CN113534090A - Inversion method and device for liquid water content in cloud - Google Patents
Inversion method and device for liquid water content in cloud Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides an inversion method and device of liquid water content in cloud, comprising the following steps: dividing radar plane scanning data into precipitation cloud echo data and non-precipitation cloud echo data; calibrating the precipitation cloud echo data; and respectively carrying out inversion on the calibrated precipitation cloud echo data and the non-precipitation cloud echo data according to the relation function of the liquid water content and the radar echo intensity to obtain the planar scanning distribution of the liquid water content. According to the inversion method and the device for the liquid water content in the cloud, provided by the invention, the rainfall echo threshold value and the theoretical echo intensity are determined through the raindrop spectrum data, the PPI echo data are divided into the rainfall cloud echo data and the non-rainfall cloud echo data, the theoretical echo intensity is used for calibrating the echo intensity of the rainfall cloud radar, the influence of raindrop attenuation on the rainfall echo intensity is eliminated, then the liquid water content inversion is respectively carried out on the two kinds of echo data, the requirement on detection equipment is lower, the inversion process is simplified, and the inversion precision is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of atmospheric science, in particular to an inversion method and device for liquid water content in cloud.
Background
The content of liquid water in the cloud is an important cloud micro physical parameter, and the method has important significance in the aspects of climate change, weather change, artificial influence on weather, flight safety and the like. In the prior art, records of various ways for acquiring information of liquid water content in cloud are related, and the records mainly include:
in the method 1, the liquid water content in the Cloud is obtained by using an airborne detection device, that is, the liquid water content in the Cloud is obtained by detecting the particle number concentration of each level and the average particle diameter of each level through an airborne Cloud particle Probe (CDP). Due to the fact that the method has high requirements on equipment and airspace opening, the method for acquiring the content of the liquid water in the cloud is difficult to popularize and apply in a large range under the condition that airspace is more and more strictly controlled.
And 2, inverting the liquid water content in the cloud by using the satellite-borne microwave radiometer, wherein the inversion comprises the inversion of the liquid water content of the non-precipitation cloud and the inversion of the liquid water content of the precipitation cloud. The inversion of the non-precipitation cloud liquid water content is obtained by utilizing a 37GHz cloud water sensitive channel and a 23GHz water vapor absorption channel of a microwave radiometer through multiple linear regression; the liquid water content of the precipitation cloud is obtained by inversion based on the empirical relationship between the liquid water content of the precipitation cloud and the average rainfall rate on the ground. Due to the fact that the inversion resolution of the satellite-borne microwave radiometer is low, the problem of low space-time resolution commonly exists in a mode of inverting the liquid water content in cloud by the satellite-borne microwave radiometer.
In the mode 3, the liquid water content in the cloud is inverted by using a radar (including a rain measuring radar, a millimeter wave radar and a laser radar) and a foundation microwave radiometer, namely, the liquid water content is obtained by inverting the established empirical relationship between the liquid water content and a radar reflectivity factor. As the detection sensitivity of the rain-measuring radar is insufficient relative to the cloud drops, no echo signal exists when the rain-measuring radar detects the thinner non-precipitation cloud; the laser radar can not penetrate through thick clouds and can only be combined with a microwave radiometer to carry out liquid water content inversion on the thin clouds; and the millimeter wave radar can generate meter scattering under the condition of falling water cloud, and the intensity of the radar echo for inversion is also inaccurate.
Mode 4, the liquid water content in the cloud is inverted by using a dual-wavelength or multi-wavelength radar, that is, the same target is detected by using radars with different wavelengths, and an empirical relationship between the liquid water content LWC and the difference is established by using the difference of the detected radar reflectivity factors or the difference of attenuation, so that the liquid water content is inverted. The dual-wavelength or multi-wavelength radar inverts the liquid water content system in the cloud through the reflectivity factor difference or the attenuation difference of the radars with different wavelengths, so that the system is complex, the multiple radar systems are calibrated, the requirements on the consistency of observation time and space are high, the manufacturing cost of the multiple radars is high, and the popularization difficulty is high.
In summary, because the existing cloud liquid water content has different defects, it is urgently needed to provide a new cloud liquid water content measuring method to overcome the defects of low measuring accuracy, complex measuring process, high equipment cost and the like in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an inversion method and device for the content of liquid water in cloud, which are used for solving the defects of low measurement precision, complex measurement process, high equipment cost and the like in the process of monitoring the content of liquid water in cloud in the prior art, and can realize accurate, rapid and simple measurement of the content of liquid water in cloud.
In a first aspect, the present invention provides an inversion method of liquid water content in cloud, including: determining a radar echo theoretical value and a precipitation echo threshold value according to the raindrop spectrum data;
dividing radar plane scanning data into precipitation cloud echo data and non-precipitation cloud echo data based on the precipitation echo threshold value;
calibrating the precipitation cloud echo data by using the radar echo theoretical value to obtain calibrated precipitation cloud echo data;
inverting the calibrated precipitation cloud echo data by using a first function, and inverting the non-precipitation cloud echo data by using a second function to obtain the planar scanning distribution of the liquid water content;
the first function is a relation function of the liquid water content of the precipitation cloud and the radar echo intensity, and the second function is a relation function of the liquid water content of the non-precipitation cloud and the radar echo intensity.
