CN113529006A - Wear-resistant nano ceramic coating and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Wear-resistant nano ceramic coating and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113529006A CN113529006A CN202110666112.0A CN202110666112A CN113529006A CN 113529006 A CN113529006 A CN 113529006A CN 202110666112 A CN202110666112 A CN 202110666112A CN 113529006 A CN113529006 A CN 113529006A
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- 238000005524 ceramic coating Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 13
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000007751 thermal spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910001691 hercynite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- VEPSWGHMGZQCIN-UHFFFAOYSA-H ferric oxalate Chemical group [Fe+3].[Fe+3].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O VEPSWGHMGZQCIN-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000002505 iron Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011858 nanopowder Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 159000000014 iron salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003541 multi-stage reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007750 plasma spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoferriooxy)iron hydrate Chemical compound O.O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 abstract description 15
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 8
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 8
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003841 chloride salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010791 domestic waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
- C23C4/134—Plasma spraying
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
- C23C4/10—Oxides, borides, carbides, nitrides or silicides; Mixtures thereof
- C23C4/11—Oxides
Abstract
The invention discloses a wear-resistant nano ceramic coating and a preparation method thereof, wherein nano aluminum oxide and nano zirconium oxide are used as raw materials, organic ferric salt is innovatively added as a nano iron oxide source, and a plasma thermal spraying technology is adopted to be matched with the nano raw materials and the organic ferric salt to enable the coating to generate a zirconium composite hercynite structure, so that the surface of a substrate has better volume density and mechanical strength, and higher wear resistance and erosion resistance. The invention has simple production equipment, short process flow, small or even zero pollution to the environment, solves the problem of shortened service life caused by serious abrasion and corrosion of equipment used in the cement industry, and has wide market prospect and huge economic and social benefits.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of refractory materials for the cement industry, and particularly relates to a wear-resistant nano ceramic coating and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the development of technology in recent years, the rotary cement kiln is not only used for producing cement, but also used for treating municipal domestic waste, and meanwhile, the waste is used as part of energy resources of the cement industry to replace fuel, so that obvious economic and social benefits are obtained. However, the domestic garbage contains harmful substances such as chlorides, sulfides, alkaline substances and the like which can aggravate the corrosion of kiln lining refractory materials. And the equipment used in the production of the novel dry method cement, such as a rotary kiln, is developing towards large-scale production, has large volume and high rotating speed, and also puts higher requirements on the performance of refractory materials, such as wear resistance, low thermal conductivity and the like. Nowadays, the refractory materials used in the cement industry, such as transition belts of rotary cement kilns and the like, are commonly made of high-alumina silicon carbide refractory materials, and the materials have great effects on the technical progress and development of the cement industry. However, current high alumina silicon carbide refractories are severely eroded by wear resulting in severe service life challenges.
The existing preparation method and the process flow of the wear-resistant ceramic coating are relatively complex, the used raw materials are more, redundant and difficultly-treated byproducts, residues and emissions are generated, and the pollution degree to the environment is higher; the physical and chemical properties of the wear-resistant ceramic coating are not good enough, the applicability and the flexibility of the product are poor, the service life of production equipment is short, and the production efficiency and the production cost are influenced.
The wear-resistant ceramic coating has large use amount in the production of the cement industry, and the problem that the wear-resistant ceramic coating with lower cost, longer service life and better performance needs to be solved is urgent at present.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a wear-resistant nano ceramic coating and a preparation method thereof, wherein the wear-resistant nano ceramic coating uses fewer raw materials, is relatively simple in preparation method and process flow, does not contain redundant and difficult-to-treat byproducts, residues and emissions, has low pollution degree to the environment, can produce a wear-resistant coating with better performance, improves the performance and service life of equipment in a cement enterprise, improves the running efficiency of the equipment, reduces loss, and saves materials and energy.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a wear-resistant nano ceramic coating is prepared through mixing nano raw material with organic iron salt or directly granulating, plasma hot spraying, heating to molten or semi-molten state, high-speed spraying to the surface of pretreated material, and quick solidification.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the raw materials comprise the following nano metal oxides and organic iron salts in percentage by mass (wt%): nano alumina (Al)2O3)40-60wt% of nano zirconium oxide (ZrO)2)5-10wt% of organic iron salt.
Wherein the granularity of the alumina is 10-20 nm.
Wherein the zirconia particle size is 10-20 nm.
Wherein the organic iron salt is ferric oxalate (Fe)2(C2O4)3·5H2O)。
Wherein the particle size of the organic ferric salt is 0.1-10 mu m.
