CN113528994A - Titanium alloy surface antifriction and wear-resistant modification process - Google Patents
Titanium alloy surface antifriction and wear-resistant modification process Download PDFInfo
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- CN113528994A CN113528994A CN202110793227.6A CN202110793227A CN113528994A CN 113528994 A CN113528994 A CN 113528994A CN 202110793227 A CN202110793227 A CN 202110793227A CN 113528994 A CN113528994 A CN 113528994A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/16—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of other metals or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/18—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/183—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon of titanium or alloys based thereon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C27/00—Alloys based on rhenium or a refractory metal not mentioned in groups C22C14/00 or C22C16/00
- C22C27/04—Alloys based on tungsten or molybdenum
Abstract
The invention discloses a titanium alloy surface antifriction and wear-resistant modification process. The process adopts an electric spark strengthening method to modify the surface of the titanium alloy, the electrode is a tungsten electrode, and the mass fraction ratio of the elements is as follows: 13-18% of C, 6-10% of O, 3-4% of Ce and the balance of W, wherein the titanium alloy matrix is TC4 titanium alloy. Polishing and ultrasonically cleaning the surface of a titanium alloy substrate, and strengthening the surface of a sample by using an electric spark surfacing machine, wherein the main parameter range of the strengthening process is as follows: rotating speed: 350-500 r/min; the voltage is 20-60V; output power ratio: 10 to 50 percent; discharge frequency: 100-300 Hz; the strengthening time is 2-5min per square centimeter. The friction coefficient of the strengthening layer provided by the invention and the steel ball in a ball-disk test is 0.1-0.2, the hardness is 7-10GPa, and the strengthening layer can be used in the fields of aerospace, automobile machinery, ship engineering and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a metal surface modification process, in particular to a titanium alloy surface antifriction and wear-resistant modification process.
Technical Field
The titanium alloy has the characteristics of small density, high specific strength and strong corrosion resistance, and is widely applied to the fields of aerospace, ship industry and the like, but the titanium alloy has low hardness, poor wear resistance and large friction coefficient, and limits the application range of titanium alloy parts.
Patent CN201710357669.X firstly prepares amorphous material TiZrNiCuBe on the surface of titanium alloy by adopting an electric spark strengthening mode to form a titanium fire-proof flame-retardant layer, and secondly prepares ZrO on the surface of the flame-retardant layer by adopting plasma spraying2.7-8％Y2O3An insulating layer. The patent focuses on the flame retardant property of the titanium alloy strengthening layer, and the frictional wear property of the strengthening layer is not tested.
In patent CN201810255947.5, a titanium alloy material is used as a substrate, a titanium alloy with the same type as the substrate material is used as an electrode material, and a titanium alloy strengthening layer is prepared on the surface of the substrate by an electric spark strengthening method. The patent only focuses on the bonding condition between the strengthening layer and the substrate, and the friction and wear performance of the strengthening layer is not tested.
Patent ZL201811209330.6 employs: TiC 16-17%, WS2And 22-25% of Ni60 and the balance of Ni60 are uniformly mixed with a binder, prefabricated and coated on the surface of TC4, and dried to obtain the composite strengthening layer by adopting a laser cladding process. The average hardness of the composite strengthening layer provided by the patent is doubled compared with that of TC4, and the working condition is Si of which the mating part is 5mm3N4The friction coefficients of the ceramic ball, the load 5N, the rotating radius of 1mm, the linear velocity of 8.44m/min, the time of 30min, the temperature of 20 ℃, 300 ℃, 600 ℃ and 800 ℃ are 0.44, 0.39, 0.38 and 0.32 respectively.
Patent CN201711197771.4 discloses a method for strengthening the surface of titanium alloy by combining surface nano-crystallization technology and ion nitriding technology. The patent is carriedThe strengthening layer is provided with Si3N4The dry friction coefficient of the grinding balls under different loads (15N, 20N and 25N) is 0.2-0.4.
The method mainly focuses on improving the hardness and the high-temperature oxidation resistance of the titanium alloy strengthening layer, and does not perform systematic research on the friction and wear resistance of the strengthening layer, so that a titanium alloy surface modification process is explored, the friction and wear resistance of the surface is greatly improved under the condition that the surface has certain bonding strength, and the method has important significance in expanding the application of the titanium alloy material in the related fields of friction and wear.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a titanium alloy antifriction and wear-resistant modification process.
The invention provides a titanium alloy surface antifriction and wear-resistant modification process, wherein an electrode is a tungsten electrode, and the titanium alloy surface antifriction and wear-resistant modification process comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: 13-18% of C, 6-10% of O, 3-4% of Ce and the balance of W, wherein the titanium alloy substrate is commercial grade TC4 titanium alloy.
The process comprises the following steps:
step 1: and (3) removing an oxide layer on the surface of the TC4 titanium alloy test sample by using 2000-mesh water-mill sandpaper until no obvious scratch is formed on the surface, and ultrasonically cleaning in 95% ethanol for 15 min.
Step 2: and wiping the cleaned titanium alloy sample by using dust-free paper, and clamping on a clamp of an electric spark surfacing machine.
