CN113534256A - Method for establishing depth domain initial velocity model with convergence and processing terminal - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for establishing a depth domain initial velocity model with convergence and a processing terminal, wherein the method comprises the following steps: acquiring a time domain root mean square speed and a common central point gather according to the two-dimensional shot line data and the navigation data; inverting the time domain root mean square velocity to obtain a time domain layer velocity, and carrying out velocity fusion on the time domain root mean square velocity and the time domain layer velocity; carrying out time migration domain layer speed iteration on the time domain layer speed after the speed fusion so as to enable the time domain layer speed to be converged in a shallow layer and obtain an updated time domain layer speed; carrying out time-depth conversion on the updated time domain layer speed to a depth domain to obtain a depth domain initial layer speed; and carrying out prestack depth migration on the common-midpoint gather and the depth domain initial layer velocity to obtain an initial prestack depth migration profile and a gather. The method can be applied to deep reflection seismic data, guarantees the structural imaging of the deep reflection seismic data, improves the precision of deep structural imaging, and reveals the deep structural characteristics of the rock crib.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of seismic data depth domain initial velocity, in particular to a depth domain initial velocity model building method with convergence and a processing terminal.
Background
The deep reflection seismic data (data) can effectively focus the earth crust deep structure, so that the deep reflection seismic data can be well applied to a deep reflection seismic section, the imaging precision of the deep stratum structure can be better improved, and the deep structure characteristics of the rock crib can be revealed. As such, intensive and thorough research into migration processing of deep reflection seismic data is a problem that needs to be solved at present. At present, the deep reflection seismic data processing is mostly based on prestack time migration, and the prestack depth migration is hardly involved.
The inventor finds that the rock crib deep structure characteristic is disclosed in order to improve the imaging precision of the deep structure better, and the prestack depth migration-based technology can be well applied to deep reflection seismic data. Under the conditions of obvious transverse change of medium speed, large formation inclination angle or complex geological structure, the conventional post-stack migration and pre-stack time migration cannot accurately depict the change of the speed, so that correct reflected wave migration imaging cannot be performed, and pre-stack depth migration can just make up for the defects, thereby embodying the advantages of the conventional post-stack migration and the conventional pre-stack time migration in migration imaging. The results of prestack depth migration are largely affected by the velocity model accuracy, which is also much more affected than prestack time migration. The prestack depth migration mainly consists of two parts: namely depth domain initial velocity model building and tomographic velocity inversion. The imaging quality of prestack depth migration depends on the rationality of a depth-velocity model (namely, a depth domain initial velocity model), so that the establishment of the depth domain initial velocity model is very important, a reliable depth domain initial velocity model can greatly influence the quality of a migration imaging result, and if the depth domain initial velocity model is not reasonable, the migration imaging result deviates from a real position. Therefore, an optimization scheme for establishing the deep reflection seismic data initial velocity model is provided, and the prestack depth migration technology can be effectively applied to deep reflection seismic data, so that the imaging precision of a deep structure is improved better, and the deep structure characteristics of a rock crib are revealed.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, one of the objectives of the present invention is to provide a method for establishing a depth domain initial velocity model for deep reflection seismic data, which can solve the problem of establishing a depth domain initial velocity model for deep reflection seismic data;
the second object of the present invention is to provide a processing terminal, which can solve the problem of establishing a depth domain initial velocity model for deep reflection seismic data;
the technical scheme for realizing one purpose of the invention is as follows: a method for establishing a depth domain initial velocity model for deep reflection seismic data comprises the following steps:
step 1: acquiring two-dimensional gun line data and navigation data, and performing pre-stack time migration processing on the two-dimensional gun line data and the navigation data to acquire a time domain root mean square speed and a common-center gather;
step 2: inverting the time domain root mean square velocity to obtain the time domain layer velocity,
adjusting the types of the time domain root-mean-square speed above the seabed horizon and the time domain layer speed below the seabed horizon into the same type, and performing speed fusion on the time domain root-mean-square speed and the time domain layer speed of the same type to obtain the time domain layer speed after speed fusion;
and step 3: carrying out time migration domain layer speed iteration on the time domain layer speed after the speed fusion so as to enable the time domain layer speed to be converged in a shallow layer and obtain an updated time domain layer speed;
and 4, step 4: and carrying out time-depth conversion on the updated time domain layer speed to a depth domain to obtain a depth domain initial layer speed.
Further, the prestack time migration processing comprises defining an observation system, prestack denoising and multiple suppression.
Further, the time domain root mean square velocity is inverted through CVI to obtain the time domain layer velocity.
