CN113540940A - Integrated perfect soliton crystal frequency comb source with tunable repetition frequency and generation method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to an optical frequency comb, in particular to a micro-cavity-based frequency comb source with tunable repetition frequency and integrated perfect soliton crystals and a generation method thereof. The frequency comb source comprises an soliton frequency comb optical module, an output port and a control system, wherein the soliton frequency comb optical module comprises a pump laser, a control laser and a high-quality factor on-chip optical microcavity. The method of the invention utilizes the beat frequency of the control light and the pump light to generate a periodic light field for capturing optical time domain solitons, thereby realizing the uniform distribution of the optical solitons in the cavity; and the cycle number of the background field in the microcavity is changed by adjusting the position of the control light, so that the regulation and control of the soliton optical frequency comb repetition frequency are realized. The technical scheme provided by the invention has the advantages of small volume, low cost, adjustable optical frequency comb repetition frequency, high stability and strong controllability, and solves the problem of deterministic regulation and control of the microcavity optical frequency comb.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an optical frequency comb system, in particular to an integrated perfect soliton crystal frequency comb source with tunable repetition frequency and a generation method.
Background
An optical frequency comb (optical frequency comb) is a comb-like shaped spectrum composed of a series of discrete, equally spaced frequency comb teeth. Due to the ultrahigh frequency stability of the optical frequency comb, the optical frequency comb is widely applied to the fields of optical frequency measurement, ultrahigh precision time frequency standard, precision measurement and the like. At present, the optical frequency comb is subjected to a frequency chain, mode-locked laser frequency comb and an on-chip integrated Kerr optical frequency comb three-generation technology, wherein the on-chip integrated Kerr optical frequency comb has the advantages of small size, light weight, low power consumption, high repetition frequency and the like, and becomes a research hotspot in recent years.
With the increasing maturity of the on-chip soliton optical frequency comb technology, the on-chip soliton optical frequency comb has been successfully applied to the fields of optical communication systems, precision measurement, microwave technology, quantum technology, spectroscopy, optical clocks and the like. One difficulty of the application of the current on-chip optical frequency comb is that the energy conversion efficiency is high, and the conversion efficiency of the single soliton frequency comb is below 5%. An effective method for improving the energy conversion efficiency is to increase the number of solitons in the optical microcavity, however, the positions of the solitons in the optical microcavity are random, the spectral energy of the solitons is difficult to flatten due to the interference of the spectra of the solitons, and meanwhile, the number of the solitons in the cavity is also random, so that the precise control of the number of the solitons is still a difficult problem at present, and the application value of the solitons is limited. In addition, the bending radius of the on-chip optical waveguide is limited by the refractive index, and the on-chip optical microcavity with an ultra-large free spectral range cannot be directly processed, so that it is difficult to directly generate the soliton optical frequency comb with the repetition frequency greater than 1 THz. The appearance of the on-chip soliton crystal optical frequency comb provides a new solution for improving the energy conversion efficiency of the optical frequency comb and improving the repetition frequency of the soliton frequency comb. At present, the realization of the on-chip soliton crystal optical frequency comb mainly depends on the mode crossing effect of a microcavity, the mode crossing point is determined along with the preparation of a device, and the mode crossing point can not be accurately controlled in the device processing technology, so that the position of pump light for generating the soliton crystal optical frequency comb is limited by the device. In addition, most of the currently reported soliton crystal frequency combs have the repetition frequency above THz and cannot be controlled arbitrarily. In summary, the control of the on-chip soliton frequency comb has great technical difficulty, and the realization of the free control of the soliton frequency comb is a problem to be solved urgently in application.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an integrated perfect soliton crystal frequency comb source with tunable repetition frequency and a generating method thereof, aiming at the requirements of microwave photonics, precision measurement, parallel optical fiber communication systems and the like on a high-frequency interval optical frequency comb source, in particular to the requirements of an on-chip integrated optical frequency comb source with freely tunable repetition frequency.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
an integrated perfect soliton crystal frequency comb source with tunable repetition frequency is characterized in that: the optical module comprises an soliton frequency comb optical module, an output port and a control system; the soliton frequency comb optical module comprises a pumping laser, a control laser and an on-chip optical microcavity; wherein: the working wavelength of the pump laser can be adjusted through driving current, and the pump laser is connected with the input port of the on-chip optical microcavity through the low-transmission-loss waveguide; the wavelength of the control laser can be adjusted through a cavity structure, the control laser is connected with an uploading port of the on-chip optical microcavity through a low-transmission-loss waveguide, and the maximum adjusting range of the wavelength of the control laser is larger than a free spectral range of the on-chip optical microcavity; the output port is a space collimation laser output port or an optical fiber output port; the soliton frequency comb optical module is coupled with an output port; the control system is used for driving the pump laser and finely adjusting the wavelength, controlling the driving and wavelength adjustment of the laser, controlling the working temperature of the frequency comb source and tuning the position of the resonance peak of the optical microcavity on the chip.
