CN113528839A - Method for recycling valuable metals from waste circuit board copper powder step by step - Google Patents

Method for recycling valuable metals from waste circuit board copper powder step by step Download PDF

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CN113528839A
CN113528839A CN202110842197.3A CN202110842197A CN113528839A CN 113528839 A CN113528839 A CN 113528839A CN 202110842197 A CN202110842197 A CN 202110842197A CN 113528839 A CN113528839 A CN 113528839A
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leaching
circuit board
solution
hydrochloric acid
copper powder
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CN113528839B (en
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刘伟锋
张杜超
陈霖
杨天足
胡晓丽
焦奥博
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Central South University
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Central South University
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B7/00Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
    • C22B7/006Wet processes
    • C22B7/007Wet processes by acid leaching
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B13/00Obtaining lead
    • C22B13/04Obtaining lead by wet processes
    • C22B13/045Recovery from waste materials
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B15/00Obtaining copper
    • C22B15/0063Hydrometallurgy
    • C22B15/0065Leaching or slurrying
    • C22B15/0067Leaching or slurrying with acids or salts thereof
    • C22B15/0069Leaching or slurrying with acids or salts thereof containing halogen
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B21/00Obtaining aluminium
    • C22B21/0015Obtaining aluminium by wet processes
    • C22B21/0023Obtaining aluminium by wet processes from waste materials
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B25/00Obtaining tin
    • C22B25/04Obtaining tin by wet processes
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B25/00Obtaining tin
    • C22B25/06Obtaining tin from scrap, especially tin scrap
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25CPROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C1/00Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of solutions
    • C25C1/14Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of solutions of tin
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20Recycling

Abstract

A method for recovering valuable metals from waste circuit board copper powder step by step comprises leaching the waste circuit board copper powder in hydrochloric acid solution to dissolve aluminum in the form of aluminum chloride into the leaching solution, and simultaneously primarily enriching copper; and oxidizing and leaching the obtained dealuminized slag by hydrochloric acid, controlling the potential to convert tin into tin chloride to enter a leaching solution, converting lead into lead chloride to enter leaching slag, washing the leaching slag by hot water to dissolve the lead chloride, and recovering the tin in the leaching solution by an electrodeposition mode. The essence of the invention is that the method of controlling the electric potential is adopted to remove the impurity metals in the waste circuit board copper powder step by step, thereby realizing the separation and recovery of the impurity metals, and the two-step hydrochloric acid leaching mode is adopted to pretreat the waste circuit board copper powder, thereby solving the problem that the impurity metals in the waste circuit board copper powder harm the pyrometallurgical copper smelting and realizing the recycling of metal resources.

