CN113532141A - Anti-freezing method for air cooling island in alpine region - Google Patents
Anti-freezing method for air cooling island in alpine region Download PDFInfo
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- CN113532141A CN113532141A CN202010329578.7A CN202010329578A CN113532141A CN 113532141 A CN113532141 A CN 113532141A CN 202010329578 A CN202010329578 A CN 202010329578A CN 113532141 A CN113532141 A CN 113532141A
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- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 89
- 238000004781 supercooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 45
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009530 blood pressure measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28B—STEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS
- F28B9/00—Auxiliary systems, arrangements, or devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28B—STEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS
- F28B11/00—Controlling arrangements with features specially adapted for condensers
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
Abstract
An anti-freezing method for an air cooling island in a severe cold area belongs to the technical field of air cooling heat exchange, and particularly relates to an air cooling island (also called an air cooling type heat exchanger) for cooling exhaust steam of a steam turbine. The invention mainly solves the problem of freezing inside a heat exchange tube bundle caused by low temperature in winter in alpine regions, and is realized by the method that condensed water in a steam-water mixing header is sent to a header at the top of a countercurrent region, flows back to the steam-water mixing header from the upper part of the countercurrent region through the heat exchange tube bundle in the countercurrent region, and introduces the supercooling degree of the condensed water to assist the speed regulation of a fan and arrange a dissolved oxygen on-line analysis instrument in a condensed water pipe.
Description
Belongs to the technical field of:
the invention belongs to the technical field of air cooling heat exchange, and particularly relates to an air cooling island (also called an air cooling type heat exchanger) for cooling exhaust steam of a steam turbine.
Background art:
at present, the air cooling heat exchange technology is widely applied in China, such as places of power station steam turbine air cooling islands, industrial steam turbine air cooling condensers (air cooling islands for short) and the like. Compared with a water-cooling condenser, the air cooling heat exchange technology is particularly suitable for arid and water-deficient areas such as the west of China. However, in winter in these areas, the temperature is often as low as minus 30-40 ℃, cold air is easily supercooled after exchanging heat with exhaust steam of a steam turbine, so that condensed water is frozen inside a heat exchange tube bundle, and is more easily frozen particularly when the heat exchange tube bundle is operated under a rapid load reduction working condition. The main reasons are the changes of heat transfer mode brought by the uneven matching of cold and hot media and the change of the condensed water in the heat exchange tube bundle from turbulent flow to laminar flow, namely: the conduction + convection is changed into single conduction heat exchange. The freezing of the air cooling island tube bundle can cause the problems of poor vacuum, shrinkage deformation of the heat exchange tube bundle, high dissolved oxygen of the condensed water and the like, and brings serious influence on the safe, stable and high-load operation of the steam turbine. In addition, once the air cooling island is frozen, the technical difficulty of unfreezing is high, the operation is complex, new leakage points are often generated in the processes of freezing and unfreezing, the leakage stoppage cost is high, the oxygen content of condensed water is high, and the operation is not economical.
The problem of freezing of the air cooling island is a great problem commonly existing in the industry, and is particularly more obvious in high and cold areas. The air cooling island anti-freezing technology is only the control on the operation aspect provided by equipment manufacturers at present, long-term operation experience support is needed (new employees recruited by new enterprises lack the operation experience on the aspect), and no particularly effective anti-freezing technology is available at home and abroad. In order to avoid freezing, operators in the industry often control the vacuum to be high (sometimes up to-10 KPa) to increase the temperature of the condensate for freeze protection, so that the operation increases the steam consumption of the unit, and the increase of the temperature of the condensate is not beneficial to recycling.
The invention content is as follows:
in order to solve the problem of freezing of the air cooling island, the invention provides a method for preventing the air cooling island from freezing in the alpine region.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
on the basis of the existing flow, the method is characterized in that part of condensed water of the steam-water mixing header of the air cooling island is sent to the header at the top of the countercurrent region, and flows back to the steam-water mixing header from the upper part of the countercurrent region through the heat exchange tube bundle of the countercurrent region, and three feeding schemes are provided. The first preferred scheme is as follows: the water outlet pipe of the air cooling island steam-water mixing header is additionally provided with a condensed water sealing box and a circulating pump, the circulating pump pumps water in the water sealing box, the tail end of the water outlet pipe of the circulating pump is inserted into the header at the top of the countercurrent region, the water outlet pipe in the header is provided with branch pipes with the same number as that of the heat exchange pipe bundles in the countercurrent region, each branch pipe is aligned to the heat exchange pipe bundles in the countercurrent region, and the condensed water of the air cooling island flows out of the water sealing box in an overflow mode. The preferred scheme II is as follows: on the basis of the existing flow, a branch is led out from a condensate pipe, a newly-added circulating pump supplies part of condensate water to a header at the top of a countercurrent region, a water outlet pipe in the header is provided with branch pipes with the same number as that of heat exchange pipe bundles in the countercurrent region, and each branch pipe is aligned to the heat exchange pipe bundles in the countercurrent region. The preferable scheme is three: on the basis of the existing flow, a branch is respectively led out from a steam-water mixing header below a downstream area, a circulating pump is additionally arranged to supply a header at the top of a countercurrent area of the area, a water outlet pipe in the header is provided with branch pipes with the same number as that of heat exchange pipe bundles in the countercurrent area, and each branch pipe is aligned to the heat exchange pipe bundles in the countercurrent area. During winter operation, the circulating pump is started, the freezing resistance is improved by utilizing the waste heat of the condensed water, and the problem of the inner laminar flow of the heat exchange tube bundle under the variable working condition is solved.
