CN113529992A - Acoustic wave processing structure and device and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Acoustic wave processing structure and device and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
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- E04B1/82—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to sound only
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Abstract
The invention discloses a sound wave processing structure, a device and a preparation method thereof, wherein the structure comprises a bottom plate and a plurality of protruding structures arranged on one side of the bottom plate, each protruding structure comprises a plurality of structural units, the structural units are distributed along the direction parallel to the bottom plate, each structural unit comprises a plurality of structural plates and two partition plates, the structural plates are parallel to the bottom plate and are arranged at intervals with the bottom plate, the partition plates are vertical to the bottom plate, the structural plates are sequentially arranged at intervals along the direction vertical to the bottom plate, the two partition plates are arranged at intervals in parallel, the structural plates are arranged between the two partition plates, two ends of each structural plate are respectively connected with the partition plates, each structural plate is provided with a slit or a through hole, and the slit or the through hole penetrates through the structural plates. The sound wave processing structure can reduce the volume of the scatterer by times, keep the diffusion property of the sound wave and improve the space utilization rate. The bottom plate collects porous materials and is matched with an adjusting piece and the like to adjust the space distance between the bottom plate and the surface to be installed, so that the sound wave absorbing device has a good sound wave absorbing effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of space acoustics, in particular to a sound wave processing structure, a device and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In scenes with high requirements on acoustic environments, such as a concert hall, a cinema, a classroom, a conference room and the like, the room shape is regular, so that the indoor sound field is distributed unevenly, and the visual perception of listeners is influenced. Generally, acoustic decoration treatment needs to be performed indoors, and a common treatment method is to diffuse sound waves to the periphery by using an acoustic diffuser, so as to obtain a relatively uniform sound field. Meanwhile, the control of the reverberation time of the room is also very important, and the requirements of the reverberation time in different application situations are different. For example, when a lecture is carried out, the reverberation time cannot be too long to obtain clear expression information of a lecturer; in addition, in the case of performing a symphony musical performance, the reverberation time is required to be relatively long because the musical vigor needs to be reflected. However, when the room is constructed, the reverberation time is fixed after the audience enters the room, and the reverberation time cannot be changed according to different performance forms, so that the performance effect cannot be optimal.
Currently, a commonly used acoustic diffuser is a schroeder diffuser, which is composed of a series of grooves of the same width and different depths, between which a thin plate grid is arranged. However, there are several significant problems with current schroeder scatterers: firstly, aiming at a scatterer of low-frequency sound waves, the depth of a groove needs to reach half wavelength according to design requirements, so that the size is huge; secondly, the concave-convex surface of the groove structure causes unevenness of the wall body, which affects the appearance and is easy to interfere with the installation of other devices. For adjustable sound absorption/reflection bodies, the existing structure only has adjustable sound absorption/reflection action, the diffusion performance is poor, the reflected sound waves have obvious directivity, and a large schroeder diffuser is additionally added to make the sound field of a room more uniform.
Therefore, in combination with the above-mentioned technical problems, a new technical solution is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems in the prior art, the present invention is directed to a structure combining an ultra-thin planar acoustic diffuser and an absorber. Through set up multiple different perforated plate arrays or seam board array at a bottom plate to design and arrange according to certain law to perforated plate array or seam board array and adjust the reflected wave phase place, realize the sound wave diffusion effect of wide band through design aperture or seam width, board thickness, cavity size, whole thickness etc.. Meanwhile, the bottom plate can be made of porous materials, the structure and the wall surface waiting installation surface can be adjustably installed, and the distance between the bottom plate and the wall surface waiting installation surface is controlled, so that the structure can have two states of diffusion and absorption. The specific scheme is as follows:
according to one aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a sound wave processing structure, which comprises a bottom plate and a plurality of protruding structures disposed on one side of the bottom plate, each protruding structure comprises a plurality of structural units, the plurality of structural units are distributed along a direction parallel to the bottom plate, each structural unit comprises a plurality of structural plates and two partition plates, the structural plates are disposed parallel to the bottom plate, the structural plates are spaced apart from the bottom plate, the partition plates are disposed perpendicular to the bottom plate, the plurality of structural plates are sequentially spaced apart from each other along a direction perpendicular to the bottom plate, the two partition plates are disposed parallel to each other, the plurality of structural plates are disposed between the two partition plates, two ends of each structural plate are connected to the two partition plates, each structural plate is provided with a slit or a plurality of through holes, the slit or the through hole penetrates through the structural plate in the direction vertical to the bottom plate.
Furthermore, in each of the protruding structures, a plurality of the structural units are distributed along the width direction of the protruding structure, and two adjacent structural units share one partition plate.
