CN113528715A - Method for treating food-grade chewed fur raw material - Google Patents
Method for treating food-grade chewed fur raw material Download PDFInfo
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- CN113528715A CN113528715A CN202110689362.6A CN202110689362A CN113528715A CN 113528715 A CN113528715 A CN 113528715A CN 202110689362 A CN202110689362 A CN 202110689362A CN 113528715 A CN113528715 A CN 113528715A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C14—SKINS; HIDES; PELTS; LEATHER
- C14C—CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF HIDES, SKINS OR LEATHER, e.g. TANNING, IMPREGNATING, FINISHING; APPARATUS THEREFOR; COMPOSITIONS FOR TANNING
- C14C1/00—Chemical treatment prior to tanning
- C14C1/04—Soaking
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/14—Pretreatment of feeding-stuffs with enzymes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/26—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C14—SKINS; HIDES; PELTS; LEATHER
- C14C—CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF HIDES, SKINS OR LEATHER, e.g. TANNING, IMPREGNATING, FINISHING; APPARATUS THEREFOR; COMPOSITIONS FOR TANNING
- C14C1/00—Chemical treatment prior to tanning
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C14—SKINS; HIDES; PELTS; LEATHER
- C14C—CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF HIDES, SKINS OR LEATHER, e.g. TANNING, IMPREGNATING, FINISHING; APPARATUS THEREFOR; COMPOSITIONS FOR TANNING
- C14C1/00—Chemical treatment prior to tanning
- C14C1/06—Facilitating unhairing, e.g. by painting, by liming
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C14—SKINS; HIDES; PELTS; LEATHER
- C14C—CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF HIDES, SKINS OR LEATHER, e.g. TANNING, IMPREGNATING, FINISHING; APPARATUS THEREFOR; COMPOSITIONS FOR TANNING
- C14C1/00—Chemical treatment prior to tanning
- C14C1/08—Deliming; Bating; Pickling; Degreasing
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Treatment And Processing Of Natural Fur Or Leather (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for treating food-grade chewed fur raw materials, which mainly comprises the steps of soaking, expanding, unhairing, softening, bleaching and the like. The method adopts food-grade materials such as lipase, dehairing enzyme, protease, etc. to dehair, and eliminates the use of toxic substances such as sulfide and heavy metal. The method is suitable for pigskin or cowhide, and can be used for preparing primary color skin or bleached skin. The food-grade chew product can be prepared by adopting the scheme, so that sulfides and heavy metals are prevented from being left, the international food-grade requirement is met, and the pet can eat the chew product at ease.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to a treatment method of food-grade pet food, and particularly relates to a treatment method of food-grade chewed fur raw materials.
Background
The main raw material of the food-grade pet food chews is cow leather or pigskin. The leather raw material is mainly two-layer grey leather produced by leather factories. Dehairing is a necessary process for the leather making process. The traditional hair destroying and unhairing technology uses sulfide and lime in a large amount. The pollution amount of the hair destroying and unhairing process accounts for 50-60% of the total pollution amount of the tanning, the pollution indexes comprise sulfide, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD 5), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Suspended Solids (TSS) and the like, and the prepared chew product contains sulfide metal residues. The enzyme depilation technology is applied to the tanning technology, for example, as described in CN107099622B, CN101235422B, CN102134618A and the like. However, the unhairing technology can not meet the requirement of food-grade pollution-free.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for treating food-grade chewed fur raw materials, which adopts a pollution-free enzyme unhairing technology to avoid sulfide and heavy metal residues, and the prepared chewed fur can meet the food-grade requirement.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
a method for processing food-grade chewed fur raw materials is characterized in that,
soaking, preparing 400-500 parts of raw fur by weight, adding 800-1000 parts of water, 0.4-0.6 part of degreasing agent, 0.4-0.6 part of lipase, 0.4-0.5 part of soaking enzyme and 8-10 parts of sodium carbonate, adjusting the pH to 9-11, and discharging water after stirring;
swelling, supplementing water 400-500 parts and sodium hydroxide 4-6 parts, stirring and standing, and beating the buttocks to form a drum sheet skin;
unhairing, supplementing water to 500 parts and citric acid to 1.5-2.5 parts, adjusting the pH to 10-11 after closing, draining the water, then adding unhairing enzyme to 1.5 parts and degreasing to 0.2-0.4 part, stirring and draining the water;
softening, namely 2 to 3 parts of citric acid, rotating for about 30 minutes to adjust the pH to be below 10, adding 0.5 to 1 part of protease to soften, washing with water, and drying the water.
In this treatment method of the present invention, the hide is an animal hide. Wherein, when the fur raw material is pigskin, a degreasing step is added. After the depilation is finished, 0.5 to 1 part of degreasing agent and 0.3 to 0.5 part of lipase are added, and then the mixture is stirred for degreasing.
In this treatment method of the present invention, the fur raw material is cowhide.
In the treatment method, after softening, an acid adding step is carried out, 40 to 50 parts of diluted food-grade sulfuric acid solution is added, and then stirring and cleaning are carried out to prepare the raw skin raw material.
In the treatment method, after softening, a bleaching step is carried out, 10 to 20 parts by weight of hydrogen peroxide with the mass fraction of 5% are added, water is drained after stirring, 40 to 50 parts by weight of hydrogen peroxide with the mass fraction of 5% are added, and the mixture is stirred until the skin is bluish white and opaque and then is taken out of a drum to prepare a bleached skin raw material.
In the treatment method of the present invention, 1 to 3 parts by weight of 5% common salt is added before the washing in the depilation step, and the water is left to dry after the washing.
In this treatment method of the present invention, the lipase is an alkaline lipase belonging to the group of carboxyl ester hydrolases.
In this treatment process of the invention, the dehairing enzyme is an amino acid type endoprotease, which is extracted by fermentation of Bacillus licheniformis.
According to the method for treating the food-grade chewed fur raw material, the non-food-grade sulfide is not added, the product does not contain heavy metal and other pollutants, the heavy metal residue of the sulfide is avoided, the international food-grade requirement is met, and the pet can eat the product at ease.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the basic process of the method for treating food-grade chewed fur raw material according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the present invention applied to the primary-color pigskin treatment process;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the treatment method applied to bleaching cowhide according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.
The old process pet chew raw material is two-layer gray leather produced by leather factories and made of a large amount of sulfides, industrial chemicals and the like, and has great chemical hazard. The treatment method of the invention mainly comprises soaking, swelling, unhairing and softening. The method can also comprise the steps of bleaching, adding acid, degreasing and the like according to the actual process requirement. The treatment method adopts food-grade unhairing technology, and can completely eliminate hazardous substances such as heavy metals. The following two examples show the treatment of pigskin and cow hide, respectively.
The first embodiment is as follows: food-grade natural color treatment method for pig fur
Firstly, main soaking: 200% of water, 23-25 ℃ of water temperature, 5000kg of raw fur, 6kg (0.14%) of degreasing agent (in mass ratio to the raw fur, the same below), 6kg (0.14%) of lipase, 4.5kg (0.1%) of soaking enzyme and 100kg (2%) of sodium carbonate 2 bag are adjusted to PH10 and rotated for 3 hours, then rotated for 15 minutes per hour and parked for 45 minutes, and finally parked for about 8 hours to soak overnight.
Secondly, expansion: supplementing water, heating to 23-25 deg.C with 100% water, adding 75kg (1.5%) sodium hydroxide in 3 bags, running for 8 hr, standing for 2 days, and making the buttocks transparent to give drum skin.
Thirdly, unhairing: supplementing 100% of water, keeping the water temperature at 25-28 ℃, adding 5000Kg of scalp, adding about 25Kg (0.5%) of citric acid 1 bag, washing for about 30 minutes, adjusting the pH to 10-11, draining the dirty water, adding 12.5Kg (0.3%) of depilatory enzyme 0.5 bag, draining the dirty water after rotating for about 5 hours, adding 150Kg (3%) of salt 3 bag, rotating for 1 hour, washing for about 1 hour, draining the dirty water after cleaning
Fourthly, degreasing: 8kg (0.15%) of degreasing agent 4, 4kg (0.08%) of lipase 1, and degreasing rotation for 3 hours.
Fifthly, softening: adding 50Kg (1%) of citric acid 2 bag, rotating for about 30 minutes, adjusting pH to below 9, adding 4Kg (0.08%) of protease 1 bag, softening for about 3 hours, draining, washing for about 1 hour, and drying.
Sixthly, adding acid: firstly adding water to cover the leather surface, adding 1.5 barrels of 45kg (0.9%) of diluted food-grade sulfuric acid, washing the leather surface for 30 minutes according to the permeation degree of the leather thickness (the pH value is used for testing the water-acid permeation degree to adjust the acid amount), washing the leather surface for 30 minutes by using closed water, washing the leather surface for 20 minutes by using running water, and then drying the leather surface out of a drum and airing the leather surface.
Example two: food-grade cow fur bleaching treatment method
Firstly, main soaking: 200% of water, 23-25 ℃ of water temperature, 4500kg of raw fur, 4kg (0.1%) of degreasing agent, 4kg (0.1%) of lipase, 4kg (0.1%) of soaking enzyme and 2 kg (2%) of sodium carbonate are added, the pH value is adjusted to be at least above 9.5, after the rotation is carried out for 3 hours, the mixture rotates for 15 minutes every hour and then rotates at intervals, the mixture is parked overnight for soaking in water for about 7 hours in total time, and the mixture is discharged and fleshed on day 2.
Secondly, expansion: adding 100% water, heating to 23-25 deg.C, adding 50kg (1.10%) sodium hydroxide 2 bag, adjusting pH to above 10, and running for 6 hr to penetrate buttocks.
Thirdly, unhairing: supplementing 100% of water, adding 25Kg (0.5%) of citric acid 1 bag at 25-28 ℃ of water, closing for washing for 30 minutes, adjusting the pH to 10-11, draining the dirty water, adding 13Kg (0.3%) of depilatory enzyme 0.5 bag and 3Kg (0.06%) of degreasing agent, rotating for 6 hours, draining the hair completely, washing for 1 hour, and draining after washing.
Fourthly, softening: adding 50Kg (1%) citric acid 2 bag, rotating for 30 min to adjust pH below 9, adding 4Kg (0.08%) protease 1 bag, softening for 5 hr, pouring, washing with water for 1 hr, and drying.
Fifthly, bleaching: firstly adding hydrogen peroxide (hydrogen peroxide) into 6 barrels of 150kg (0.3 percent) for 1 hour, then draining the water, then adding 18 barrels of 450kg (10 percent), and running for 3 to 4 hours to ensure that the skin is bluish white and opaque, and then taking out the drum seam and drying.
The parameters of the depilatory enzymes of the invention are as follows:
the parameters of the lipase of the invention are as follows:
the above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for processing food-grade chewed fur raw materials is characterized in that,
soaking, preparing 400-500 parts of raw fur by weight, adding 800-1000 parts of water, 0.4-0.6 part of degreasing agent, 0.4-0.6 part of lipase, 0.4-0.5 part of soaking enzyme and 8-10 parts of sodium carbonate, adjusting the pH to 9-12, and discharging water after stirring;
swelling, supplementing water 400-500 parts and sodium hydroxide 4-6 parts, stirring and standing, and beating the buttocks to form a drum sheet skin;
unhairing, supplementing water to 500 parts and citric acid to 1.5-2.5 parts, adjusting the pH to 10-11 after closing, draining the water, then adding unhairing enzyme to 1.5 parts and degreasing to 0.2-0.4 part, stirring and draining the water;
softening, namely 2 to 3 parts of citric acid, rotating for about 30 minutes to adjust the pH to be below 10, adding 0.5 to 1 part of protease to soften, washing with water, and drying the water.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the raw skin is pigskin, and after the depilation is completed, the degreasing agent is added in an amount of 0.5 to 1 part and the lipase is added in an amount of 0.3 to 0.5 part, followed by stirring for degreasing.
3. A process according to claim 1, characterized in that the fur raw material is cowhide.
4. The process of claim 1, wherein after softening, an acid addition step is performed, and 40 to 50 parts of diluted food-grade sulfuric acid solution is added and then stirred and washed to prepare raw skin material.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the softening is followed by a bleaching step comprising adding 10 to 20 parts by weight of 5% hydrogen peroxide, stirring and drying the mixture, adding 40 to 50 parts by weight of 5% hydrogen peroxide, stirring until the skin is bluish white and opaque, and removing the mixture from the drum to obtain a bleached skin material.
6. The treatment method according to claim 1, wherein 1 to 3 parts by weight of 5% common salt is added before the washing in the depilation step, and the water is left to dry after the washing.
7. The treatment process according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the lipase is an alkaline lipase belonging to the group of carboxy ester hydrolases.
8. The treatment process according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the depilatory enzyme is an amino acid-type endoprotease, and is extracted by fermentation from Bacillus licheniformis.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2020112287934 | 2020-11-06 | ||
| CN202011228793 | 2020-11-06 |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN113528715A true CN113528715A (en) | 2021-10-22 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN202110689362.6A Pending CN113528715A (en) | 2020-11-06 | 2021-06-22 | Method for treating food-grade chewed fur raw material |
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101235421A (en) * | 2008-02-02 | 2008-08-06 | 四川大学 | Animal fur clean depilation and fur fiber loosing method for preparing leather and application thereof |
| CN102344975A (en) * | 2010-07-30 | 2012-02-08 | 隆昌县阳州制革有限公司 | Clean tanning hair removal expansion method |
| CN111826480A (en) * | 2020-07-21 | 2020-10-27 | 徐州鸿丰高分子材料有限公司 | Cleaning cow leather unhairing process |
-
2021
- 2021-06-22 CN CN202110689362.6A patent/CN113528715A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101235421A (en) * | 2008-02-02 | 2008-08-06 | 四川大学 | Animal fur clean depilation and fur fiber loosing method for preparing leather and application thereof |
| CN102344975A (en) * | 2010-07-30 | 2012-02-08 | 隆昌县阳州制革有限公司 | Clean tanning hair removal expansion method |
| CN111826480A (en) * | 2020-07-21 | 2020-10-27 | 徐州鸿丰高分子材料有限公司 | Cleaning cow leather unhairing process |
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Application publication date: 20211022 |