CN113528218A - Lubricant composition and friction coefficient control method - Google Patents
Lubricant composition and friction coefficient control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113528218A CN113528218A CN202110863067.8A CN202110863067A CN113528218A CN 113528218 A CN113528218 A CN 113528218A CN 202110863067 A CN202110863067 A CN 202110863067A CN 113528218 A CN113528218 A CN 113528218A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
- C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
- C10M133/38—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
- C10M133/44—Five-membered ring containing nitrogen and carbon only
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/02—Well-defined aliphatic compounds
- C10M2203/0206—Well-defined aliphatic compounds used as base material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
- C10M2205/0206—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers used as base material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2207/121—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms
- C10M2207/124—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Ethers thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/22—Acids obtained from polymerised unsaturated acids
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
- C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
- C10M2215/223—Five-membered rings containing nitrogen and carbon only
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
- C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
- C10N2050/01—Emulsions, colloids, or micelles
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of friction lubrication, in particular to a lubricant composition and a friction coefficient regulating method. The lubricant composition comprises lubricating oil base oil, a spiropyran compound dissolved in the lubricating oil base oil and a gemini surfactant containing a polar group; the gemini surfactant containing polar groups forms a spatial network structure through self-assembly. The lubricant composition can effectively regulate and control the friction coefficient between ceramic friction pairs, and can obviously reduce the friction coefficient of the friction pairs under the low-speed operation of the friction pairs. The invention also provides a method for regulating and controlling the friction coefficient by using the lubricant composition.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of friction lubrication, in particular to a lubricant composition and a friction coefficient regulating method.
Background
The system of two bodies which are in direct contact and produce relative frictional movement is called a friction pair. The friction lubrication state between the friction pairs can be divided into: dry friction, i.e. friction without any lubricating medium present between the two contacting surfaces; fluid friction, friction when two contacting surfaces are completely separated by a layer of continuous fluid lubricating film; boundary friction, friction in the presence of a very thin boundary film (adsorption film or reaction film) between two contacting surfaces; half-dry friction, wherein mixed friction of dry friction and boundary friction exists on two contact surfaces; semi-fluid friction, wherein boundary friction, film lubrication and fluid lubrication mixed friction exist on two contact surfaces at the same time; mixed friction, friction in which two contact surfaces exist simultaneously in a mixed state of fluid friction, ordered molecular films, boundary friction and dry friction, generally occurs in the form of semi-dry friction and semi-fluid friction.
Lubrication is an effective way to solve the frictional wear of the friction pair and prolong the service life thereof, and the lubrication method is generally to use a lubricant composition for lubrication. The lubricant compositions currently used in the field of ceramic friction pairs remain basic lubricating oils. However, when the conventional basic lubricating oil runs at a low speed in the ceramic friction pair, the lubricating effect is poor and the friction coefficient is large because the conventional basic lubricating oil cannot enter a flowing area of the ceramic friction pair. Therefore, the lubricant composition for actively regulating and controlling friction and lubrication has important significance for reducing wear and reducing consumption, lubricating design, safe service and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the above, the invention provides a lubricant composition capable of effectively regulating and controlling the friction coefficient between friction pairs and a friction coefficient regulating and controlling method.
In one aspect of the invention, a lubricant composition is provided, which comprises lubricant base oil, a spiropyran compound dissolved in the lubricant base oil and a gemini surfactant containing a polar group;
the gemini surfactant containing polar groups forms a spatial network structure through self-assembly.
Optionally, as in the lubricant composition described above, the polar group-containing gemini surfactant is at least one of hydrogenated lecithin, a bis-quaternary ammonium salt type gemini surfactant, a dimer carboxylate gemini surfactant, and a bis-alkoxy bisphosphate gemini surfactant.
Optionally, in the lubricant composition described above, the concentration of the spiropyran compound is 5 mmol/L-15 mmol/L, and the concentration of the gemini surfactant containing a polar group is 25 mmol/L-100 mmol/L.
