CN113537793A - Method for ecological hydrological zoning of drainage basin - Google Patents
Method for ecological hydrological zoning of drainage basin Download PDFInfo
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- CN113537793A CN113537793A CN202110828029.9A CN202110828029A CN113537793A CN 113537793 A CN113537793 A CN 113537793A CN 202110828029 A CN202110828029 A CN 202110828029A CN 113537793 A CN113537793 A CN 113537793A
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of ecological environment, in particular to a method for ecological hydrological zoning of a drainage basin. The method can be applied to analysis of medium and small rivers in a large number of mountain areas, reveals difference and similarity of ecological hydrological feature spaces of the drainage basin and influence of human activities, and can guide the development of regions with different ecological hydrological features according to local conditions.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of ecological environment, in particular to a method for ecological hydrological zoning of a drainage basin.
Background
The geographical differentiation is one of the geographical core research directions, and the water ecological function partition is the development and application of the geographical partition to the ecological environment field. The management based on the water ecological subareas is the trend of watershed water environment management, and the watershed water ecological function subareas are the basis for establishing novel Chinese water environment management.
The ecological hydrological partition is based on objective knowledge of the ecological hydrological system in the drainage basin, and the similarity and difference rules of the natural ecological hydrological system in the drainage basin and the interference rules of human activities on the ecological hydrological system in the drainage basin are used as partition bases for partitioning ecological hydrological space units. The ecological hydrological comprehensive division of the drainage basin is an important basis for regional resource development and disaster prevention, and is the basis for scientific regulation and control of the ecological hydrological system of the drainage basin.
The ecological hydrological zoning research is applied to the river level at first, the existing ecological hydrological zoning research mainly focuses on the scale of the country, the large watershed or the province and the market, the achievement focuses on the large-scale space characteristic, the time scale of the specific management target in the river is obviously larger, especially for the watershed scale of the large gradient environment, an ecological hydrological comprehensive index system under a water-soil-gas-biological full chain is lacked, and the concept of the mountain-water forest field lake and grass life community cannot be fully embodied. At present, similar analysis on medium and small rivers in a large number of mountain areas in China is lacked, and particularly, the application of ecological regulation and control strategies for water resource bearing and utilization in mountain areas, national soil space planning, scientific construction of ecological safety patterns and regional development is lacked due to the result of ecological hydrologic zoning.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a method for ecological hydrological zoning of a drainage basin, which has the following specific technical scheme:
a method for ecological hydrological zoning of a drainage basin comprises the steps of carrying out quantitative grading on indexes in a landform index set, an ecological factor index set, a climate hydrological index set and a human activity index set, then converting the indexes into grid data, carrying out normalized weighted superposition, calculating to obtain an ecological hydrological index E, and carrying out ecological hydrological zoning according to a distance standard difference multiple of the ecological hydrological index E; the above-mentioned
W is the weight of the index, R is the raster data after the index is converted, and j is the index.
Specifically, the indexes of the landform index set include gradient and elevation; indexes of the ecological factor index set comprise biodiversity, vegetation coverage and soil erodibility factors; the indexes of the index set of the climate hydrology comprise vegetation coverage, soil erodibility factor K and water stress factor WεAnnual average rainfall, annual average temperature, rainfall erosive power and sunshine hours; the indicators of the set of indicators of human activity include a population density and a population-average GDP.
Specifically, the soil erodibility factor K is calculated by the percentage content of four components of powder particles, clay particles, gravel and organic carbon in soil.
Specifically, K ═ K (0.01383+ 0.51575K)EPIC)×0.1317；
In particular, the water stress factor WεCalculated by surface water content index LSWI, the water stress factor WεValue of [0.5,1]。
Specifically, the
Wε＝(1-(1+LSWI)/(1+LSWIma4))+0.5；ρnirAnd rhoswirThe near infrared and short wave infrared bands of the earth surface radiation image with the resolution of 500m are synthesized by remote sensing software for 8 days respectively.
Specifically, the biodiversity is quantitatively graded by an assignment method, and other indexes are quantitatively graded by a natural breakpoint method.
Specifically, when the multiple of the standard deviation is less than-0.5, the ecological area is divided into a low-water ecological area; when the distance standard deviation multiple is between-0.5 and 0.5, dividing the ecological area into horizontal ecological areas; and when the multiple of the standard deviation is more than 0.5, dividing the ecological area into a rich water ecological area.
