CN113533297B - Super-hydrophobic CuO @ Ag nanowire array and application of array in circulating SERS (surface enhanced Raman scattering) detection of malachite green - Google Patents
Super-hydrophobic CuO @ Ag nanowire array and application of array in circulating SERS (surface enhanced Raman scattering) detection of malachite green Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a super-hydrophobic CuO @ Ag nanowire array and application thereof in circulating SERS (surface enhanced Raman scattering) detection of malachite green 2 Calcining the nanowire array to obtain a CuO nanowire array, and sputtering and depositing a layer of silver nanoparticle film on the surface of the CuO nanowire array to obtain the CuO @ Ag nanowire array with the super-hydrophobic surface. The concentration effect of the super-hydrophobic surface improves the Raman detection limit of the CuO @ Ag nanowire array on the malachite green. Meanwhile, the degradation of the residue of malachite green in aquatic products is realized by utilizing the photocatalytic degradation effect of CuO, so that the recycling of CuO @ Ag nanowire arrays is obtained. The preparation process of the super-hydrophobic CuO @ Ag nanowire array is simple, the cost is low, the repeatability is high, the detection sensitivity is high, the detection method is simple and easy to operate, and self-cleaning and recycling are achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of chemical analysis and detection, and particularly relates to a super-hydrophobic CuO @ Ag nanowire array and application of the array in circulating SERS (surface enhanced Raman scattering) detection of malachite green in aquatic products.
Background
In recent years, surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) has been widely used as a simple and efficient analysis method in areas of food safety, medical detection, environmental monitoring, and the like. Theoretical research and accumulation of experimental results of a large number of scientific researchers find that the SERS substrate with the micro-nano structure prepared on the substrate can effectively improve the Raman signal intensity. It is well known that the effective electric field hot spot at the surface of a SERS substrate is only a few square nanometers in size. In real life, most of the substances to be detected can freely diffuse in the water solvent, so that the possibility that the substances to be detected and the effective hot spot area meet is very low. Therefore, the sensor cannot be used for detection of a low concentration substance. To overcome these limitations, researchers have developed superhydrophobic surface SERS detection substrates. Researches show that the super-hydrophobic surface SERS substrate can effectively drive liquid drop molecules to be continuously concentrated, so that more detected molecules are gathered in an effective hot spot area. In the subsequent SERS signal detection process, the super-hydrophobic surface SERS substrate can effectively improve the Raman detection sensitivity through the concentration effect, and the detection limit of the detected substance is reduced. At present, although the super-hydrophobic surface SERS substrate prepared by people has excellent SERS detection performance, the cycle performance is low. Therefore, it is very important to prepare the super-hydrophobic surface SERS substrate which is environment-friendly, has high stability, and has excellent cycle performance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, and constructs a super-hydrophobic CuO @ Ag nanowire array to realize the detection and identification of trace malachite green.
Aiming at the purpose, the super-hydrophobic CuO @ Ag nanowire array provided by the invention is prepared by the following method: firstly, putting a polymethyl methacrylate/anodic aluminum oxide (PMMA/AAO) template into acetone to completely separate AAO (anodic aluminum oxide) from polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), then transferring the AAO to the surface of a Cu substrate, and drying at room temperature; then, oxygen is addedDripping alkaline aqueous solution of the agent on the surface of the copper substrate carrying the AAO template, so that the solution is immersed into the AAO holes to carry out oxidation reaction with the copper substrate to generate Cu (OH) 2 Calcining the nanowire array to obtain a CuO nanowire array; and then sputtering and depositing a layer of Ag nano-particle film on the surface of the CuO nano-wire array to obtain the CuO @ Ag nano-wire array with super-hydrophobic property.
The copper substrate for surface cleaning treatment adopts a mixed solvent of acetone, ethanol and deionized water to ultrasonically clean the copper substrate, so that the surface cleaning treatment is realized.
In the preparation method, the temperature of the oxidation reaction is room temperature, and the time is 10-60 minutes.