Further, the types of the time domain root mean square velocity above the seafloor horizon and the time domain horizon velocity below the seafloor horizon are adjusted to int types.
Further, the velocity fusion adopts a vertical superposition principle.
Further, after the step 4, the method further comprises:
and 5: and (4) carrying out prestack depth migration on the common midpoint gather obtained in the step (1) and the depth domain initial layer velocity obtained in the step (4) to obtain an initial prestack depth migration profile and a gather, wherein the initial prestack depth migration profile and the gather are used for evaluating whether the depth domain initial layer velocity is reasonable or not so as to judge whether the depth domain initial layer velocity can be used for deep reflection seismic data or not.
Further, in the step 5, two-dimensional kirchhoff prestack depth migration is performed on the depth domain initial layer velocity to obtain an initial prestack depth migration profile and a gather.
The second technical scheme for realizing the aim of the invention is as follows: a processing terminal, comprising,
a memory for storing program instructions;
and the processor is used for operating the program instructions to execute the steps of the method for establishing the initial velocity model of the depth domain for the deep reflection seismic data.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method can be well applied to deep reflection seismic data and provides reliable guarantee for structural imaging of the deep reflection seismic data, so that the accuracy of deep structural imaging is improved better, and the deep structural characteristics of the rock crib are revealed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a first embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart according to the first embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart of a third embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a comparison of initial prestack depth migration gather shallow leveling obtained from three examples;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a certain RMS velocity model;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a time domain layer velocity model obtained by CVI;
FIG. 7 is a graphical illustration of the depth domain initial layer velocity of the depth domain depth transition to the depth domain of FIG. 6 over time;
FIG. 8 is a schematic time domain horizon velocity below the seafloor horizon extracted from FIG. 7;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a root mean square velocity model above the seafloor horizon extracted from FIG. 5;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a time domain layer velocity model obtained by velocity fusion of FIGS. 8 and 9 according to example two;
FIG. 11 is a diagram of a depth-domain initial layer velocity model obtained according to example two;
FIG. 12 is a time domain layer velocity model resulting from the iterative update of FIG. 11;
FIG. 13 is a diagram of a depth-domain initial layer velocity model obtained according to the third embodiment.
Fig. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of a processing terminal according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and the specific embodiments.
Example one
As shown in fig. 1, the method for establishing the initial velocity model of the depth domain, which is used for deep reflection seismic data, includes the following steps:
step 11: taking two-dimensional survey lines as an example, two-dimensional gun line data and navigation data acquired in the field are acquired, and pre-stack time migration processing is carried out on the two-dimensional gun line data and the navigation data to acquire a root-mean-square speed and a common-center-point gather. The resulting rms velocity is the rms velocity over time domain after pre-stack time migration processing.
The two-dimensional gun line data and the navigation data belong to seismic data and can be acquired through field seismic acquisition, wherein the navigation data records the position information of the two-dimensional gun line data, and the independent two-dimensional gun line data does not have the position recording requirement. And after the time information of the seismic data and the time information of the seismic data are matched, the definition of an observation system is completed, so that the seismic data contain coordinate position information.
The prestack time migration processing is an existing conventional processing method and mainly comprises the steps of defining an observation system, prestack denoising, multiple suppression and the like.
Step 12: and (3) inverting the time domain root mean square Velocity through CVI (Constrained Velocity Inversion) to obtain the time domain layer Velocity.
In practical use, other inversion methods can be selected to invert the time domain root mean square velocity to obtain the time domain layer velocity.
And carrying out time-depth conversion on the obtained time domain layer speed to a depth domain to obtain a depth domain initial layer speed.
Time-depth transformation is the prior art, and aims to map the speed of a time domain to a depth domain to complete the transformation from the time domain to the depth domain.
Step 13: and (3) performing two-dimensional kirchhoff prestack depth migration on the common-center-point gather obtained in the step (11) and the depth domain initial layer speed obtained in the step (12) to obtain an initial prestack depth migration profile and a gather. The initial prestack depth migration gather leveling condition obtained through prestack depth migration can be used for visually judging whether the initial layer speed of the depth domain is reasonable or not.
In the prestack depth migration, the diameter of a migration hole is set to be about 2.5-3 times of the output migration distance, and the migration distance interval is obtained according to field acquisition parameters. In this embodiment, the offset aperture diameter is 18872.3m, the output offset range is 225 and 6248m, and the offset interval is 76 m.
In practical applications, other methods of prestack depth migration may be used, such as wave equation prestack depth migration.