Description

Method for recycling valuable metals from waste circuit board copper powder step by step
Technical Field
The invention relates to a hydrometallurgy process in the field of nonferrous metallurgy, in particular to a hydrometallurgy method for removing impurity metals in waste circuit board copper powder step by adopting a potential-controlled hydrochloric acid leaching mode.
Background
In recent years, people have been unable to keep their production and life away from electronic and electric appliances. With the development of the Electronic industry, the progress of the technology and the expansion of the market, the upgrading speed of the Electronic and Electric Equipment is accelerated, so that the service life of the Electronic and Electric Equipment is far shorter than the actual service life of the product, and the Waste Electronic and Electric Equipment (WEEE) is rapidly increased. WEEE poses a great environmental problem and has become one of the major sources of municipal solid waste. China enters the peak period of electronic product scrapping, the theoretical scrapping amount per year exceeds 5000 thousands of electronic products, and the electronic products are increased by 20% every year. WEEE has complex components, and on one hand, the WEEE contains various valuable metal components and is an important urban mineral resource; on the other hand, it contains many toxic and harmful substances, which may cause harm to the environment and human health if not handled properly. Therefore, the development of an environment-friendly WEEE recycling technology is urgent.
The circuit board is the foundation of the electronic industry and is an important component of all electronic and electrical equipment. In recent years, the annual growth rate of the worldwide circuit board industry is 8.7%, and the growth rate of the circuit board manufacturing industry in China is as high as 14.4%. The circuit Boards produced in China each year reach 15 ten thousand tons, and the Waste Printed Circuit Boards (WPCBs) needing to be processed each year reach more than 50 ten thousand tons. WPCBs have the characteristics of high growth speed, high utilization value and great environmental hazard. The WPCBs mainly comprise resin and glass fiber and contain a large amount of metals such as copper, iron, tin, gold, palladium, silver and the like, the grade of the metals in the WPCBs is tens of times of that of common ores, and the WPCBs has extremely high resource utilization value; meanwhile, the paint contains various heavy metals and toxic and harmful substances, such as lead, cadmium, mercury, hexavalent chromium, polyvinyl chloride, halide flame retardant and the like, and the improper treatment can cause great influence on the environment and human health. Therefore, research on the aspect of WPCBs recycling is carried out, so that the WPCBs are subjected to resource and harmless treatment, and the method has important significance for promoting human sustainable development.
The WPCBs resource utilization technology mainly comprises mechanical treatment, pyrogenic treatment and wet treatment. The mechanical treatment technology is the most extensive method for recycling WPCBs, and mainly comprises the processes of disassembling, crushing, sorting and the like. Because the circuit board contains multiple electronic components, they have very big difference with the base plate in composition and structure, consequently often with electronic component disassemble back independent processing, at present, disassemble mainly by the manual work and accomplish, but along with WPCBs's increase in quantity, automatic disassembling technique is more and more paid attention to, and it is the key that realizes automatic disassembling to utilize heating device to melt the solder and make electronic component break away from. The crushing degree of circuit board is directly influencing the separation effect of metal and nonmetal, and this makes the breakage become the key link of whole mechanical treatment flow, because WPCBs comprises multilayer glass fiber cloth, reinforced resin and copper foil, has very high hardness and toughness, and traditional breaker can't obtain good effect, adopts the crushing equipment that has shearing, cutting effect can reach better effect. The sorting method mainly utilizes the difference of physical properties of materials in the WPCBs, such as magnetism, electric property, density, shape and the like, and separates metal and nonmetal in the WPCBs by means of gravity sorting, magnetoelectric sorting and the like. Mechanical treatment is often used as a pretreatment for other treatment processes because separation of the metal components cannot be achieved.