According to the inversion method of the liquid water content in the cloud provided by the invention, before inverting the calibrated precipitation cloud echo data by using a first function and inverting the non-precipitation cloud echo data by using a second function, the inversion method further comprises the following steps:
acquiring rainfall cloud time height scanning data, non-rainfall cloud time height scanning data, raindrop spectrum data and microwave radiation data of each sampling point in any period;
according to the raindrop spectrum data, determining a radar echo theoretical value and a precipitation echo threshold value in any time period;
calibrating the precipitation cloud time height scanning data by using the radar echo theoretical value in any time period, and acquiring the calibrated precipitation cloud time height scanning data;
determining the height of a melting layer and the liquid water content of each sampling point according to the microwave radiation data;
screening effective precipitation cloud time height scanning data below the melting layer from the precipitation cloud time height scanning data according to the melting layer height;
determining the first function according to the radar echo intensity and the liquid water content of each sampling point corresponding to the effective precipitation cloud time height scanning data;
according to the height of the fusion layer, effective non-precipitation cloud time height scanning data below the fusion layer are screened out from the non-precipitation cloud time height scanning data;
and determining the second function according to the radar echo intensity and the liquid water content of each sampling point corresponding to the effective non-precipitation cloud time height scanning data.
According to the inversion method of the liquid water content in the cloud provided by the invention, the first function is determined according to the radar echo intensity and the liquid water content of each sampling point corresponding to the effective precipitation cloud time height scanning data, and the method comprises the following steps:
constructing a first scatter point fitting graph of the radar echo intensity and the liquid water content of the precipitation cloud according to the radar echo intensity and the liquid water content of each sampling point corresponding to the effective precipitation cloud time height scanning data;
and acquiring the first function according to the first scatter fitting graph.
According to the inversion method of the liquid water content in the cloud provided by the invention, the second function is determined according to the radar echo intensity and the liquid water content of each sampling point corresponding to the effective non-precipitation cloud time height scanning data, and the method comprises the following steps:
constructing a second scatter fitting graph of the non-precipitation cloud liquid water content and the radar echo intensity according to the radar echo intensity and the liquid water content of each sampling point corresponding to the effective non-precipitation cloud time height scanning data;
and acquiring the second function according to the second scatter fitting graph.
According to the inversion method for the content of liquid water in the cloud, provided by the invention, the rainfall cloud time height scanning data, the non-rainfall cloud time height scanning data, the raindrop spectrum data and the microwave radiation data of each sampling point in any time period are obtained, and the method comprises the following steps:
in any time period, periodically sampling the precipitation cloud by using a Ka-band dual-polarization radar according to a preset sampling frequency to obtain time height scanning data of the precipitation cloud;
in any time period, periodically sampling a non-precipitation cloud by using a Ka-band dual-polarization radar according to the preset sampling frequency to obtain time height scanning data of the non-precipitation cloud;
acquiring the data of the laser raindrop spectrometer in any time period by using the laser raindrop spectrometer according to the preset sampling frequency;
acquiring the raindrop spectrum data according to the laser raindrop spectrometer data;
and acquiring the microwave radiation data in any time period by using a microwave radiometer according to the preset sampling frequency.
According to the inversion method of the content of liquid water in cloud provided by the invention, the raindrop spectrum data is obtained according to the laser raindrop spectrometer data, and the method comprises the following steps:
and determining the raindrop spectrum data according to the data of the laser raindrop spectrometer and by combining the raindrop falling speed, the raindrop diameter resolution, the acquisition area and the sampling duration of the laser raindrop spectrometer in any time period.
According to the inversion method of the content of liquid water in cloud provided by the invention, the calculation formula for determining the radar echo theoretical value according to the raindrop spectrum data is as follows:
Z＝10log10(z)
wherein D is the particle diameter; z is an intermediate variable; z is a radar echo theoretical value; n (D) is raindrop spectrum data; d represents the differential.
In a second aspect, the present invention further provides an apparatus for inverting the liquid water content in a cloud, comprising:
the first processing module is used for determining a radar echo theoretical value and a precipitation echo threshold value according to the raindrop spectrum data;
the second processing module is used for dividing the radar plane scanning data into precipitation cloud echo data and non-precipitation cloud echo data based on the precipitation echo threshold value;
the third processing module is used for calibrating the precipitation cloud echo data by using the radar echo theoretical value to obtain the calibrated precipitation cloud echo data;
the fourth processing module is used for inverting the calibrated precipitation cloud echo data by using the first function and inverting the non-precipitation cloud echo data by using the second function so as to obtain the planar scanning distribution of the liquid water content;
the first function is a relation function of the liquid water content of the precipitation cloud and the radar echo intensity, and the second function is a relation function of the liquid water content of the non-precipitation cloud and the radar echo intensity.
In a third aspect, the present invention provides an electronic device, comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the program to implement the steps of the method for inverting the liquid water content in a cloud as described in any one of the above.
In a fourth aspect, the present invention also provides a non-transitory computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by a processor, performs the steps of the method for inversion of liquid water content in a cloud as described in any one of the above.