Example two
As shown in fig. 2, the method for establishing the depth domain initial velocity model for the deep reflection seismic data includes the following steps:
step 21: taking two-dimensional survey lines as an example, two-dimensional gun line data and navigation data acquired in the field are acquired, and pre-stack time migration processing is carried out on the two-dimensional gun line data and the navigation data to acquire a root-mean-square speed and a common-center-point gather. The resulting rms velocity is the rms velocity over time domain after pre-stack time migration processing.
The two-dimensional gun line data and the navigation data belong to seismic data and can be acquired through field seismic acquisition, wherein the navigation data records the position information of the two-dimensional gun line data, and the independent two-dimensional gun line data does not have the position recording requirement. And after the time information of the seismic data and the time information of the seismic data are matched, the definition of an observation system is completed, so that the seismic data contain coordinate position information.
The prestack time migration processing is an existing conventional processing method and mainly comprises the steps of defining an observation system, prestack denoising, multiple suppression and the like.
Step 22: and (3) inverting the time domain root mean square Velocity through CVI (Constrained Velocity Inversion) to obtain the time domain layer Velocity.
In practical use, other inversion methods can be selected to invert the time domain root mean square velocity to obtain the time domain layer velocity.
And adjusting the types of the time domain root-mean-square speed above the seabed horizon and the time domain layer speed below the seabed horizon into the same type, and performing speed fusion on the time domain root-mean-square speed and the time domain layer speed of the same type to obtain the time domain layer speed after speed fusion.
The time domain root mean square speed type is an rms type, the time domain layer speed type is an int type, and the time domain root mean square speed above the seabed horizon and the time domain layer speed below the seabed horizon can be adjusted to be the int type.
The velocity fusion can be realized by adopting a vertical superposition principle, namely, the input velocity model data is arithmetically added according to the amplitude of a corresponding sampling point, specifically, a seabed layer is taken as an interface, the two types of velocities are added up and down along the seabed bottom layer, the result type after the velocity fusion is an int type, the range of the velocity values above the seabed layer is consistent with the range of the velocity values of the extracted velocity model above the seabed layer with the root-mean-square velocity, and the range of the velocity values below the seabed layer is consistent with the range of the velocity model values below the extracted seabed layer velocity, and the vertical superposition principle is the existing method, so that the description is omitted.
And carrying out time-depth conversion on the time domain layer speed obtained after the speed fusion to a depth domain to obtain a depth domain initial layer speed.
Time-depth transformation is the prior art, and aims to map the speed of a time domain to a depth domain to complete the transformation from the time domain to the depth domain.
Step 23: and (3) performing two-dimensional kirchhoff prestack depth migration on the common-center-point gather obtained in the step (21) and the depth domain initial layer speed obtained in the step (22) to obtain an initial prestack depth migration profile and a gather. The initial prestack depth migration gather leveling condition obtained through prestack depth migration can be used for visually judging whether the initial layer speed of the depth domain is reasonable or not.
In practical applications, other methods of prestack depth migration may be used, such as wave equation prestack depth migration.
EXAMPLE III
As shown in fig. 3, the method for establishing the depth domain initial velocity model for the deep reflection seismic data includes the following steps:
step 31: taking two-dimensional survey lines as an example, two-dimensional gun line data and navigation data acquired in the field are acquired, and pre-stack time migration processing is carried out on the two-dimensional gun line data and the navigation data to acquire a root-mean-square speed and a common-center-point gather. The resulting rms velocity is the rms velocity over time domain after pre-stack time migration processing.
The two-dimensional gun line data and the navigation data belong to seismic data and can be acquired through field seismic acquisition, wherein the navigation data records the position information of the two-dimensional gun line data, and the independent two-dimensional gun line data does not have the position recording requirement. And after the time information of the seismic data and the time information of the seismic data are matched, the definition of an observation system is completed, so that the seismic data contain coordinate position information.
The prestack time migration processing is an existing conventional processing method and mainly comprises the steps of defining an observation system, prestack denoising, multiple suppression and the like.
Step 32: and (3) inverting the time domain root mean square Velocity through CVI (Constrained Velocity Inversion) to obtain the time domain layer Velocity.
In practical use, other inversion methods can be selected to invert the time domain root mean square velocity to obtain the time domain layer velocity.
And adjusting the types of the time domain root-mean-square speed above the seabed horizon and the time domain layer speed below the seabed horizon into the same type, and performing speed fusion on the time domain root-mean-square speed and the time domain layer speed of the same type to obtain the time domain layer speed after speed fusion.
The time domain root mean square speed type is an rms type, the time domain layer speed type is an int type, and the time domain root mean square speed above the seabed horizon and the time domain layer speed below the seabed horizon can be adjusted to be the int type.
The velocity fusion can be realized by adopting a vertical superposition principle, namely, the input velocity model data is arithmetically added according to the amplitude of a corresponding sampling point, specifically, a seabed layer is taken as an interface, the two types of velocities are added up and down along the seabed bottom layer, the result type after the velocity fusion is an int type, the range of the velocity values above the seabed layer is consistent with the range of the velocity values of the extracted velocity model above the seabed layer with the root-mean-square velocity, and the range of the velocity values below the seabed layer is consistent with the range of the velocity model values below the extracted seabed layer velocity, and the vertical superposition principle is the existing method, so that the description is omitted.
Step 33: and carrying out time migration domain layer speed iteration on the time domain layer speed obtained after the speed fusion so as to enable the time domain layer speed to be converged in a shallow layer, and obtaining the updated time domain layer speed after iteration processing. Therefore, the depth domain layer velocity model established by the embodiment has convergence.
Step 34: and carrying out time-depth conversion on the updated time domain layer speed to a depth domain to obtain a depth domain initial layer speed.
Time-depth transformation is the prior art, and aims to map the speed of a time domain to a depth domain to complete the transformation from the time domain to the depth domain.
Step 35: and (4) performing two-dimensional kirchhoff prestack depth migration on the common-center-point gather obtained in the step (31) and the depth domain initial layer speed obtained in the step (34) to obtain an initial prestack depth migration profile and a gather. The initial prestack depth migration gather leveling condition obtained through prestack depth migration can intuitively judge whether the depth domain initial layer velocity is reasonable or not, and therefore whether the depth domain initial layer velocity can be used for deep reflection seismic data or not can be judged through judging the reasonability of the depth domain initial layer velocity.
In practical applications, other methods of prestack depth migration may be used, such as wave equation prestack depth migration.
Referring to fig. 4, the above three embodiments respectively provide a method for establishing a depth domain initial layer velocity model, and the shallow leveling condition of an initial prestack depth migration gather obtained by prestack depth migration is compared with that of each depth domain initial layer velocity model, and the advantages of the three schemes can be found.
And performing two-dimensional kirchhoff prestack depth migration on the depth domain initial layer velocity models of the three schemes, wherein the migration aperture diameter is 18872.3m, the output migration distance range is 225-6248m, and the migration distance interval is 76 m. Comparing the initial prestack depth migration gathers by the three schemes can be seen: in the first embodiment, the initial prestack depth migration gather is pulled down from the shallow seabed, which shows that the initial prestack depth migration gather is pulled down due to the larger seabed speed, and the trace gathers continuously due to the larger shallow speed accumulated in the deeper layers, so that the depth domain initial speed model in the first embodiment has slightly worse effect in the subsequent grid tomographic speed inversion process compared with the second and third embodiments. The shallow-layer gather at the seabed in the second embodiment is leveled out, because the speed splicing ensures the accuracy of the layer speed at the seabed, and has some advantages compared with the first embodiment, but the gather at the 6.5km-14km presents a similar state and scheme, the gather is pulled down, the speed is larger, and in the subsequent grid tomographic speed inversion process of the depth domain initial speed model in the second embodiment, except that the seabed does not need to be updated and iterated, the grid tomographic inversion is carried out below the seabed and in the first embodiment, and the effect is slightly worse than that of the third embodiment, but better than that of the first embodiment. The gather of the third embodiment is basically leveled from the shallow seabed to the gather near the deep part of 9km, because the speed splicing and the speed iteration of the time domain offset layer play an obvious role, the homing of the shallow settled layer is ensured, the speed model of the third embodiment as the speed model of the initial layer of the depth domain provides a good basis for the inversion iteration of the subsequent grid chromatographic speed, and the subsequent depth domain imaging can better pay attention to the deep reflection Mohuo surface characteristics and the deep geological structure characteristics on the premise of ensuring the speed preparation of the shallow settled layer.
Referring to fig. 5-13, the rms velocity may be picked from the common midpoint gather after conventional processing, including preprocessing, various noise suppression (linear or non-linear noise, multiples, etc.), horizontal stacking, and stack shifting. FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a certain actual resulting RMS velocity model. Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a time domain layer velocity model obtained by CVI. FIG. 7 is a graphical illustration of the depth domain initial layer velocity of the time domain layer velocity model of FIG. 6 over time, deep converted to the depth domain. FIG. 8 is a time domain horizon velocity diagram below the seafloor horizon extracted from FIG. 7. FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a root mean square velocity model above a seafloor horizon extracted from the seafloor interpretation horizon of FIG. 5. FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a time domain layer velocity model obtained by velocity fusion of FIGS. 8 and 9 according to example two. FIG. 11 is a diagram of a depth-domain initial layer velocity model obtained according to example two. FIG. 12 is a time domain layer velocity model of FIG. 11 after iteration of time-shift domain layer velocities and convergence in the shallow layer, resulting from iterative updating. FIG. 13 is a diagram of a depth-domain initial layer velocity model obtained according to the third embodiment.