And introducing the supercooling degree of the condensed water to assist the speed regulation of the fan. The supercooling degree of the condensed water refers to the difference between the saturation temperature of the vapor pressure entering the air cooling island and the actual temperature of the condensed water. Writing a saturation temperature database corresponding to the saturation pressure of water vapor between 5-100 KPa (A) into a DCS control system, automatically calling different temperature data by the system in the operation process, dynamically calculating the condensate water supercooling degree of a forward flow area and a reverse flow area of an air cooling island, displaying the condensate water supercooling degree on the DCS, setting a safe operation value within a range of 1-8 ℃, and when the condensate water supercooling degree exceeds 8 ℃, slowing down the rotating speed of a corresponding fan to reduce the air volume of cold air so that the supercooling degree is within the safe control range.
The condensate pipe is provided with a dissolved oxygen on-line analysis meter for on-line monitoring of the oxygen content of the condensate. Whether the air cooling island generates a new leakage point or not can be judged through the sudden change or gradual change characteristics of the oxygen content data curve. If the working condition is not changed, the condition that the oxygen content curve keeps a straight line indicates that no leakage point is newly added to the air cooling island.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
by the scheme of feeding the condensed water to the header at the top of the countercurrent region, the problem of laminar flow in the heat exchange tube bundle generated in variable working conditions is solved, and meanwhile, the heat of the condensed water is used for performing anti-freezing protection on the countercurrent region. In addition, because the temperature of the condensed water is reduced, the recycling of the condensed water is more facilitated, and the circulation efficiency is improved. The scheme utilizes the heat of the system, is not separately connected with other medium pipelines, and is simple for anti-freezing measures of the air cooling island in the alpine region.
After the supercooling degree is introduced to assist the speed regulation of the fan, the uniform matching of cold and hot media can be realized, the hysteresis of the conventional antifreezing operation of the conventional air cooling island is avoided, and the timely and accurate antifreezing operation is ensured. Under normal conditions, the freezing condition occurs after the supercooling degree exceeds 10 ℃, so that the running condition of the air cooling island can be digitally displayed. In addition, partition prejudgment can be realized through data of the supercooling degree, and the specific fan which needs to adjust the load is known and adjusted to be optimal. The safety and the reliability of the air cooling island in winter operation in the alpine region are improved, and the hidden danger of freezing when the unit operates under variable working conditions is eliminated.
By adding the condensation water online dissolved oxygen instrument and the change condition of the data curve thereof, a judgment basis is provided for judging whether a leakage point appears after freezing, so that the investigation range is reduced, and the overhaul is guided.
Description of the drawings:
the invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
FIG. 1 is a system diagram of the first preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the interior of a heat exchange tube bundle in a counterflow zone.
Fig. 3 is an enlarged schematic view of a circulating pump water outlet pipe in a header at the top of a countercurrent area.
FIG. 4 is a system diagram of the second preferred embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a system diagram of the third preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Arrows in the figures indicate the media flow direction, specifically: a: the exhaust steam of the steam turbine flows to the air cooling island; b: the non-condensable gas flows to a vacuum pumping device; c: the condensed water flows to a turbine hot well; d: pumping water out circularly to the top header of the countercurrent region; e: the flow direction of the ambient air under the action of the fan; f: the non-condensable gas and steam in the reverse flow zone heat exchange tube flow direction.
The numbers in the figure indicate the following: 1. an air cooling island exhaust steam header; 2. remotely transmitting pressure measurement points; 3. a forward flow heat exchange tube bundle; 4. a fan; 5. a steam-water mixing header; 6. remotely transmitting a temperature measurement point; 7. sealing the condensed water in a box; 8. a circulation pump; 9. an online dissolved oxygen analyzer; 10. a condensate pipe; 11. a water outlet pipe of the water seal tank; 12. a reverse flow zone; 13. laminar water film indication; and (4) branch pipes.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
an array of air cooling islands is used as an example to illustrate the embodiments of the present invention.