Further, the width of the convex structure is 1/2 of the wavelength of the sound wave with the highest frequency in the applied sound wave frequency band, and the thickness of the convex structure is not more than 1/2 of the wavelength of the sound wave with the lowest frequency in the applied sound wave frequency band.
Furthermore, the length direction of the slit is consistent with that of the protruding structure, and two ends of the slit in the length direction penetrate through two ends of the structural plate.
Further, the bottom plate and/or the protruding structure are made of porous materials, and the bottom plate and/or the protruding structure are rigid.
According to another aspect of the present invention, the present invention further provides a sonic processing device, which includes the sonic processing structure, a connecting member and an adjusting member, wherein the sonic processing structure is rotatably mounted on the surface to be mounted through the connecting member, one side of the bottom plate far away from the protruding structure faces the surface to be mounted, the adjusting member is arranged between the bottom plate and the surface to be mounted, and the adjusting member can adjust the distance between the bottom plate and the surface to be mounted.
Further, the adjusting piece is arranged at one end of the bottom plate, and the adjusting piece is arranged at the other end of the bottom plate.
According to another aspect of the present invention, the present invention also provides a method for preparing the above sonication structure, comprising the steps of:
arranging a plurality of virtual grooves on the bottom plate according to the acted sound wave frequency band, wherein the depths of the virtual grooves are arranged in a secondary residual sequence, the maximum groove depth is 1/2 of the lowest frequency sound wave wavelength in the acted sound wave frequency band, and the width of the virtual groove is 1/2 of the highest frequency sound wave wavelength in the acted sound wave frequency band; the positions, corresponding to the virtual grooves, of one side of the bottom plate are respectively provided with the protruding structures, the width of each protruding structure is consistent with that of each virtual groove, the thickness of the protruding structures in the direction perpendicular to the bottom plate is consistent, and the thickness of each protruding structure is not larger than the depth of the corresponding maximum groove.
Further, the calculation formula of the virtual groove width is as follows:
the virtual grooves are distributed on the bottom plate in a one-dimensional mode, and the depth of the nth virtual groove is calculated according to the following formula:
Sn＝n2modN
The virtual grooves are distributed on the bottom plate in a two-dimensional mode, and the depth of the mth virtual groove in the nth row is calculated according to the following formula:
Snm＝(n2+m2)modN
wherein D is the width of the virtual groove, c0Is the propagation velocity of sound waves in air, fmaxAt the highest frequency, λ, of the sound waves in the frequency band of the applied sound wavesminIs the minimum wavelength of the sound wave within the frequency band of the applied sound wave; h isnIs the depth of the nth virtual groove, hnmIs the depth, lambda, of the mth virtual groove of the nth rowmaxN is a positive integer and mod is a remainder, which is the maximum wavelength of the acoustic wave in the frequency band of the acoustic wave to be acted on.
Further, the direction parallel to the bottom plate is set as an x-axis direction, the direction perpendicular to the bottom plate is set as a y-axis direction, and the density and the bulk modulus of the convex structure satisfy the following relations:
the propagation velocity of the acoustic wave in the convex structure satisfies the following relationship:
where ρ is the density of the bump structure, K is the bulk modulus of the bump structure, ρ0Is the density of air, K0The volume modulus of air, L the thickness of the protruding structure, and h the depth of the virtual groove corresponding to the protruding structure.
Further, the thickness of the structural plate and the spacing cavity adjacent to the structural plate form a structural subunit, the density of the protruding structures in the direction perpendicular to the bottom plate is controlled by adjusting the thickness of the structural plate, the width of the slit or the aperture of the through hole, and the thickness of the structural subunit, the density of the protruding structures in the direction parallel to the bottom plate is controlled by adjusting the thickness of the structural plate and the thickness of the structural subunit, and the volume modulus of the protruding structures is controlled by adjusting the air space ratio in the protruding structures.