Furthermore, the pump laser, the control laser and the on-chip optical microcavity are of a hybrid integrated structure; or, the soliton frequency comb optical module is a heterogeneous monolithic integrated soliton frequency comb chip.
Further, the soliton frequency comb optical module and the output port are coupled in a low insertion loss mode through on-chip mode field conversion and an external lens structure.
Furthermore, the on-chip optical microcavity has a negative dispersion coefficient and an ultra-high quality factor, and the threshold power of the optical parametric oscillation effect generated by optical excitation is smaller than the emission power of the pump laser.
Furthermore, the pump laser is a high-power single-frequency narrow-linewidth semiconductor laser, and has enough emission power to excite the optical microcavity on the chip to generate the soliton frequency comb;
the control laser is a narrow linewidth laser with tunable wavelength, and the wavelength adjusting precision of the control laser is better than one fourth of the bandwidth of the resonance peak of the on-chip optical microcavity.
Furthermore, the adjustment precision of the working wavelength of the pump laser is superior to 1 MHz; the adjustment precision of the working wavelength of the control laser is better than 1 MHz.
Further, the aboveThe control system comprises a high-precision temperature control module, a pump laser driving control module and a control laser driving control module; the line width of the pump laser is less than 100kHz, and the output wavelength is within the 1560nm wave band range; the control laser is a semiconductor laser with tunable wavelength in a C wave band; the on-chip optical microcavity is prepared based on a high-refractive-index glass photon integration platform, the free spectral range of the on-chip optical microcavity is 49GHz, and the quality factor of the on-chip optical microcavity is 6.0 multiplied by 106。
The invention also provides a method for generating the frequency comb source of the integrated perfect soliton crystal with tunable repetition frequency, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) initializing a control system, wherein the control system comprises the steps of stabilizing the working temperature, setting the initial state of a pump laser and setting the initial state of a control laser;
2) adjusting the working temperature of the system, and moving the position of the resonance peak of the on-chip optical microcavity to couple the pump laser into the optical microcavity;
3) adjusting and controlling the output wavelength of the laser according to the set number N of solitons to enable the output wavelength to be separated from the wavelength of the pump laser by N optical microcavity free spectral ranges, and finely adjusting the output wavelength;
4) the working temperature of the system is accurately adjusted or the output wavelengths of the two lasers are synchronously tuned until the soliton optical frequency comb is generated;
5) the working temperature of the system and the output wavelengths of the two lasers are locked, and stable output of the soliton optical frequency comb is achieved.
Further, the step 2) is specifically:
reducing the working temperature of the temperature controller to shift the resonant peak of the on-chip micro-cavity to a short wavelength until the pump laser is coupled into the resonant peak and generates an optical parametric oscillation phenomenon; at the moment, the pump laser is thermally locked at the resonance peak blue detuning position of the microcavity;
further, the step 3) is specifically:
setting the output wavelength of a control laser, finely adjusting the wavelength of the control laser to enable the control laser to be coupled into a resonant peak of the microcavity, marking the resonant peak as a pumping light and a control light to generate a four-wave mixing effect, and generating a new frequency component;
further, the step 4) is specifically:
continuously reducing the working temperature of the temperature controller to shift the resonance peak of the on-chip micro-cavity to a short wavelength, increasing the power coupled into the on-chip micro-cavity at the moment and generating a broadband optical frequency comb; until the pump laser enters the red detuning position of the on-chip micro-cavity, a soliton frequency comb is generated.
