CN113533423B - Engineering site detection method and system for wall heat transfer coefficient under non-constant temperature condition - Google Patents
Engineering site detection method and system for wall heat transfer coefficient under non-constant temperature condition Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an engineering field detection method and system for a wall heat transfer coefficient under a non-constant temperature condition, wherein the method comprises the following steps: collecting indoor temperature, outdoor temperature and indoor side heat flux density; establishing a one-dimensional unsteady heat conduction equation, and solving and obtaining the temperature change of all materials of the wall to be measured by using the indoor and outdoor temperatures as boundary conditions; setting the heat transfer coefficient of the wall body as a set value; calculating the heat flux density change of the indoor wall surface of the wall to be measured by using the temperature changes and the set values of all materials of the wall to be measured obtained by solving; and comparing the calculated heat flux density with the indoor heat flux density, so as to judge whether the actual heat transfer coefficient of the wall to be tested meets the design requirement. The invention does not need to ensure constant indoor and outdoor temperature, even if the heat flux density fluctuates due to temperature fluctuation, the invention does not influence the detection and judgment of the actual heat transfer coefficient of the wall body, and can provide a function of rapidly checking whether the wall body meets the design heat preservation requirement for the engineering site.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of building construction engineering, in particular to an engineering field detection method and system for a wall heat transfer coefficient under a non-constant temperature condition.
Background
The heat transfer coefficient of the outer wall (building envelope) is an important index affecting the energy saving of the building. At present, the detection of the heat transfer coefficient of the outer wall is mainly limited in a laboratory, the testing principle is that the temperature difference at two sides of the wall is kept constant, the temperature difference delta T of two side wall surfaces of the wall is measured through a temperature sensor, and the heat flow Q is measured through a heat flow meter, so that the heat transfer coefficient K=Q/delta T of the wall can be obtained.
However, laboratory measurement has the defects that the actual engineering cannot be reflected and additional test pieces are required to be manufactured, so that another method for measuring the heat transfer coefficient of engineering on site is now presented in China, and the measurement principle is the same as that of the laboratory method. The method comprises the steps of arranging a heat flow meter on the surface of an indoor side wall of an engineering site to measure heat flow Q, arranging temperature sensors on the surface of a wall body on the indoor side wall and the outdoor side wall respectively to measure wall surface temperature difference delta T, opening an air conditioner indoors to ensure indoor constant temperature, avoiding the weather of severe change of air temperature during measurement, and recording heat flow density and inner surface temperature and outer surface temperature. Since Q and Δt vary with the change of the indoor and outdoor air temperatures, the wall heat transfer coefficient k=q/Δt calculated at each moment is not a constant value, and a section with relatively stable heat flow needs to be selected, and an average value is taken as a final measurement result. However, practice shows that the heat flow Q measured in most cases fluctuates greatly, mainly because: the measured heat flow is sensitive to temperature fluctuation, and the indoor and outdoor constant temperature conditions are required to be met in order to obtain stable heat flow, so that the measured result is greatly dependent on weather conditions and indoor constant temperature conditions, but the two conditions are difficult to manually control, and more time and money are required to be paid for achieving the conditions. Thus, there are significant limitations to this method of measuring heat transfer coefficients on site in engineering where constant temperature conditions are required.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, provides an engineering field detection method and system for the heat transfer coefficient of a wall body under a non-constant temperature condition, and solves the problems that the existing engineering field measurement method can obtain more accurate measurement results only by ensuring indoor and outdoor constant temperature conditions, and the indoor and outdoor constant temperature conditions are difficult to realize manual control so that the method and the system have obvious limitations.
The technical scheme for achieving the purpose is as follows:
the invention provides an engineering field detection method for a wall heat transfer coefficient under a non-constant temperature condition, which comprises the following steps:
adjusting the indoor temperature to enable the indoor and outdoor temperature differences of the wall to be tested to be generated;
acquiring the indoor temperature, the outdoor temperature and the indoor heat flux density of a wall to be detected within a set time to form corresponding actually measured indoor temperature data, actually measured outdoor temperature data and actually measured indoor heat flux density data;
establishing a one-dimensional unsteady heat conduction equation corresponding to the wall to be measured, and solving and obtaining the temperature change of all materials of the wall to be measured by using the acquired actually measured indoor temperature data and actually measured outdoor temperature data as boundary conditions;
setting the heat transfer coefficient of the wall body as a set value;
calculating the heat flux density change of the indoor wall surface of the wall to be measured by using the temperature changes of all materials of the wall to be measured and the set value obtained by solving, and recording the heat flux density change as calculated heat flux density data; and
comparing the calculated heat flux density data with the actually measured indoor heat flux density data, and judging that the actual heat transfer coefficient of the wall to be measured is smaller than or equal to the set value if the calculated heat flux density data is larger than or equal to the actually measured indoor heat flux density data; and if the calculated heat flux density data is smaller than the actually measured indoor heat flux density data, judging that the actual heat transfer coefficient of the wall to be measured is larger than the set value.