The oil-gas saturation prediction method provided by the embodiment can be used as a high-tech service, and is used for providing high-end services for target customers such as oceans, surveying and mapping, geological exploration and the like, also providing professional technical services for the target customers, and providing a depth domain initial velocity model for the deep reflection morehole surface characteristic and the deep geological structure characteristic which need to be concerned in depth domain imaging. Meanwhile, the method can be used for exploration in ocean engineering and the like, and can be used as a technical terminal on engineering exploration ships, seabed resource investigation ships and the like in ocean engineering to extract and predict the oil and gas saturation of a target area in a non-drilling area, so that a solid foundation is laid for subsequent oil and gas exploration.
The depth domain initial velocity model provided by the embodiment can be well applied to deep reflection seismic data and provides reliable guarantee for structural imaging of the deep reflection seismic data, so that the imaging precision of a deep structure is improved better, and the deep structure characteristics of a rock crib are revealed.
As shown in fig. 14, the present invention also relates to an entity implementing processing terminal 100 implementing a front-end and back-end character distinct encryption method, which includes,
a memory 101 for storing program instructions;
and the processor 102 is used for executing the program instructions to execute the steps in the depth domain initial velocity model building method for the deep reflection seismic data.
The embodiments disclosed in this description are only an exemplification of the single-sided characteristics of the invention, and the scope of protection of the invention is not limited to these embodiments, and any other functionally equivalent embodiments fall within the scope of protection of the invention. Various other changes and modifications to the above-described embodiments and concepts will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the above description, and all such changes and modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A method for establishing a depth domain initial velocity model for deep reflection seismic data is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: acquiring two-dimensional gun line data and navigation data, and performing pre-stack time migration processing on the two-dimensional gun line data and the navigation data to acquire a time domain root mean square speed and a common-center gather;
step 2: inverting the time domain root mean square velocity to obtain the time domain layer velocity,
adjusting the types of the time domain root-mean-square speed above the seabed horizon and the time domain layer speed below the seabed horizon into the same type, and performing speed fusion on the time domain root-mean-square speed and the time domain layer speed of the same type to obtain the time domain layer speed after speed fusion;
and step 3: carrying out time migration domain layer speed iteration on the time domain layer speed after the speed fusion so as to enable the time domain layer speed to be converged in a shallow layer and obtain an updated time domain layer speed;
and 4, step 4: and carrying out time-depth conversion on the updated time domain layer speed to a depth domain to obtain a depth domain initial layer speed.
2. The method of establishing a depth-domain initial velocity model for deep reflection seismic data of claim 1, wherein the prestack time migration process includes defining an observation system, prestack denoising, and multiple suppression.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the time domain root mean square velocity is inverted by CVI to obtain the time domain interval velocity.
4. The method for establishing a depth domain initial velocity model for deep reflection seismic data according to claim 1, wherein the types of the time domain root mean square velocity above the seafloor horizon and the time domain interval velocity below the seafloor horizon are adjusted to int type.
5. The method of establishing a depth-domain initial velocity model for deep-reflection seismic data of claim 1, wherein the velocity fusion employs a vertical stacking principle.
6. The method of establishing a depth-domain initial velocity model for deep-reflection seismic data of claim 1, after the step 4, further comprising:
and 5: and (4) carrying out prestack depth migration on the common midpoint gather obtained in the step (1) and the depth domain initial layer velocity obtained in the step (4) to obtain an initial prestack depth migration profile and a gather, wherein the initial prestack depth migration profile and the gather are used for evaluating whether the depth domain initial layer velocity is reasonable or not so as to judge whether the depth domain initial layer velocity can be used for deep reflection seismic data or not.
7. The method for establishing the depth-domain initial velocity model for the deep reflection seismic data as claimed in claim 6, wherein in the step 5, the depth-domain initial layer velocity is subjected to two-dimensional kirchhoff prestack depth migration to obtain an initial prestack depth migration profile and a gather.
8. A processing terminal, characterized in that it comprises,
a memory for storing program instructions;
a processor for executing the program instructions to perform the steps of the method for depth-domain initial velocity modeling of deep reflection seismic data as claimed in any of claims 1-7.
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