CN113537939B - Concrete cost management and control method based on BIM and Internet of things technology - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a concrete cost management and control method based on BIM and the Internet of things technology; the engineering structure has fixed geometric dimensions, an accurate three-dimensional BIM model can be established, and then the accurate concrete quantity is counted through the BIM model. The concrete mixing station is provided with a fixed place, can perform network coverage and has the condition of automatically acquiring concrete cost basic data through the technology of the Internet of things. The concrete engineering quantity counted by the BIM model and the raw material quantity consumed by the concrete mixing station are automatically generated and collected by computer software, so that manual data modification is avoided, and the final concrete cost management and control data result is real and accurate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of building engineering concrete cost management and control, in particular to a concrete cost management and control method based on BIM and the Internet of things technology.
Background
The concrete cost accounts for a large proportion in the whole construction engineering cost, the cement and the sand stone consumed by the concrete are non-renewable resources, particularly the exploitation of the ground material can bring great damage to the local environment and the water and soil conservation, and the ecological restoration needs a long time. With the further increase of foundation engineering construction in China, the consumption of concrete raw materials such as cement, sand and stone is huge, the price is increased, and the requirement of survival and development of enterprises is met when the concrete cost is controlled well, and the requirements of environmental protection and sustainable development of society are met at the same time.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, in order to solve the above-mentioned shortcomings, the invention provides a concrete cost management and control method based on BIM and Internet of things technology.
The concrete cost control method based on BIM and the Internet of things technology is realized in such a way, and is characterized in that; the process is carried out as follows;
step 1; generating a WBS structure tree database by dividing units, branches and project according to the established three-dimensional BIM model; respectively counting the concrete quantity according to the following different parameters by using a BIM model: the method comprises the following steps of: namely, unit, subsection and item projects, such as pile foundations, pier columns, capping beams, bridge deck pavement and the like of bridge projects; the concrete strength grade: i.e., such as C10, C15, C20, C25, etc.; the concrete type: namely common concrete, pumping concrete, underwater concrete, waterproof concrete, spraying concrete, sheet stone concrete and the like; picking or deriving the concrete quantity counted according to different parameters through a BIM model detail table; if the construction process is changed, automatically reckoning the concrete quantity after adjusting the BIM according to the changed drawing;
the WBS structure tree is divided according to the design drawing and the related specification requirements for the permanent entity engineering. Meanwhile, adding a temporary engineering of a non-permanent entity engineering, such as site construction, construction channels, site construction and the like, and schematic models of construction measures, such as the number of bracket foundations, tower crane foundation concrete and the like, in a BIM model structure tree; the concrete quantity of the non-permanent physical engineering is not specific when the BIM model of the permanent structural object of the design drawing is built, and only the interface for inputting data later is reserved; after the design of the non-permanent entity engineering implementation construction organization is recovered, directly adding the non-permanent entity engineering implementation construction organization into the BIM model according to the recovered design quantity;
step 2; setting up a concrete quota proportion database, namely, concrete proportions with different strength grades and different types are included, and simultaneously, the quota comprises a department issued quota, a self enterprise quota and other enterprise quota concrete proportions of the same industry;
step 3; counting the number of designed concrete by using a BIM model WBS structure tree, and sleeving a mixing proportion database, so that the number of designed concrete is decomposed into the theoretical number of raw materials such as cement, sand, broken stone, silicon powder, additive and the like; so far, the concrete quantity is designed according to the BIM detail list, and the theoretical quantity of raw materials decomposed by the mixing proportion is also available;
step 4; the WBS structure tree database divided by the BIM model is associated with a concrete mixing station control system, a field technician pushes instructions through an APP end according to engineering parts (including permanent physical engineering, temporary engineering, construction measures and the like) to be constructed, the instructions are approved through relevant departments and project management layers, concrete mixing station operators mix the concrete according to the instructions, and the concrete is transported to a construction site for pouring. After pouring, a field technician confirms the pouring quantity through the APP, and the mixing station staff rechecks the quantity. If the concrete mixing happens, the quantity of the mixed concrete is larger than the actual requirement of the site, and two modes are adopted for processing: one is to pour to other engineering positions, such as pouring pavement, bedding course, etc., and add the new pouring position in the software in accordance with normal pouring; the two possible types are discarded, and the number of the parts is singly remarked in software, so that the discarded consumption is singly counted;
