CN113534752A - 处理系统中的警报处置的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明标题为“处理系统中的警报处置的方法”。本发明涉及警报处置领域或用于提供工业工厂或处理系统中的元素的属性的领域,特别是用于可被表示为图的处理系统。为此,将处理系统表示为包含多个节点和有向边缘的有向图,其中每个节点表示元素,每个节点具有属性,并且每个有向边缘表示多个元素中的两个元素之间的关系。该方法包括以下步骤:从多个节点中选择一个节点作为起始节点;构造子图,其中子图由从起始节点的至少一个有向边缘的前向连接的所有节点组成;以及输出子图的所有节点和节点的属性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及工业工厂或处理系统中的警报处置的领域,特别是对于可以表示为图的处理系统。本发明还涉及计算机程序产品、计算机可读存储介质以及该方法的用途。
背景技术
工厂运营人员,例如操作者、过程工程师、自动化工程师或调度员经常需要得到工厂或生产过程的状态的概览,尤其是在警报或工厂运行期间处于其他关键或令人感兴趣的阶段的情况下。在某些情况下,得以更好地理解处理系统的数据和/或工厂的拓扑结构和/或工厂的过程元素的连接性可能是有用的。
发明内容
因此,本发明的目的是提供一种得到工厂或生产过程中的感兴趣的元素中的至少一些的状态或另一属性的方法。该目的通过独立权利要求的主题来实现。根据从属专利权利要求和以下描述,进一步的实施例是清楚的。
一个方面涉及一种用于在包括多个元素的处理系统中提供元素的属性的方法,其中该处理系统被表示为包括多个节点和有向边缘的有向图,并且其中每个节点表示元素,每个节点具有属性,并且每个有向边缘表示多个元素中的两个元素之间的关系。该方法包括以下步骤:
从多个节点中选择一个节点作为起始节点;
构造子图,其中子图由从起始节点的至少一个有向边缘的前向连接的所有节点组成;以及
输出子图的所有节点和节点的属性。
处理系统,特别是工业处理系统中的元素或处理元素或其元素或处理元素可以包括例如泵、压缩机、容器或压力容器、罐、热交换器、熔炉、风扇、冷却塔、阀门等。
节点的属性(表示元素)可以包括节点的“状态”,例如过程值,像温度、压力等,和/或复合值或派生值,例如“安全、严重、危险、破坏……”;这可以包括(一个或多个)属性的分类。节点中的每一个包括或具有属性。属性可以是常量或为空。属性可以包括一个属性、多个属性和/或属性的列表。
选择一个节点作为起始节点可以包括选择一个或多个任意节点,该选择可以由警报触发或激发,或者可以进行选择以获得一片信息,以便了解工厂或生产过程。构造子图可以包括沿着有向边缘从起始节点到终止节点或到已经被触摸的节点(例如在一个周期中)跟随或继续向前。
输出子图的所有节点和节点的属性可以包括示出或传送这些节点及其属性的列表,和/或执行一些后处理,例如将子图示出为带有颜色节点的拓扑图,颜色例如取决于其当前的关键程度,和/或将拓扑图示出为交互式图表,例如带有“可点击节点”,其根据要求示出属性的列表。
这可能有助于提供有关工厂或生产过程的当前状态的快速且清晰的概览。这可能有助于快速进入评估过程和/或得到快速访问过程数据,例如:通过可视化和交互式显示相关属性和/或可能与当前状态有关的另外数据。例如,通过分析哪些过程部分需要关闭或可以在安全的参数范围内运行,这可能有助于加快维修和/或在警报情况下快速做出反应。另外的示例可以包括进行效率调查,例如,如何改进热交换器的效率、事件处置,例如压缩机站中的压缩机的故障、缺陷或紧急情况的根本原因分析、和/或其他动作或用途。例如,这在工厂操作人员想要浏览工厂的生命数据,例如分析相对于给定或期望状态的当前状态时可能很有用。这可能进一步有助于明白良好指导的过程的过程拓扑。此外,对于像手动异常调查、复杂和多装置设备故障减轻、和/或根本原因分析之类的任务,可以减少时间和成本。
在各种实施例中,该方法还包括以下步骤:输出有向图的过程值的子集,其中有向图的至少一个节点的至少一个属性是过程值。输出可以包括例如在警报屏幕、分析模块和/或其他动作上显示、可视化传送、对(一个或多个)属性进行后处理。
在各个实施例中,所选节点具有与警报有关的属性。
“相关”可以包括已经由警报触发或激发。示例可能是已经变得很关键的压力增加,并且该方法示出例如对于操作者而言,该节点影响哪些元素。或者,例如,如果将容器的温度升高(即,属性)指示为警报触发,则从过程元素容器开始子图。警报可以包括诸如分类之类的复合值或派生值,例如,压力或温度的,如“安全/严重/危险/损坏”。