According to the engineering field detection method, only the indoor and outdoor temperature difference is needed, the temperature difference is not needed to be constant, the detection of the heat transfer coefficient of the wall body under the non-constant temperature condition is realized, specifically, during the detection, the indoor and outdoor temperature and the indoor heat flux density are obtained, the corresponding heat flux density is calculated based on the indoor and outdoor temperature and the set heat transfer coefficient of the wall body, the calculated heat flux density data is compared with the acquired actual measurement indoor heat flux density data, if the calculated heat flux density data is larger than or equal to the actual measurement indoor heat flux density data, the actual heat transfer coefficient of the wall body to be detected is smaller than or equal to a set value, and the design requirement is met; if the calculated heat flux density data is smaller than the actually measured indoor heat flux density data, the actual heat transfer coefficient of the wall to be measured is larger than a set value, and the actual heat transfer coefficient does not meet the design requirement. Therefore, the on-site detection method does not need to ensure constant indoor and outdoor temperature, even if the heat flux density fluctuates due to temperature fluctuation, the on-site detection method does not influence the detection and judgment of the actual heat transfer coefficient of the wall body, and can provide a function of rapidly detecting whether the wall body meets the design heat preservation requirement for the engineering site.
The invention relates to a further improvement of an engineering field detection method for wall heat transfer coefficient under non-constant temperature condition, which comprises the following steps:
amplifying the set values according to a plurality of set multiples to obtain corresponding amplified values;
calculating the heat flux density change of the indoor wall surface of the wall to be measured by using the temperature changes of all materials of the wall to be measured and the amplified value, and recording the heat flux density change as amplified heat flux density data;
finding out the data with the highest coincidence degree with the heat flux density data of the indoor side in the actual measurement from the amplified heat flux density data and the calculated heat flux density data, and outputting a wall heat transfer coefficient corresponding to the data with the highest coincidence degree as a detection result.
When finding out the data with the highest coincidence degree with the measured indoor side heat flux density data, drawing a corresponding curve on a graph according to the amplified heat flux density data, the calculated heat flux density data and the measured indoor side heat flux density data, and selecting a curve with the trend and the amplitude close to the curve corresponding to the measured indoor side heat flux density data from the graph as the data with the highest coincidence degree.
The invention further improves the engineering field detection method of the heat transfer coefficient of the wall body under the non-constant temperature condition, when finding out the data which has the highest degree of coincidence with the heat flux density data of the indoor side of the actual measurement, calculating the amplified heat flux density data and the deviation value of the heat flux density data and the heat flux density data of the indoor side of the actual measurement;
and selecting the data with the smallest deviation value as the data with the highest matching degree.
The invention further improves the engineering field detection method of the wall heat transfer coefficient under the non-constant temperature condition, which is characterized in that the heat flow density change of the wall surface of the indoor side of the wall to be detected is calculated by the following formula and recorded as calculated heat flow density data:
in the formula,
representing the calculated heat flux at the corresponding k momentDegree value, h n Representing the heat transfer coefficient of the wall body, ">
Representing the temperature value corresponding to the moment k in the temperature change of the inner wall surface of the wall body chamber to be measured,/>
The temperature value corresponding to the k time in the measured indoor temperature data is shown.
The invention also provides an engineering field detection system for the heat transfer coefficient of the wall body under the non-constant temperature condition, which comprises the following steps:
the indoor air conditioner is arranged for adjusting the indoor temperature to enable the indoor and outdoor of the wall to be tested to generate temperature difference;
the first indoor temperature sensor is used for acquiring indoor temperature of the wall to be detected within a set time to form corresponding actually measured indoor temperature data;
the second outdoor temperature sensor is used for acquiring the outdoor temperature of the wall to be detected within a set time to form corresponding actually measured outdoor temperature data;
the heat flow meter is arranged on the wall surface of the indoor side wall of the wall to be measured and is used for collecting the indoor side heat flow density of the wall to be measured within a set time to form corresponding actual measurement indoor heat flow density data;
the processing module is connected with the air conditioner, the first temperature sensor, the second temperature sensor and the heat flow meter, and is used for establishing a one-dimensional unsteady heat conduction equation corresponding to the wall to be detected, and solving and obtaining the temperature change of all materials of the wall to be detected by using measured indoor temperature data and measured outdoor temperature data acquired by the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor as boundary conditions; the processing module is further used for calculating the heat flux density change of the indoor wall surface of the wall to be measured according to the set value serving as the heat transfer coefficient of the wall and the temperature change of all materials of the wall to be measured obtained by combining the solving, and recording the heat flux density change as calculated heat flux density data; and
the detection module is connected with the processing module and the heat flow meter and is used for comparing and judging the calculated heat flow density data and the actually measured indoor heat flow density data, and if the calculated heat flow density data is larger than or equal to the actually measured indoor heat flow density data, the actual heat transfer coefficient of the wall to be measured is judged to be smaller than or equal to the set value; and if the calculated heat flux density data is smaller than the actually measured indoor heat flux density data, judging that the actual heat transfer coefficient of the wall to be measured is larger than the set value.
The invention further improves the engineering field detection system for the heat transfer coefficient of the wall under the non-constant temperature condition, wherein the processing module is also used for amplifying the set values according to set multiples to obtain corresponding amplified values, calculating the heat flux density change at the indoor wall surface of the wall to be detected by utilizing the amplified values and the temperature change of all materials of the wall to be detected obtained by solving, and recording the heat flux density change as amplified heat flux density data;
the detection module is also used for finding out data with the highest coincidence degree with the measured indoor side heat flux density data from the amplified heat flux density data and the calculated heat flux density data, and outputting a wall heat transfer coefficient corresponding to the data with the highest coincidence degree as a detection result.