Compared with the prior art, the sound wave processing structure, the device and the preparation method have at least one or more of the following beneficial effects:
(1) the acoustic wave processing structure combines a secondary residual sequence with an acoustic conversion method, and considers a method for reducing the volume of a Schroeder scatterer by times from the beginning of design, and uses an acoustic metamaterial to construct an acoustic unit structure with anisotropic density, namely, a raised structure formed by designing or arranging a plurality of different perforated plate arrays or slit plate arrays according to a certain rule is arranged on one side of a bottom plate to be equivalent to a groove in the prior art, so that the phase of a reflected wave is adjusted, on one hand, the whole design can be a flat structure, and on the other hand, the hole diameter or slit width, the plate thickness, the size of a cavity, the whole thickness and the like in the raised structure can be designed, so that the acoustic wave diffusion effect of broadband is realized, and the ultra-thin broadband acoustic scatterer can be realized on the whole;
(2) the sound wave processing structure can reduce the volume of an acoustic scatterer, namely the sound wave processing structure, in a multiple manner while keeping the same scattering effect on sound waves, and improves the space utilization rate;
(3) according to the acoustic wave processing structure, the protruding structure can be made of a hard material or a porous material, a plurality of air flow channels with staggered pore cavities are formed and are connected with the outside air;
(4) according to the sound wave processing structure, the bottom plate is used for supporting the upper protruding structure, plays a role in reflecting sound waves and has a function of realizing modular installation;
(5) the sound wave processing device of this application, it utilizes the sound wave processing structure of this application, adopts porous material's bottom plate to construct the back reflection stratum, cooperation connecting piece such as hinge and regulating part such as folding adjustable support switch, adjustable bottom plate and wall wait for the distance between the installation face, can adjust the bottom plate state for "hug closely with treating the installation face" and "there is the cavity with treating the installation face" two kinds of situations for realize "scattering diffusion" and "sound absorption" two kinds of states on same sound wave processing structure.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a sonication structure provided in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 is a partial structural schematic view of a bump structure provided in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 3 is a graph comparing sound velocities represented by three convex structures provided in the embodiment of the present application and a desired sound velocity calculated by a transform acoustics method;
FIG. 4 is a comparison graph of scattering sound fields of three scatterers at 2000Hz provided by the embodiments of the present application;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an acoustic wave processing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 6 is a graph comparing sound absorption coefficient for sound treatment devices in the "off" state and the "30 open" state at 100Hz-5000Hz as provided in the examples of the present application;
FIG. 7 is a graph comparing the effect of scattering at three frequencies, 1.5kHz, 3kHz and 4.5kHz, respectively, with the sonication device in the "off" state.
The structure comprises a base plate 1, a convex structure 2, a structure unit 21, a structure plate 211, a partition plate 212, a slit 213, a separation cavity 214, a connecting piece 3, a regulating piece 4, a slit width w, a structure plate thickness t, a structure subunit thickness a, a convex structure width D and a convex structure thickness L.
Detailed Description
To further explain the technical means and effects of the present invention adopted to achieve the predetermined objects, the following detailed description of the embodiments, structures, features and effects according to the present invention will be given with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments.
Examples
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a sonication structure provided in an embodiment of the present application; fig. 2 is a partial structural schematic view of a bump structure provided in an embodiment of the present application; fig. 3 is a graph comparing sound velocities represented by three convex structures provided in the embodiment of the present application and a desired sound velocity calculated by a transform acoustics method; FIG. 4 is a comparison graph of scattering sound fields of three scatterers at 2000Hz provided by the embodiments of the present application; fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an acoustic wave processing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application; FIG. 6 is a graph comparing sound absorption coefficient for sound treatment devices in the "off" state and the "30 open" state at 100Hz-5000Hz as provided in the examples of the present application; FIG. 7 is a graph comparing the effect of scattering at three frequencies, 1.5kHz, 3kHz and 4.5kHz, respectively, with the sonication device in the "off" state.
The present embodiment provides an acoustic wave processing structure, which includes a bottom plate 1 and a plurality of protruding structures 2 disposed on one side of the bottom plate 1, as shown in fig. 1. Each of the protruding structures 2 includes a plurality of structural units 21, and the structural units 21 are distributed in a direction parallel to the bottom plate 1. Each of the structural units 21 includes a plurality of structural plates 211 and two partition plates 212. The utility model discloses a structural slab, including structural slab 211, bottom plate 1, partition plate 212, a plurality of structural slab 211 is along perpendicular 1 intervals of bottom plate, structural slab 211 with 1 interval of bottom plate sets up, a plurality of the structural slab 211 is along perpendicular 1 direction of bottom plate interval sets up in proper order, two the parallel interval of partition plate 212 sets up, a plurality of structural slab 211 locates two between the partition plate 212, the both ends of structural slab 211 respectively with two the partition plate 212 is connected, each be provided with slit 213 or a plurality of through-hole on the structural slab 211, slit 213 or through-hole are perpendicular run through in the 1 direction of bottom plate structural slab 211. In each of the protruding structures 2, a plurality of the structural units 21 are distributed along the width direction of the protruding structure 2, and two adjacent structural units 21 share one partition 212, as shown in fig. 2. The structural plate 211 shown in the figure is a slit plate, that is, the structural plate 211 is provided with a slit 213. The length direction of the slit 213 is the same as the length direction of the protruding structure 2, and both ends of the slit 213 in the length direction penetrate both ends of the structure plate 211. Of course, the structural plate 211 may also be a perforated plate, that is, the same effect of the slit 213 may also be achieved by forming a plurality of through holes on the structural plate 211. It should be noted that the shape, number, arrangement and size of the through holes are not limited, and the through holes can be designed and adjusted according to design requirements, so that the structure is simple, and further description is omitted.