A preparation method of a wear-resistant nano ceramic coating comprises the following steps:
step one, mixing raw materials:
putting the nano alumina, the nano zirconia and the organic ferric salt micro powder with the granularity of 10-20nm into a high-speed mixer, and uniformly mixing for 360min to obtain uniformly mixed nano alumina, nano zirconia and organic ferric salt powder;
step two, parameter adjustment and matrix pretreatment:
adjusting parameters of related equipment of plasma thermal spraying, including power supply parameters of a rectification main power supply, power supply parameters and frequency parameters of a control cabinet, related parameters of a water cooling system and a gas supply system, and powder feeding amount of a spray gun and a powder feeder, and adjusting according to the particle size range of the used powder; meanwhile, the pretreatment work for preparing the part needing to be coated with the substrate is needed;
step three, plasma thermal spraying:
storing the uniformly mixed nano powder in a powder feeder, heating the raw materials to a molten or semi-molten state by adopting electric arcs or plasma arcs as a heat source, spraying the raw materials to the surface of the pretreated material at a high speed, and quickly solidifying to form a wear-resistant coating with firm adhesion;
step four, rechecking:
after spraying, the coating state is checked or a part of sample is taken for detection after a period of time, and whether the related performance meets the use requirement is determined.
The nano raw materials adopt nano alumina and nano zirconia with the granularity of 10-20nm, the used raw materials are nano alumina and zirconia materials with excellent performance, the nano granularity further enhances the performance of the nano alumina and zirconia materials, and the performance of the wear-resistant ceramic coating is improved by optimizing the performance and the proportion of the raw materials.
According to the invention, the organic iron salt material is innovatively introduced, and the organic iron salt is added, so that the preparation method not only has the advantages of increasing the fluidity and uniformity and accelerating the reaction rate, but also can obtain the nanoscale iron oxide through thermal decomposition at high temperature, and the iron oxide obtained through the reaction has higher activity compared with the iron oxide directly introduced, and is easier to react or compound. Organic ferric salts such as ferric oxalate and the like can be subjected to thermal decomposition under the high-temperature condition generated in the plasma spraying process to generate high-purity and strong-activity nano iron oxide, and the nano iron oxide and nano zirconium oxide in the raw materials are subjected to composite reaction to generate zirconium composite hercynite. The composite hercynite has the characteristics of a heterogeneous microstructure and a multiphase combination, the structural composition not only has the traditional excellent characteristics of spinel materials such as high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, impact resistance, low thermal conductivity, high hardness, wear resistance and the like, but also has good flexibility, the spinel formed by alumina, iron oxide, zirconia and the like with excellent physicochemical properties can be used on a cement rotary kiln for hanging kiln skins and adapting to the deformation of kiln shells, and the spinel formed by the alumina, the iron oxide, the zirconia and the like with excellent physicochemical properties is especially outstanding among the spinel, and the service life of the spinel can be greatly prolonged when the spinel is used on coating equipment. Meanwhile, the preparation method has relatively simple process flow, has small pollution degree to the environment, can produce products with more excellent performance, and contributes to economic and social development.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a wear-resistant nano ceramic coating and a preparation method thereof, wherein a nano material with excellent performance and an organic iron salt are used as a nano iron oxide source, and the obtained nano iron oxide has higher activity; the coating generates a zirconium composite hercynite structure by adopting a plasma thermal spraying technology and matching with nano raw materials and organic iron salt, so that the surface of the matrix has better volume density and mechanical strength and higher wear resistance and erosion resistance. The invention has simple production equipment, short process flow, small or even zero pollution to the environment, solves the problem of shortened service life caused by serious abrasion and corrosion of equipment used in the cement industry, and has wide market prospect and huge social and economic benefits.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples. The embodiment of the invention provides a wear-resistant nano ceramic coating for cement industry, in particular to a high-temperature wear-resistant coating with a main structural component of zirconium-hercynite, which is suitable for a refractory material used in the cement industry, can be a high-alumina refractory material, can also be a magnesia carbon brick, and can also be a dry castable material, and the wear-resistant nano ceramic coating is in the application range of the invention.
Example 1, preparation of a wear resistant nanoceramic coating, comprising the steps of:
step one, mixing raw materials:
mixing nanometer alumina with particle size of 10-20nm, nanometer zirconia, and ferric oxalate powder (according to weight percentage), nanometer alumina (Al)2O3)40wt% nano zirconium oxide (ZrO)2)10wt% and the balance of iron oxalate (Fe)2(C2O4)3·5H2O). Putting the mixture into a high-speed mixer to uniformly mix for 360min to obtain uniformly mixed nano alumina, nano zirconia and ferric oxalate powder.
Step two, parameter adjustment and matrix pretreatment:
parameters of related equipment of plasma thermal spraying are adjusted, such as power supply parameters of a rectification main power supply, power supply parameters and frequency parameters of a control cabinet, related parameters of a water cooling system and a gas supply system, powder feeding amount of a spray gun and a powder feeder and the like, are also adjusted to a certain extent according to the particle size range of the used powder. At the same time, the substrate area to be coated is prepared for the corresponding pretreatment.
Step three, plasma thermal spraying:
and storing the uniformly mixed nano powder in a powder feeder, heating the raw materials to a molten or semi-molten state by adopting electric arcs or plasma arcs as a heat source, spraying the raw materials to the surface of the pretreated material at a high speed, and quickly solidifying to form a firmly-adhered wear-resistant coating.