The invention further improves the engineering field detection system for the heat transfer coefficient of the wall body under the non-constant temperature condition, wherein the detection module is also used for drawing a corresponding curve on a graph according to the amplified heat flux density data, the calculated heat flux density data and the actually measured indoor heat flux density data, and selecting a curve with the trend and the amplitude close to each curve corresponding to the actually measured indoor heat flux density data from the graph as the data with the highest coincidence degree.
The invention further improves the engineering field detection system for the heat transfer coefficient of the wall body under the non-constant temperature condition, wherein the detection module is also used for calculating the amplified heat flux density data and the deviation value of the heat flux density data and the actually measured indoor heat flux density data, and selecting the data with the smallest deviation value as the data with the highest anastomosis degree.
The invention further improves the engineering field detection system for the heat transfer coefficient of the wall body under the non-constant temperature condition, wherein the processing module calculates the heat flow density data through the following formula:
in the formula,
representing the calculated heat flux density value at the corresponding k moment, h n Representing the heat transfer coefficient of the wall body, ">
Representing the temperature value corresponding to the moment k in the temperature change of the inner wall surface of the wall body chamber to be measured,/>
The temperature value corresponding to the k time in the measured indoor temperature data is shown. />
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the engineering field detection method and system for the heat transfer coefficient of the wall under the non-constant temperature condition.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a wall body of an engineering example.
FIG. 3 is a graph of measured heat flux density in an example of an engineering.
Fig. 4 is a graph showing the measurement results of the indoor and outdoor temperatures actually measured in an engineering example.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing two calculated heat flux density curves versus an actual measured heat flux density curve calculated by the detection system and method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the drawings and the specific examples.
Referring to fig. 1, the invention provides an engineering field detection method and system for wall heat transfer coefficient under non-constant temperature condition, which solves the bottleneck problem that the traditional wall heat transfer coefficient field measurement method must rely on stable air temperature environment, the detection method of the invention is not affected by weather, is tested at any time, does not need waiting, and saves construction period; and a severe indoor constant temperature environment is not required to be provided, so that the test cost is saved, and the measurement result can reflect engineering reality and is more representative. The method and the system for detecting the heat transfer coefficient of the wall body on the engineering site under the non-constant temperature condition are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, a schematic diagram of the engineering field detection method and system for the heat transfer coefficient of the wall under the non-constant temperature condition in fig. 1 is shown. The engineering field detection system for the heat transfer coefficient of the wall body under the non-constant temperature condition is described below with reference to fig. 1.
As shown in fig. 1, the engineering field detection system for the heat transfer coefficient of the wall under the non-constant temperature condition of the invention comprises an indoor air conditioner 21, an indoor first temperature sensor 22, an outdoor second temperature sensor 23, a heat flow meter 24 arranged on the wall surface of the indoor side wall of the wall body 10 to be detected, a processing module and a detection module, wherein the processing module is connected with the air conditioner 21, the first temperature sensor 22, the second temperature sensor 23 and the heat flow meter 24, and the detection module is connected with the processing module and the heat flow meter 24. The air conditioner 21 is used for adjusting the indoor temperature to enable the indoor and outdoor of the wall body 10 to be tested to generate a temperature difference, preferably, the processing module can control the operation of the air conditioner 21 through control instructions, the air conditioner 21 can perform refrigeration and heating, as long as the indoor temperature difference can be formed, the temperature difference is not required to be ensured to be constant, and the indoor temperature is not required to be ensured to be kept constant. The first temperature sensor 22 is arranged near the heat flow meter 24, and the first temperature sensor 22 is used for collecting the indoor temperature of the wall body 10 to be measured within a set time to form corresponding actually measured indoor temperature data; the second temperature sensor 23 is also disposed near the heat flow meter 24, and the second temperature sensor 23 is used for collecting the temperature of the outdoor side of the wall body 10 to be measured within a set time to form corresponding measured outdoor temperature data. The heat flow meter 24 is used for collecting indoor heat flow density of the wall to be measured within a set time to form corresponding actual measurement indoor heat flow density data.
The processing module is used for establishing a one-dimensional unsteady state heat conduction equation corresponding to the wall body 10 to be measured, and solving and obtaining the temperature changes of all materials of the wall body 10 to be measured, namely the temperature fields of all materials in the wall body 10 to be measured at all moments by using the measured indoor temperature data and the measured outdoor temperature data acquired by the first temperature sensor 22 and the second temperature sensor 23 as boundary conditions. Further, the processing module is further used for calculating the heat flux density change of the indoor wall surface of the wall 10 to be measured according to a set value as the heat transfer coefficient of the wall and combining the temperature changes of all materials of the wall to be measured obtained by solving, and recording the heat flux density change as calculated heat flux density data; preferably, the set value is the designed heat transfer coefficient of the wall to be tested, the designed heat transfer coefficient is determined according to the parameters of the design and construction of the wall, and the purpose of engineering site detection of the heat transfer coefficient of the wall is to judge whether the actual heat transfer coefficient of the wall meets the requirement of the designed heat transfer coefficient.
The detection module is used for comparing and judging the calculated heat flux density data and the actually measured indoor heat flux density data, if the calculated heat flux density data is larger than or equal to the actually measured indoor heat flux density data, the actual heat transfer coefficient of the wall body to be detected is judged to be smaller than or equal to a set value, namely, the heat transfer coefficient of the wall body meets the design expected requirement, and if the calculated heat flux density data is smaller than the actually measured indoor heat flux density data, the actual heat transfer coefficient of the wall body to be detected is judged to be larger than the set value, namely, the heat transfer coefficient of the wall body does not meet the design expected requirement.