In a further embodiment, the width of the protruding structure 2 is 1/2 of the wavelength of the highest frequency sound wave in the applied sound wave band. The thickness of the raised structure 2 is not greater than 1/2 of the lowest frequency acoustic wavelength in the acoustic frequency band in which it is used. Preferably, the thickness of the protruding structure 2 is 1/4 of the lowest frequency acoustic wavelength in the applied acoustic band.
In a further embodiment, the base plate 1 may be made of a hard material such as metal, plastic or porous material, and is made rigid so as to support the protruding structures 2 disposed thereon. The convex structure 2 can also be made of metal, plastic or hard materials such as porous materials.
The embodiment further provides a method for manufacturing the acoustic wave processing structure, which includes three steps: the method comprises the steps of arranging virtual grooves according to a secondary residual sequence, designing a structure with uniform thickness by using an acoustic transformation method, and designing an acoustic metamaterial by using a homogenization method to realize the plane scatterer. The number of the protruding structures 2 is determined according to the design result of the quadratic residue sequence. The thickness of the raised structure 2 is designed according to a transformed acoustic method. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
first, a plurality of virtual grooves are arranged on the bottom plate 1 according to the applied sound wave frequency band. The depths of the virtual grooves are arranged in a secondary residual sequence. Wherein the maximum groove depth is 1/2 the wavelength of the lowest frequency sound wave in the applied sound wave band. The width of the virtual groove is 1/2 of the wavelength of the highest frequency sound wave in the applied sound wave band.
The calculation formula of the virtual groove width is as follows:
the virtual grooves are distributed on the bottom plate 1 in two ways, one is in one-dimensional distribution, and the other is in two-dimensional distribution. The one-dimensional distribution is a linear distribution, and the two-dimensional distribution is a planar distribution.
When the virtual grooves are distributed on the bottom plate 1 in a one-dimensional manner, the calculation formula of the depth of the nth virtual groove is as follows:
Sn＝n2modN
when the virtual grooves are two-dimensionally distributed on the bottom plate 1, the calculation formula of the depth of the mth virtual groove in the nth row is as follows:
Snm＝(n2+m2)modN
wherein D is the width of the virtual groove, c0Is the propagation velocity of sound waves in air, fmaxAt the highest frequency, λ, of the sound waves in the frequency band of the applied sound wavesminIs the minimum wavelength of the sound wave within the frequency band of the applied sound wave; h isnIs the depth of the nth virtual groove, hnmIs the depth, lambda, of the mth virtual groove of the nth rowmaxN is a positive integer and mod is a remainder, which is the maximum wavelength of the acoustic wave in the frequency band of the acoustic wave to be acted on.
The second step is to unify the structure thickness by using the transformed acoustics to realize the multiple thickness reduction. The main principle is to reflect the change of sound wave propagation caused by the distortion of the space on the distribution of sound field material parameters. The effects of both on the sound field are fully equivalent. That is, after a certain material is filled in an actual space, an external observer looks like that sound waves generally propagate in another virtual space (filled with a classical medium). The method is based on the coordinate transformation modes such as compression, stretching or rotation and the like of the original sound field, and the effect of coordinate transformation is embodied in the parameters of the acoustic material, so that the control of the sound field is realized. The concrete relation is as follows:
where ρ is0And K0For the density and bulk modulus of air, A is the Jacobian matrix that maps real and virtual space to each other
And solving rho and K as material parameters needing to be filled in the actual space.
Specifically, the protruding structures 2 are respectively arranged at positions corresponding to each virtual groove on one side of the bottom plate 1 to be equivalent to the corresponding virtual grooves. The width of the protruding structure 2 is the same as the width of the virtual groove. The thickness of the plurality of the convex structures 2 along the direction vertical to the bottom plate 1 is consistent, and the thickness of the convex structures 2 is not more than the maximum groove depth. The direction parallel to the base plate 1 is set as the x-axis direction, and the direction perpendicular to the base plate 1 is set as the y-axis direction, as shown in fig. 1. The density and bulk modulus of the raised structures 2 need to satisfy the following relationship:
the propagation velocity of the acoustic wave in the convex structure 2 satisfies an anisotropic relationship, which is specifically as follows:
where ρ is the density of the convex structure 2, K is the bulk modulus of the convex structure 2, ρ0Is the density of air, K0The volume modulus of air, L the thickness of the protruding structure 2, and h the depth of the virtual groove corresponding to the protruding structure 2.
