocating action times are reduced to 0 in the large stage without disconnection, so that the system starting time is greatly shortened;
s800: repeating steps S300 to S700 until the start-up procedure reaches the target expectation;
the instruction expert line in the step S700 is a curve after multiple correction, and the starting process meets the requirement;
s900: the start-up is completed.
Because the starting process of a single subsystem cannot be subjected to economic evaluation analysis, the embodiment takes the full-automatic starting process of the whole system and the manual starting process of the whole system as examples, and each subsystem adopts the subsystem self-starting expert control method in the full-automatic starting process of the whole system;
in a specific implementation process of a certain power plant, as shown in table 1 and table 2, comparing parameters such as manually started and automatically started outsourcing electric quantity, standard coal consumption, demineralized water consumption, starting time consumption, emission standard reaching time consumption and the like, wherein the automatically started outsourcing electric quantity (24.95 kilowatt-hour) is reduced by 9.4 kilowatt-hour (kilowatt-hour) and is about 27.37 percent compared with the manually started outsourcing electric quantity (34.35 kilowatt-hour); the automatic start-up coal consumption (343 t) is reduced by 81t, about 18.89% from the manual start-up coal consumption (429 t); the automatic start-up demineralized water consumption (2618 t) was reduced by 1548t, about 37.16% from the manual start-up demineralized water consumption (4166 t); the automatic starting time (14.5 h) is reduced by 6.3h and about 30.29% compared with the manual starting time (20.8 h); the time for automatically starting the emission to reach the standard (3.7 h) is reduced by 6.2h and about 62.63 percent compared with the time for manually starting the emission to reach the standard (9.9 h). As can be seen from the indexes, the automatic control of the whole machine set starting process is lower in energy consumption and shorter in time consumption than the manual starting process.
Table 1 is a summary of the manual start-up economic indicators for the whole set of units.
Table 2 is a summary of the automatic start-up economic indicators for the whole set of units.
The basic principles of the present disclosure have been described above in connection with specific embodiments, however, it should be noted that the advantages, benefits, effects, etc. mentioned in this disclosure are merely examples and not limiting, and these advantages, benefits, effects, etc. are not to be considered as necessarily possessed by the various embodiments of the disclosure. Furthermore, the specific details disclosed herein are merely illustrative of and are not limiting of the application, which can be embodied in a wide variety of specific forms.
Claims (8)
1. An automatic starting method of a subsystem of a thermal power generating unit is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s100: dividing the whole thermal power unit into subsystems according to functionality;
s200: according to the starting procedure, determining a time node from starting to completely inputting each subsystem in the starting process of the unit, wherein the starting and inputting are the starting and inputting states of a certain subsystem, and the completely inputting are the states that the whole set of power generation system has reached the normal power generation operation of the unit;
s300: dividing break points in the input process of the subsystem according to the process requirements and setting a subsystem control mode between adjacent break points;
s400: according to the data record of the starting process of the historical unit, respectively calling the instruction-time curves of each executing mechanism between adjacent break points in k times of different starting processes;
s500: respectively sampling the instruction values of each executing mechanism in different starting processes between the adjacent break points twice according to the set equal intervals, and calculating to obtain an executing mechanism instruction expert line according to a corresponding algorithm;
s600: controlling the executing mechanism according to a set control mode;
s700: the secondary correction executing mechanism instructs the expert line and starts again;
s800: repeating S700 until the start-up procedure reaches the target expectation;
s900: the start-up is completed.
2. An automatic start-up method of a thermal power generating unit subsystem according to claim 1, wherein in S100, a single subsystem must include 1 or more than 1 actuator.
3. The automatic starting method of a thermal power generating unit subsystem according to claim 1, wherein in S300, a breakpoint is a time point when a certain subsystem has reached a certain process requirement, wherein a breakpoint 0 is an open input time point of a certain subsystem, a breakpoint n is a time point when a certain subsystem has completed automatic starting, the subsystem input process between adjacent breakpoints is considered to be continuous, and the control mode setting between adjacent breakpoints is classified into an open loop control mode or a closed loop control mode.
4. The automatic starting method of a thermal power generating unit subsystem according to claim 1, wherein in S500, the following requirements are satisfied by sub-sampling in different starting processes between adjacent break points:
because of the difference of the completion time of different starting processes, the time of each starting process between two break points needs to be standardized, and the standardized time scale t si The calculation formula is as follows:
wherein t is i T is the actual moment point between adjacent break points s In order to finish the time length required by the process between two adjacent break points, m is the total sampling number in the process between two adjacent break points;
the secondary sampling process between adjacent break points adopts uniform sampling, the sampling number can be matched with the actual starting process, and theoretically, the more the sampling number is, the better the sampling number is.
5. The automatic starting method of a thermal power generating unit subsystem according to claim 1, wherein in S500, the algorithm calculation formula is as follows:
wherein C is i Calculating a secondary sampling execution mechanism instruction value for the ith algorithm, wherein k is the total number of starting processes, and C ni In order to instruct the ith actual secondary sample execution mechanism in the nth starting process, m is the total sampling number in the process between two adjacent break points.
6. The automatic starting method of a subsystem of a thermal power generating unit according to claim 1, wherein in the step S600, when the control mode is set to open loop control, the subsystem is automatically started to open loop control according to an execution mechanism instruction expert line, important operation parameters in the automatic starting process are monitored to obtain a monitored parameter change expert line, and when the control mode is set to closed loop control, the execution mechanism is automatically started.
7. The automatic starting method of a thermal power generating unit subsystem according to claim 1, wherein in S700, the execution mechanism command expert line is secondarily modified according to the change condition of the monitoring parameter in the starting process.
8. The automatic starting method of the subsystem of the thermal power generating unit according to claim 1, wherein in the step S800, the expert line of the instruction of the actuating mechanism is corrected for a plurality of times until the whole starting process of the subsystem meets the requirements of safety and energy saving of the unit, and meanwhile, compared with the manual starting process, the starting time is effectively shortened.
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| WO2019196488A1 (en) * | 2018-04-13 | 2019-10-17 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | Method and device for controlling household appliance to execute control instruction |
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| CN112594668A (en) * | 2020-12-15 | 2021-04-02 | 华能武汉发电有限责任公司 | Method and device for solving over-temperature and over-pressure in starting and stopping of thermal power generating unit |
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2021
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| CN102193532A (en) * | 2010-10-26 | 2011-09-21 | 上海迪吉特控制系统有限公司 | Automatic start-up and shut-down optimization control system of heat-engine plant unit plant |
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| WO2019196488A1 (en) * | 2018-04-13 | 2019-10-17 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | Method and device for controlling household appliance to execute control instruction |
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