The WPCBs are subjected to mechanical treatment to obtain metal-rich multi-metal powder and non-metal powder, wherein the recovery value of the multi-metal powder is higher, and the multi-metal powder is also called waste circuit board copper powder because the copper content is highest. The method for recovering the copper powder of the waste circuit board comprises a wet method treatment process and a fire method treatment process, wherein the wet method treatment process mainly aims at recovering copper and precious metals in the copper powder of the waste circuit board, leaching is the most critical step, and wet method treatment is divided into an acid leaching method, a cyaniding method and a non-cyaniding method due to different leaching agents. The acid leaching method is that waste circuit board copper powder is treated by strong acid and strong oxidizer to strip noble metal in the waste circuit board copper powder for precipitation, other valuable metals such as copper are dissolved in acid, the precipitate is treated by nitric acid, aqua regia and the like to recover the noble metal in the waste circuit board copper powder, and the copper-containing acid solution is purified, electrolyzed and the like to obtain electrolytic copper. The cyanidation method is mainly used for recovering gold and silver in the waste circuit board copper powder, but because the copper content in the waste circuit board copper powder is very high, a large amount of copper is dissolved in the leaching process, and the leaching rate of noble metals is reduced. Since the effects of cyanide on the environment and humans are being of great public concern, research into selective leaching of waste circuit board copper powder using non-cyanide leaching agents has received considerable attention, and the thiourea and thiosulfate processes are considered to be the most promising alternatives to the cyanidation process.
Because the copper content in the waste circuit board copper powder is higher and can reach about 50 percent, the large-scale recovery of the waste circuit board copper powder in the world is usually carried out in a large-scale pyrometallurgical copper smelting plant at present. In the pyrometallurgical copper smelting process, metals such as tin, lead, zinc, aluminum and the like in the waste circuit board copper powder can be dispersed into slag, flue gas and copper matte, so that the recovery rate of copper is reduced, the quality of cathode copper is influenced, and the stability of a copper smelting system is influenced. At present, the research on the separation and recovery of these metals is relatively rare, and these valuable metal resources are wasted because the copper powder is often removed as impurity metal in the process of recovering the waste circuit board copper powder. In addition, the substrate of the waste circuit board contains a large amount of organic matters, partial metal is still wrapped by organic matters such as epoxy resin, flame retardant and the like due to insufficient dissociation in the mechanical pretreatment process, and toxic and harmful gases such as dibenzodioxin, dibenzofuran and the like can be generated in the smelting process, so that the environment is greatly polluted.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the harm of impurity metals in the pyrogenic process recovery process of waste circuit board copper powder, the invention provides a hydrometallurgical method which adopts a potential-controlled hydrochloric acid step-by-step leaching mode to treat the waste circuit board copper powder, and has high impurity metal recovery rate and complete process flow.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: leaching waste circuit board copper powder in a hydrochloric acid solution to dissolve aluminum in the form of aluminum chloride into a leaching solution, and simultaneously primarily enriching copper; and oxidizing and leaching the obtained dealuminized slag by hydrochloric acid, controlling the potential to convert tin into tin chloride to enter a leaching solution, converting lead into lead chloride to enter leaching slag, washing the leaching slag by hot water to dissolve the lead chloride, and recovering the tin in the leaching solution by an electrodeposition mode. The essence of the invention is that firstly hydrochloric acid is adopted to leach out aluminum, then a hydrochloric acid potential control selective oxidation leaching method is adopted to leach out lead and tin, hot water washing is adopted to recycle lead, and finally an electrodeposition means is utilized to treat leachate to recycle tin. These processes are closely related, and neither process alone can achieve the desired effect of wet pretreatment of waste circuit board copper powder.
The specific technological process and parameters are as follows:
1 hydrochloric acid leach
And leaching the waste circuit board copper powder in a hydrochloric acid solution. Preparing hydrochloric acid solution with the molar concentration of 0.5-2.0mol/L, adding waste circuit board copper powder according to the liquid-solid ratio (the ratio of the volume L of the solution to the weight Kg of solid) of 2-8: 1, controlling the reaction temperature to be 30-90 ℃, reacting for 1-4h, cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished, realizing solid-liquid separation by adopting a vacuum filtration mode, recovering aluminum from the leachate, and obtaining hydrochloric acid leaching slag as a raw material for subsequent potential-controlled oxidation leaching. The main chemical reactions taking place during the hydrochloric acid leaching are as follows:
2Al+6HCl=2AlCl3+3H2 (1)
2 controlled potential oxidation leaching
Adding hydrogen peroxide into hydrochloric acid to control potential for oxidizing leaching of hydrochloric acid leaching residue; preparing hydrochloric acid solution with the molar concentration of 1.0-4.0mol/L, adding hydrochloric acid leaching slag according to the liquid-solid ratio (the ratio of the volume L of the solution to the weight Kg of solid) of 2-8: 1, controlling the reaction temperature to be 30-80 ℃, adding hydrogen peroxide at the speed of 1.0-5.0mL/min, continuing to react for 1-3h when the potential value of the solution is maintained at-100 mV, cooling to 25 ℃ after the reaction is finished, realizing solid-liquid separation by adopting a vacuum filtration mode, recovering tin from the leaching solution, washing the leaching slag with subsequent hot water, and controlling the chemical reaction formula which mainly occurs in the potential oxidation leaching process:
Pb+2HCl+H2O2=PbCl2+2H2O (2)
Sn+2HCl+H2O2=SnCl2+2H2O (3)
3 washing with hot water
Washing the leached slag with hot water to remove lead chloride; washing the leached slag with hot water at 90-95 deg.c, cooling the washed water to 25 deg.c to separate out lead chloride crystal, vacuum filtering to separate out lead chloride, selling lead chloride, and heating the water solution for reuse.
Recovery of tin by electrodeposition
Recovering tin from the tin-containing leaching solution in an electrodeposition mode; controlling the potential of hydrochloric acid oxidation leaching solution at 30-50 deg.C, cell voltage of 2-3V, and current density of 50-150A/m2The time is 1-4h, the solution circulation flow rate is 3-6L/min, a stainless steel plate is used as an electrode plate for electrodeposition, and the cathode product is tin.
The invention is suitable for treating waste circuit board copper powder produced in the process of crushing and sorting waste circuit boards, and the ranges of the main components are (%): cu40.0-80.0%, Al1.0-10.0%, Sn4.0-18.0%, Pb4.0-18.0%, Au 10-200 g/t and Ag 500-2000 g/t.
Compared with the traditional pretreatment method of waste circuit board copper powder, the method has the following advantages: 1. the method adopts a potential-controlled hydrochloric acid step leaching mode to treat the waste circuit board copper powder, simultaneously realizes effective removal of aluminum, lead and tin in the waste circuit board copper powder, adopts cooling precipitation and hot water washing to realize separation and recovery of lead after reaction, and adopts an electrodeposition mode to realize recovery of tin in a leaching solution; 2. the method comprises the following steps of leaching in a hydrochloric acid solution to realize high-efficiency removal of aluminum in the copper powder of the waste circuit board, wherein the removal rate of the aluminum reaches more than 97.2%; 3. selectively leaching lead and tin in the dealuminized slag by controlling potential oxidation leaching, wherein the leaching rates respectively reach more than 91.1 percent and 94.7 percent, and recovering lead in the form of lead chloride after washing with hot water; 4. the leachate is treated by an electrodeposition mode, and the purity of cathode tin reaches more than 99.9 percent; 5. the invention has the advantages of stable technical indexes of the process, low labor intensity, low production cost and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1: the invention is a process flow diagram.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The waste circuit board copper powder produced in the process of crushing and sorting waste circuit boards of certain enterprises in China comprises the following main components in percentage by mass: cu44.6, Al2.5, Sn9.2, Pb5.1, Au20g/t and Ag700 g/t. The hydrochloric acid and the hydrogen peroxide are industrial grade reagents, wherein the mass percentage of the hydrochloric acid is not less than 36.0%, and the mass percentage of the hydrogen peroxide is not less than 30%.
Preparing a hydrochloric acid solution with the molar concentration of 1.5mol/L, adding waste circuit board copper powder according to the liquid-solid ratio (the ratio of the volume L of the solution to the weight Kg of the solid) of 5:1, heating and stirring the waste circuit board copper powder by using a constant-temperature magnetic stirring water bath, controlling the reaction temperature to be 80 ℃, reacting for 2 hours, cooling the mixture to room temperature after the reaction is finished, and filtering the mixture, wherein the leaching rate of aluminum is more than 97.2 percent, so as to obtain dealuminized slag; preparing a hydrochloric acid solution with a molar concentration of 3mol/L according to a liquid-solid ratio (the ratio of the volume L of the solution to the weight Kg of the solid) of 5:1, adding dealuminized slag, heating and stirring by using a constant-temperature magnetic stirring water bath kettle, controlling the reaction temperature to be 70 ℃, adding hydrogen peroxide at the speed of 1.0mL/min, controlling the potential value of the solution to be 48mV in the reaction process, reacting for 1h, cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished, standing for 1h, and washing the leached slag with hot water at the temperature of 92 ℃ to separate out lead chloride crystals when the washing water is cooled to 25 ℃; controlling the electrodeposition temperature to be 65 ℃, the cell voltage to be 2.5V and the current density to be 100A/m2The time is 4 hours, the solution circulation flow rate is 5L/min, and a stainless steel plate is used as a polar plate for electrodeposition, and the product is cathode tin with the tin content of 99.87 percent.