And step 3: the tungsten electrode is used for carrying out electric spark surface strengthening modification on the surface of TC4 titanium alloy, and the main parameter ranges are as follows: rotating speed: 350-500 r/min; the voltage is 20-60V; output power ratio: 10 to 50 percent; discharge frequency: 100-300 Hz; reinforcement time per square centimeter: 2-5 min; and the tungsten electrode moves unidirectionally on the surface of the TC4 titanium alloy, and rotates the clamping table by 90 degrees to perform unidirectional movement again after the strengthening is finished.
And 4, step 4: and after the sample is cooled to room temperature, taking down the sample to finish surface strengthening modification.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: compared with the prior art, the invention greatly improves the antifriction and wear-resistant performance of the titanium alloy, can prolong the service life of titanium alloy parts, has the advantages of simple modification process preparation method, low cost of raw material equipment, simple operation and the like, and has good application prospect. The test result shows that the hardness of the modified layer prepared by the invention is 7-10GPa, the friction coefficient of a ball-disk test on a GCr15 steel ball under the condition of atmospheric dry friction is 0.1-0.2, no rust is generated by a spray-dry neutral salt spray test for 96 hours, and the modified layer is suitable for the fields of aerospace, automobile machinery, ship engineering and the like and has a very wide application prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 graph of coefficient of friction for example 1 and comparative example;
FIG. 2 optical microscope photograph of the wear scar after the rub test;
FIG. 3 is a specimen clamping and strengthening route diagram;
FIG. 4 comparative microhardness of example 1 to comparative example;
FIG. 5 surface topography after salt spray testing of example 1.
Detailed Description
The process for modifying the surface of the titanium alloy to reduce friction and resist wear provided by the invention is explained in detail by the following examples.
Example 1
Removing surface oxide layers on the side surfaces of titanium alloy cubes with the size of 10 x 20mm by using 2000-mesh water-grinding abrasive paper until no obvious scratches are formed on the surfaces, ultrasonically cleaning the titanium alloy cubes with 95% ethanol for 15min after polishing, taking out the titanium alloy cubes, wiping the cleaned titanium alloy cubes with dust-free paper, and clamping the titanium alloy cubes on a clamp of an electric spark surfacing machine, wherein the clamp is shown in figure 1. Performing electric spark surface strengthening on the TC4 titanium alloy surface by using a tungsten electrode, wherein the main strengthening parameters are as follows: rotating speed: 350 r/min; the voltage is 20V; output power ratio: 10 percent; discharge frequency: strengthening time of 100Hz and 5min per square centimeter; and (3) moving the surface to be strengthened in a single direction, rotating the clamping table by 90 degrees after strengthening is finished, moving the surface to be strengthened in a single direction again for strengthening, and taking down the sample after the sample is cooled to room temperature to finish strengthening.
Example 2
And (3) removing surface oxide layers on the side surfaces of the titanium alloy cubes with the size of 10 multiplied by 20mm by using 2000-mesh water-milled sand paper until no obvious scratches are formed on the surfaces, ultrasonically cleaning the titanium alloy cubes with 95% ethanol for 15min after polishing, taking out the titanium alloy cubes, wiping the cleaned titanium alloy cubes with dust-free paper, and clamping the titanium alloy cubes on a clamp of an electric spark surfacing machine. Performing electric spark surface strengthening on the TC4 titanium alloy surface by using a tungsten electrode, wherein the main strengthening parameters are as follows: rotating speed: 350 r/min; the voltage is 40V; output power ratio: 10 percent; discharge frequency: strengthening time of 100Hz and 5min per square centimeter; and (3) moving the surface to be strengthened in a single direction, rotating the clamping table by 90 degrees after strengthening is finished, moving the surface to be strengthened in a single direction again for strengthening, and taking down the sample after the sample is cooled to room temperature to finish strengthening.
Example 3
And (3) removing surface oxide layers on the side surfaces of the titanium alloy cubes with the size of 10 multiplied by 20mm by using 2000-mesh water-milled sand paper until no obvious scratches are formed on the surfaces, ultrasonically cleaning the titanium alloy cubes with 95% ethanol for 15min after polishing, taking out the titanium alloy cubes, wiping the cleaned titanium alloy cubes with dust-free paper, and clamping the titanium alloy cubes on a clamp of an electric spark surfacing machine. Performing electric spark surface strengthening on the TC4 titanium alloy surface by using a tungsten electrode, wherein the main strengthening parameters are as follows: rotating speed: 350 r/min; the voltage is 20V; output power ratio: 10 percent; discharge frequency: 300Hz, strengthening time of 5min per square centimeter; and (3) moving the surface to be strengthened in a single direction, rotating the clamping table by 90 degrees after strengthening is finished, moving the surface to be strengthened in a single direction again for strengthening, and taking down the sample after the sample is cooled to room temperature to finish strengthening.
Comparative example
And (3) removing surface oxide layers on the side surfaces of the titanium alloy cubic blocks with the size of 10 multiplied by 20mm by using 2000-mesh water-grinding abrasive paper until no obvious scratches are formed on the surfaces, ultrasonically cleaning the titanium alloy cubic blocks by using 95% ethanol for 15min after polishing, taking out the titanium alloy cubic blocks, and wiping the cleaned titanium alloy cubic blocks by using dust-free paper.
Hardness test
The microhardness test of the example 1 and the comparative example is carried out by adopting a nano-indenter, and the test conditions are as follows: the indentation load is 10g, the indentation time is 10 seconds, 3 points of each sample are respectively taken for averaging, and the test result is shown in figure 2.
Frictional wear performance test
The titanium alloy samples in the example 1 and the comparative example were subjected to a frictional wear test using a CSM-ball disc frictional wear tester. The titanium alloy sample size is 10 multiplied by 20mm, and the test conditions are as follows: load 5N, frequency 1Hz, grinding crack length 2mm, total stroke 4.8m, mating part: bearing steel ball with diameter of 6mmGCr 15; and (3) testing environment: dry rubbing in the atmospheric environment. The friction coefficient was averaged 3-5 times and the results are shown in Table 1. Table 1 and fig. 1 show that the friction coefficient of example 1 is much smaller than that of the comparative example and the friction coefficient is stabilized at about 0.1 during the test, fig. 2 is an optical microscopic image of the wear scar after the friction test, the comparative example has significant wear scar, and the change of the surface morphology of example 1 before and after the friction test is very small, which proves that the wear resistance of the reinforced layer provided by the invention is greatly improved compared with that of the unreinforced surface.
Corrosion resistance test
Example 1 was subjected to a neutral salt spray test using a JHY-60B salt water spray tester with a 5% salt solution in NaCl for a total of 96 hours (2 spray wetting stages and 2 drying stages) using a 24 hour spray salt spray and 24 hour dry state test procedure. The test temperature in the spraying stage was 35 ℃ and the settling rate of the salt spray was 1mL per hour. The surface appearance of the strengthening layer after the test is shown in figure 3, and the figure shows that no rust is generated on the strengthening layer, which proves that the strengthening layer has better corrosion resistance.
TABLE 1 results of tribology experiments
| Coefficient of friction | |
| Example 1 | 0.112 |
| Comparative example | 0.421 |
Claims (1)
1. A titanium alloy surface antifriction and wear-resistant modification process is characterized in that: the electrode is a tungsten electrode, and the mass fraction ratio of elements is as follows: 13-18% of C, 6-10% of O, 3-4% of Ce and the balance of W; the grain sizes of the electrode and the substrate are respectively 30-25nm and 5-10 nm; the titanium alloy matrix is commercial grade TC4 titanium alloy;
the process comprises the following steps:
step 1: removing an oxide layer on the surface of the TC4 titanium alloy test sample by using 2000-mesh water-milled sand paper until no obvious scratch is formed on the surface, and ultrasonically cleaning in 95% ethanol for 15 min;
step 2: wiping the cleaned titanium alloy sample by using dust-free paper, and clamping on a clamp of an electric spark surfacing machine;
and step 3: the tungsten electrode is used for carrying out electric spark surface strengthening modification on the surface of TC4 titanium alloy, and the main parameter ranges are as follows: rotating speed: 350-500 r/min; the voltage is 20-60V; output power ratio: 10 to 50 percent; discharge frequency: 100-300 Hz; reinforcement time per square centimeter: 2-5 min; the tungsten electrode moves unidirectionally on the surface of the TC4 titanium alloy, and the clamping table rotates 90 degrees after strengthening and moves unidirectionally again for strengthening;
and 4, step 4: and after the sample is cooled to room temperature, taking down the sample to finish surface strengthening modification.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115125476A (en) * | 2022-08-29 | 2022-09-30 | 山东理工大学 | Preparation method for in-situ generation of titanium nitride wear-resistant resist layer on titanium alloy surface |
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| CN104278229A (en) * | 2013-07-12 | 2015-01-14 | 无锡成博科技发展有限公司 | Method for preparing chrome-containing steel TiC-TiB2 electric spark composite strengthened layer |
| CN110592579A (en) * | 2019-09-24 | 2019-12-20 | 天津职业技术师范大学(中国职业培训指导教师进修中心) | TC4 titanium alloy surface electric spark composite strengthening process |
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| CN1851058A (en) * | 2006-05-29 | 2006-10-25 | 西北工业大学 | Method for reinforcing-depositing composite modified titanium alloy surface using electric spark with ion beam |
| CN102703845A (en) * | 2012-05-17 | 2012-10-03 | 天津职业技术师范大学 | Technology for strengthening high surface hardness of TC4 titanium alloy by electrical spark |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115125476A (en) * | 2022-08-29 | 2022-09-30 | 山东理工大学 | Preparation method for in-situ generation of titanium nitride wear-resistant resist layer on titanium alloy surface |
| CN115125476B (en) * | 2022-08-29 | 2023-05-26 | 山东理工大学 | Preparation method for in-situ generation of titanium nitride wear-resistant corrosion-resistant layer on surface of titanium alloy |
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Application publication date: 20211022 |