Optionally, the lubricant base oil is a polyalphaolefin and/or a linear alkane mineral oil having 12 to 16C atoms, as described above.
Optionally, a lubricant composition as described above, further comprising an organic salt.
Optionally, in the lubricant composition described above, the organic salt is at least one of sodium deoxycholate, tributylamine nitrate, triethylammonium chloride, and ammonium citrate.
Alternatively, the lubricant composition as described above, wherein the concentration of the organic salt is from 10mmol/L to 50 mmol/L.
In one aspect of the present invention, a method for regulating and controlling a friction coefficient is also provided, which comprises the following steps:
providing the lubricant composition described above;
placing the lubricant composition on a contact surface of a friction pair; and
the friction coefficient is varied by varying the wavelength band of the light wave irradiating the lubricant composition, including the ultraviolet and/or visible light bands.
Optionally, in the friction coefficient control method as described above, the duration of the ultraviolet light radiation at each switching is at least 2 min;
the duration of the visible light radiation is at least 2 min.
Optionally, in the method for regulating and controlling a friction coefficient, a wavelength band of the ultraviolet light is 240nm to 365 nm;
the wave band of the visible light is 400 nm-800 nm.
Optionally, according to the method for regulating and controlling a friction coefficient, the friction pair is a ceramic friction pair, and the ceramic friction pair includes a ceramic-ceramic friction pair, a ceramic-metal friction pair or a ceramic-plastic friction pair.
The lubricant composition provided by the invention is in a fluid state under ultraviolet illumination, and is in a gel state under visible light, the lubricant composition in the gel state is beneficial to reducing the friction coefficient of a product, the lubricant composition in the fluid state has obvious fluid lubrication and a larger friction coefficient, and the transition between the fluid and the gel state of the lubricant composition can effectively regulate and control the friction coefficient of the product.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a graph of UV-VIS absorption spectrum test results for a lubricant composition made in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of the results of a viscosity test of a lubricant composition made in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of test results for modulating coefficient of friction for lubricant compositions made in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the results of a test for controlling the coefficient of friction of a lubricant composition prepared in a comparative example of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the invention, one or more examples of which are described below. Each example is provided by way of explanation, not limitation, of the invention. In fact, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the present invention without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention. For instance, features illustrated or described as part of one embodiment, can be used on another embodiment to yield a still further embodiment.
It is therefore intended that the present invention cover the modifications and variations of this invention provided they come within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents. Other objects, features and aspects of the present invention are disclosed in or are apparent from the following detailed description. It is to be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art that the present discussion is a description of exemplary embodiments only, and is not intended as limiting the broader aspects of the present invention.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
The terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless explicitly specified otherwise. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least one, e.g., one, two, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.
Other than as shown in the operating examples, or where otherwise indicated, all numbers expressing quantities of ingredients, physical and chemical properties, and so forth used in the specification and claims are to be understood as being modified in all instances by the term "about". For example, unless indicated to the contrary, the numerical parameters set forth in the foregoing specification and attached claims are approximations that can be suitably varied by those skilled in the art in seeking to obtain the desired properties utilizing the teachings disclosed herein. The use of numerical ranges by endpoints includes all numbers within that range and any range within that range, for example, 1 to 5 includes 1, 1.1, 1.3, 1.5, 2, 2.75, 3, 3.80, 4, and 5, and the like.
In one aspect of the invention, a lubricant composition is provided, which comprises lubricant base oil, a spiropyran compound dissolved in the lubricant base oil and a gemini surfactant containing a polar group;
wherein the gemini surfactant containing polar groups forms a spatial network structure through self-assembly.
The structure of the spiropyran compound can be changed along with the change of the illumination type, and the structure influences the formation and the destruction of a space network structure formed by the surfactant, so that the state of the lubricant composition is determined to be a gel state or a fluid state, and the lubricant composition can provide different friction coefficients in the same friction pair.
In some embodiments, the gemini surfactant containing a polar group may be hydrogenated lecithin, a bis-quaternary ammonium salt type gemini surfactant, a dimer carboxylate gemini surfactant, a bis-alkoxy bisphosphate gemini surfactant, and the like.