Claims (1)

1. A method for recycling valuable metals from waste circuit board copper powder step by step is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) hydrochloric acid leaching
Preparing a hydrochloric acid solution with the molar concentration of 0.5-2.0mol/L, adding waste circuit board copper powder according to the liquid-solid ratio, namely the ratio of the volume L of the solution to the weight Kg of solid, which is 2-8: 1, controlling the reaction temperature to be 30-90 ℃, reacting for 1-4 hours, cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished, realizing solid-liquid separation by adopting a vacuum filtration mode, recovering aluminum from the leachate, and obtaining hydrochloric acid leaching slag as a raw material for subsequent potential-controlled oxidation leaching;
(2) controlled potential oxidative leaching
Preparing hydrochloric acid solution with the molar concentration of 1.0-4.0mol/L, adding hydrochloric acid leaching slag according to the liquid-solid ratio, namely the ratio of the volume L of the solution to the weight Kg of solid, of 2-8: 1, controlling the reaction temperature to be 30-80 ℃, adding hydrogen peroxide at the speed of 1.0-5.0mL/min, continuing to react for 1-3 hours when the potential value of the solution is maintained at-100 and 100mV, cooling to 25 ℃ after the reaction is finished, realizing solid-liquid separation by adopting a vacuum filtration mode, recovering tin from the leaching solution, and sending the leaching slag to subsequent hot water washing;
(3) hot water washing
Washing the leached residue with hot water at 90-95 deg.C, cooling the washing water to 25 deg.C to separate out lead chloride crystal, performing vacuum filtration to separate solid from liquid, selling lead chloride, and heating the water solution for reuse;
(4) recovery of tin by electrodeposition
Controlling the potential of hydrochloric acid oxidation leaching solution at 30-50 deg.C, cell voltage of 2-3V, and current density of 50-150A/m2The time is 1-4h, the solution circulation flow rate is 3-6L/min, a stainless steel plate is used as an electrode plate for electrodeposition, and the cathode product is tin.
CN202110842197.3A 2021-07-26 2021-07-26 Method for recycling valuable metals from waste circuit board copper powder step by step Active CN113528839B (en)

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20050209496A1 (en) * 2004-03-16 2005-09-22 Forrester Keith E Method for microstabilization of heavy metal bearing materials and wastes
CN101768667A (en) * 2008-12-30 2010-07-07 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 Process for deleading from Pb-containing high-arsenic material
CN105779770A (en) * 2016-03-10 2016-07-20 中南大学 Method for recycling valuable metal in waste circuit board
CN106381391A (en) * 2016-09-30 2017-02-08 中南大学 Dressing-metallurgy combined treatment method for waste printed circuit board multi-metal powder
CN106381392A (en) * 2016-09-30 2017-02-08 中南大学 Chemical mineral dressing pretreatment method for waste printed circuit board multi-metal powder
CN108315565A (en) * 2016-12-21 2018-07-24 智矿控股有限公司 A method of the Selectively leaching vulcanized lead from sulfide containing lead material

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20050209496A1 (en) * 2004-03-16 2005-09-22 Forrester Keith E Method for microstabilization of heavy metal bearing materials and wastes
CN101768667A (en) * 2008-12-30 2010-07-07 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 Process for deleading from Pb-containing high-arsenic material
CN105779770A (en) * 2016-03-10 2016-07-20 中南大学 Method for recycling valuable metal in waste circuit board
CN106381391A (en) * 2016-09-30 2017-02-08 中南大学 Dressing-metallurgy combined treatment method for waste printed circuit board multi-metal powder
CN106381392A (en) * 2016-09-30 2017-02-08 中南大学 Chemical mineral dressing pretreatment method for waste printed circuit board multi-metal powder
CN108315565A (en) * 2016-12-21 2018-07-24 智矿控股有限公司 A method of the Selectively leaching vulcanized lead from sulfide containing lead material

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