The detection system calculates the heat flux density at the surface of the wall body at the indoor side by using the set heat transfer coefficient and the actually measured indoor and outdoor temperatures, and then compares the calculated heat flux density with the actually measured heat flux density, and the heat flux density data in a period of time is used for comparing the calculated heat flux density with the calculated heat flux density, so that the detection system can allow the heat flux density to have certain fluctuation, realize the detection of the heat transfer coefficient of the wall body under the non-constant temperature condition, and can rapidly and accurately judge whether the wall body meets the design expected requirement.
In a specific embodiment of the invention, the processing module is further used for amplifying the set values according to set multiples to obtain corresponding amplified values, calculating the heat flux density change of the indoor wall surface of the wall to be measured by using the amplified values and the temperature changes of all materials of the wall to be measured obtained by solving, and recording the heat flux density change as amplified heat flux density data; preferably, the magnification is 1.2, 1.5, 2 or 3.
The detection module is also used for finding out the data with the highest coincidence degree with the measured indoor side heat flux density data from the amplified heat flux density data and the calculated heat flux density data, and outputting the wall heat transfer coefficient corresponding to the data with the highest coincidence degree as a detection result.
The detection system can provide a measured value of the heat transfer coefficient of the wall body, the set heat transfer coefficient of the wall body is amplified, the heat flux density change is calculated correspondingly, so that a heat flux density curve can be drawn, the coincidence degree of all the calculated heat flux density curves and the actually measured heat flux density curve is compared, the heat flux density curve with the highest coincidence degree is selected, and the heat flux density curve with the highest coincidence degree is closest to the actually measured heat flux density curve, so that the corresponding heat transfer coefficient of the wall body is closest to the actual heat transfer coefficient of the wall body.
In one embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, a sun visor 25 is placed outside the wall 10 to be tested to prevent the heat flux measurement from being affected by the irradiation of sunlight. When the sun shield cannot be placed, a sunlight sensor is placed on the wall surface of the outdoor side of the wall body 10 to be measured, the sunlight intensity is recorded, and the parameter of the sunlight intensity is added in the subsequent calculation.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the theoretical basis of the one-dimensional unsteady state heat conduction equation established by the present invention is a classical heat-source-free heat conduction equation, which is as follows:
where t represents temperature, x represents position coordinates (in m), τ represents time (in s), and α (x, τ) represents a thermal conductivity coefficient (in m) 2 S) for walls composed of multiple layers of material, the temperature coefficient is considered to be independent of time, i.e
Where λ (x) is the thermal conductivity (W/(m.K), C of the material at location x p (x) Specific heat capacity (J/(kg. K)) of the material at position x, ρ (x) is the density (kg/m) of the material at position x 3 ). The equation is the one-dimensional unsteady state heat conduction equation of the invention.
When the one-dimensional unsteady state heat conduction equation is solved, the invention adopts the differential calculation method with the simplest hidden format, the calculation method is unconditionally stable, and the time differential step length can take a larger value, so the calculation steps are less, the calculation time is short, and the calculation result is more reliable.
First, a differential format is established:
assuming that each material is divided into a plurality of small sections, nodes are also arranged on material interfaces, n nodes are provided in total, node 1 represents the outermost surface of the wall, node n represents the innermost surface of the wall, and the temperature of each node is set as
Where j represents the node change and k represents the time step. The basic differential format is:
namely:
wherein ,
in the above formula, alpha j,l Indicating the temperature coefficient, alpha, of the material on the left side of the node j j,r Represents the material temperature conductivity coefficient on the right side of the node j, delta tau represents the differential step length of time, delta x j,l Representing the differential step size, deltax, of the position coordinates to the left of node j j,r Representing the difference step length of the position coordinates on the right side of the node j; when j=1 or n, Δx j,l ＝Δx j,r ，α j,l ＝α j,r 。
Then, boundary conditions are established:
when the wall body inner surface temperature is calculated, a third type of boundary condition is established according to the following steps:
wherein ,h1 Represents the outdoor side convection heat transfer coefficient (m 2 ·K)，h n Represents the indoor side convection heat transfer coefficient (m 2 ·K)，C p1 Represents the specific heat capacity (J/(kg. K), C of the material of the wall body on the outside of the room pn The specific heat capacity (J/(kg. K), ρ of the material of the wall body on the indoor side 1 Represents the density of the material (kg/m) 3 )，ρ n Represents the density (kg/m) of the material of the wall body on the indoor side 3 )，ρ s Represents the solar radiation absorption coefficient of the outer surface, l k+1 Represents the total radiation intensity (W/m) of the surface normal sun at time k+1 2 ) Including direct and diffuse, which can be calculated without regard to the effect of solar radiation when using a sun visor, taking 0 when calculating, taking the measured value of the insolation sensor when there is no sun visor,
represents the outdoor air temperature (DEG C) at time k+ 1, which is measured by an outdoor temperature sensor,/-on>
The indoor air temperature (. Degree. C.) at the k+1st time is indicated, and this value is measured by an indoor temperature sensor. Lambda (lambda) 1,r Represents the heat conductivity coefficient of the material on the right side of the node 1, namely the heat conductivity coefficient of the material on the outermost side of the wall (outdoor side), deltax 1,r Representing the difference step length of the position coordinates on the right side of the node 1, namely the length of the outermost grid of the wall body, lambda n,l Represents the heat conductivity coefficient of the material at the left side of the node n, namely the heat conductivity coefficient of the innermost layer material (indoor side) of the wall body, delta x n,l And the difference step length of the position coordinates at the left side of the node n is represented, namely the length of the innermost grid of the wall body. />
The boundary conditions described above may be rewritten in the following format:
wherein ,
and finally, establishing a linear equation set based on the established differential format and the boundary condition, wherein the linear equation set is stored in the processing module, and further, obtaining the temperature change condition of each layer of material of the wall body by inputting each received parameter into the linear equation set.
In case the temperature field at the k-th moment is known, the temperature field at the k+1-th moment can be obtained by solving the above equation set. Since the temperature field at the initial moment is known, the temperature field at all later moments can be calculated, and the temperature change of all materials of the wall body can be obtained.
Further, the processing module calculates the heat flux density data by the following formula:
in the formula,
representing the calculated heat flux density value at the corresponding k moment, h n Representing the heat transfer coefficient of the wall body, ">
Representing the temperature value corresponding to the moment k in the temperature change of the inner wall surface of the wall body chamber to be measured,/>
The measured value from the first temperature sensor indicates the temperature value corresponding to time k in the measured indoor temperature data. Since the temperature change of all materials of the wall body has been obtained in the above step, the temperature change of the inner wall surface of the chamber can be directly extracted. />
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the detection module is further configured to draw a corresponding curve on a graph according to the amplified heat flux density data, the calculated heat flux density data, and the measured indoor heat flux density data, and select a curve with a trend and an amplitude close to each curve corresponding to the measured indoor heat flux density data from the graph as the data with the highest matching degree.
And each heat flux density data is drawn on one graph, and the heat flux curve closest to the actually measured heat flux curve can be directly compared, so that the realization is simple and convenient.
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the detection module is further configured to calculate the amplified heat flux density data and a deviation value between the heat flux density data and the measured indoor heat flux density data, and select the data with the smallest deviation value as the data with the highest matching degree.
The deviation value calculation formula is as follows:
wherein Q represents the actual heat flow curve, Q d Representing calculated heat flow curve e j The calculated heat flow curve corresponding to the minimum value is the curve with the highest coincidence degree with the actually measured heat flow curve.
An engineering case is described below.
As shown in fig. 2, the engineering outer wall adopts an outer heat preservation system of an ALC plate and an I-type STP, and sequentially comprises an outer wall paint layer 1, a facing base layer 2, a plastering mortar and alkali-resistant coating net cloth layer 3, an I-type STP vacuum insulation board 4, an adhesive mortar layer 5, a cement mortar leveling layer 6, an ALC plate 7, an interface treating agent layer 8, a mixed mortar priming layer 9, a mixed mortar leveling layer 10 and an inner wall paint layer 11 from outside to inside, wherein the design parameters of the material layers are shown in the following table:
TABLE 1 design parameters table for wall layers
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the measured heat flow measurement results and the indoor and outdoor temperature measurement results are shown.
The detection system of the invention firstly calculates the calculated heat flux density data Q of the indoor side wall surface under the design heat transfer coefficient d0 Then multiplying the heat conductivity coefficient of each layer of material by an amplification coefficient of 1.5, and recalculating to obtain the calculated heat flux density Q of the indoor wall surface d1 。
Calculating heat flux density Q from heat flux measurement result Q d0 and Qd1 The graph is drawn on the same graph, wherein the abscissa is time and the ordinate is heat flux density. As shown in FIG. 5, the lowest curve is the curve corresponding to the heat flow measurement result, and the heat flow density Q is calculated d0 The corresponding curve is slightly higher than the heat flow measurement result curve to calculate the heat flow density Q d1 Far greater than the heat flux measurement curve, it can be seen that the heat flux density Q is calculated d0 The curve fitting degree with the heat flow measurement result is highest, and the actual heat transfer coefficient of the wall body is not higher than 0.2W/(m) 2 K) satisfying design expectations.
The invention also provides an engineering field detection method for the heat transfer coefficient of the wall body under the non-constant temperature condition, and the detection method is described below.
The invention relates to an engineering field detection method for a wall heat transfer coefficient under a non-constant temperature condition, which comprises the following steps:
adjusting the indoor temperature to enable the indoor and outdoor temperature differences of the wall to be tested to be generated;
acquiring the indoor temperature, the outdoor temperature and the indoor heat flux density of a wall to be detected within a set time to form corresponding actually measured indoor temperature data, actually measured outdoor temperature data and actually measured indoor heat flux density data;
establishing a one-dimensional unsteady heat conduction equation corresponding to the wall to be measured, and solving and obtaining the temperature change of all materials of the wall to be measured by using the acquired actually measured indoor temperature data and actually measured outdoor temperature data as boundary conditions;
setting the heat transfer coefficient of the wall body as a set value;
calculating the heat flux density change of the indoor wall surface of the wall to be measured by using the temperature changes and the set values of all materials of the wall to be measured obtained by solving, and recording the heat flux density change as calculated heat flux density data; and
comparing the calculated heat flux density data with the actual measurement indoor heat flux density data, and judging that the actual heat transfer coefficient of the wall to be measured is smaller than or equal to a set value if the calculated heat flux density data is larger than or equal to the actual measurement indoor heat flux density data; and if the calculated heat flux density data is smaller than the actually measured indoor heat flux density data, judging that the actual heat transfer coefficient of the wall to be measured is larger than a set value.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the method further comprises:
amplifying the set values according to a plurality of set multiples to obtain corresponding amplified values;
calculating the heat flux density change of the indoor wall surface of the wall to be measured according to the temperature change and the amplified value of all materials of the wall to be measured, and recording the heat flux density change as amplified heat flux density data;
and finding out the data with the highest coincidence degree with the measured indoor heat flux density data from the amplified heat flux density data and the calculated heat flux density data, and outputting the wall heat transfer coefficient corresponding to the data with the highest coincidence degree as a detection result.
In a specific embodiment of the invention, when finding out the data with the highest coincidence degree with the actually measured indoor side heat flux density data, drawing a corresponding curve on a graph according to the amplified heat flux density data, the calculated heat flux density data and the actually measured indoor side heat flux density data, and selecting a curve with the trend and the amplitude close to each curve corresponding to the actually measured indoor side heat flux density data from the graph as the data with the highest coincidence degree.
In a specific embodiment of the invention, when finding out the data which is the highest in coincidence degree with the actually measured indoor side heat flux density data, calculating the amplified heat flux density data and the deviation value of the heat flux density data and the actually measured indoor side heat flux density data;
and selecting the data with the smallest deviation value as the data with the highest matching degree.
In one embodiment of the invention, the heat flux density change at the surface of the indoor wall of the wall to be measured is calculated by the following formula and recorded as calculated heat flux density data:
in the formula,
representing the calculated heat flux density value at the corresponding k moment, h n Representing the heat transfer coefficient of the wall body, ">
Representing the temperature value corresponding to the moment k in the temperature change of the inner wall surface of the wall body chamber to be measured,/>
The temperature value corresponding to the k time in the measured indoor temperature data is shown.
The present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments of the drawings, and those skilled in the art can make various modifications to the invention based on the above description. Accordingly, certain details of the illustrated embodiments are not to be taken as limiting the invention, which is defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The engineering field detection method for the heat transfer coefficient of the wall body under the non-constant temperature condition is characterized by comprising the following steps:
adjusting the indoor temperature to enable the indoor and outdoor temperature differences of the wall to be tested to be generated;
acquiring the indoor temperature, the outdoor temperature and the indoor heat flux density of a wall to be detected within a set time to form corresponding actually measured indoor temperature data, actually measured outdoor temperature data and actually measured indoor heat flux density data;
establishing a one-dimensional unsteady heat conduction equation corresponding to the wall to be measured, and solving and obtaining the temperature change of all materials of the wall to be measured by using the acquired actually measured indoor temperature data and actually measured outdoor temperature data as boundary conditions; the established one-dimensional unsteady state heat conduction equation is as follows:
where t represents temperature, x represents position coordinates (in m), τ represents time (in s), and α (x, τ) represents a thermal conductivity coefficient (in m) 2 S) for walls composed of multiple layers of material, the temperature coefficient is considered to be independent of time, i.e
Where λ (x) is the thermal conductivity (W/(m.K), C of the material at location x p (x) Specific heat capacity (J/(kg. K)) of the material at position x, ρ (x) is the density (kg/m) of the material at position x 3 )；
When solving a one-dimensional unsteady state heat conduction equation, adopting a differential calculation method of a simplest hidden format:
first, a differential format is established:
assuming that each material is divided into a plurality of small sections, nodes are also arranged on material interfaces, n nodes are provided in total, node 1 represents the outermost surface of the wall, node n represents the innermost surface of the wall, and the temperature of each node is set as
Where j represents node change and k represents time step, then the basic differential format is:
namely:
wherein ,
in the above formula, alpha j,l Indicating the temperature coefficient, alpha, of the material on the left side of the node j j,r Represents the material temperature conductivity coefficient on the right side of the node j, delta tau represents the differential step length of time, delta x j,l Representing the differential step size, deltax, of the position coordinates to the left of node j j,r Representing the difference step length of the position coordinates on the right side of the node j; when j=1 or n, Δx j,l ＝Δx j,r ，α j,l ＝α j,r ；
Then, boundary conditions are established:
when the wall body inner surface temperature is calculated, a third type of boundary condition is established according to the following steps:
wherein ,h1 Represents the outdoor side convection heat transfer coefficient (m 2 ·K)，h n Represents the indoor side convection heat transfer coefficient (m 2 ·K)，C p1 Represents the specific heat capacity (J/(kg. K), C of the material of the wall body on the outside of the room pn The specific heat capacity (J/(kg. K), ρ of the material of the wall body on the indoor side 1 Represents the density of the material (kg/m) 3 )，ρ n Represents the density (kg/m) of the material of the wall body on the indoor side 3 )，ρ s Represents the solar radiation absorption coefficient of the outer surface, l k+1 Represents the total radiation intensity (W/m) of the surface normal sun at time k+1 2 ) Including direct and diffuse, which can be calculated without regard to the effect of solar radiation when using a sun visor, taking 0 when calculating, taking the measured value of the insolation sensor when there is no sun visor,
represents the outdoor air temperature (DEG C) at time k+1, which is measured by an outdoor temperature sensor,/-on>
The indoor air temperature (. Degree. C.) at the k+1st time is indicated, and this value is measured by an indoor temperature sensor. Lambda (lambda) 1,r Represents the heat conductivity coefficient of the material on the right side of the node 1, namely the heat conductivity coefficient of the material on the outermost side of the wall (outdoor side), deltax 1,r Representing the difference step length of the position coordinates on the right side of the node 1, namely the length of the outermost grid of the wall body, lambda n,l Represents the heat conductivity coefficient of the material at the left side of the node n, namely the heat conductivity coefficient of the innermost layer material (indoor side) of the wall body, delta x n,l Representing the difference step length of the position coordinates at the left side of the node n, namely the length of the innermost layer grid of the wall body;