In an air cooling island with an inverted V-shaped symmetrical structure, steam turbine exhaust steam firstly flows into an exhaust steam header 1 of the air cooling island along the direction of an arrow A, then flows into downstream heat exchange tube bundles 3 (including 3-1, 3-2 and 3-3 and blocked symmetrical parts) on two sides respectively from the exhaust steam header, enters a steam-water mixing header 5 after being condensed by the downstream heat exchange tube bundles, a small amount of uncondensed steam and uncondensed gas enter a countercurrent region 12 of the air cooling island, and the uncondensed gas flows to a vacuumizing device after being condensed by the countercurrent region, as shown in an arrow B in figure 1. The condensed water after condensation flows to the turbine hot well through the condensed water pipe 10 in the direction of arrow C. The ambient air flows upwards from below in the direction of arrow E under the action of the fan 4, exchanging heat with the heat exchanger bundle. On the basis of the flow, the invention sends part of condensed water of the steam-water mixing header of the air cooling island into the header at the top of the countercurrent region, and the condensed water flows back into the steam-water mixing header from the upper part of the countercurrent region through the heat exchange tube bundle of the countercurrent region, and three feeding schemes are provided. The first preferred scheme is as follows: the implementation process of the invention is that a condensed water seal tank 7 and a circulating pump 8 are additionally arranged on a water outlet pipe of a steam-water mixing header 5 of the air cooling island, and the tail end of the water outlet pipe of the circulating pump is inserted into the header at the top of a countercurrent region, which is shown as a local enlarged view 3. The water outlet pipe in the header is provided with branch pipes 14 with the same number as that of the heat exchange pipe bundles in the countercurrent area, each branch pipe is aligned with each heat exchange pipe bundle in the countercurrent area 12, and the condensed water of the air cooling island overflows from the water seal tank 11 in an overflow mode and flows out. The preferred scheme II is as follows: on the basis of the existing flow path, referring to fig. 4, a branch is led out from a condensate pipe 10, a new circulating pump 8 is added to supply part of the condensate water to a header at the top of the countercurrent region, a water outlet pipe in the header is provided with branch pipes with the same number as that of the heat exchange pipe bundles in the countercurrent region, and each branch pipe is aligned with the heat exchange pipe bundles in the countercurrent region. The preferable scheme is three: on the basis of the existing flow, a branch is respectively led out from a steam-water mixing header 5-1 below the forward flow 3-1 and the forward flow 3-2, and a header at the top of a counter flow area of a supply area is additionally provided by circulating pumps 8-1 and 8-2, as shown in figure 5. During winter operation, the circulating pump is started, the freezing resistance is improved by utilizing the waste heat of the condensed water, and meanwhile, the problem that the laminar flow (shown as a laminar flow water film schematic 13 in the figure 2) in the heat exchange tube bundle is easy to freeze and congeal under variable working conditions is solved.
And introducing the supercooling degree of the condensed water to assist the speed regulation of the fan. The supercooling degree of the condensed water refers to the difference between the saturation temperature of the vapor pressure entering the air cooling island and the actual temperature of the condensed water. Writing a saturation temperature database corresponding to the saturation pressure of water vapor between 5 KPa (A) and 100KPa (A) into a DCS control system, wherein the division value is 0.1 KPa. The system automatically calls the temperature database in the operation process, the supercooling degree of the condensation water in the forward flow area and the reverse flow area is dynamically calculated and displayed on the DCS, the operation safety value is within the range of 1-8 ℃, the freezing condition occurs when the temperature exceeds 10 ℃, the rotating speed of the fan needs to be slowed down when the temperature exceeds 8 ℃, the air volume of the cold air is reduced, and the supercooling degree is within the control range. The invention has the obvious advantages that the invention can display and adjust in a subarea way, and the forward flow area and the reverse flow area are respectively illustrated as follows: a downstream area: when the air cooling island normally operates, the system can automatically call the saturation temperature corresponding to the exhaust steam pressure measured by the remote transmission pressure measuring point 2, and the saturation temperature is differed with the average temperature measured by the remote transmission temperature measuring points 6-1 and 6-3 to be calculated and displayed on the DCS, and when the value is more than 8 ℃, the operator can adjust the rotating speed of the fan 4 corresponding to the forward flow areas 3-3 and 3-2. A countercurrent zone: when the air cooling island normally operates, the system can automatically adjust the saturation temperature corresponding to the exhaust steam pressure measured by the remote transmission pressure measuring point 2, calculate the difference between the saturation temperature and the temperature measured by the remote transmission temperature measuring point 6-5 and display the difference on the DCS, and if the value is greater than 8 ℃, the operator can adjust the rotating speed of the fan corresponding to the downstream flow area.
The condensate pipe is provided with a dissolved oxygen on-line analyzer 9 for on-line monitoring of the oxygen content of the condensate. Through the sudden change or gradual change characteristic of the oxygen content data curve, whether the air cooling island generates new leakage points can be judged to provide guidance, and then the maintenance is guided, the investigation range is shortened, the maintenance efficiency is improved, and the maintenance cost is reduced. If the working condition is not changed, the condition that the oxygen content curve keeps a straight line indicates that no leakage point is newly added to the air cooling island.
Claims (8)
1. An air cooling island anti-freezing method in alpine regions is characterized by comprising the following steps: and part of condensed water of the steam-water mixing header of the air cooling island is sent to a header at the top of the countercurrent region, and flows back to the steam-water mixing header from the upper part of the countercurrent region through a heat exchange tube bundle of the countercurrent region.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the top header of the countercurrent zone is characterized by the following steps: a condensed water seal box and a circulating pump are additionally arranged on a water outlet pipe of a steam-water mixing header of an air cooling island, the circulating pump pumps water in the water seal box, the tail end of a water outlet pipe of the circulating pump is inserted into a header at the top of a countercurrent region, the water outlet pipe in the header is provided with branch pipes with the same number as that of heat exchange pipe bundles in the countercurrent region, and each branch pipe is aligned to the heat exchange pipe bundle in the countercurrent region.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the top header of the countercurrent zone is characterized by the following steps: a branch is led out from the condensed water pipe, a newly-added circulating pump supplies part of the condensed water to a header at the top of the countercurrent region, a water outlet pipe in the header is provided with branch pipes with the same number as that of the heat exchange pipe bundles in the countercurrent region, and each branch pipe is aligned to the heat exchange pipe bundles in the countercurrent region.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the top header is characterized in that: a branch is respectively led out from a steam-water mixing header below a downstream area, a circulating pump is additionally arranged to supply the header at the top of a countercurrent area of the area, branch pipes with the same number as that of the heat exchange pipe bundles in the countercurrent area are arranged on a water outlet pipe in the header, and each branch pipe is aligned to the heat exchange pipe bundles in the countercurrent area.
5. The circulation pump as claimed in claims 2, 3 and 4, wherein: during winter operation, the circulating pump is started, the freezing resistance is improved by utilizing the waste heat of the condensed water, and the problem of the inner laminar flow of the heat exchange tube bundle under the variable working condition is solved.
6. An air cooling island anti-freezing method in alpine regions is characterized by comprising the following steps: and introducing the supercooling degree of the condensed water to assist the speed regulation of the fan.
7. The method for introducing the supercooling degree of the condensed water to assist the speed regulation of the fan as claimed in claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the safe operating value of the supercooling degree is within the range of 1-8 ℃.
8. An air cooling island anti-freezing method in alpine regions is characterized by comprising the following steps: the condensate pipe is provided with a dissolved oxygen on-line analysis meter for on-line monitoring of the oxygen content of the condensate.
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CN202010329578.7A CN113532141A (en) | 2020-04-20 | 2020-04-20 | Anti-freezing method for air cooling island in alpine region |
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Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0794401A2 (en) * | 1996-03-06 | 1997-09-10 | Hudson Products Corporation | Steam condensing apparatus |
CN101526313A (en) * | 2009-01-08 | 2009-09-09 | 江苏双良空调设备股份有限公司 | Freeze-prevention direct air cooling condenser |
CN206019385U (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-03-15 | 华能白山煤矸石发电有限公司 | A kind of Freezing of Direct Air-Cooled Condenser Unit system |
CN109682227A (en) * | 2018-12-26 | 2019-04-26 | 中国神华能源股份有限公司 | Air-Cooling Island system and its antifreeze method |
CN208952714U (en) * | 2018-08-29 | 2019-06-07 | 大唐甘肃发电有限公司景泰发电厂 | A kind of Direct Air-cooled Unit summer drop back pressure apparatus |
-
2020
- 2020-04-20 CN CN202010329578.7A patent/CN113532141A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0794401A2 (en) * | 1996-03-06 | 1997-09-10 | Hudson Products Corporation | Steam condensing apparatus |
CN101526313A (en) * | 2009-01-08 | 2009-09-09 | 江苏双良空调设备股份有限公司 | Freeze-prevention direct air cooling condenser |
CN206019385U (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-03-15 | 华能白山煤矸石发电有限公司 | A kind of Freezing of Direct Air-Cooled Condenser Unit system |
CN208952714U (en) * | 2018-08-29 | 2019-06-07 | 大唐甘肃发电有限公司景泰发电厂 | A kind of Direct Air-cooled Unit summer drop back pressure apparatus |
CN109682227A (en) * | 2018-12-26 | 2019-04-26 | 中国神华能源股份有限公司 | Air-Cooling Island system and its antifreeze method |
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