And finally, designing the acoustic metamaterial by using a homogenization method, an energy band theory or a parameter retrieval method, enabling equivalent parameters shown by the acoustic metamaterial to accord with the result designed by transforming acoustics, and realizing the plane scatterer. The planar scatterers are prepared using acoustic metamaterials to achieve an anisotropic density of the medium. The anisotropic density of the acoustic metamaterial can be realized by using a perforated plate array or a slit plate array. Specifically, the thickness of the structural plate 211 and the spacing cavity 214 adjacent to the structural plate 211 constitute a structural subunit. The density of the raised structures 2 in the direction perpendicular to the base plate 1 is controlled by adjusting the thickness of the structural plate 211, the slot width of the slots 213 or the aperture of the through holes, and the thickness of the structural subunits. The smaller the width of the slit 213 or the aperture of the through hole, the larger the filling rate of the structural plate 211 in the structural subunit, the larger the density of the protruding structures 2 in the direction perpendicular to the bottom plate 1, i.e. a direct proportion relationship. The density of the raised structures 2 in the direction parallel to the base plate 1 is controlled by adjusting the thickness of the structural plates 211 and the thickness of the structural subunits. The larger the filling rate of the structural plate 211 in the structural subunit is, the larger the density of the convex structures 2 in the direction parallel to the bottom plate 1 is, i.e. a direct proportion relationship is. The bulk modulus of the raised structure 2 is controlled by adjusting the air duty cycle within the raised structure 2. The smaller the duty cycle of the air in the convex structure 2 is, the larger the bulk modulus of the convex structure 2 is, i.e. the inverse relationship is.
The above scheme is further illustrated by way of example.
Example one:
in this example, the base plate 1 and the projection structures 2 are both made of 3D printed resin. The thickness of the bottom plate 1 is 2.5mm, and the bottom plate is attached to a wall and plays a role in reflecting sound waves.
The protruding structures 2 are arranged on the bottom plate 1, and the depth of the virtual groove is designed by combining the secondary residual sequence according to the frequency band of the sound wave to be diffused. For example, if a one-dimensional schroeder scatterer is used to diffuse a sound wave in a range of 1700Hz to 3400Hz, the deepest groove needs to be about 10cm, and the width is about D-5 cm. Calculating the depth arrangement of the virtual grooves when the quadratic residue sequence N is 7, as shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
| The nth virtual groove | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | … |
| Depth h (cm) of virtual groove | 2.5 | 10 | 5 | 5 | 10 | 2.5 | 0 | 2.5 | 10 | … |
As can be seen from table 1, there are 4 depth distributions of the virtual grooves. By using a converted acoustic method, a filling layer with the thickness L of 5cm is designed on one side of the bottom plate 1, and a material is filled in the filling layer with the thickness L of 5cm to form the protruding structure 2, so that groove depths with h of 0cm, 2.5cm, 5cm and 10cm are simulated respectively, and the requirement of reducing the size by nearly half is met. According to the transform acoustic calculation, the parameters of the 4 kinds of convex structures 2 are respectively shown in table 2:
TABLE 2
The sound velocity distribution is realized by using 4 different slit plates, each unit is required to be in a sub-wavelength (< lambda/10) to stably work in consideration of an action frequency band, so that the convex structure 2 with each width D of 5cm is divided into two identical structural units 21 on the left and right, and a hard partition plate 212 with the thickness of 1mm is used for separation in the middle, and the partition plate 212 is also made of resin. The types of the protruding structures 2 and the sizes of the specific structural units 21 are shown in Table 3:
TABLE 3
| Kind of convex structure | 1(0cm) | 2(2.5cm) | 3(5cm) | 4(10cm) |
| a(cm) | 5 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| t(cm) | Without structure | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.6 |
| w(cm) | Without structure | 0.7 | 0.3 | 0.1 |
The sound velocity of the designed metamaterial structure, namely the convex structure 2, and the sound velocity pair required by the calculation of the transformed acoustics are shown in fig. 3. It can be seen that the sound velocities exhibited by the three structures match the sound velocity calculated by the transformed acoustics. And the structure is broadband effective and can meet the design requirement.
Fig. 4 is a comparison graph of scattering sound fields of three scatterers at 2000Hz, wherein (a) is a sound field scattering effect graph of a sound wave processing structure designed in this example, i.e., a metamaterial planar scatterer with a thickness of 5cm, (b) is a sound field scattering effect graph of a commonly used schroeder scatterer with a thickness of 10cm, and (c) is a sound field scattering effect graph of a commonly used schroeder scatterer with a thickness of 5 cm. As can be seen from the figure, the 5cm metamaterial planar scatterer designed in this example has the same effect as the 10cm schroeder scatterer, and the reflected sound waves are diffused and spread all around, while the 5cm schroeder scatterer cannot play a role in diffusing the sound waves in this frequency band, and the reflected sound waves are spread upwards, and thus the metamaterial planar scatterer does not have good diffusion performance. The sonication structure of the present application is thus able to reduce the size of the structure by multiples while still maintaining its good performance.