在各种实施例中,通过分析过程值的时间序列来提供警报。例如,警报触发可能不是当前状态,但是例如可能取决于温度、压力等的快速变化。这可以由使用一个或多个时间序列和事件分析的模块来执行,以在动态生成的过程图形中高亮特别相关的设备和过程值。
在一些实施例中,通过人工神经网络ANN执行分析。可以通过提供已知的时间序列,例如与警报相关或已经与警报相关的时间序列来训练ANN。这可以有利地有助于更容易地区分温度(等)的临界升高与非临界温度(等)的升高。训练(和/或受训练的ANN的应用)可能包括使用时间序列和事件分析,其例如使用标准异常检测方法(本地异常值因子、一类SVM、自动编码器(AutoEncoder)和/或其他)以标识应显示和/或高亮给操作者的过程值和事件。训练可以包括对历史持续性干扰(特别是振荡性干扰)的分析。进一步的方法,例如用于获得关于因果关系和定时的更多见解,是分析围绕设定值改变的变化的互相关和互熵(cross-entropy)函数,以便找出变化传播的强度以及传播所需花费的时间。互相关可能存在于一个元素中的压力增加与一个元素中的压力下降之间(作为示例)。因此,通过分析时间序列和事件数据进行的机器学习可能有助于向操作者高亮感兴趣且相关的数据点,例如,动态生成的过程图形中特别相关的设备和过程值。
在一些实施例中,过程值的时间序列包括历史数据。使用历史数据可能提供改变,以考虑关键数据的开发,因此在应用于当前情况或过程值时会考虑一片“未来”。特定地,对历史持久性干扰(尤其是振荡性干扰)的分析借助于例如互相关分析或互熵可以提高警报处理的质量。
在各种实施例中,该方法进一步包括以下步骤:输出处理系统的过程状态,其中过程状态包括以下至少之一:子图、有向图的过程值和/或过程值的时间序列。
处理状态可以是整个处理系统或子系统(例如,由子图定义的子系统)的状态的指示符。过程状态被生成,可能被显示和/或被传送。这可能包括与当前分析任务相关的过程设备、过程值、警报和事件。过程拓扑信息可以从过程流程图中导出,并使得可在工厂运行期间使用,如上文和/或下文所述的那样。
存在以下场景,其中信息会散布在许多屏幕和不同的数据源中,诸如过程历史、(一个或多个)过程流程图和/或控制系统描述。然后,操作者可能需要在示出过程的不同部分的不同屏幕之间切换,以便收集所有相关信息。因为操作者需要在屏幕之间进行切换时记住所有相关信息,所以这种切换可能会使报警分析的任务更具挑战性。在这种场景下,信息的收集可能变得很耗时、容易出错并且给操作人员带来了麻烦。这里描述的实施例可以使用计算机可读的过程拓扑信息和过程控制系统信息、遍历拓扑以识别相关的子图、使用机器学习方法,像对时间序列和事件分析的异常检测,以高亮相关的过程值和事件,或者过滤掉不相关的过程值和事件,并且可以生成具有嵌入式趋势和事件可视化的子图的特定于任务的图形表示和/或可以生成特定于任务的用户界面,诸如操作者屏幕。实施例也可以适用于小屏幕。实施例可以提供用于访问拓扑信息连同实时过程值和过程控制系统设备属性的API。提供的信息可以进一步用于警报和/或紧急情况的根本原因分析。
在一些实施例中,处理系统由过程流程图PFD和/或管道和仪表图P&ID图表示。PFD(等)可用作包括多个节点和有向边缘的有向图的基础。已经标准化用于智能P&ID的交换格式还可能还会是有用的。有利地,这提供了用于描述过程或工厂的通用格式。
一个方面涉及一种包括指令的计算机程序产品,该指令当由计算机执行程序时,使计算机执行上述和/或以下所述的方法。
一个方面涉及一种计算机可读存储介质,在其上存储有如上所述的计算机程序或计算机程序产品。
一方面涉及一种上面和/或下面描述的方法的用途,以用于工厂或子系统的效率调查、以用于访问,特别是用于快速访问以处理数据、和/或以用于元素的事件处置。这可能有助于加快维修和/或在警报情况下快速做出反应。
一个方面涉及一种工业工厂或处理系统,包括计算机,在该计算机上存储指令,该指令当由计算机执行程序时,使计算机或工业工厂执行上述和/或以下所述的方法。
为了进一步阐明,借助于附图中所示的实施例描述了本发明的实施例。这些实施例仅被认为是示例,而不是限制性的。
附图说明
图1示意性地示出了根据实施例的通过监测过程控制系统中的过程值和警报来识别问题的示例;
图2示意性地示出了根据实施例的方法的流程图。
图3示意性地示出了根据实施例的另外方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
图1示意性地示出了根据实施例的通过监测过程控制系统100中的过程值和警报来识别问题的示例。自动化监控系统110(或操作者)可以识别问题,例如通过监测过程控制系统100中的过程值和警报。这发出了代理120,以便找到与该问题有关的一些上下文和/或另外信息,例如找到相关的过程值和过程设备或元素。代理120执行对模块140的查询,以获得过程拓扑和/或另外信息。可以基于过程流中的连接性信息、来自PFD或智能P&ID图的所有元信息(例如,介质类型、管道直径、警报级别等)以及从过程控制系统导出的属性(例如,设备属性)来指定查询。然后,将有向图中与拓扑描述有关的一个节点选择为起始节点。由此,有向图被遍历以构造子图150,从而找到相关的过程值和设备标签,即节点及其属性。