Further, the working temperature of the system is 60 ℃; the working wavelength of the pump laser is 1560.2nm, and the output power is 80 mW.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. the invention adopts an integrated technical scheme, and has the advantages of small volume, low power consumption, high stability and the like;
2. the control laser in the invention is a soliton number control laser, and the repetition frequency of the soliton frequency comb can be accurately controlled by adjusting the output wavelength of the control laser. The free control of the number of the integrated optical frequency comb solitons is realized;
3. the invention realizes accurate control of soliton positions, thereby realizing the deterministic generation of perfect soliton crystals, the frequency comb has smooth spectrum and uniformly distributed pulses, and the application value of the soliton frequency comb is greatly improved;
drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an integrated perfect soliton crystal frequency comb source with tunable repetition frequency according to an embodiment.
FIG. 2 is a spectrum evolution diagram of a perfect soliton crystal generation process of 10 solitons in the example. Wherein: (a) is a spectrogram of four-wave mixing effect generated by pumping light and control light; graph (b) shows a broadband spectrum generated when the amount of detuning of the pump light and the control light is reduced; (c) is a perfect soliton crystal spectrum diagram of 10 solitons.
Fig. 3 is an evolution diagram of the optical field power in the process of generating a perfect soliton crystal of 10 solitons in the embodiment.
FIG. 4 is a spectral plot of a perfect soliton crystal frequency comb of 1-32 solitons.
The reference numbers are as follows: 1-soliton frequency comb optical module; 11-single frequency narrow linewidth semiconductor laser; 12-controlling the laser; 13-an integrated microcavity; 2-an output port; and 3, controlling the system.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1, the re-frequency tunable integrated soliton frequency comb source provided by the present invention includes a soliton frequency comb optical module 1, an output port 2 and a control system 3. The soliton frequency comb optical module 1 includes a pump laser 11, a control laser 12 and a high-quality factor on-chip optical microcavity 13.
In this embodiment, the pump laser 11 is a narrow linewidth semiconductor laser, the linewidth is less than 100kHz, and the output wavelength is within the 1560nm waveband; the control laser is a semiconductor laser with tunable wavelength in a C wave band, and the control module is an external temperature controller and a laser driving module. The high-quality factor on-chip optical microcavity is an optical microcavity prepared based on a high-refractive-index glass photon integration platform, the free spectral range of the optical microcavity is 49GHz, and the quality factor is 6.0 multiplied by 106. The coupling loss of the pump laser and the control laser and the optical fiber micro-cavity is optimized through the on-chip mode field conversion structure, and the coupling loss in the embodiment is less than 2 dB.
The embodiment will take a perfect soliton crystal frequency comb generating 10 solitons in a microcavity as an example to explain the specific process:
1) turning on a power supply of a control system, and setting the working temperature of a temperature controller, wherein the temperature is set to be 60 ℃; the operating wavelength of the pump laser is set to 1560.2nm, and the output power is 80 mW.
2) Reducing the working temperature of the temperature controller to shift the resonant peak of the on-chip micro-cavity to a short wavelength until the pump laser is coupled into the resonant peak and generates an optical parametric oscillation phenomenon; at the moment, the pump laser is thermally locked at the resonance peak blue detuning position of the microcavity;
3) setting the output wavelength of a control laser to be 1556.2nm, finely adjusting the wavelength of the control laser to enable the control laser to be coupled into a resonant peak of a microcavity, marking the resonant peak as pumping light and control light to generate a four-wave mixing effect, and generating a new frequency component; as shown in fig. 2.
4) Continuously reducing the working temperature of the temperature controller to shift the resonance peak of the on-chip micro-cavity to a short wavelength, increasing the power coupled into the on-chip micro-cavity at the moment and generating a broadband optical frequency comb; until the pumping laser enters the red detuning position of the on-chip micro-cavity, generating a soliton frequency comb; the spectral evolution of the optical frequency comb is shown in fig. 2, and the optical power evolution process is shown in fig. 3.