According to the inversion method and the device for the liquid water content in the cloud, provided by the invention, the precipitation echo threshold value and the theoretical echo intensity are determined through the raindrop spectrum data, the PPI echo data are divided into the precipitation cloud echo data and the non-precipitation cloud echo data, the theoretical echo intensity is used for calibrating the echo intensity of the precipitation cloud radar, the influence of raindrop attenuation on the precipitation echo intensity is eliminated, then the liquid water content inversion is respectively carried out on the two kinds of echo data, the requirement on detection equipment is lower, the inversion process is simplified, and the inversion precision is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings needed for the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is one of the flow diagrams of the inversion method of the liquid water content in cloud provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a second schematic flow chart of the method for inverting the liquid water content in cloud according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is one of the schematic diagrams of the vertical temperature profile provided by the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a scattering point fit between the liquid water content and the echo intensity of a precipitation cloud according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a second schematic diagram of a vertical temperature profile provided by the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a second schematic diagram of the fitting of the liquid water content of the precipitation cloud to the echo intensity scatter;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for inverting the liquid water content in a cloud according to the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device provided in the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that in the description of the embodiments of the present invention, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element. The terms "upper", "lower", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred devices or elements must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
The terms first, second and the like in the description and in the claims of the present application are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It will be appreciated that the data so used may be interchanged under appropriate circumstances such that embodiments of the application may be practiced in sequences other than those illustrated or described herein, and that the terms "first," "second," and the like are generally used herein in a generic sense and do not limit the number of terms, e.g., the first term can be one or more than one. In addition, "and/or" in the specification and claims means at least one of connected objects, a character "/" generally means that a preceding and succeeding related objects are in an "or" relationship.
The inversion method and apparatus for liquid water content in cloud provided by the present invention are described below with reference to fig. 1 to 8.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an inversion method of liquid water content in cloud provided by the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, including but not limited to the following steps:
step 101: and determining a radar echo theoretical value and a precipitation echo threshold value (threshold value T for short) according to the raindrop spectrum data.
In view of the fact that when radar electromagnetic waves detect precipitation clouds, the radar electromagnetic waves are seriously attenuated due to the fact that the diameters of cloud particles are large, and accordingly radar reflectivity factors are inaccurate; however, the non-precipitation cloud radar has a small water particle diameter, and satisfies the rayleigh scattering condition relative to a radar of a conventional wave band (such as a radar wave with a wavelength of about 8.6mm), so that the radar echo intensity of the non-precipitation cloud radar is not calibrated.
Aiming at the principle, the inversion method of the liquid water content in the cloud provided by the invention firstly calibrates the echo intensity of the precipitation cloud by using a relevant instrument so as to weaken the influence of radar electromagnetic wave attenuation on the measurement precision, and specifically comprises the following steps:
firstly, continuously acquiring raindrop spectrum data in a longer time period through a laser raindrop spectrometer, and determining a radar echo theoretical value and a rainfall echo threshold value according to statistical analysis of the acquired raindrop spectrum data in an experimental mode.
The radar echo theoretical value is an echo intensity theoretical value obtained through calculation of raindrop spectrum data; the rainfall echo threshold is a threshold used for dividing radar Plan scan (PPI) data acquired in real time into rainfall cloud echo data and non-rainfall cloud echo data.
Step 102: and dividing radar plane scanning data into precipitation cloud echo data and non-precipitation cloud echo data based on the precipitation echo threshold value.
The laser raindrop spectrometer can be used for measuring rainfall and snowfall, and not only can monitor the rainfall and snowfall processes, but also can perform detailed analysis on the characteristics of the rainfall and the snowfall. The laser raindrop spectrometer can monitor and distinguish downy rain, heavy rain, hail, snowflakes, snowballs and various kinds of precipitation between the snowflakes and the hail in falling, can calculate the intensity, the total amount and the visibility of various rainfall types, can perform necessary analysis to draw a raindrop spectrogram, and can correct meteorological radar data. The invention can mainly utilize a raindrop spectrogram observed by a laser raindrop spectrometer and distinguish precipitation cloud and precipitation echo threshold of non-precipitation from the raindrop spectrogram.
After the precipitation echo threshold value is determined, in the process of inverting the liquid water content in the cloud each time, when one PPI echo data is observed, the PPI echo data can be divided by using the precipitation echo threshold value, the part which is larger than the precipitation echo threshold value is used as precipitation cloud echo data, and the part which is smaller than or equal to the precipitation echo threshold value is used as a non-precipitation cloud echo.
The rainfall cloud echo data comprise relevant information of rainfall cloud echo intensity; the non-precipitation cloud echo data comprises relevant information of non-precipitation cloud echo intensity.
Step 103: and calibrating the rainfall cloud echo data by using the radar echo theoretical value to obtain calibrated rainfall cloud echo data.
Furthermore, the radar echo theoretical value is used for calibrating the precipitation cloud echo data to eliminate the influence of electromagnetic wave attenuation, namely, on the basis of the actually measured precipitation cloud echo data, the difference value between the radar echo theoretical value and the actually measured precipitation cloud echo intensity is increased to obtain the calibrated precipitation cloud echo data.
Step 104: and inverting the calibrated precipitation cloud echo data by using a first function, and inverting the non-precipitation cloud echo data by using a second function to obtain the liquid water content plane scanning distribution.
The first function is a relation function of the liquid water content of the precipitation cloud and the radar echo intensity, and the second function is a relation function of the liquid water content of the non-precipitation cloud and the radar echo intensity.
Finally, a relation function of the Liquid Water Content (LWC) of the precipitation cloud and the radar echo intensity Z, namely a first function LWC-Z, is fitted in advance1Inverting the calibrated precipitation cloud echo data to obtain the distribution condition of the liquid water content of the precipitation cloud; meanwhile, a pre-fitted relation function of the liquid water content of the non-precipitation cloud and the radar echo intensity, namely a second function LWC-Z is utilized2And inverting the echo data of the non-precipitation cloud to obtain the distribution condition of the liquid water content of the non-precipitation cloud.