In the above production method, the oxidizing agent is preferably any one of sodium hypochlorite, potassium hypochlorite and potassium persulfate, and the concentration of the oxidizing agent in the alkaline aqueous solution is preferably 0.05 to 0.2mol/L.
The alkaline aqueous solution is an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide, and the concentration of the aqueous solution is 0.5-1 mol/L.
In the above production method, the calcination temperature is preferably 180 to 230 ℃ and the time is preferably 2 to 4 hours.
The super-hydrophobic CuO @ Ag nanowire array can be used as an SERS substrate for detecting malachite green.
The invention takes AAO as a sacrificial template for synthesizing an ordered array, and Cu (OH) is grown in situ on the surface of an original copper substrate through simple oxidation treatment 2 Nanowire and continue to grow in the limited area in the holes of the AAO template, since the oxidation reaction between the oxidant molecule and the copper substrate is mainly carried out in the limited area space of the AAO template, so that Cu (OH) 2 The nanowire grows in the holes of the AAO template in a limited mode, and finally Cu (OH) is formed on the surface of the copper substrate 2 Nanowire array of Cu (OH) 2 Calcining the nanowire array to obtain a CuO nanowire array, and then sputtering a layer of Ag nanoparticle film on the surface to finally prepare the super-hydrophobic CuO @ Ag nanowire array with an ordered structure. As the surface of the super-hydrophobic CuO @ Ag nanowire array has a periodic ordered plasma structure, numerous uniformly distributed SERS detection activity hot spots can be generated. Thus, cuO @ Ag nanowire array pair adsorptionThe detected molecules on the surface show high-sensitivity SERS activity. In addition, by virtue of the visible light catalytic degradation performance of CuO, visible light photolysis can be performed on target detection molecules remained after SERS detection, and self-cleaning of the surface of the CuO @ Ag nanowire array is realized. Therefore, the CuO @ Ag nanowire array can be used as a SERS substrate to carry out cyclic SERS detection on target detection molecules.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the super-hydrophobic CuO @ Ag nanowire array serving as the SERS substrate has the advantages of excellent SERS Raman enhancement effect, excellent stability and excellent sensitivity, catalytic degradation of a detected substance under visible light is realized by utilizing the photocatalytic degradation effect of CuO, and the recyclable performance is obtained. Meanwhile, the super-hydrophobic CuO @ Ag nanowire array has the advantages of simple preparation process, low cost, high repeatability, excellent detection sensitivity, simple and easy detection method and operation, realizes self-cleaning and recycling, and can be used for SERS sensing. Malachite Green (MG) is selected as a target molecule, and the Raman enhancement effect of the super-hydrophobic CuO @ Ag nanowire array SERS active substrate on MG, the photocatalytic degradation performance and the recyclable SERS7 detection performance are tested. The experimental results show that: cuO @ Ag nanowire array has excellent Raman enhancement effect, and the concentration effect on super-hydrophobic surface has improved the Raman detection limit to malachite green, and simultaneously, the photocatalysis degradation effect of CuO has been utilized and has been realized having excellent circulated SERS detection performance to the remaining degradation of malachite green medicine in the aquatic products.
Drawings
Figure 1 is a top view and cross-sectional SEM image of CuO nanowire arrays.
Figure 2 is a contact angle plot of CuO nanowire arrays.
Fig. 3 is TEM, HRTEM, and SAED images of a CuO nanowire array local.
Figure 4 is an XRD pattern of CuO nanowire arrays.
Figure 5 is an XPS total spectrum of CuO nanowire arrays.
FIG. 6 is an XPS spectrum of Cu2p in CuO nanowire arrays.
FIG. 7 is top view and cross-sectional SEM images of an array of superhydrophobic CuO @ Ag nanowires.
FIG. 8 is a contact angle plot of an array of superhydrophobic CuO @ Ag nanowires.
FIG. 9 is TEM, HRTEM and SAED images of a superhydrophobic CuO @ Ag bowl-like array section.
FIG. 10 is an XRD pattern of an array of superhydrophobic CuO @ Ag nanowires.