5) In order to generate a perfect soliton crystal frequency comb with other repetition frequencies, the output wavelength of the control laser needs to be reset, and the steps are repeated for 2 to 4. FIG. 4 shows the spectrum of a perfect soliton crystal with 1-32 solitons.
In summary, the invention provides an integrated perfect soliton crystal frequency comb source with tunable repetition frequency, which utilizes the beat frequency of control light and pump light to generate a periodic optical field for capturing solitons in an optical time domain, and changes the periodicity of a background field in a microcavity by adjusting the position of the control light, thereby realizing the control of the number and distribution of the solitons in the soliton optical frequency comb microcavity. The scheme provided by the invention has the advantages of small volume, low cost, adjustable optical frequency comb repetition frequency, high stability, full-on-chip integration and strong controllability, solves the problem of deterministic regulation of the microcavity optical frequency comb, and has important practical value in the application fields of microwave technology, THz technology, optical communication system, precision measurement and the like of the microcavity optical frequency comb in the future.
Claims (10)
1. An integrated perfect soliton crystal frequency comb source with tunable repetition frequency is characterized in that:
the optical fiber soliton frequency comb control system comprises an soliton frequency comb optical module (1), an output port (2) and a control system (3);
the soliton frequency comb optical module (1) comprises a pump laser (11), a control laser (12) and an on-chip optical microcavity (13);
wherein: the working wavelength of the pump laser (11) can be adjusted through driving current, and the pump laser is connected with an input port of the on-chip optical microcavity (13) through a low-transmission-loss waveguide; the wavelength of the control laser (12) can be adjusted through a cavity structure, the control laser is connected with an uploading port of the on-chip optical microcavity (13) through a low transmission loss waveguide, and the maximum adjusting range of the wavelength of the control laser (12) is larger than a free spectral range of the on-chip optical microcavity (13);
the output port (2) is a space collimation laser output port or an optical fiber output port; the soliton frequency comb optical module (1) is coupled with an output port (2);
the control system (3) is used for driving the pump laser (11), finely adjusting the wavelength, controlling the driving and wavelength adjustment of the laser (12), controlling the working temperature of the frequency comb source and tuning the position of the resonance peak of the optical microcavity (13) on the chip.
2. The re-frequency tunable integrated perfect soliton crystal frequency comb source according to claim 1, wherein:
the pump laser (11), the control laser (12) and the on-chip optical microcavity (13) are of a hybrid integrated structure;
or,
the soliton frequency comb optical module (1) is a heterogeneous single-chip integrated soliton frequency comb chip.
3. The re-frequency tunable integrated perfect soliton crystal frequency comb source according to claim 1, wherein:
the soliton frequency comb optical module (1) and the output port (2) are coupled in a low insertion loss mode through on-chip mode field conversion and an external lens structure.
4. The re-frequency tunable integrated perfect soliton crystal frequency comb source according to claim 1, wherein:
the on-chip optical microcavity (13) has a negative dispersion coefficient and an ultra-high quality factor, and the threshold power of the optical parametric oscillation effect generated by optical excitation is smaller than the emission power of the pump laser (11).
5. The re-frequency tunable integrated perfect soliton crystal frequency comb source according to claim 1, wherein:
the pump laser (11) is a high-power single-frequency narrow-linewidth semiconductor laser, and has enough emission power to excite an on-chip optical microcavity (13) to generate a soliton frequency comb;
the control laser (12) is a narrow linewidth laser with tunable wavelength, and the wavelength adjusting precision of the control laser is better than one fourth of the resonance peak bandwidth of the on-chip optical microcavity (13).
6. The re-frequency tunable integrated perfect soliton crystal frequency comb source according to claim 5, wherein:
the adjustment precision of the working wavelength of the pump laser (11) is better than 1 MHz; the adjustment precision of the working wavelength of the control laser (12) is better than 1 MHz.