Step four, rechecking: after spraying, the coating state is checked or a part of sample is taken for detection after a period of time, and whether the related performance meets the use requirement is determined.
Example 2
Compared to example 1, except that in terms of mass percent (wt%), nano alumina (Al)2O3)50wt% nano zirconium oxide (ZrO)2)5wt% and the balance of iron oxalate (Fe)2(C2O4)3·5H2O), the others are the same as in example 1.
Example 3
Compared to example 1, except that in terms of mass percent (wt%), nano alumina (Al)2O3) 60wt% nano zirconium oxide (ZrO)2)5wt% and the balance of iron oxalate (Fe)2(C2O4)3·5H2O), the others are the same as in example 1.
Example 4
Compared to example 1, except that in terms of mass percent (wt%), nano alumina (Al)2O3)40wt% nano zirconium oxide (ZrO)2)5wt% and the balance of iron oxalate (Fe)2(C2O4)3·5H2O), the others are the same as in example 1.
Example 5
Compared to example 1, except that in terms of mass percent (wt%), nano alumina (Al)2O3)40wt% nano zirconium oxide (ZrO)2)8wt% and the balance of iron oxalate (Fe)2(C2O4)3·5H2O), the others are the same as in example 1.
The invention is not described in detail in the prior art, and the above examples will help those skilled in the art to further understand the invention, but do not limit the invention in any way. Various changes in form or detail or equivalent may be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A wear-resistant nano ceramic coating is characterized in that: the raw materials comprise the following nano metal oxides and organic iron salts in percentage by mass: 40-60wt% of nano alumina, 5-10wt% of nano zirconia and the balance of organic iron salt.
2. The wear-resistant nanoceramic coating according to claim 1, wherein: the granularity of the alumina is 10-20 nm.
3. The wear-resistant nanoceramic coating according to claim 1, wherein: the granularity of the zirconia is 10-20 nm.
4. The wear-resistant nanoceramic coating according to claim 1, wherein: the organic iron salt is ferric oxalate.
5. The wear-resistant nanoceramic coating according to claim 1, wherein: the particle size of the organic ferric salt is 0.1-10 mu m.
6. The method for preparing a wear-resistant nano-ceramic coating according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: step one, mixing raw materials: putting the nano alumina, the nano zirconia and the organic ferric salt micro powder with the granularity of 10-20nm into a high-speed mixer, and uniformly mixing for 360min to obtain uniformly mixed nano alumina, nano zirconia and organic ferric salt powder; step two, parameter adjustment and matrix pretreatment: adjusting parameters of related equipment of plasma thermal spraying, including power supply parameters of a rectification main power supply, power supply parameters and frequency parameters of a control cabinet, related parameters of a water cooling system and a gas supply system, and powder feeding amount of a spray gun and a powder feeder, and adjusting according to the particle size range of the used powder; meanwhile, the pretreatment work for preparing the part needing to be coated with the substrate is needed;
step three, plasma thermal spraying: storing the uniformly mixed nano powder in a powder feeder, heating the raw materials to a molten or semi-molten state by adopting electric arcs or plasma arcs as a heat source, spraying the raw materials to the surface of the pretreated material at a high speed, and quickly solidifying to form a wear-resistant coating with firm adhesion; step four, rechecking: after spraying, the coating state is checked or a part of sample is taken for detection after a period of time, and whether the related performance meets the use requirement is determined.
7. The method for preparing a wear-resistant nano-ceramic coating according to claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the organic ferric salt is thermally decomposed under the high-temperature condition generated in the plasma spraying process to generate nano ferric oxide, and the nano ferric oxide and the nano alumina in the raw materials are subjected to composite reaction to generate the zirconium composite hercynite.
8. The method for preparing a wear-resistant nano-ceramic coating according to claim 7, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the composite hercynite has a non-homogeneous microstructure and a multiphase combination characteristic.
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CN109467455A (en) * | 2018-11-27 | 2019-03-15 | 陈涛 | A kind of cement matrix ceramic spraying method |
-
2021
- 2021-06-16 CN CN202110666112.0A patent/CN113529006A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
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CN102596853A (en) * | 2009-04-13 | 2012-07-18 | 杨全祖 | Method for making functional ceramic films on ceramic materials |
CN101580402A (en) * | 2009-06-22 | 2009-11-18 | 河北理工大学 | Magnesia alumina spinel-zirconia-ferric oxide composite material and preparation method thereof |
US20120017805A1 (en) * | 2010-01-21 | 2012-01-26 | Eric Hopkins Jordan | Preparation of amorphous mixed metal oxides and their use as feedstocks in thermal spray coating |
CN109467455A (en) * | 2018-11-27 | 2019-03-15 | 陈涛 | A kind of cement matrix ceramic spraying method |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
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C.W.D.ANDREWS: "The effects of substrate materials and powder type on the properties of plasma sprayed ferrite", 《JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE》 * |
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Application publication date: 20211022 |
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RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |