CN113532313B - Method for designing machining standard of combustion chamber shell - Google Patents
Method for designing machining standard of combustion chamber shell Download PDFInfo
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- CN113532313B CN113532313B CN202110633475.4A CN202110633475A CN113532313B CN 113532313 B CN113532313 B CN 113532313B CN 202110633475 A CN202110633475 A CN 202110633475A CN 113532313 B CN113532313 B CN 113532313B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for designing a processing standard of a combustion chamber shell, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: placing a combustion chamber shell with an outer hanging piece on the outer surface and a laser three-dimensional scanner on a platform; step two: measuring a combustion chamber shell by using a laser three-dimensional scanner to generate a three-dimensional point cloud model; fitting the three-dimensional point cloud model with a preset three-dimensional design model of the combustion chamber shell; step three: taking a central vertical line of the three-dimensional design model as an I-I benchmark, and taking a central horizontal line of the three-dimensional design model as an II-II benchmark; and rotating the three-dimensional point cloud model around the central axis, and determining a processing reference transfer value by a vertical plane-to-central axis distance method when the plug-in models of the three-dimensional design model are all in the size range of the plug-in models of the three-dimensional point cloud model. The invention improves the processing efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of combustion chamber shell machining, and particularly relates to a combustion chamber shell machining benchmark design method.
Background
The combustion chamber shell adopts a plurality of procedures such as welding, heat treatment and the like in the machining process. When the outer hanging piece is finely machined, the outer hanging piece is deformed, and particularly, the material is high in hardness and cannot be infinitely enlarged in the control of the allowance of the fine machining. Therefore, during the finish machining process, the machining reference position needs to ensure that all the machined surfaces are within the allowance range. At present, on a processing device, after a part is clamped, each processing surface is calibrated, adjustment is repeatedly carried out back and forth, a processing reference is determined, complexity of a processed part is increased, and workload of calibration is increased accordingly. For the case that the deformation of the combustion chamber housing exceeds the margin range, the case cannot be identified in advance.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem solved by the invention is as follows: the defects in the prior art are overcome, the method for designing the machining standard of the combustion chamber shell is provided, and the machining efficiency is improved through the modes of standard alignment and global fitting.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a combustor casing tooling datum design method, the method comprising the steps of: the method comprises the following steps: placing the combustion chamber shell with the outer hanging piece on the outer surface and the laser three-dimensional scanner on a platform, judging whether the laser three-dimensional scanner can complete the whole combustion chamber shell by one-time measurement, and fixing a certain number of frog-leaping balls on the surface of the combustion chamber shell if shielding exists or the laser three-dimensional scanner is not enough formed; step two: measuring the combustion chamber shell by using a laser three-dimensional scanner to generate a three-dimensional point cloud model; fitting the three-dimensional point cloud model with a preset three-dimensional design model of the combustion chamber shell; step three: taking a central vertical line of the three-dimensional design model as an I-I benchmark, and taking a central horizontal line of the three-dimensional design model as an II-II benchmark; and rotating the three-dimensional point cloud model around the central axis, and determining a processing reference transfer value by a vertical plane-to-central axis distance method when the plug-in models of the three-dimensional design model are all in the size range of the plug-in models of the three-dimensional point cloud model.
In the method for designing the processing standard of the combustion chamber shell, in the first step, the placement positions and the number of the frog jumping balls are determined according to the frog jumping times of the laser three-dimensional scanner and the fact that not less than 3 frog jumping balls can be covered by the frog jumping balls in each measurement.
In the method for designing the processing standard of the combustion chamber shell, in the second step, the combustion chamber shell is fixed with a platform, a laser three-dimensional scanner is used for measuring to generate three-dimensional point cloud data, and after one-time frog leap measurement is completed, the position of the combustion chamber shell is changed; after the measurement of the whole combustion chamber shell is completed, a three-dimensional point cloud model in a three-dimensional point cloud or triangular patch format of the whole combustion chamber shell is generated, and miscellaneous points are removed from point cloud data processing software; and introducing the processed three-dimensional model of the combustion chamber shell, namely the preset three-dimensional design model of the combustion chamber shell, and fitting the model data in the three-dimensional point cloud or triangular patch format with the preset three-dimensional design model of the combustion chamber shell.
In the method for designing the machining standard of the combustion chamber shell, in the second step, a three-point fitting mode is adopted.
In the method for designing the machining standard of the combustor casing, in the second step, in the fitting of the three-dimensional point cloud model and the preset three-dimensional design model of the combustor casing, the central axis of the three-dimensional point cloud model is overlapped with the central axis of the three-dimensional design model, and the central cross section of the three-dimensional point cloud model is overlapped with the central cross section of the three-dimensional design model.
In the method for designing the processing standard of the combustion chamber shell, in the third step, the distance method between the vertical plane and the central axis is as follows: and taking the distance k value between the outer end surface of the hanging model in the plug-in model of the three-dimensional point cloud model and the I-I datum as a processing datum transmission value.
In the method for designing the machining standard of the combustion chamber shell, the method further comprises the following four steps: clamping the combustion chamber shell with the outer hanging piece on the outer surface onto processing equipment, calibrating the excircle runout of two ends of the combustion chamber shell, and taking the I-I reference distance between a measuring head or a gauge stand on a main shaft of the processing equipment and the combustion chamber shell as a processing reference transmission value.
In the method for designing the machining standard of the combustion chamber shell, the circular runout is controlled within the range of 0.05 mm.
In the method for designing the machining standard of the combustion chamber shell, in the first step, the combustion chamber shell is arranged on the platform through a bracket.
In the method for designing the machining standard of the combustion chamber shell, in the first step, the laser three-dimensional scanner is arranged on the platform through the rotating mechanism.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The three-dimensional point cloud model of the combustion chamber shell is generated through laser three-dimensional scanning, the deformation condition and the size information of each processing surface of the combustion chamber shell are identified, and the combustion chamber shell is converted into a digital model for subsequent fitting and matching. The laser three-dimensional scanning does not occupy the time of processing equipment, and the original time for printing a meter and correcting the adjustment on the processing equipment is saved.
(2) The invention takes two end faces as fitting matching reference, and achieves the effect that the combustion chamber shell and a reference cylinder on processing equipment are used as clamping reference in the processing equipment, wherein the outer circle and the inner hole of the two end faces of the combustion chamber shell are mainly used as clamping reference. And errors caused by non-uniform reference are reduced.
(3) The invention calculates the machining allowance condition through external preset adjustment, achieves the effect of judging and identifying out-of-tolerance parts in advance and reduces the time for repeatedly correcting and adjusting on machining equipment again.
(4) The invention sets two processing reference transmission modes, achieves the effect of considering various combustion chamber shell structure forms, and can select the processing reference transmission mode with smaller error according to the combustion chamber shell structure.
(5) The invention requires that the circular runout of two end surfaces of the combustion chamber shell clamped on the processing equipment is controlled within the range of 0.05mm, and achieves the effects that on one hand, the error caused by the fitting inconsistency of the actual rotation axis of the combustion chamber shell with the three-dimensional point cloud mode and the design mode axis can be reduced; on the other hand, the axis of the combustion chamber shell is on the same line with the axis of rotation of the Y in the processing equipment, and the eccentric phenomenon can not be generated.
Drawings
Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Also, like reference numerals are used to refer to like parts throughout the drawings. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a scanning structure of a combustor housing provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 (a) is a schematic representation of model fitting in a end view of a combustor casing provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 (b) is a schematic representation of model fitting in a end view of a combustor casing provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of a combustion chamber housing provided in an embodiment of the present invention in a clamping state of a processing apparatus.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
The embodiment provides a method for designing a machining standard of a combustion chamber shell, which comprises the following steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: preparing a three-dimensional design model of the combustion chamber shell, a platform, a laser three-dimensional scanner and corresponding point cloud processing software, a frog jumping ball and the combustion chamber shell after processing. As shown in fig. 1, the combustion chamber housing is placed on a platform, whether the laser three-dimensional scanner can measure the whole combustion chamber housing at one time is judged, and if shielding exists or the laser three-dimensional scanner is not formed enough, a certain number of frog-leaping balls are fixed on the surface of the combustion chamber housing. The placement positions and the number of the frog jump balls are determined according to the frog jump times of the laser three-dimensional scanner and each measurement to ensure that not less than 3 frog jump balls can be covered. Wherein, the surface of combustion chamber casing is provided with outer pendant, and outer pendant is including hanging.