The present embodiment also provides a sonic processing apparatus including the sonic processing structure described above, as well as the connecting member 3 and the regulating member 4. As shown in fig. 5, the connecting member 3 is preferably a hinge. The adjusting element 4 is preferably a folding adjustable support switch. The adjusting piece 4 is arranged at one end of the bottom plate 1, and the adjusting piece 4 is arranged at the other end of the bottom plate 1. The sound wave processing structure is rotatably arranged on the wall surface to wait for the installation surface through the connecting piece 3, and meanwhile, the sound wave processing structure can be prevented from displacing. One side of the bottom plate 1, which is far away from the protruding structure 2, faces the surface to be installed, the adjusting piece 4 is arranged between the bottom plate 1 and the surface to be installed, and the adjusting piece 4 can adjust the distance between the bottom plate 1 and the surface to be installed. When the folding adjustable type wall switch is specifically implemented, the adjusting pieces 4 such as the folding adjustable type support switch can jack up one end of the bottom plate 1 by a certain angle, and the bottom plate 1 can be contracted to be close to the wall surface as far as possible, so that the switch function is realized. Namely, the state of the bottom plate 1 is adjusted to be two conditions of 'clinging to the wall surface' and 'having a cavity with the wall body', which respectively correspond to two states of 'diffusion' and 'absorption'.
The above scheme is further illustrated by way of example.
Example two:
in the present example, the base plate 1 is a 9mm standard plate manufactured by Bai Jiali, and the gram weight is 1900kg/m2. The protruding structure 2 is made of 3D printed resin.
The left end of the bottom plate 1 is connected with the hinge and fixed on the wall, the right end of the bottom plate is connected with the folding adjustable support switch, and the lower end of the switch is also fixed on the wall.
When the adjustable supporting switch is in an 'off' state, the bottom plate 1 is tightly attached to the wall, and the effect of reflecting sound waves by a hard boundary is achieved. When the adjustable support switch is in an 'on' state, a cavity exists between the bottom plate 1 and the wall, and the whole body is in an 'absorption' mode.
The protruding structures 2 are arranged on the bottom plate 1, and the depth of the virtual groove is designed by combining the secondary residual sequence according to the frequency band of the sound wave to be diffused. For example, if a one-dimensional schroeder scatterer is used to diffuse a sound wave in a range of 1700Hz to 3400Hz, the deepest groove needs to be about 10cm, and the width is about D-5 cm. Calculating the depth arrangement of the virtual grooves when the quadratic residue sequence N is 7, as shown in table 1:
TABLE 4
| The nth virtual groove | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | … |
| Depth h (cm) of virtual groove | 2.5 | 10 | 5 | 5 | 10 | 2.5 | 0 | 2.5 | 10 | … |
As can be seen from table 4, there are 4 depth distributions of the virtual grooves. By using a converted acoustic method, a filling layer with the thickness L of 5cm is designed on one side of the bottom plate 1, and a material is filled in the filling layer with the thickness L of 5cm to form the protruding structure 2, so that groove depths with h of 0cm, 2.5cm, 5cm and 10cm are simulated respectively, and the requirement of reducing the size by nearly half is met. According to the transform acoustic calculation, the parameters of the 4 kinds of convex structures 2 are shown in table 5:
TABLE 5
The sound velocity distribution is realized by using 4 different slit plates, each unit is required to be in a sub-wavelength (< lambda/10) to stably work in consideration of an action frequency band, so that the convex structure 2 with each width D of 5cm is divided into two identical structural units 21 on the left and right, and a hard partition plate 212 with the thickness of 1mm is used for separation in the middle, and the partition plate 212 is also made of resin. The types of the protruding structures 2 and the sizes of the specific structural units 21 are shown in Table 6:
TABLE 6
| Kind of convex structure | 1(0cm) | 2(2.5cm) | 3(5cm) | 4(10cm) |
| a(cm) | 5 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| t(cm) | Without structure | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.6 |
| w(cm) | Without structure | 0.7 | 0.3 | 0.1 |
Fig. 6 is a comparison graph of sound absorption coefficients in a state of 100Hz to 5000Hz, an "off" state and a "30-degree" open state, a square line is a structural sound absorption coefficient in the "off" state, a round line is a structural sound absorption coefficient in the "30-degree" open state, and it can be seen that the low-frequency sound absorption coefficient is greatly improved as a whole in the "30-degree" open state. By opening, the closing structure can achieve control of the sound absorption coefficient.