step 5; by metering the raw material consumption of the mixing station, the system automatically collects the actual pouring quantity and the actual raw material consumption of the poured concrete of the engineering part. The raw materials comprise powdery cement, silica powder, powdery different additives, aggregate sand, broken stone and pebble with different particle sizes, liquid water and water agents. The system automatically collects the actual consumption of the raw materials by weighing and metering the powdery, aggregate-like and liquid raw materials; meanwhile, the system automatically collects the actual pouring square quantity of the concrete of the poured engineering part; the collected concrete and raw material actual consumption are counted according to the pre-divided WBS structure tree, actual consumption data are generated and stored in a database;
step 6; and (3) comparing and analyzing the number of the step (3) and the step (5), and accounting the raw material consumption of the engineering field management. Comparing the designed concrete quantity and the theoretical consumption quantity of raw materials obtained by the BIM model with the concrete quantity and the raw material consumption quantity actually mixed by the mixing station to obtain an engineering management and control result; and comparing with the average advanced level of industry and the average level of enterprises; generating a concrete cost analysis data result 1; industry average advanced level, for example, 2018 traffic department highway quota has different loss proportion regulations on different structural parts and different types of concrete, and general structural template pouring common concrete is 2%; meaning that for common concrete, the ratio of the actual raw material consumption amount mixed by a mixing station to the designed theoretical consumption amount is less than or equal to 1.02, the management level reaches or exceeds the average advanced level of the industry, otherwise, the management level is lower than the average advanced level of the industry; each enterprise can also set material management and control loss standards by itself. Meanwhile, the comparative analysis is further subdivided into three parts of permanent physical engineering, non-permanent physical engineering (including temporary engineering and construction measures) and project overall engineering;
step 7; and (3) further deducting the volumes of the steel bars, the prestressed steel bar corrugated pipes and other embedded pipes in the structure from the designed concrete quantity in the step (3), and counting to obtain the net designed concrete quantity. The deduction may be performed by: if the BIM model is built with the reinforcing steel bars and the embedded pipes, the volume can be directly deducted through the number of the detail list; or the volume of the reinforcing steel bar is calculated through the weight and density of the reinforcing steel bar, and the volume of the embedded pipe is calculated through the outer diameter and the length of the embedded pipe. Meanwhile, the method is consistent with the method for generating the concrete cost analysis data result 1 in the step 6, and the concrete cost analysis data result 2 is generated. Preferably, the cost analysis data result 2 is used as a main basis of the field management result check, and the analysis data result 1 is used as a reference of the field management result check;
step 8; and after the raw material inventory is carried out on the bin of the mixing station, calculating the raw material consumption management and control result of the concrete mixing station. Subtracting the stock quantity from the raw material quantity purchased by the material department, and comparing with the actual raw material consumption of the mixing station to obtain a raw material management and control result of the mixing station, and comparing with the industry average advanced level and the enterprise average level; and generating concrete cost analysis data result 3. Industry average advanced level, for example, on-site operation and transportation losses specified by highway quota of 2018 department of transportation, namely 2% cement, 4% sand and 2% crushed stone; meanwhile, each enterprise can also automatically formulate a material management loss standard; meanwhile, the concrete cost analysis data result 3 is generated in the same mode as the concrete cost analysis data result 1 in the step 6 and is used as a basis for checking the raw material consumption management and control result of the mixing station;
step 9; performing dismantling engineering, such as dismantling due to unqualified quality, design change or other reasons, and independently counting and describing the consumption of the partial materials in the WBS structural tree and the consumption data;
step 10; the mixing station material management and control can be performed according to the needs and the unit of ten days and months because of the manual checking of the raw materials, and the accounting is preferably performed according to the working habit and the management experience; and for engineering management and control accounting, automatically generating by software, and accounting according to the subentry engineering poured each time. If the ratio exceeds the specified ratio, the system timely sends the result to the project management team mobile phone.