Step two: fixing the combustion chamber shell and the platform, measuring by using a laser three-dimensional scanner to generate three-dimensional point cloud data, and after one-time frog leap measurement is completed, changing the position of the combustion chamber shell, wherein the frog leap ball is always fixed on the combustion chamber shell in the position changing process and cannot be loosened. And after the measurement of the whole combustion chamber shell is completed, generating a three-dimensional point cloud model of the whole combustion chamber shell in a three-dimensional point cloud or triangular patch format, and removing miscellaneous points in point cloud data processing software. And introducing the processed three-dimensional model of the combustion chamber shell, fitting the model data in the three-dimensional point cloud or triangular patch format with the processed three-dimensional model, and adopting a three-point fitting or optimal alignment mode. The central axis of the three-dimensional point cloud model is coincident with the central axis of the three-dimensional design model, and the central cross section of the three-dimensional point cloud model is coincident with the central cross section of the three-dimensional design model.
Step three: and after the fitting is finished, checking whether the surfaces to be processed of the plug-in models of the three-dimensional point cloud models have allowance and whether the allowance arrangement is uniform, if the processing surfaces without allowance exist, rotating the three-dimensional design model relative to the three-dimensional point cloud models, and if the processing surfaces without allowance cannot be rotated to enable all the processing surfaces to have allowance, judging that the deformation of the combustion chamber shell is too large and exceeds the allowance range. And the surfaces to be processed of all the plug-in models have allowance and are uniformly distributed to be used as the processing position state.
Step four: determining a processing benchmark transfer mode, namely a method for measuring the distance between a vertical plane and a central axis, selecting a vertical plane parallel to an I-I benchmark in a three-dimensional point cloud model of a combustion chamber shell, selecting a to-be-processed plane as far as possible from the I-I benchmark, and measuring the distance k value between the vertical plane of the three-dimensional point cloud model and the I-I benchmark, wherein the k value is a processing benchmark transfer value. The other method adopts a two-side horizontal plane difference method. And (3) selecting a plane of the plug-in model parallel to the II-II reference on the combustion chamber shell, and as shown in fig. 2 (a), selecting the difference between the distances between the planes of the left and right plug-in components on the II-II reference line and the II-II reference line. Similarly, the two planes are selected as far as possible, the difference value j of the water planes on the three-dimensional point cloud model is measured, and the j value is used as a processing reference transfer value. Wherein the position of the measuring point is consistent with the striking point position of the combustion chamber shell in the fourth step. Specifically, a vertical surface parallel to the I-I standard is selected as the outer end surface of the hanging model of the three-dimensional point cloud model in the three-dimensional point cloud model of the combustion chamber shell. The hanger comprises a transverse part and a vertical part, wherein the transverse part is connected with the vertical part.
Step five: as shown in figure 3, the combustion chamber shell is clamped on a processing device, the excircle runout of two ends is calibrated, and the circle runout is controlled within the range of 0.05 mm. And (4) enabling the I-I standard of the combustion chamber shell to be vertically upward, and replacing a measuring head or a gauge stand by a main shaft of the processing equipment. When a distance method of a vertical surface from a central axis is used as a processing reference transmission mode, a measuring head or a gauge stand on a main shaft is moved to a combustion chamber shell I-I reference position to serve as an initial position, the distance of movement to the vertical surface is k, and the measuring head or the gauge stand vertically facing the main shaft is leaned on. In the process, the k value is fixed, the other two directions can be adjusted, the shaft A of the combustion chamber shell is rotated, a measuring head or a gauge stand which vertically faces the main shaft is leaned on, and the position is a machining reference position. The k value is fixed in the process, and other two directions can be adjusted. If a two-side horizontal plane difference method is adopted, the height difference of two planes is ensured to be a j value by rotating the A shaft of the combustion chamber shell, and the position is a processing reference position. And finally, executing a processing program by the processing equipment to finish the external preset process.