Specifically, the ecological hydrological partition needs to eliminate independent speckles and isolated values.
Specifically, a small watershed is extracted by using a watershed hydrological analysis tool and is used as a unit, so that watershed ecological hydrological zoning is performed, and a value with the highest statistical probability is used as a small watershed ecological hydrological zoning value.
The invention has the advantages that: the ecological hydrological zoning method can be applied to analysis of medium and small rivers in a large number of mountain areas, reveals difference and similarity of ecological hydrological feature spaces of the watershed and influence of human activities, and can guide the development of regions with different ecological hydrological features according to local conditions.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a normalized graph of a landform index set according to the present invention
FIG. 2 is a normalized graph of the ecological factor index set of the present invention
FIG. 3 is a normalized graph of a set of weather hydrological indicators of the present invention
FIG. 4 human activity index set normalization map of the present invention
FIG. 5 is a sectional view of the ecological hydrological index of the present invention
FIG. 6 is a diagram of a small watershed extraction profile of the present invention
FIG. 7 is a watershed ecological hydrological zoning map of the invention
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described in detail by the following examples, which should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the particular examples described herein, but is intended to cover modifications within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A method for ecological hydrological zoning of a drainage basin comprises the steps of carrying out quantitative grading on indexes in a landform index set, an ecological factor index set, a climate hydrological index set and a human activity index set, then converting the indexes into grid data, carrying out normalized weighted superposition, calculating to obtain an ecological hydrological index E, and carrying out ecological hydrological zoning according to a distance standard difference multiple of the ecological hydrological index E;
w is the weight of the index, R is the raster data after the index conversion, and j is the index.
Example 2
Based on the above embodiment 1, as shown in table 1, the indices of the topographic index set include gradient and elevation; indexes of the ecological factor index set comprise biodiversity, vegetation coverage and soil erodibility factors; the indexes of the index set of the climate hydrology comprise vegetation coverage, soil erodibility factor K and water stress factor WεAnnual average rainfall, annual average temperature, rainfall erosive power and sunshine hours; the indicators of the set of indicators of human activity include a population density and a population-average GDP.
TABLE 1 ecological hydrological zoning index system for large river-crossing basin
The biological diversity mainly refers to the diversity of vegetation ecosystems, which are influenced and controlled by landforms, climates and the like, the vegetation types are rich, the ecosystems are diverse, and the distribution shows obvious horizontal zone performance and vertical zone performance. There are mainly 7 major groups, namely broad-leaved forests, coniferous forests, shrubs, meadows, grasslands and alpine sparse vegetation ecosystems.
Vegetation coverage: the Vegetation coverage conditions influence the state and functions of the ecological system such as the productivity, ecological bearing capacity, water and soil conservation capacity and the like of Vegetation in the regional ecological environment, and the Vegetation coverage is calculated based on a pixel binary model by normalizing a weighted Vegetation Index (NDVI) to represent the vulnerability conditions of the ecological system.
Rainfall erosion force refers to the degree of influence of rainfall on the soil surface layer, and is used for indicating the intensity of changes of the soil surface layer properties and positions caused by rainfall.
Sunshine hours, annual average precipitation, annual average temperature: and (4) carrying out interpolation acquisition based on data of 30 years in 1989 and 2019.
Human activities: and the density of the residential points is interpreted by means of Google earth images, and the land change survey database is referred to reflect the human settlement condition and the influence of human activities on the areas.
Average human GDP: and (5) counting and obtaining according to the regional yearbook.
In this embodiment, a large river crossing basin is selected to exemplify the method, and the specific steps include:
s1 index system construction
The partition indexes comprise indexes affecting the background (climate, terrain and the like) and indexes affecting the current situation (human activities and the like), and the current situation characteristics comprise the ecological current situation and the hydrological current situation. On the other hand, in order to aim at research, the index needs to reflect the main problem of the research area. Important ecological function positioning such as basin cascade development, biodiversity maintenance, water source conservation and the like. The method mainly constructs an index system from four aspects of landform, ecological background, climate characteristics and human activities, wherein the first two types are current state indexes, and the second two types are influence factor indexes.