Step 11; automatically generating a concrete cost management and control report form, and carrying out online electronic signing according to a management flow; engineering quality is also reacted and deduced from the side to some extent by material consumption; and according to the management responsibilities and the authorities, displaying the BIM visual model of the concrete cost management and control result.
The invention has the following advantages: the engineering structure has fixed geometric dimensions, an accurate three-dimensional BIM model can be established, and then the accurate concrete quantity is counted through the BIM model. The concrete mixing station is provided with a fixed place, can perform network coverage and has the condition of automatically acquiring concrete cost basic data through the technology of the Internet of things. The engineering quantity statistics of the BIM model and the raw material quantity consumed by the concrete mixing station are automatically generated by computer software, so that the artificial data modification is avoided, and the final concrete cost management and control data result is real and accurate.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a control module according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the present invention will be provided with reference to fig. 1, in which the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The invention provides a concrete cost management and control method based on BIM and the Internet of things technology, which is characterized in that; the process is carried out as follows;
step 1; generating a WBS structure tree database by dividing units, branches and project according to the established three-dimensional BIM model; respectively counting the concrete quantity according to the following different parameters by using a BIM model: the method comprises the following steps of: namely, unit, subsection and item projects, such as pile foundations, pier columns, capping beams, bridge deck pavement and the like of bridge projects; the concrete strength grade: i.e., such as C10, C15, C20, C25, etc.; the concrete type: namely common concrete, pumping concrete, underwater concrete, waterproof concrete, spraying concrete, sheet stone concrete and the like; picking or deriving the concrete quantity counted according to different parameters through a BIM model detail table; if the construction process is changed, automatically reckoning the concrete quantity after adjusting the BIM according to the changed drawing;
the WBS structure tree is divided according to the design drawing and the related specification requirements for the permanent entity engineering. Meanwhile, adding a temporary engineering of a non-permanent entity engineering, such as site construction, construction channels, site construction and the like, and schematic models of construction measures, such as the number of bracket foundations, tower crane foundation concrete and the like, in a BIM model structure tree; the concrete quantity of the non-permanent physical engineering is not specific when the BIM model of the permanent structural object of the design drawing is built, and only the interface for inputting data later is reserved; after the design of the non-permanent entity engineering implementation construction organization is recovered, directly adding the non-permanent entity engineering implementation construction organization into the BIM model according to the recovered design quantity;
step 2; setting up a concrete quota proportion database, namely, concrete proportions with different strength grades and different types are included, and simultaneously, the quota comprises a department issued quota, a self enterprise quota and other enterprise quota concrete proportions of the same industry;
step 3; counting the number of designed concrete by using a BIM model WBS structure tree, and sleeving a mixing proportion database, so that the number of designed concrete is decomposed into the theoretical number of raw materials such as cement, sand, broken stone, silicon powder, additive and the like; so far, the concrete quantity is designed according to the BIM detail list, and the theoretical quantity of raw materials decomposed by the mixing proportion is also available;
step 4; the WBS structure tree database divided by the BIM model is associated with a concrete mixing station control system, a field technician pushes instructions through an APP end according to engineering parts (including permanent physical engineering, temporary engineering, construction measures and the like) to be constructed, the instructions are approved through relevant departments and project management layers, concrete mixing station operators mix the concrete according to the instructions, and the concrete is transported to a construction site for pouring. After pouring, a field technician confirms the pouring quantity through the APP, and the mixing station staff rechecks the quantity. If the concrete mixing happens, the quantity of the mixed concrete is larger than the actual requirement of the site, and two modes are adopted for processing: one is to pour to other engineering positions, such as pouring pavement, bedding course, etc., and add the new pouring position in the software in accordance with normal pouring; the two possible types are discarded, and the number of the parts is singly remarked in software, so that the discarded consumption is singly counted;