And (3) reconstructing a three-dimensional solid model of the part, measuring the overall dimension information of the part by using three-dimensional measuring equipment to form three-dimensional point cloud data, triangular surface patches and other formats, and providing a data basis for subsequent model matching.
And model matching is adopted, the feature points are selected for position matching, and then global fitting is adopted for rough fitting. And (3) establishing a fitting reference, taking the finish turning surface as a reference, and if the cylindrical barrel part is used, adopting two finish turning end surfaces as circle centers to form an axis to be fixedly fitted with the axis of the digital model. And finally, the machining allowance of all machined surfaces is met, and the machined surfaces are uniformly distributed and used as machining positions. And after the position is determined, calculating each processing parameter. The machining reference adopts a non-machining surface distance design reference surface as a machining reference transmission mode.
In the combustion chamber shell of the embodiment, an external structural member is processed, and the reference position of the axis a at 0 ° needs to be determined, and the specific method is as follows:
and measuring the combustion chamber shell to obtain a three-dimensional point cloud model.
And matching the three-dimensional point cloud model of the combustion chamber shell with the design model.
And (3) taking the finish-machined outer circular surfaces at the two end surfaces of the combustion chamber shell as fitting references, establishing a central axis of the cylinder, taking the two end surfaces as equipartition surfaces, fitting the central axis of 1 cylinder and the equipartition surfaces, realizing the fixation in 5 directions, and determining the next rotating shaft (A shaft).
And globally fitting the plug-in, primarily realizing uniform balance of the plug-in, checking that all processing surfaces are in the range of the processing allowance, rotating an axis A of the three-dimensional point cloud model if the processing surfaces are not in the range of the allowance, rotating the position of the axis A, judging that the deformation of the part exceeds the range if the plug-in is not in the range of the allowance, and determining that the part cannot be processed, wherein the position is a processing reference position if the plug-in is in the range of the allowance.
Determining a processing reference transmission mode, selecting two external hanging pieces on a II-II reference by adopting a two-side horizontal plane difference method according to the structural characteristics of the combustion chamber shell in the embodiment, measuring the difference value of two planes in a three-dimensional point cloud model, selecting a measuring point a and b measuring points, wherein the direction is the I-I direction, and measuring the height difference of the two points as a j value.
The combustion chamber shell is clamped into processing equipment, and the clamping mode of 'one clamping and one jacking' of a tail jacking and a four-jaw chuck is adopted in the embodiment. And (4) calibrating out-of-plane circular run-out of the two end surfaces to ensure that the run-out is within the range of 0.05 mm.
As shown in fig. 2 (b), the main shaft of the processing equipment is replaced by a measuring gauge stand, a measuring position and b measuring positions are respectively marked to measure the height value, the shaft A of the combustion chamber shell is rotated, and the value obtained by subtracting the height value of b from the height value of a is a j value. The state is a processing reference state, the machine external calibration is finished, and the processing flow is executed.
The three-dimensional point cloud model of the combustion chamber shell is generated through laser three-dimensional scanning, the deformation condition and the size information of each processing surface of the combustion chamber shell are identified, and the combustion chamber shell is converted into a digital model for subsequent fitting and matching. The laser three-dimensional scanning does not occupy the time of processing equipment, and the original time for marking, correcting and adjusting the meter on the processing equipment is saved.
The invention takes two end faces as fitting matching reference, and achieves the effect that the combustion chamber shell and a reference cylinder on processing equipment are used as clamping reference in the processing equipment, wherein the outer circle and the inner hole of the two end faces of the combustion chamber shell are mainly used as clamping reference. And errors caused by non-uniform reference are reduced.
The invention calculates the machining allowance condition through external preset adjustment, achieves the effect of judging and identifying out-of-tolerance parts in advance and reduces the time for repeatedly correcting and adjusting on machining equipment again.