Fig. 7 shows the scattering effect of the structure in the "off" state, under the three frequencies of 1.5kHz, 3kHz and 4.5kHz, and it can be seen from the figure that the scattering effect is more disordered in the frequency band due to the structural distribution arranged according to the secondary residue, and the scattering effect has no obvious directivity and good diffusion performance. Moreover, the planar scatterer made of the metamaterial, namely the convex structure 2, can work at a low frequency of 1.5kHz under the condition that the thickness is about 5cm, and the effect is the same as that of a Schroeder scatterer with the thickness of 10cm, and reflected sound waves are diffused and spread to the periphery. Therefore, the structure can keep good performance while reducing the size of the structure by times, and has the effect of adjustable sound absorption coefficient.
Compared with the prior art, the sound wave processing structure, the device and the preparation method have at least one or more of the following beneficial effects:
(1) the acoustic wave processing structure combines a secondary residual sequence with an acoustic conversion method, and considers a method for reducing the volume of a Schroeder scatterer by times from the beginning of design, and uses an acoustic metamaterial to construct an acoustic unit structure with anisotropic density, namely, a raised structure formed by designing or arranging a plurality of different perforated plate arrays or slit plate arrays according to a certain rule is arranged on one side of a bottom plate to be equivalent to a groove in the prior art, so that the phase of a reflected wave is adjusted, on one hand, the whole design can be a flat structure, and on the other hand, the hole diameter or slit width, the plate thickness, the size of a cavity, the whole thickness and the like in the raised structure can be designed, so that the acoustic wave diffusion effect of broadband is realized, and the ultra-thin broadband acoustic scatterer can be realized on the whole;
(2) the sound wave processing structure can reduce the volume of an acoustic scatterer, namely the sound wave processing structure, in a multiple manner while keeping the same scattering effect on sound waves, and improves the space utilization rate;
(3) according to the acoustic wave processing structure, the protruding structure can be made of a hard material or a porous material, a plurality of air flow channels with staggered pore cavities are formed and are connected with the outside air;
(4) according to the sound wave processing structure, the bottom plate is used for supporting the upper protruding structure, plays a role in reflecting sound waves and has a function of realizing modular installation;
(5) the sound wave processing device of this application, it utilizes the sound wave processing structure of this application, adopts porous material's bottom plate to construct the back reflection stratum, cooperation connecting piece such as hinge and regulating part such as folding adjustable support switch, adjustable bottom plate and wall wait for the distance between the installation face, can adjust the bottom plate state for "hug closely with treating the installation face" and "there is the cavity with treating the installation face" two kinds of situations for realize "scattering diffusion" and "sound absorption" two kinds of states on same sound wave processing structure.
As used herein, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, including not only those elements listed, but also other elements not expressly listed.
In this document, the terms front, back, upper and lower are used to define the components in the drawings and the positions of the components relative to each other, and are used for clarity and convenience of the technical solution. It is to be understood that the use of the directional terms should not be taken to limit the scope of the claims.
The features of the embodiments and embodiments described herein above may be combined with each other without conflict.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (11)
1. The utility model provides a sound wave processing structure, its characterized in that, it includes bottom plate (1) and locates a plurality of protruding structure (2) of bottom plate (1) one side, each protruding structure (2) include a plurality of constitutional unit (21) respectively, a plurality of constitutional unit (21) are along being parallel bottom plate (1) direction distribution, each include a plurality of structural slab (211) and two baffles (212) in constitutional unit (21) respectively, structural slab (211) with bottom plate (1) parallel arrangement, structural slab (211) with bottom plate (1) interval sets up, baffle (212) with bottom plate (1) vertical setting, a plurality of structural slab (211) are along perpendicular bottom plate (1) direction interval sets gradually, two baffle (212) parallel interval sets up, a plurality of structural slab (211) are located between two baffles (212), the both ends of structure board (211) are respectively with two baffle (212) are connected, each be provided with slit (213) or a plurality of through-hole on structure board (211), slit (213) or through-hole are in the perpendicular bottom plate (1) is upwards run through structure board (211).
2. The acoustic processing structure according to claim 1, wherein in each of the convex structures (2), a plurality of the structural units (21) are distributed along the width direction of the convex structure (2), and two adjacent structural units (21) share one partition plate (212).
3. The acoustic processing structure of claim 2, wherein the width of the protruding structure (2) is 1/2 of the wavelength of the highest frequency acoustic wave in the applied acoustic frequency band, and the thickness of the protruding structure (2) is not greater than 1/2 of the wavelength of the lowest frequency acoustic wave in the applied acoustic frequency band.