FIG. 11 is an XPS total spectrum of an superhydrophobic CuO @ Ag nanowire array.
FIG. 12 is an XPS spectra of Ag3d in superhydrophobic CuO @ Ag nanowire arrays.
FIG. 13 is a plot of the optical morphology evolution of water droplet evaporation of superhydrophobic CuO @ Ag nanowire arrays at ambient conditions.
FIG. 14 is SERS spectra of superhydrophobic CuO @ Ag nanowire arrays against different concentrations of malachite green.
FIG. 15 is an SERS spectrogram obtained by detecting malachite green at 50 random points on a super-hydrophobic CuO @ Ag nanowire array.
FIG. 16 is the alignment of a superhydrophobic CuO @ Ag nanowire array under the assistance of visible light to a 1 × 10 nanowire array -4 And (3) degrading the moll/L malachite green solution to obtain a real-time SERS detection spectrogram.
FIG. 17 is a SERS spectrogram of a super-hydrophobic CuO @ Ag nanowire array subjected to 6 degradation-reabsorption tests under the assistance of visible light.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and examples, but the scope of protection of the invention is not limited to these examples.
Example 1
And (2) cutting a copper foil with the size of 1cm multiplied by 1cm, putting the copper foil into a mixed solvent containing acetone, ethanol and deionized water in a volume ratio of 1. Cutting a PMMA/AAO template with a certain size, and putting the PMMA/AAO template into acetone to completely separate the AAO from the PMMA. Subsequently, AAO was transferred to the surface of the surface-cleaned copper foil and dried at room temperature to obtain an AAO-carrying copper foil.
2.00g (0.5 mol) of sodium hydroxide and 1.35g (0.05 mol) of potassium persulfate were added to 100mL of deionized water and dissolved by sonication for 10 minutes to form a homogeneous mixed solution. Dripping 5mL of the obtained mixed solution on the surface of a copper foil carrying the AAO to ensure that the mixed solution is immersed in AAO holes, washing with ultrapure water to remove an AAO template after reacting for 20 minutes, and naturally drying at room temperature to obtain ordered Cu (OH) 2 And (4) nanowire arrays. Then, cu (OH) 2 And placing the nanowire array in a muffle furnace, calcining for 3 hours at 200 ℃, and cooling to obtain the CuO nanowire array. And a layer of Ag nano-particle film is formed on the surface of the CuO nanowire array through silver foil sputtering, and finally the super-hydrophobic CuO @ Ag nanowire array in ordered arrangement is obtained.
The prepared CuO nanowire array was subjected to morphology characterization by a cold Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), as shown in FIG. 1. As can be seen from the figure, the resulting sample is a three-dimensional nanobeam array structure, which is further confirmed from the side in a cross-sectional view (see fig. 1 b). The roughness of the sample surface is significantly increased compared to the original copper foil, which is critical for the wettability of the sample surface. It is well known that the wettability of a solid surface is determined primarily by its surface chemical composition and topography. Therefore, contact angle tests were performed on the CuO nanowire array, and as a result, as shown in fig. 2, the sample showed hydrophobicity in air, and the Water Contact Angle (WCA) thereof was 132.1 ± 1.0 °. Fig. 3 is TEM, HRTEM and SAED images of a single CuO nanowire, from which the morphology of the CuO nanowire can be clearly observed, and analysis of the lattice fringes thereof shows that the interplanar spacing is 0.253nm, corresponding to the (002) crystal plane in the CuO (JCPDS card number 80-1917) standard card. As can be seen from the selected area electron diffraction Spectroscopy (SAED), the CuO nanowire array is a polycrystalline material. Further analysis of crystal structure and surface chemical components and electronic structure of the CuO nanowire array by X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, as shown in fig. 4, 5 and 6, also fully demonstrates that the main component of the calcined nanowire array is CuO. The surface morphology of the super-hydrophobic CuO @ Ag nanowire array is characterized by adopting a cold Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM). As can be seen from fig. 7, the deposition of Ag nanoparticles did not significantly change the morphology of CuO nanowire arrays, still maintaining the three-dimensional nanobeam array structure. As can