S2, preprocessing data source
The data sources of the application mainly include: basic geographic data: geographic space data cloud (http:// www.gscloud.cn /) DEM digital elevation data, Nanjing soil institute 1:100 ten thousand Chinese soil database, Google earth settlement remote sensing interpretation; small watershed dividing data: identifying and dividing small watersheds based on an ArcToolbox-Spatial analysis tools-Hydrology analysis tool; weather data: national weather database (1960-; vegetation coverage data, geospatial data cloud, MODIS land standard product, MYD13Q1 resolution of 250 m; fifthly, taking the land change survey database for 2018 as a main interpretation mark library to obtain background data of the drainage basin ecosystem; social and economic data: and (5) counting yearbooks in counties and counties of the drainage basin.
All data are converted into grid data with a spatial resolution of 30m, and are uniformly projected to a 2000 national geodetic coordinate system (CGCS 2000). The vector surface data mainly comprises soil types, land utilization types and the like by means of ArcToolbox-Conversion tool-Feature to-tester, and the vector point data mainly comprises resident data by means of Spatial analysis tool-Density-Kernel Density. The space certainty interpolation of the annual average precipitation and the annual average temperature is carried out by adopting an inverse distance weighted interpolation method (IDW) to realize the spatialization of the annual average precipitation and annual average temperature. The ecological hydrological index is realized by means of a GIS superposition function. After all indexes are quantized and graded, normalization processing is carried out by means of Overlay-Fuzzy Membership to obtain an index set normalization graph shown in figures 1-4, and the ecological hydrological index is realized by means of ArcGIS Overlay analysis function based on the normalization indexes.
S3, carrying out ecological hydrological zoning according to the ecological hydrological index E
In order to eliminate the influence of multiple factors and different dimensions, firstly, carrying out data standardization on preprocessed evaluation indexes with uniform projection, coordinate systems and pixel sizes, classifying the index types into cost type (the smaller the index is, the better the index is) and benefit type (the larger the index is, the better the index is), and after grading assignment is carried out on the elevation, the gradient, the soil erodibility, the water stress factor, the rainfall erosion force, the resident nucleation density and the human GDP, the index serves as a cost index, and the biodiversity, the vegetation coverage, the annual precipitation and the air temperature sunshine hours serve as benefit indexes. Through the Raster Calculator superposition analysis of Arcgis10.2, the ecological hydrological index E formula is calculated as follows:
in the formula: minxjAnd maxxjThe minimum value and the maximum value of each evaluation sample under the j-th index are shown.
Calculating the ecological hydrological index value E through a rater Calculator, wherein the formula is as follows:
in the formula, W denotes an element weight, R denotes element grid data, and j denotes an evaluation index. The index weight is determined by a mutation series method, and the ecological hydrologic classification is divided according to the multiple of the standard deviation.
Furthermore, a small watershed is extracted by using a watershed hydrological analysis tool and is used as a unit, so that the watershed ecological hydrological partition is performed.
Example 3
Based on example 2, soil erodability (K): the soil erodibility factor is mainly calculated by the percentage contents of four components of powder particles, clay particles, gravel and organic carbon in the soil in the model. The formula is as follows:
K＝(0.01383+0.51575KEPIC)×0.1317 (1)
in the formula, KEPICAnd K represents an uncorrected soil erodibility index and a corrected soil erodibility index, ms、msilt、mcAnd orgC is the percentage content (%) of sand, powder, clay and organic carbon in the surface soil, respectively.
Example 4
Water stress factor W based on example 2ε: the water stress factor reflects the effect of the water environment on the growth of vegetation, and is calculated by calculating the ratio of the estimated evapotranspiration to the potential evapotranspiration of vegetation using empirical formulas in many studies. The calculation formula is generally complex, more input data is needed, and the proportional coefficient in the formula is limited by the area. This application is based on the water stress coefficient WεThe correlation with the moisture content of the environment is carried out by means of a surface moisture index (LSWI). Short Wave Infrared (SWIR) is sensitive to vegetation moisture content, and near infrared and short wave infrared bands have been used to obtain a vegetation index (LSWI) sensitive to moisture, so the research obtains the condition of dynamic and real-time vegetation by means of remote sensing (MODIS), and has higher practical foundation. WεThe value of (A) is between 0.5 and 1, which indicates that the environment is from extreme drought to extreme humidity.
Wε(x,t)＝(1-(1+LSWI)/(1+LSWIma4) +0.5 (4) formula (la): wεIs a water stress factor, ρnirAnd rhoswirThe near infrared and short wave infrared bands of the earth surface radiation image with 500m resolution are synthesized in 8 days of MOD09A1 respectively.