所识别的过程值和过程标签的列表可以被传递到使用标准异常检测方法的(可选的)时间序列和事件分析模块160,所述标准异常检测方法例如本地异常值因子、一类SVM、自动编码器,以识别应向操作者高亮显示的过程值和事件。时间序列和事件分析还可以使用标准方法进行相关和/或互相关分析,以识别可能与所标识的非典型过程值或事件有因果关系的过程值,例如通过组合有关互相关和拓扑关系的信息。模块140和/或160的结果被传递以显示、可视化或特定于任务的用户界面160,从而提供对警报或感兴趣的状况的快速、并且在一些实施例中是交互的分析和/或评估。
图2示意性地示出了根据实施例的方法的流程图200。在步骤201中,由系统和/或操作者发送触发。在步骤202中,执行查询,针对该查询遍历与系统拓扑相关的有向图,以便构造子图。在可选步骤203中,执行时间序列和事件分析。这是为了高亮异常和/或相关值和/或过滤出正常和/或不相关值,从而有利地减少了可以提供给操作人员的信息。在步骤204中,生成特定于任务的过程和/或用户界面,其反映相关趋势、事件和警报。
图3示意性地示出了用于在包括多个元素的处理系统中提供元素的属性的方法的流程图300,其中该处理系统被表示为包括多个节点和有向边缘的有向图,其中每个节点表示元素,每个节点具有属性,并且每个有向边缘表示多个元素中的两个元素之间的关系。在步骤301中,选择多个节点中的一个节点作为起始节点。在步骤302中,构造子图,其中该子图由从起始节点的至少一个有向边缘前向连接的所有节点组成。在步骤303,生成子图输出的所有节点和节点的属性,即显示、可视化和/或特定于任务的用户界面。
Claims (12)
1.一种用于在包括多个元素的处理系统中提供元素的属性的方法,
其中,所述处理系统被表示为包括多个节点和有向边缘的有向图,
其中每个节点表示元素,每个节点具有属性,并且每个有向边缘表示所述多个元素中的两个元素之间的关系,所述方法包括以下步骤:
选择所述多个节点中的一个节点作为起始节点;
构造子图,其中所述子图由至少一个有向边缘从所述起始节点前向连接的所有所述节点组成;以及
输出所述子图的所有节点和所述节点的所述属性。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,还包括以下步骤:
输出所述有向图的所述过程值的子集,
其中所述有向图的至少一个节点的至少一个属性是过程值。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,
其中,所选节点具有与警报有关的属性。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法,
其中,通过分析过程值的时间序列来提供所述警报。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法,
其中,所述分析是通过人工神经网络ANN执行的。
6.根据权利要求4或5所述的方法,
其中,过程值的所述时间序列包括历史数据。
7.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的方法,还包括以下步骤:
输出所述处理系统的处理状态,
其中所述过程状态包括以下至少一个:所述子图、所述有向图的所述过程值和/或过程值的所述时间序列。
8.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的方法,
其中,所述处理系统由过程流程图PFD和/或管道和仪器仪表图P&ID图表示。
9.一种包括指令的计算机程序产品,所述指令当由计算机执行所述程序时,使所述计算机执行根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的方法。
10.一种计算机可读存储介质,其上存储有根据权利要求9所述的计算机程序。
11.根据权利要求1至8中的任一项所述的方法的用途,以用于工厂或子系统的效率调查、以用于过程数据的访问和/或以用于元素的事件处置。
12.一种工业工厂或处理系统,包括计算机,其上存储有指令,并且所述指令当由所述计算机执行所述程序时,使所述计算机、所述工业工厂或所述处理系统执行根据权利要求1至8中的任一项所述的方法。
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