According to the inversion method for the content of liquid water in the cloud, provided by the invention, the threshold value and the theoretical echo intensity of a precipitation echo are determined through raindrop spectrum data, PPI echo data are divided into precipitation cloud echo data and non-precipitation cloud echo data, the theoretical echo intensity is used for calibrating the echo intensity of a precipitation cloud radar, the influence of raindrop attenuation on the precipitation echo intensity is eliminated, then the two kinds of echo data are respectively subjected to liquid water content inversion, the requirement on detection equipment is lower, the inversion process is simplified, and the inversion precision is improved.
Fig. 2 is a second schematic flow chart of the inversion method of the liquid water content in the cloud provided by the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, before inverting the calibrated precipitation cloud echo data by using the first function and inverting the non-precipitation cloud echo data by using the second function, the method may further include the following steps:
acquiring Time Height Indicator (THI) data, non-precipitation THI data, raindrop spectrum data and microwave radiation data of each sampling point in any Time period;
according to the raindrop spectrum data, determining a radar echo theoretical value and a precipitation echo threshold value in any time period;
calibrating the rainfall cloud time height scanning data by using the radar echo theoretical value in any time period to obtain calibrated rainfall THI data;
determining the height of a melting layer and the liquid water content of each sampling point according to the microwave radiation data;
according to the height of the fusion layer, effective precipitation cloud THI data below the fusion layer are screened out from the precipitation cloud time height scanning data;
determining the first function according to the radar echo intensity and the liquid water content of each sampling point corresponding to the valid precipitation cloud THI data;
according to the height of the fusion layer, effective non-precipitation cloud THI data below the fusion layer are screened out from the non-precipitation cloud time height scanning data;
and determining the second function according to the radar echo intensity and the liquid water content of each sampling point corresponding to the valid non-precipitation cloud THI data.
According to the inversion method of the content of the liquid water in the cloud, provided by the invention, the first function and the second function can be fitted respectively before the calibrated precipitation cloud echo data and the non-precipitation cloud echo data are inverted by respectively using the first function and the second function.
As an optional embodiment, the acquiring rainfall cloud THI data, non-rainfall cloud THI data, raindrop spectrum data, and microwave radiation data of each sampling point in any time period may include:
in any time period, periodically sampling the precipitation cloud by using a Ka-band dual-polarization radar (Ka-band radar for short) according to a preset sampling frequency to obtain the THI data of the precipitation cloud;
in any time period, periodically sampling non-precipitation cloud by using a Ka-band radar according to the preset sampling frequency to obtain the non-precipitation THI data;
acquiring the data of the laser raindrop spectrometer in any time period by using the laser raindrop spectrometer according to the preset sampling frequency;
acquiring the raindrop spectrum data according to the laser raindrop spectrometer data;
and acquiring the microwave radiation data in any time period by using a microwave radiometer according to the preset sampling frequency.
Specifically, the method realizes the precipitation cloud THI data and the non-precipitation cloud THI data, and the precipitation cloud THI data and the non-precipitation cloud THI data are acquired by using a Ka-band radar. Where the Ka-band is a part of the microwave band of the electromagnetic spectrum, which is directly higher than the K-band, the frequency range of the Ka-band is typically 26.5-40 GHz.
The dual-polarization cloud radar is a radar capable of transmitting and receiving horizontal polarized waves and vertical polarized waves.
According to the invention, radar detection is carried out on cloud particles by adopting a Ka-band radar so as to invert the content of liquid water in the cloud, and the resolution can be effectively improved.
In addition, when the precipitation cloud THI data and the non-precipitation cloud THI data in any time period are collected, the laser raindrop spectrometer is used for collecting raindrop spectrometer data at each sampling point, and therefore the radar echo theoretical value and the precipitation echo threshold value in any time period are obtained in real time.
Then, microwave radiation data during the period is also acquired by the microwave radiometer.
The microwave radiometer is a high-sensitivity receiving device which can be used for judging temperature and humidity curves by passively receiving microwave signals of temperature radiation transmitted from various heights and quantitatively measuring low-level microwave radiation of targets (such as ground objects and various components of the atmosphere). A microwave radiometer is essentially a high sensitivity, high resolution microwave receiver.
The surface radiance is epsilon (epsilon is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1) and the absolute temperature is T0>The 0K object radiates electromagnetic waves in the whole spectrum of the electromagnetic waves, the spectrum of the electromagnetic waves is similar to that of noise, the radiation is called thermal radiation, different objects have different thermal radiation spectrums, some objects radiate continuous spectrums, some objects radiate discrete spectrums, and different objects can be distinguished by measuring and analyzing the radiation spectrums.
According to the invention, by means of microwave radiation data acquired by a microwave radiometer, a vertical temperature curve and liquid water content of a measured object cloud are determined, and the height of a melting layer in the object cloud is determined according to the vertical temperature curve. Wherein the object cloud may be a precipitation cloud or a non-precipitation cloud.
According to the method, a first function can be inverted according to the liquid water content of each sampling point in the precipitation cloud and the radar echo intensity; and a second function can be inverted according to the liquid water content of each sampling point in the non-precipitation cloud and the radar echo intensity.
Finally, the segmented precipitation cloud echo data and non-precipitation cloud echo data can be inverted respectively by utilizing the first function and the second function, and the distribution of the liquid water content in the object cloud is obtained.
According to the inversion method of the cloud liquid water content, the most economical and simple Ka-band dual-polarization cloud radar, the laser raindrop spectrometer and the microwave radiometer are adopted to invert the cloud liquid water content under the condition that inversion accuracy is guaranteed, and the inversion system is simple, low in manufacturing cost and easy to popularize and apply in a large range.
As an alternative embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the step of fitting the first function and the second function according to the present invention comprises:
on one hand, Ka-band precipitation cloud THI data in a certain period of time are collected, wherein the Ka-band precipitation cloud THI data can be represented in a form of a simulation diagram.
Firstly, a radar echo theoretical value and a precipitation echo threshold value are determined by analyzing raindrop spectrum data collected in the time period.
Further, calibrating the data of the Ka-band precipitation cloud THI by using a radar echo theoretical value, acquiring the calibrated data of the precipitation cloud THI, and expressing the data in a simulation diagram manner.
Some of the radar echo intensity is contributed by ice crystals due to their presence above the melt layer, in which case the relationship between radar echo intensity and liquid water content that is ultimately established is inaccurate if the data above the melt layer is utilized in fitting radar echo intensity and liquid water content.
In view of the above, the present invention determines the height of the melting layer (i.e. the 0 ℃ layer) in advance according to the microwave radiation data, and then only performs the radar echo intensity and liquid water content fitting on the precipitation cloud below the melting layer, so as to effectively improve the fitting accuracy.
Specifically, the part below the fusion layer height is screened out from the simulation graph corresponding to the precipitation cloud THI data, and the effective precipitation cloud THI data is obtained.
Then, according to the THI data of the effective precipitation cloud, a scatter-point fitting graph of the liquid water content of the precipitation cloud and the echo intensity is generated, and then a first function is fitted.
And on the other hand, acquiring the data of the Ka-band non-precipitation cloud THI in the time period. The Ka-band non-precipitation cloud THI data can also be represented in the form of a simulation graph.
Similarly, the invention determines the height of a melting layer (namely a 0 ℃ layer) in the non-precipitation cloud in advance according to microwave radiation data, and then only fits the radar echo intensity and the liquid water content of the non-precipitation cloud below the melting layer to obtain a second function.
Optionally, according to the radar echo intensity and the liquid water content of each sampling point corresponding to the effective precipitation cloud time height scanning data, a first scatter fitting graph of the precipitation cloud liquid water content and the radar echo intensity is constructed;
and acquiring the first function according to the first scatter fitting graph.
Specifically, the part below the fusion layer height is determined to be screened out from a simulation graph corresponding to the non-precipitation cloud THI data, and the effective non-precipitation cloud THI data is obtained.
Optionally, the method may further determine the second function according to the radar echo intensity and the liquid water content of each sampling point corresponding to the non-precipitation cloud time height scanning data, where the determining includes:
constructing a second scatter fitting graph of the non-precipitation cloud liquid water content and the radar echo intensity according to the radar echo intensity and the liquid water content of each sampling point corresponding to the non-precipitation cloud time height scanning data;
and acquiring the second function according to the second scatter fitting graph.
Specifically, a scatter fitting graph of the liquid water content of the non-precipitation cloud and the echo intensity can be generated according to the THI data of the effective non-precipitation cloud, and then a second function is fitted.
According to the inversion method of the liquid water content in the cloud, provided by the invention, the height of the melting layer is determined by utilizing microwave radiation data, and the liquid water content is inverted for the object cloud below the melting layer, so that the condition that the relation between the liquid water content and the echo intensity is not accurate due to the contribution of ice crystals to radar reflectivity factors above the melting layer is avoided, and the relation between the obtained liquid water content and the echo intensity is more accurate only by fitting the liquid water content and the echo intensity below the melting layer.
Based on the content of the foregoing embodiment, as an optional embodiment, the acquiring the raindrop spectrum data according to the laser raindrop spectrometer data includes:
and determining the raindrop spectrum data according to the data of the laser raindrop spectrometer and by combining the raindrop falling speed, the raindrop diameter resolution, the acquisition area and the sampling duration of the laser raindrop spectrometer in any time period.
Due to the fact that radar electromagnetic waves are seriously attenuated when detecting precipitation particles, the radar reflectivity factor is inaccurate, and a relevant instrument is needed to calibrate the echo intensity. Therefore, aiming at the situation, the detection data of the laser raindrop spectrometer is firstly converted into raindrop spectrum data, and the conversion calculation formula is as follows:
wherein n (D) is observation data of the laser raindrop spectrometer, v (D) is the raindrop falling speed, delta D is the raindrop diameter resolution, s is the acquisition area of the laser raindrop spectrometer, t is sampling duration, and N (D) is converted raindrop spectrum data.
Further, the invention provides a calculation method for determining a radar echo theoretical value according to raindrop spectrum data, which comprises the following calculation formula:
wherein D is the particle diameter; z is an intermediate variable; z is a radar echo theoretical value; n (D) is raindrop spectrum data; d represents the differential.
In order to fully illustrate the inversion method of the liquid water content in cloud provided by the present invention, the following embodiments are described in practice.
In one aspect, for precipitation cloud THI data:
collecting the THI data of the precipitation cloud, the data of the laser raindrop spectrometer and the microwave radiation data in a detection period of 2019, 8, 26, 22, 18, 40-22, 34, and recording the continuous precipitation by the microwave radiometer and the laser raindrop spectrometer in the detection period, so that a THI echo intensity simulation diagram corresponding to the THI data of the precipitation cloud can be obtained.
The laser raindrop spectrometer data is converted into raindrop spectrum data using equation 1. And then, calculating the raindrop spectrum data by using a formula 2, and calculating a radar echo theoretical value and a rainfall echo threshold value.
Calibrating the rainfall cloud echo data by using the radar echo theoretical value, which is mainly characterized in that the THI echo intensity simulation diagram is calibrated by using the radar echo theoretical value, and the THI echo intensity simulation diagram corresponding to the calibrated rainfall cloud echo data is obtained.
Then, according to the microwave radiation data detected by the microwave radiometer, a vertical temperature profile diagram is obtained.
Fig. 3 is one of schematic diagrams of the vertical temperature profile provided by the present invention, and it can be known from fig. 3 that the height of the fusion layer is about 5km, so the present invention uses precipitation cloud THI data less than 5km as effective precipitation cloud THI data to perform fitting inversion on the effective precipitation cloud THI data, obtain a relationship between radar echo intensity and liquid water content corresponding to the precipitation cloud, and construct a first function.
Specifically, a part of the THI echo intensity simulation graph corresponding to the calibrated precipitation cloud THI data can be removed by more than 5km, so that the THI echo intensity simulation graph corresponding to the effective precipitation cloud THI data can be obtained.
Further, a scattered point fitting graph of the liquid water content of the precipitation cloud and the echo intensity is generated according to the THI echo intensity simulation graph corresponding to the THI data of the effective precipitation cloud.
Fig. 4 is one of schematic diagrams of fitting the liquid water content of the precipitation cloud and the echo intensity scatter, where as shown in fig. 4, the obtained first function is:
LWC1＝0.1431*Z0.123。
on the other hand, for non-precipitation cloud THI data:
the non-precipitation cloud THI data, the laser raindrop spectrometer data and the microwave radiation data can be collected in a detection period of 2019, 8, 26, 12, 58, 52-13, 02, 47, and both the microwave radiometer and the laser raindrop spectrometer are recorded as non-precipitation periods.
The non-precipitation cloud has small cloud particle diameter, so that the non-precipitation cloud satisfies Rayleigh scattering conditions relative to a Ka-band radar (the wavelength is 8.6 mm). Therefore, the invention does not calibrate the radar echo intensity of the non-precipitation cloud.
Correspondingly, a THI echo intensity simulation diagram corresponding to the THI data of the non-precipitation cloud is obtained.
Similarly, the laser raindrop spectrometer data is converted into raindrop spectrum data by using formula 1. And then, calculating the raindrop spectrum data by using a formula 2, and calculating a radar echo theoretical value and a rainfall echo threshold value.
Fig. 5 is a second schematic diagram of the vertical temperature profile provided by the present invention, and it can be known from fig. 5 that the height of the melting layer is about 5km, so the present invention uses the non-precipitation cloud THI data less than 5km as the effective non-precipitation cloud THI data to perform fitting inversion on the effective non-precipitation cloud THI data, obtain the relationship between the radar echo intensity and the liquid water content corresponding to the non-precipitation cloud, and construct a second function.
Specifically, a part of the THI echo intensity simulation graph corresponding to the non-precipitation cloud THI data of more than 5km can be removed, and the THI echo intensity simulation graph corresponding to the effective non-precipitation cloud THI data can be acquired.
Further, generating a scatter fitting graph of the liquid water content of the non-precipitation cloud and the echo intensity according to the THI echo intensity simulation graph corresponding to the valid THI data of the non-precipitation cloud.
Fig. 6 is a second schematic diagram of the fitting between the liquid water content of the non-precipitation cloud and the echo intensity scatter, as shown in fig. 6, the obtained second function is:
LWC2＝0.1554Z0.1504。
finally, after the first function and the second function related to the precipitation cloud and the non-precipitation cloud are respectively fitted, the liquid water content related to the PPI echo (radar wave corresponding to PPI data) collected in real time can be inverted.
Firstly, an echo intensity threshold value for dividing precipitation cloud and non-precipitation is obtained through raindrop spectrum data, and the echo intensity threshold value is set to be 15dBZ in the embodiment of the invention.
Then, classifying the PPI echoes, wherein the PPI echoes larger than the threshold are precipitation cloud echoes, the PPI echoes not larger than the threshold are non-precipitation cloud echoes, and calibrating the radar echo intensity of the precipitation cloud echoes (the calibration method is not described herein); and finally, inverting the PPI liquid water content below the melting layer by using the obtained first function and second function.
According to practical experimental verification, compared with the inversion method of the liquid water content in the cloud provided by the invention, the influence of raindrop attenuation on the precipitation echo intensity is not eliminated, namely the liquid water content result obtained by performing inversion on the echo intensity of the uncalibrated precipitation cloud is obviously smaller. Meanwhile, the influence of ice crystals on radar reflectivity factors on the melting layer is not eliminated, so that the finally obtained liquid water content plane scanning distribution has larger deviation from the actual situation.
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for inverting the liquid water content in a cloud according to the present invention, as shown in fig. 7, which mainly includes a first processing module 71, a second processing module 72, a third processing module 73, and a third processing module 74, where:
the first processing module 71 is mainly used for determining a radar echo theoretical value and a precipitation echo threshold value according to the raindrop spectrum data;
the second processing module 72 is mainly configured to divide the radar plane scanning data into precipitation cloud echo data and non-precipitation cloud echo data based on the precipitation echo threshold;
the third processing module 73 mainly calibrates the precipitation cloud echo data by using the radar echo theoretical value to obtain calibrated precipitation cloud echo data;
the fourth processing module 74 mainly performs inversion on the calibrated precipitation cloud echo data by using the first function, and performs inversion on the non-precipitation cloud echo data by using the second function, so as to obtain the planar scanning distribution of the liquid water content.
The first function is a relation function of the liquid water content of the precipitation cloud and the radar echo intensity, and the second function is a relation function of the liquid water content of the non-precipitation cloud and the radar echo intensity.
It should be noted that, in specific operation, the inversion method for the content of liquid water in cloud according to any embodiment of the present invention may be executed, and details of this embodiment are not described herein.
According to the inversion device for the content of the liquid water in the cloud, provided by the invention, the threshold value and the theoretical echo intensity of the precipitation echo are determined through the raindrop spectrum data, the PPI echo data are divided into the precipitation cloud echo data and the non-precipitation cloud echo data, the theoretical echo intensity is used for calibrating the echo intensity of the precipitation cloud radar, the influence of raindrop attenuation on the precipitation echo intensity is eliminated, then the two kinds of echo data are respectively subjected to liquid water content inversion, the requirement on detection equipment is low, the inversion process is simplified, and the inversion precision is improved.
Fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device provided in the present invention, and as shown in fig. 8, the electronic device may include: a processor (processor)810, a communication Interface 820, a memory 830 and a communication bus 840, wherein the processor 810, the communication Interface 820 and the memory 830 communicate with each other via the communication bus 840. The processor 810 may invoke logic instructions in the memory 830 to perform a method of inversion of liquid water content in a cloud, the method comprising: determining a radar echo theoretical value and a precipitation echo threshold value according to the raindrop spectrum data; dividing radar plane scanning data into precipitation cloud echo data and non-precipitation cloud echo data based on the precipitation echo threshold value; calibrating the precipitation cloud echo data by using the radar echo theoretical value to obtain calibrated precipitation cloud echo data; inverting the calibrated precipitation cloud echo data by using a first function, and inverting the non-precipitation cloud echo data by using a second function to obtain the planar scanning distribution of the liquid water content; the first function is a relation function of the liquid water content of the precipitation cloud and the radar echo intensity, and the second function is a relation function of the liquid water content of the non-precipitation cloud and the radar echo intensity.
In addition, the logic instructions in the memory 830 may be implemented in software functional units and stored in a computer readable storage medium when the logic instructions are sold or used as independent products. Based on such understanding, the technical solution of the present invention may be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium and includes instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device) to execute all or part of the steps of the method according to the embodiments of the present invention. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: a U-disk, a removable hard disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a magnetic disk or an optical disk, and other various media capable of storing program codes.
In another aspect, the present invention also provides a computer program product comprising a computer program stored on a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, the computer program comprising program instructions which, when executed by a computer, enable the computer to perform a method for inversion of liquid water content in a cloud provided by the above methods, the method comprising: determining a radar echo theoretical value and a precipitation echo threshold value according to the raindrop spectrum data; dividing radar plane scanning data into precipitation cloud echo data and non-precipitation cloud echo data based on the precipitation echo threshold value; calibrating the precipitation cloud echo data by using the radar echo theoretical value to obtain calibrated precipitation cloud echo data; inverting the calibrated precipitation cloud echo data by using a first function, and inverting the non-precipitation cloud echo data by using a second function to obtain the planar scanning distribution of the liquid water content; the first function is a relation function of the liquid water content of the precipitation cloud and the radar echo intensity, and the second function is a relation function of the liquid water content of the non-precipitation cloud and the radar echo intensity.
In yet another aspect, the present invention also provides a non-transitory computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program, which when executed by a processor is implemented to perform the method for inverting the liquid water content in a cloud provided in the above embodiments, the method comprising: determining a radar echo theoretical value and a precipitation echo threshold value according to the raindrop spectrum data; dividing radar plane scanning data into precipitation cloud echo data and non-precipitation cloud echo data based on the precipitation echo threshold value; calibrating the precipitation cloud echo data by using the radar echo theoretical value to obtain calibrated precipitation cloud echo data; inverting the calibrated precipitation cloud echo data by using a first function, and inverting the non-precipitation cloud echo data by using a second function to obtain the planar scanning distribution of the liquid water content; the first function is a relation function of the liquid water content of the precipitation cloud and the radar echo intensity, and the second function is a relation function of the liquid water content of the non-precipitation cloud and the radar echo intensity.
The above-described embodiments of the apparatus are merely illustrative, and the units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the present embodiment. One of ordinary skill in the art can understand and implement it without inventive effort.
Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art will clearly understand that each embodiment can be implemented by software plus a necessary general hardware platform, and certainly can also be implemented by hardware. With this understanding in mind, the above-described technical solutions may be embodied in the form of a software product, which can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium such as ROM/RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc., and includes instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in the embodiments or some parts of the embodiments.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An inversion method of liquid water content in cloud is characterized by comprising the following steps:
determining a radar echo theoretical value and a precipitation echo threshold value according to the raindrop spectrum data;
dividing radar plane scanning data into precipitation cloud echo data and non-precipitation cloud echo data based on the precipitation echo threshold value;
calibrating the precipitation cloud echo data by using the radar echo theoretical value to obtain calibrated precipitation cloud echo data;
inverting the calibrated precipitation cloud echo data by using a first function, and inverting the non-precipitation cloud echo data by using a second function to obtain the planar scanning distribution of the liquid water content;
the first function is a relation function of the liquid water content of the precipitation cloud and the radar echo intensity, and the second function is a relation function of the liquid water content of the non-precipitation cloud and the radar echo intensity.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein before inverting the calibrated precipitation cloud echo data with a first function and inverting the non-precipitation cloud echo data with a second function, the method further comprises:
acquiring rainfall cloud time height scanning data, non-rainfall cloud time height scanning data, raindrop spectrum data and microwave radiation data of each sampling point in any period;
according to the raindrop spectrum data, determining a radar echo theoretical value and a precipitation echo threshold value in any time period;
calibrating the precipitation cloud time height scanning data by using the radar echo theoretical value in any time period, and acquiring the calibrated precipitation cloud time height scanning data;
determining the height of a melting layer and the liquid water content of each sampling point according to the microwave radiation data;
screening effective precipitation cloud time height scanning data below the melting layer from the precipitation cloud time height scanning data according to the melting layer height;
determining the first function according to the radar echo intensity and the liquid water content of each sampling point corresponding to the effective precipitation cloud time height scanning data;
according to the height of the fusion layer, effective non-precipitation cloud time height scanning data below the fusion layer are screened out from the non-precipitation cloud time height scanning data;
and determining the second function according to the radar echo intensity and the liquid water content of each sampling point corresponding to the effective non-precipitation cloud time height scanning data.
3. The inversion method of the liquid water content in the cloud according to claim 2, wherein determining the first function according to the radar echo intensity and the liquid water content of each sampling point corresponding to the effective precipitation cloud time height scanning data comprises:
constructing a first scatter point fitting graph of the radar echo intensity and the liquid water content of the precipitation cloud according to the radar echo intensity and the liquid water content of each sampling point corresponding to the effective precipitation cloud time height scanning data;
and acquiring the first function according to the first scatter fitting graph.
4. The inversion method of the liquid water content in the cloud according to claim 2, wherein determining the second function according to the radar echo intensity and the liquid water content of each sampling point corresponding to the effective non-precipitation cloud time height scanning data comprises:
constructing a second scatter fitting graph of the non-precipitation cloud liquid water content and the radar echo intensity according to the radar echo intensity and the liquid water content of each sampling point corresponding to the effective non-precipitation cloud time height scanning data;
and acquiring the second function according to the second scatter fitting graph.
5. The inversion method of the liquid water content in the cloud according to claim 2, wherein the obtaining of the precipitation cloud time height scan data, the non-precipitation cloud time height scan data, the raindrop spectrum data and the microwave radiation data of each sampling point in any period comprises:
in any time period, periodically sampling the precipitation cloud by using a Ka-band dual-polarization radar according to a preset sampling frequency to obtain time height scanning data of the precipitation cloud;
in any time period, periodically sampling a non-precipitation cloud by using a Ka-band dual-polarization radar according to the preset sampling frequency to obtain time height scanning data of the non-precipitation cloud;
acquiring the data of the laser raindrop spectrometer in any time period by using the laser raindrop spectrometer according to the preset sampling frequency;
acquiring the raindrop spectrum data according to the laser raindrop spectrometer data;
and acquiring the microwave radiation data in any time period by using a microwave radiometer according to the preset sampling frequency.
6. The inversion method of liquid water content in cloud according to claim 5, wherein obtaining the raindrop spectrum data according to the laser raindrop spectrometer data comprises:
and determining the raindrop spectrum data according to the data of the laser raindrop spectrometer and by combining the raindrop falling speed, the raindrop diameter resolution, the acquisition area and the sampling duration of the laser raindrop spectrometer in any time period.
7. The inversion method of the liquid water content in the cloud according to claim 5, wherein the calculation formula for determining the radar echo theoretical value according to the raindrop spectrum data is as follows:
wherein D is the particle diameter; z is an intermediate variable; z is a radar echo theoretical value; n (D) is raindrop spectrum data; d represents the differential.
8. An apparatus for inverting the liquid water content of a cloud, comprising:
the first processing module is used for determining a radar echo theoretical value and a precipitation echo threshold value according to the raindrop spectrum data;
the second processing module is used for dividing the radar plane scanning data into precipitation cloud echo data and non-precipitation cloud echo data based on the precipitation echo threshold value;
the third processing module is used for calibrating the precipitation cloud echo data by using the radar echo theoretical value to obtain the calibrated precipitation cloud echo data;
the fourth processing module is used for inverting the calibrated precipitation cloud echo data by using the first function and inverting the non-precipitation cloud echo data by using the second function so as to obtain the planar scanning distribution of the liquid water content;
the first function is a relation function of the liquid water content of the precipitation cloud and the radar echo intensity, and the second function is a relation function of the liquid water content of the non-precipitation cloud and the radar echo intensity.
9. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor when executing the computer program implements the method steps for inversion of liquid water content in a cloud according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
10. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program, wherein the computer program when executed by a processor implements the method steps for inversion of liquid water content in a cloud according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
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