be seen from the cross-sectional view (see FIG. 7 c) of the CuO @ Ag nanowire array, the nanowires are kept in an upright state near the surface portion of the copper foil; the nanowires are adhered to each other near the top of the nanowires, and the formation process of the nano-beams is further proved from the side. The surface wettability changes along with the change of the chemical element composition of the sample surface. Therefore, when the contact angle was measured for the cuo @ ag nanowire array (sample left for 4 days), the sample showed superhydrophobicity in air, and the Water Contact Angle (WCA) was 152.1 ± 0.8 °, as shown in fig. 8. FIGS. 9-12 are TEM, HRTEM, SAED, XRD, and XPS images of superhydrophobic CuO @ Ag nanowire arrays, further confirming successful silvering of the substrate surface. The super-hydrophobic CuO @ Ag nanowire array is tested to concentrate the effect on water drops, and the result shows that along with continuous evaporation of the water drops on the surface of the super-hydrophobic CuO @ Ag nanowire array, the volume of the water drops continuously shrinks, so that the diameter of the water drops is reduced, and the concentrating effect is achieved. FIG. 13 is an evaporation evolution process of droplets at room temperature after 6. Mu.L of malachite green solution is dripped on the surface of a super-hydrophobic CuO @ Ag nanowire array. It is apparent from the figure that the contact area between the droplet and the sample surface is significantly reduced when the time is increased to 10 minutes. After about 49 minutes, the water drop evaporates completely under the unchangeable condition of baseline, and whole process can be seen, and super hydrophobic CuO @ Ag nanowire array surface has the concentration effect, provides good basis for following SERS detection, can further improve SERS detection's sensitivity.
Example 2
Application of super-hydrophobic CuO @ Ag nanowire array used as SERS substrate to detect malachite green in embodiment 1
First, malachite green aqueous solutions (10) of different concentrations were prepared -3 ～10 -12 mol/L). Then cutting a 1cm multiplied by 1cm super-hydrophobic CuO @ Ag nanowire array, sucking 10 mu L of malachite green aqueous solution by a liquid-transferring gun at room temperature, dropwise adding the malachite green aqueous solution on the surface of the super-hydrophobic CuO @ Ag nanowire array, continuously shrinking the liquid drops in the evaporation drying process due to the concentration effect, and finally obtaining the malachite greenThe molecules are dispersed in a small area of the surface of the sample to obtain a sample to be detected. Then, the test was performed by using a confocal micro laser Raman spectrometer (both the drying of the sample and the test were performed in a dark room). During the test, 10 different points were randomly selected for each sample. The excitation light source is lambda =532nm, the data acquisition time is 10 seconds, and the light source intensity is 1mW. FIG. 14 shows malachite green concentration from 10 -3 mol/L to 10 -12 SERS spectrum in mol/L. As can be seen from the figure, the Raman characteristic peak intensity is obviously reduced along with the reduction of the concentration of the malachite green, and when the concentration of the malachite green is as low as 10 -12 Obvious Raman signals can be detected at mol/L, and the super-hydrophobic CuO @ Ag nanowire array serving as the SERS substrate has lower SERS detection limit and excellent Raman enhancement effect on malachite green molecules. To 10 -6 ～10 -12 Linear fitting is carried out on data in the range of mol/L malachite green, and calculation shows that the lowest concentration of the super-hydrophobic CuO @ Ag nanowire array capable of detecting malachite green molecules is 6.73 multiplied by 10 -13 mol/L。
To a concentration of 10 -4 The moll/L of malachite green water solution is dropped on the surface of the CuO @ Ag nanowire array and then used as a sample to be detected, and then 50 points are randomly selected from the sample (5 samples are prepared under the same condition, and 10 points are randomly selected from each sample) to collect Raman signals (see figure 15). As can be seen from the figure, no obvious difference appears between the peak type and the intensity of the Raman test result of each point, and the prepared material maintains good structural integrity and component uniformity.