step 5; by metering the raw material consumption of the mixing station, the system automatically collects the actual pouring quantity and the actual raw material consumption of the poured concrete of the engineering part. The raw materials comprise powdery cement, silica powder, powdery different additives, aggregate sand, broken stone and pebble with different particle sizes, liquid water and water agents. The system automatically collects the actual consumption of the raw materials by weighing and metering the powdery, aggregate-like and liquid raw materials; meanwhile, the system automatically collects the actual pouring square quantity of the concrete of the poured engineering part; the collected concrete and raw material actual consumption are counted according to the pre-divided WBS structure tree, actual consumption data are generated and stored in a database;
step 6; and (3) comparing and analyzing the number of the step (3) and the step (5), and accounting the raw material consumption of the engineering field management. Comparing the designed concrete quantity and the theoretical consumption quantity of raw materials obtained by the BIM model with the concrete quantity and the raw material consumption quantity actually mixed by the mixing station to obtain an engineering management and control result; and comparing with the average advanced level of industry and the average level of enterprises; generating a concrete cost analysis data result 1; industry average advanced level, for example, 2018 traffic department highway quota has different loss proportion regulations on different structural parts and different types of concrete, and general structural template pouring common concrete is 2%; meaning that for common concrete, the ratio of the actual raw material consumption amount mixed by a mixing station to the designed theoretical consumption amount is less than or equal to 1.02, the management level reaches or exceeds the average advanced level of the industry, otherwise, the management level is lower than the average advanced level of the industry; each enterprise can also set material management and control loss standards by itself. Meanwhile, the comparative analysis is further subdivided into three parts of permanent physical engineering, non-permanent physical engineering (including temporary engineering and construction measures) and project overall engineering;
step 7; and (3) further deducting the volumes of the steel bars, the prestressed steel bar corrugated pipes and other embedded pipes in the structure from the designed concrete quantity in the step (3), and counting to obtain the net designed concrete quantity. The deduction may be performed by: if the BIM model is built with the reinforcing steel bars and the embedded pipes, the volume can be directly deducted through the number of the detail list; or the volume of the reinforcing steel bar is calculated through the weight and density of the reinforcing steel bar, and the volume of the embedded pipe is calculated through the outer diameter and the length of the embedded pipe. Meanwhile, the method is consistent with the method for generating the concrete cost analysis data result 1 in the step 6, and the concrete cost analysis data result 2 is generated. Preferably, the cost analysis data result 2 is used as a main basis of the field management result check, and the analysis data result 1 is used as a reference of the field management result check;
step 8; and after the raw material inventory is carried out on the bin of the mixing station, calculating the raw material consumption management and control result of the concrete mixing station. Subtracting the stock quantity from the raw material quantity purchased by the material department, and comparing with the actual raw material consumption of the mixing station to obtain a raw material management and control result of the mixing station, and comparing with the industry average advanced level and the enterprise average level; and generating concrete cost analysis data result 3. Industry average advanced level, for example, on-site operation and transportation losses specified by highway quota of 2018 department of transportation, namely 2% cement, 4% sand and 2% crushed stone; meanwhile, each enterprise can also automatically formulate a material management loss standard; meanwhile, the concrete cost analysis data result 3 is generated in the same mode as the concrete cost analysis data result 1 in the step 6 and is used as a basis for checking the raw material consumption management and control result of the mixing station;
step 9; performing dismantling engineering, such as dismantling due to unqualified quality, design change or other reasons, and independently counting and describing the consumption of the partial materials in the WBS structural tree and the consumption data;
step 10; the mixing station material management and control can be performed according to the needs and the unit of ten days and months because of the manual checking of the raw materials, and the accounting is preferably performed according to the working habit and the management experience; and for engineering management and control accounting, automatically generating by software, and accounting according to the subentry engineering poured each time. If the ratio exceeds the specified ratio, the system timely sends the result to the project management team mobile phone.
Step 11; automatically generating a concrete cost management and control report form, and carrying out online electronic signing according to a management flow; engineering quality is also reacted and deduced from the side to some extent by material consumption; and according to the management responsibilities and the authorities, displaying the BIM visual model of the concrete cost management and control result.
According to the concrete cost analysis data results, including results 1-3, dividing the material loss into the standard specified range and the standard specified range, and calculating the amount of money in the concrete loss specified range and the concrete loss out of the concrete loss specified range by counting the weighted average purchasing unit price of the material departments; and automatically generating a concrete cost management and control report form, and carrying out online electronic signing according to the management flow. The amount of money outside the specified range of concrete loss is an important control object, and the reason analysis and the formulation and the implementation of the correction measures are carried out.
The concrete cost data is directly reflected through the material consumption, and the engineering quality is also reflected and deduced from the side surface to a certain extent. For permanent structure parts which are easy to be stolen and reduced in materials, such as inverted arch concrete backfill of tunnels and rubble concrete of blocking and preventing engineering, quality control results are reflected by analyzing whether the material consumption of engineering at the parts is greatly reduced. In addition, through the comparison of the design strength of the sub engineering concrete of the WBS structure tree and the strength and the type of the concrete actually mixed, for example, the design strength of pile foundation concrete of a certain bridge is C30, and the actual mixing strength possibly appears to be C25; the concrete quality control result can be reflected through the strength comparison, and if the state system appears, the warning information is automatically pushed to the mobile phone of the project management team.
According to management responsibilities and authorities, a BIM visual model for displaying concrete cost management and control results is provided: the BIM visual model of the management and control result of the multi-dimensional concrete mixing station is seen by the units of the construction project department, the main contractor department, the molecular company, the group company, the supervision department, the owner, the quality supervision department and the like in real time through software. The visual model automatically generates three-dimensional BIM models rendered and displayed in different colors through theoretical and actual consumption comparison data of concrete and raw materials thereof; meanwhile, the cost control result can be automatically generated into a two-dimensional plane graph, such as a bar graph, a line graph, a pie graph, a radar graph and the like, according to the requirement. Because of the business data involved, only the concrete material quantity consumption can be seen, but the material amount cannot be seen through data shielding for the supervision, owners and quality supervision departments of the external units.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (2)
1. A concrete cost control method based on BIM and the Internet of things technology is characterized in that; the process is carried out as follows;
step 1; generating a WBS structure tree database by dividing units, branches and project according to the established three-dimensional BIM model; respectively counting the quantity of concrete according to different parameters by using a BIM model; if the construction process is changed, automatically reckoning the concrete quantity after adjusting the BIM according to the changed drawing;
step 2; setting up a concrete quota proportion database, namely, concrete proportions with different strength grades and different types are included, and simultaneously, the quota comprises a department issued quota, a self enterprise quota and other enterprise quota concrete proportions of the same industry;
step 3; counting the number of the designed concrete by using a WBS structure tree of the BIM model, and sleeving a mix proportion database to decompose the number of the designed concrete into the theoretical number of raw materials; so far, the concrete quantity is designed according to the BIM detail list, and the theoretical quantity of raw materials decomposed by the mixing proportion is also available;
step 4; associating the WBS structure tree database divided by the BIM model with a concrete mixing station control system, and carrying out concrete mixing according to instructions by a concrete mixing station operator, transporting the concrete to a construction site for pouring by a field technician according to the engineering parts required to be constructed, wherein the engineering parts comprise permanent physical engineering, temporary engineering and construction measures; after pouring is finished, a field technician confirms the pouring quantity through the APP, and a mixing station worker rechecks the quantity; if the concrete mixing happens, the quantity of the mixed concrete is larger than the actual requirement of the site, and two modes are adopted for processing: one is to pour to other engineering positions, including pouring pavement and bedding course of the channel, and add the new pouring position in the software in accordance with normal pouring; the other is discarding, and the number of the parts is singly remarked in software, so that the consumed quantity of discarding is singly counted;