The invention sets two processing reference transmission modes, achieves the effect of considering various combustion chamber shell structure forms, and can select the processing reference transmission mode with smaller error according to the combustion chamber shell structure.
The invention requires that the circular runout of two end surfaces of the combustion chamber shell clamped on the processing equipment is controlled within the range of 0.05mm, and achieves the effects that on one hand, the error caused by the fitting inconsistency of the actual rotation axis of the combustion chamber shell with the three-dimensional point cloud mode and the design mode axis can be reduced; on the other hand, the axis of the combustion chamber shell is on the same line with the axis of rotation of the Y in the processing equipment, and the eccentric phenomenon can not be generated.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make variations and modifications of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention by using the methods and technical contents disclosed above.
Claims (9)
1. A method for designing a machining standard of a combustion chamber shell is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: placing the combustion chamber shell with the outer hanging piece on the outer surface and the laser three-dimensional scanner on a platform, judging whether the laser three-dimensional scanner can complete the whole combustion chamber shell by one-time measurement, and fixing a certain number of frog-leaping balls on the surface of the combustion chamber shell if shielding exists or the laser three-dimensional scanner is not enough formed;
step two: measuring a combustion chamber shell by using a laser three-dimensional scanner to generate a three-dimensional point cloud model; fitting the three-dimensional point cloud model with a preset three-dimensional design model of the combustion chamber shell;
step three: taking a central vertical line of the three-dimensional design model as an I-I benchmark, and taking a central horizontal line of the three-dimensional design model as an II-II benchmark; rotating the three-dimensional point cloud model around a central axis, and determining a processing reference transmission value by a vertical plane-to-central axis distance method when all plug-in models of the three-dimensional design model are within the size range of the plug-in models of the three-dimensional point cloud model;
in the third step, the distance method of the vertical plane from the central axis is as follows: and taking the distance k value between the outer end surface of the hanging model in the plug-in model of the three-dimensional point cloud model and the I-I datum as a processing datum transmission value.
2. The combustor casing machining reference design method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the first step, the placement positions and the number of the frog jump balls are determined according to the frog jump times of the laser three-dimensional scanner and the fact that not less than 3 frog jump balls can be covered by the laser three-dimensional scanner during each measurement.
3. The combustor casing machining reference design method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the second step, the combustion chamber shell and the platform are fixed, a laser three-dimensional scanner is used for measuring to generate three-dimensional point cloud data, and after one-time frog leap measurement is completed, the position of the combustion chamber shell is changed; after the measurement of the whole combustion chamber shell is completed, a three-dimensional point cloud model in a three-dimensional point cloud or triangular patch format of the whole combustion chamber shell is generated, and miscellaneous points are removed from point cloud data processing software; and introducing the processed three-dimensional model of the combustion chamber shell, namely the preset three-dimensional design model of the combustion chamber shell, and fitting the model data in the three-dimensional point cloud or triangular patch format with the preset three-dimensional design model of the combustion chamber shell.
4. The combustor casing machining reference design method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the second step, a three-point fitting mode is adopted.
5. The combustor casing machining reference design method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the second step, in the fitting of the three-dimensional point cloud model and the preset three-dimensional design model of the combustion chamber shell, the central axis of the three-dimensional point cloud model is overlapped with the central axis of the three-dimensional design model, and the central cross section of the three-dimensional point cloud model is overlapped with the central cross section of the three-dimensional design model.
6. The combustor casing machining datum design method as set forth in claim 1, further comprising the steps of four: clamping the combustion chamber shell with the outer hanging piece on the outer surface onto processing equipment, calibrating the excircle runout of two ends of the combustion chamber shell, and taking the I-I reference distance between a measuring head or a gauge stand on a main shaft of the processing equipment and the combustion chamber shell as a processing reference transmission value.
7. The combustor casing machining reference design method as claimed in claim 6, wherein: the circle run-out is controlled within 0.05 mm.
8. The combustor casing machining reference design method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in step one, the combustor casing is disposed on the platform by a bracket.
9. The combustor casing machining reference design method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the first step, the laser three-dimensional scanner is arranged on the platform through a rotating mechanism.
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