the boundary conditions described above may be rewritten in the following format:
wherein ,
finally, a system of linear equations is built based on the built differential format and the boundary conditions:
under the condition that the temperature field at the kth moment is known, the temperature field at the (k+1) th moment can be obtained by solving the equation set;
setting the heat transfer coefficient of the wall body as a set value;
calculating the heat flux density change of the indoor wall surface of the wall to be measured by using the temperature changes of all materials of the wall to be measured and the set value obtained by solving, and recording the heat flux density change as calculated heat flux density data; and
comparing the calculated heat flux density data with the actually measured indoor heat flux density data, and judging that the actual heat transfer coefficient of the wall to be measured is smaller than or equal to the set value if the calculated heat flux density data is larger than or equal to the actually measured indoor heat flux density data; and if the calculated heat flux density data is smaller than the actually measured indoor heat flux density data, judging that the actual heat transfer coefficient of the wall to be measured is larger than the set value.
2. The method for on-site engineering detection of heat transfer coefficients of walls under non-isothermal conditions according to claim 1, further comprising:
amplifying the set values according to a plurality of set multiples to obtain corresponding amplified values;
calculating the heat flux density change of the indoor wall surface of the wall to be measured by using the temperature changes of all materials of the wall to be measured and the amplified value, and recording the heat flux density change as amplified heat flux density data;
finding out the data with the highest coincidence degree with the heat flux density data of the indoor side in the actual measurement from the amplified heat flux density data and the calculated heat flux density data, and outputting a wall heat transfer coefficient corresponding to the data with the highest coincidence degree as a detection result.
3. The method for on-site detection of heat transfer coefficients of walls under non-constant temperature conditions according to claim 2, wherein when finding out the data with the highest coincidence degree with the measured indoor side heat flux density data, drawing a corresponding curve on a graph according to the amplified heat flux density data, the calculated heat flux density data and the measured indoor side heat flux density data, and selecting a curve with the trend and the amplitude close to each curve corresponding to the measured indoor side heat flux density data from the graph as the data with the highest coincidence degree.
4. The method for on-site detection of heat transfer coefficients of walls under non-isothermal conditions according to claim 2, wherein when finding out data which is the highest in coincidence with the measured indoor side heat flux density data, calculating the amplified heat flux density data and deviation values of the heat flux density data and the measured indoor side heat flux density data;
and selecting the data with the smallest deviation value as the data with the highest matching degree.
5. The method for on-site engineering detection of heat transfer coefficients of walls under non-constant temperature conditions according to claim 1, wherein the heat flux density change at the surface of the indoor wall of the wall to be detected is calculated by the following formula, and is recorded as calculated heat flux density data:
in the formula,
representing the calculated heat flux density value at the corresponding k moment, h n Representing the heat transfer coefficient of the wall body, ">
Representing the temperature value corresponding to the moment k in the temperature change of the inner wall surface of the wall body chamber to be measured,/>
The temperature value corresponding to the k time in the measured indoor temperature data is shown.
6. An engineering field detection system for heat transfer coefficient of wall under non-constant temperature condition, which is characterized by comprising:
the indoor air conditioner is arranged for adjusting the indoor temperature to enable the indoor and outdoor of the wall to be tested to generate temperature difference;
the first indoor temperature sensor is used for acquiring indoor temperature of the wall to be detected within a set time to form corresponding actually measured indoor temperature data;
the second outdoor temperature sensor is used for acquiring the outdoor temperature of the wall to be detected within a set time to form corresponding actually measured outdoor temperature data;
the heat flow meter is arranged on the wall surface of the indoor side wall of the wall to be measured and is used for collecting the indoor side heat flow density of the wall to be measured within a set time to form corresponding actually measured indoor heat flow density data;
the processing module is connected with the air conditioner, the first temperature sensor, the second temperature sensor and the heat flow meter, and is used for establishing a one-dimensional unsteady heat conduction equation corresponding to the wall to be detected, and solving and obtaining the temperature change of all materials of the wall to be detected by using measured indoor temperature data and measured outdoor temperature data acquired by the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor as boundary conditions; the processing module is further used for calculating the heat flux density change of the indoor wall surface of the wall to be measured according to the set value serving as the heat transfer coefficient of the wall and the temperature change of all materials of the wall to be measured obtained by combining the solving, and recording the heat flux density change as calculated heat flux density data; and
the established one-dimensional unsteady state heat conduction equation is as follows:
where t represents temperature, x represents position coordinates (in m), τ represents time (in s), and α (x, τ) represents a thermal conductivity coefficient (in m) 2 S) for walls composed of multiple layers of material, the temperature coefficient is considered to be independent of time, i.e
Where λ (x) is the thermal conductivity (W/(m.K), C of the material at location x p (x) Specific heat capacity (J/(kg. K)) of the material at position x, ρ (x) is the density (kg/m) of the material at position x 3 )；
When solving a one-dimensional unsteady state heat conduction equation, adopting a differential calculation method of a simplest hidden format:
first, a differential format is established:
assuming that each material is divided into a plurality of small sections, nodes are also arranged on material interfaces, n nodes are provided in total, node 1 represents the outermost surface of the wall, node n represents the innermost surface of the wall, and the temperature of each node is set as
Where j represents node change and k represents time step, then the basic differential format is:
namely:
wherein ,
in the above formula, alpha j,l Indicating the temperature coefficient, alpha, of the material on the left side of the node j j,r Represents the material temperature conductivity coefficient on the right side of the node j, delta tau represents the differential step length of time, delta x j,l Representing the differential step size, deltax, of the position coordinates to the left of node j j,r Representing the difference step length of the position coordinates on the right side of the node j; when j=1 or n, Δx j,l ＝Δx j,r ，α j,l ＝α j,r ；
Then, boundary conditions are established:
when the wall body inner surface temperature is calculated, a third type of boundary condition is established according to the following steps:
wherein ,h1 Represents the outdoor side convection heat transfer coefficient (m 2 ·K)，h n Represents the indoor side convection heat transfer coefficient (m 2 ·K)，C p1 Represents the specific heat capacity (J/(kg. K), C of the material of the wall body on the outside of the room pn The specific heat capacity (J/(kg. K), ρ of the material of the wall body on the indoor side 1 Represents the density of the material (kg/m) 3 )，ρ n Represents the density (kg/m) of the material of the wall body on the indoor side 3 )，ρ s Represents the solar radiation absorption coefficient of the outer surface, l k+1 Represents the total radiation intensity (W/m) of the surface normal sun at time k+1 2 ) Including direct and diffuse, which can be calculated without regard to the effect of solar radiation when using a sun visor, taking 0 when calculating, taking the measured value of the insolation sensor when there is no sun visor,
represents the outdoor air temperature (DEG C) at time k+1, which is measured by an outdoor temperature sensor,/-on>
The indoor air temperature (. Degree. C.) at the (k+1) th time is indicated, and this value is transmitted by the indoor temperatureAnd (5) measuring by a sensor. Lambda (lambda) 1,r Represents the heat conductivity coefficient of the material on the right side of the node 1, namely the heat conductivity coefficient of the material on the outermost side of the wall (outdoor side), deltax 1,r Representing the difference step length of the position coordinates on the right side of the node 1, namely the length of the outermost grid of the wall body, lambda n,l Represents the heat conductivity coefficient of the material at the left side of the node n, namely the heat conductivity coefficient of the innermost layer material (indoor side) of the wall body, delta x n,l Representing the difference step length of the position coordinates at the left side of the node n, namely the length of the innermost layer grid of the wall body;
the boundary conditions described above may be rewritten in the following format:
wherein ,
finally, a system of linear equations is built based on the built differential format and the boundary conditions:
under the condition that the temperature field at the kth moment is known, the temperature field at the (k+1) th moment can be obtained by solving the equation set;
the detection module is connected with the processing module and the heat flow meter and is used for comparing and judging the calculated heat flow density data and the actually measured indoor heat flow density data, and if the calculated heat flow density data is larger than or equal to the actually measured indoor heat flow density data, the actual heat transfer coefficient of the wall to be measured is judged to be smaller than or equal to the set value; and if the calculated heat flux density data is smaller than the actually measured indoor heat flux density data, judging that the actual heat transfer coefficient of the wall to be measured is larger than the set value.
7. The on-site engineering detection system for heat transfer coefficient of wall under non-constant temperature condition according to claim 6, wherein the processing module is further configured to amplify the set values according to set multiples to obtain corresponding amplified values, calculate the heat flux density change at the indoor wall surface of the wall to be detected by using the amplified values and the temperature change of all materials of the wall to be detected obtained by solving, and record the heat flux density change as amplified heat flux density data;
the detection module is also used for finding out data with the highest coincidence degree with the measured indoor side heat flux density data from the amplified heat flux density data and the calculated heat flux density data, and outputting a wall heat transfer coefficient corresponding to the data with the highest coincidence degree as a detection result.
8. The system of claim 7, wherein the detection module is further configured to draw a corresponding curve on a graph according to the amplified heat flux density data, the calculated heat flux density data, and the measured indoor heat flux density data, and select a curve with a trend and an amplitude close to each of the curves corresponding to the measured indoor heat flux density data from the graph as the data with the highest matching degree.
9. The system of claim 7, wherein the detection module is further configured to calculate the amplified heat flux density data and a deviation value between the heat flux density data and the measured indoor heat flux density data, and select the data with the smallest deviation value as the data with the highest matching degree.
10. The on-site engineering detection system for heat transfer coefficients of walls under non-isothermal conditions according to claim 6, wherein said processing module calculates heat flux density data by the formula:
in the formula,
representing the calculated heat flux density value at the corresponding k moment, h n Representing the heat transfer coefficient of the wall body, ">
Representing the temperature value corresponding to the moment k in the temperature change of the inner wall surface of the wall body chamber to be measured,/>
The temperature value corresponding to the k time in the measured indoor temperature data is shown. />
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