step 5; the system automatically collects the actual pouring quantity and the actual consumption of the raw materials of the concrete of the poured engineering part by metering the consumption of the raw materials; the raw materials comprise: powdery cement, silica powder and additives, aggregate-like sand, broken stone and pebble with different particle sizes, and liquid water and additives; the system automatically collects the actual consumption of the raw materials by weighing and metering the powdery, aggregate-like and liquid raw materials; meanwhile, the system automatically collects the actual pouring square quantity of the concrete of the poured engineering part; the collected concrete and raw material actual consumption are counted according to the pre-divided WBS structure tree, actual consumption data are generated and stored in a database;
step 6; comparing and analyzing the number of the step 3 and the step 5, and accounting the raw material consumption of the engineering field management; comparing the designed concrete quantity and the theoretical consumption quantity of raw materials obtained by the BIM model with the concrete quantity and the raw material consumption quantity actually mixed by the mixing station to obtain an engineering management and control result; and comparing with the average advanced level of industry and the average level of enterprises; generating a concrete cost analysis data result 1; meanwhile, the comparative analysis is further subdivided into three parts of permanent entity engineering, non-permanent entity engineering and project overall engineering, wherein the non-permanent entity engineering comprises temporary engineering and construction measures;
step 7; further deducting the volumes of the steel bars, the prestressed steel bar corrugated pipes and other embedded pipes in the structure according to the designed concrete quantity in the step 3, and counting to obtain the net designed concrete quantity; the deduction is performed in the following manner: if the reinforcement bar and the embedded pipe model are established in the BIM model, directly deducting the volume through the number of the detail table; or calculating the volume of the steel bar according to the weight and density of the steel bar, and calculating the volume of the embedded pipe according to the outer diameter and the length of the embedded pipe; meanwhile, the method is consistent with the mode of generating the concrete cost analysis data result 1 in the step 6, and the concrete cost analysis data result 2 is generated; the cost analysis data result 2 is used as a basis for checking the field management result, and the analysis data result 1 is used as a reference for checking the field management result;
step 8; after raw material inventory is carried out on a mixing station bin, calculating a raw material consumption management and control result of the concrete mixing station; subtracting the stock quantity from the raw material quantity purchased by the material department, and comparing with the actual raw material consumption of the mixing station to obtain a raw material management and control result of the mixing station, and comparing with the industry average advanced level and the enterprise average level; generating a concrete cost analysis data result 3; the average advanced level of industry comprises that the on-site operation and transportation loss specified by the highway quota of the 2018 department of transportation is 2 percent of cement, 4 percent of sand and 2 percent of broken stone; or, each enterprise makes material management and control loss standard by itself; meanwhile, the concrete cost analysis data result 3 is generated in the same mode as the concrete cost analysis data result 1 in the step 6 and is used as a basis for checking the raw material consumption management and control result of the mixing station;
step 9; dismantling engineering occurs, dismantling is caused by unqualified quality, design change or other reasons, and the material consumption of the part is counted independently in WBS structural tree and consumption data and is described;
step 10; the mixing station material management and control is carried out according to the needs and the unit of ten days and months because of the manual checking of the raw materials; for engineering management and control accounting, automatically generating by software, and accounting according to each poured subentry engineering;
if the ratio exceeds the specified ratio, the system timely sends the result to a project management team mobile phone;
step 11; automatically generating a concrete cost management and control report form, and carrying out online electronic signing according to a management flow; reacting and deducing engineering quality through material consumption; and according to the management responsibilities and the authorities, displaying the BIM visual model of the concrete cost management and control result.
2. The concrete cost control method based on BIM and Internet of things technology according to claim 1, which is characterized in that; step 1 also includes the following operations; the WBS structure tree is divided according to the design drawing and the related specification requirements for the permanent entity engineering; meanwhile, adding a temporary engineering of a non-permanent entity engineering and a schematic model of construction measures in a BIM model structure tree, wherein the temporary engineering comprises site construction, construction channels and site construction, and the construction measures comprise the number of bracket foundations and tower crane foundation concrete; the concrete quantity of the non-permanent physical engineering is not specific when the BIM model of the permanent structural object of the design drawing is built, and only the interface for inputting data later is reserved; after the design of the non-permanent entity engineering implementation construction organization is approved, the non-permanent entity engineering implementation construction organization is directly added into the BIM model according to the approved design quantity.
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