The visible light self-cleaning performance and the recycling performance of the super-hydrophobic CuO @ Ag nanowire array are further tested. Under the irradiation of visible light, malachite green (initial concentration of 10) is attached to the surface of the film for different illumination times -4 mol/L), and the results are shown in fig. 16, and it can be seen from the three-dimensional graph that the intensity of the raman characteristic peak of malachite green is obviously reduced along with the continuous increase of time, and the peak intensity is almost zero after 50 minutes of photocatalytic degradation. It was calculated that about 99.2% of the malachite green had been degraded.The super-hydrophobic CuO @ Ag nanowire array has excellent photocatalytic degradation activity on the malachite green.
Subsequently, the photodegradation cycle performance of the superhydrophobic CuO @ Ag nanowire array was continuously tested. FIG. 17 shows Raman spectra before and after the Malachite green modified superhydrophobic CuO @ Ag nanowire array was self-cleaned with visible light, after 6 photocatalytic cycles. It can be seen that after photocatalytic self-cleaning, the sample prepared again under the same conditions can still obtain the same raman signal. It is demonstrated that the recycled superhydrophobic cuo @ ag nanowire arrays are able to withstand multiple visible light cleanings. However, the raman enhancing effect decreases with the number of cycles. The reason is that part of the Ag nano film on the surface of the super-hydrophobic CuO @ Ag nanowire array is oxidized, so that the Raman enhancement effect of the nano film is reduced. It is worth noting that after 6 cycles, the degradation efficiency of the super-hydrophobic CuO @ Ag nanowire array on the malachite green is still not lower than 97.8%, and the result shows that the super-hydrophobic CuO @ Ag nanowire array has excellent visible light photocatalytic degradation capacity on the malachite green.
In conclusion, the super-hydrophobic CuO @ Ag nanowire array has excellent recyclability and durability for photocatalytic degradation of malachite green as an SERS substrate.
Claims (7)
1. A super-hydrophobic CuO @ Ag nanowire array is characterized in that: the array is prepared by the following method: putting polymethyl methacrylate/anodized aluminum into acetone to completely separate anodized aluminum from polymethyl methacrylate, transferring anodized aluminum to a surface-cleaned copper substrate surface, drying at room temperature, dripping alkaline aqueous solution containing an oxidant onto the surface of the anodized aluminum-loaded copper substrate, and immersing the solution into pores of anodized aluminum to perform oxidation reaction with the copper substrate to generate Cu (OH) 2 Carrying out nanowire array, and then calcining to obtain a CuO nanowire array; finally, sputtering a layer of Ag nano-particle film on the surface of the CuO nanowire array to obtain the super-hydrophobic CuO @ Ag nanowire array;
the oxidant is any one of sodium hypochlorite, potassium hypochlorite and potassium persulfate.
2. The superhydrophobic cuo @ ag nanowire array of claim 1, wherein: the copper substrate subjected to surface cleaning treatment is subjected to ultrasonic cleaning by adopting a mixed solvent of acetone, ethanol and deionized water, so that the surface cleaning treatment of the copper substrate is realized.
3. The superhydrophobic cuo @ ag nanowire array of claim 1, wherein: the temperature of the oxidation reaction is room temperature, and the time is 10-60 minutes.
4. The superhydrophobic cuo @ ag nanowire array of claim 1, wherein: the concentration of the oxidant in the alkaline aqueous solution is 0.05-0.2 mol/L.
5. The array of superhydrophobic CuO @ Ag nanowires of claim 1 or 4, wherein: the alkaline aqueous solution is an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide, and the concentration of the aqueous solution is 0.5-1 mol/L.
6. The superhydrophobic cuo @ ag nanowire array of claim 1, wherein: the calcining temperature is 180-230 ℃ and the calcining time is 2-4 hours.
7. The application of the superhydrophobic CuO @ Ag nanowire array of claim 1 as an SERS substrate in detecting malachite green.
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