4. The acoustic processing structure according to claim 2, wherein the length direction of the slit (213) coincides with the length direction of the protruding structure (2), and both ends of the slit (213) in the length direction penetrate both ends of the structural plate (211).
5. Sonication structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the base plate (1) and/or the raised structure (2) are of porous material, the base plate (1) and/or the raised structure (2) being rigid.
6. A sonication device, comprising a sonication structure according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising a connecting member (3) and an adjusting member (4), wherein the sonication structure is rotatably mounted on a surface to be mounted by the connecting member (3), a side of the base plate (1) remote from the projection structure (2) faces the surface to be mounted, the adjusting member (4) is disposed between the base plate (1) and the surface to be mounted, and the adjusting member (4) is capable of adjusting a distance between the base plate (1) and the surface to be mounted.
7. The acoustic processing device according to claim 6, characterized in that the adjusting member (4) is arranged at one end of the base plate (1), and the adjusting member (4) is arranged at the other end of the base plate (1).
8. A method of making a sonication structure according to any of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
arranging a plurality of virtual grooves on the bottom plate (1) according to the applied sound wave frequency band, wherein the depths of the virtual grooves are arranged in a secondary residual sequence, the maximum groove depth is 1/2 of the lowest frequency sound wave wavelength in the applied sound wave frequency band, and the width of the virtual groove is 1/2 of the highest frequency sound wave wavelength in the applied sound wave frequency band;
the positions, corresponding to the virtual grooves, of one side of the bottom plate (1) are respectively provided with the protruding structures (2), the width of each protruding structure (2) is consistent with that of each virtual groove, the thickness of the protruding structures (2) in the direction perpendicular to the bottom plate (1) is consistent, and the thickness of each protruding structure (2) is not larger than the maximum groove depth.
9. The method of making a sonication structure according to claim 8,
the calculation formula of the virtual groove width is as follows:
the virtual grooves are distributed on the bottom plate (1) in a one-dimensional mode, and the depth of the nth virtual groove is calculated according to the following formula:
Sn＝n2modN
The virtual grooves are distributed on the bottom plate (1) in a two-dimensional mode, and the depth of the mth virtual groove in the nth row is calculated according to the following formula:
Snm＝(n2+m2)modN
wherein D is the width of the virtual groove, c0Is the propagation velocity of sound waves in air, fmaxAt the highest frequency, λ, of the sound waves in the frequency band of the applied sound wavesminIs the minimum wavelength of the sound wave within the frequency band of the applied sound wave; h isnIs the depth of the nth virtual groove, hnmIs the depth, lambda, of the mth virtual groove of the nth rowmaxN is a positive integer and mod is a remainder, which is the maximum wavelength of the acoustic wave in the frequency band of the acoustic wave to be acted on.
10. The method of making a sonication structure according to claim 8,
setting the direction parallel to the bottom plate (1) as an x-axis direction, setting the direction vertical to the bottom plate (1) as a y-axis direction, and enabling the density and the bulk modulus of the convex structure (2) to satisfy the following relations:
the propagation velocity of the acoustic wave in the convex structure (2) satisfies the following relationship:
wherein ρ is convexThe density of the raised structure (2), K being the bulk modulus, rho, of the raised structure (2)0Is the density of air, K0The volume modulus of air, L is the thickness of the convex structure (2), and h is the depth of the virtual groove corresponding to the convex structure (2).
11. The method of producing a sonication structure according to claim 10, characterized in that the thickness of the structural plate (211) and the spacing cavities (214) adjacent to the structural plate (211) constitute a structural subunit, the density of the raised structures (2) in the direction perpendicular to the base plate (1) is controlled by adjusting the thickness of the structural plate (211), the slot width of the slots (213) or the aperture of the through holes, and the thickness of the structural subunit, the density of the raised structures (2) in the direction parallel to the base plate (1) is controlled by adjusting the thickness of the structural plate (211) and the thickness of the structural subunit, and the bulk modulus of the raised structures (2) is controlled by adjusting the air duty cycle in the raised structures (2).
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| CN114170991A (en) * | 2021-11-09 | 2022-03-11 | 中科建声(苏州)新材料科技有限公司 | Miniaturized broadband low-frequency noise elimination pipeline |
| CN114351607A (en) * | 2021-12-09 | 2022-04-15 | 上海交通大学 | Noise reduction structure at top of sound barrier |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114170991A (en) * | 2021-11-09 | 2022-03-11 | 中科建声(苏州)新材料科技有限公司 | Miniaturized broadband low-frequency noise elimination pipeline |
| CN114351607A (en) * | 2021-12-09 | 2022-04-15 | 上海交通大学 | Noise reduction structure at top of sound barrier |
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