Example 5
Based on example 2, as shown in table 2, the biodiversity was quantitatively graded by an assignment method, and the remaining indexes were quantitatively graded by a natural breakpoint method.
TABLE 2 quantification and Classification of ecological hydrological zoning evaluation index
In the table: the natural breakpoint method is a statistical method for classification and classification according to a statistical distribution rule of values, and maximizes the difference between classes. The statistical series has some natural turning points and characteristic points, the points can divide the researched objects into groups with similar properties, and the break points are good boundaries of grading. Biodiversity: the study mainly refers to vegetation type diversity. Vegetation coverage:
and VFC (NDVI-NDVIsoil)/(NDVIveg-NDVIsoil), wherein NDVIsoil is the NDVI value of the pelts of the bare soil or the vegetation-free coverage area, NDVIveg represents the NDVI value completely covered by the vegetation, namely the NDVI value of the pure vegetation pelts, and the NDVI values are respectively taken as NDVIsoil and NDVIveg according to 5% and 95% of cumulative probability of the NDVI values.
Example 6
Based on the embodiment 1, as shown in table 3, ecological hydrologic zoning is performed according to the multiple of the standard deviation of the ecological hydrologic index E, and when the multiple of the standard deviation is less than-0.5, the ecological hydrologic zone is divided into a low-water ecological zone; when the distance standard deviation multiple is between-0.5 and 0.5, dividing the ecological area into horizontal ecological areas; and when the multiple of the standard deviation is more than 0.5, dividing the ecological water into a rich water ecological area, and finally obtaining an ecological hydrological index partition result shown in the figure 5.
TABLE 3 ecological hydrological evaluation grading
Example 7
Based on embodiment 1, the ecological hydrological partition needs to be reclassified and filtered, and independent speckles and isolated values are eliminated to optimize the partition result.
Example 8
Based on embodiment 4, as shown in fig. 6, for the ecological hydrological partition of the small watershed of the large river watershed, a statistical analysis tool is required, and based on the small watershed partition vector, a value with the highest statistical probability (Zonal statistics as table-priority) is used as the result value of the ecological hydrological partition of the small watershed, as shown in fig. 7.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (10)
1. A method for ecological hydrological zoning of a drainage basin is characterized in that indexes in a landform index set, an ecological factor index set, a climate hydrological index set and a human activity index set are subjected to quantitative grading, then are converted into grid data and then are subjected to normalized weighted superposition, an ecological hydrological index E is obtained through calculation, and ecological hydrological zoning is performed according to a distance standard deviation multiple of the ecological hydrological index E; the above-mentioned
W is the weight of the index, R is the normalized and weighted raster data, and j is the index.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the indices of the set of topographical indices include slope and elevation; indexes of the ecological factor index set comprise biodiversity, vegetation coverage and soil erodibility factors; the indexes of the index set of the climate hydrology comprise vegetation coverage, soil erodibility factor K and water stress factor WεAnnual average rainfall, annual average air temperature, rainfall erosive power and sunshine hours; the indicators of the set of indicators of human activity include a population density and a population-average GDP.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the biodiversity is quantitatively graded by using an assignment method, and the remaining indexes are quantitatively graded by using a natural breakpoint method.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein the soil erodibility factor K is calculated from the percentage contents of four components of powder, clay, gravel and organic carbon in soil.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein K ═ is (0.01383+ 0.51575K)EPIC)×0.1317；
6. The method of claim 2, wherein the water stress factor WεCalculated by surface water content index LSWI, the water stress factor WεValue of [0.5,1]。
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the step of determining the target position is performed by a computer
Wε(x,t)＝(1-(1+LSWI)/(1+LSWJmax))+0.5；ρnirAnd rhoswirThe near infrared and short wave infrared bands of the earth surface radiation image with the resolution of 500m are synthesized by remote sensing software for 8 days respectively.
8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that when the multiple of standard deviation is less than-0.5, the ecological area with less water is divided; when the distance standard deviation multiple is between-0.5 and 0.5, dividing the ecological area into horizontal ecological areas; and when the multiple of the standard deviation is more than 0.5, dividing the ecological area into a rich water ecological area.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the ecological hydrologic zoning requires elimination of independent speckle and isolated values.
10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the value with the highest statistical probability is used as the small watershed ecological hydrological partition value.
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Application publication date: 20211022 |