7. An integrated perfect soliton crystal frequency comb source as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein:
the control system (3) comprises a high-precision temperature control module, a pump laser (11) driving control module and a control laser (12) driving control module;
the line width of the pump laser (11) is less than 100kHz, and the output wavelength is within the 1560nm wave band range;
the control laser is a semiconductor laser with tunable wavelength in a C wave band;
the on-chip optical microcavity is prepared based on a high-refractive-index glass photon integration platform, the free spectral range of the on-chip optical microcavity is 49GHz, and the quality factor of the on-chip optical microcavity is 6.0 multiplied by 106。
8. A frequency comb source generation method of an integrated perfect soliton crystal with tunable repetition frequency is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) initializing a control system (3), including the stabilization of working temperature, the setting of an initial state of a pump laser (12) and a control laser (12);
2) adjusting the working temperature of the system, and moving the position of the resonance peak of the on-chip optical microcavity (13) to couple the pump laser (11) into the optical microcavity (13);
3) according to the set number N of solitons, the output wavelength of the control laser (12) is adjusted to be spaced from the wavelength of the pump laser (11) by N optical microcavity free spectral ranges, and the output wavelength is finely adjusted;
4) the working temperature of the system is accurately adjusted or the output wavelengths of the two lasers are synchronously tuned until the soliton optical frequency comb is generated;
5) the working temperature of the system and the output wavelengths of the two lasers are locked, and stable output of the soliton optical frequency comb is achieved.
9. The method for generating a re-frequency tunable integrated perfect soliton crystal frequency comb source according to claim 8, wherein:
the step 2) is specifically as follows:
reducing the working temperature of the temperature controller to shift the resonant peak of the on-chip micro-cavity to a short wavelength until the pump laser is coupled into the resonant peak and generates an optical parametric oscillation phenomenon; at the moment, the pump laser is thermally locked at the resonance peak blue detuning position of the microcavity;
the step 3) is specifically as follows:
setting the output wavelength of a control laser, finely adjusting the wavelength of the control laser to enable the control laser to be coupled into a resonant peak of the microcavity, marking the resonant peak as a pumping light and a control light to generate a four-wave mixing effect, and generating a new frequency component;
the step 4) is specifically as follows:
continuously reducing the working temperature of the temperature controller to shift the resonance peak of the on-chip micro-cavity to a short wavelength, increasing the power coupled into the on-chip micro-cavity at the moment and generating a broadband optical frequency comb; until the pump laser enters the red detuning position of the on-chip micro-cavity, a soliton frequency comb is generated.
10. The method for generating a re-frequency tunable integrated perfect soliton crystal frequency comb source according to claim 8 or 9, wherein:
the working temperature of the system is 60 ℃; the working wavelength of the pump laser is 1560.2nm, and the output power is 80 mW.
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| CN109119882A (en) * | 2018-09-30 | 2019-01-01 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | Deterministic optical soliton frequency comb generation system and method based on microcavity |
| WO2020057716A1 (en) * | 2018-09-17 | 2020-03-26 | Ecole Polytechnique Federale De Lausanne (Epfl) | Generating optical pulses via a soliton state of an optical microresonator coupled with a chip based semiconductor laser |
| CN111585158A (en) * | 2020-04-10 | 2020-08-25 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | System and method for generating mid-infrared optical frequency comb based on multi-photon absorption effect regulation and control |
| CN111969396A (en) * | 2020-07-27 | 2020-11-20 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | High-integration intermediate infrared broadband super-continuum spectrum generation device and method |
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| WO2020057716A1 (en) * | 2018-09-17 | 2020-03-26 | Ecole Polytechnique Federale De Lausanne (Epfl) | Generating optical pulses via a soliton state of an optical microresonator coupled with a chip based semiconductor laser |
| CN109119882A (en) * | 2018-09-30 | 2019-01-01 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | Deterministic optical soliton frequency comb generation system and method based on microcavity |
| CN111585158A (en) * | 2020-04-10 | 2020-08-25 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | System and method for generating mid-infrared optical frequency comb based on multi-photon absorption effect regulation and control |
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