In some embodiments, the spiropyran-based compound comprises at least one of the following compounds:
the structural change of the compound under the illumination condition is as follows:
in some embodiments, the concentration of the spiropyran-based compound is from 5mmol/L to 15 mmol/L. Within the concentration range, the spiropyran compound can be well dissolved in the lubricating oil base oil and has better light responsiveness, so that the state transition of the lubricating oil composition is more sensitive, and the capability of the lubricating oil composition for regulating and controlling the friction coefficient is stronger.
In some embodiments, the concentration of the gemini surfactant containing a polar group is 25mmol/L to 100mmol/L, and may be 30mmol/L, 40mmol/L, 50mmol/L, 60mmol/L, 70mmol/L, 80mmol/L, or 90 mmol/L. The surfactant can ensure that the surfactant can be successfully self-assembled to form a space network structure within the concentration range, and the space network structure is not too firm to be damaged, so that the capability of the lubricant composition for regulating and controlling the friction coefficient is more excellent.
In some embodiments, the lubricant base oil can effectively dissolve the surfactant, the spiropyran compound and the like on the basis of having a lubricating effect, the lubricant base oil can use mineral oil or synthetic oil as base oil, and the synthetic oil can be poly alpha-olefin, ethylene-propylene copolymer, polybutene, 1-octene oligomer, 1-decene oligomer, hydride of the polybutene and the like. The mineral oil can be straight-chain alkane mineral oil with 12-16C atoms. The straight-chain alkane mineral oil with 12-16C atoms can be straight-chain saturated alkane mineral oil or unsaturated alkane mineral oil. It is to be noted that any one of the above-mentioned mineral base oils or synthetic base oils, or any mixture of two or more selected from these base oils may be used in the present invention. For example, the base oil used in the present invention may be one or more mineral base oils or synthetic base oils, or a mixed oil of one or more mineral base oils and one or more synthetic base oils.
In some embodiments, an organic salt is also included in the lubricant composition. The concentration of the required surfactant can be reduced by adding an organic salt, thereby reducing the cost.
In some embodiments, the organic salt may be any one of those commonly used in the art, and may be, for example, at least one of sodium deoxycholate, tributylamine nitrate, triethylammonium chloride, and ammonium citrate.
In some embodiments, the concentration of the organic salt is 10mmol/L to 50mmol/L, and may be 20mmol/L, 30mmol/L, or 40 mmol/L.
In one aspect of the present invention, a method for regulating and controlling a friction coefficient is also provided, which comprises the following steps:
providing the lubricant composition described above;
placing the lubricant composition on the contact surface of the friction pair; and
the coefficient of friction is varied by varying the wavelength band of the light wave that irradiates the lubricant composition, including the ultraviolet and/or visible light bands.
Under the condition of ultraviolet irradiation, the spiropyran compound is subjected to ring opening to form a polar structure, so that the space network structure of the surfactant is destroyed, the lubricant composition is in a fluid state, and further has a larger friction coefficient; under the condition of visible light irradiation, the spiropyran compound is in a closed-loop structure and is nonpolar, and the space network structure of the surfactant is not damaged, so that the lubricant composition is in a gel state, and the lubricant composition has a low friction coefficient. According to the invention, different interaction relations exist between the structural change of the optically regulated spiropyran compound and the self-assembled space network structure of the surfactant under the irradiation of visible light and ultraviolet light, so that the friction coefficient between friction pairs is changed along with the irradiation of the visible light or the ultraviolet light, namely, the adjustability of the friction coefficient of the lubricant composition is realized, and the adjustability can be realized according to actual requirements. Compared with the traditional hydrogel regulation and control and electric control friction, the whole regulation and control process is simpler and more convenient.
In some embodiments, the duration of the irradiation of the ultraviolet light at each switching is at least 2 min; the duration of the visible light radiation is at least 2 min.
In some embodiments, the wavelength band of the ultraviolet light is 240nm to 365 nm; the wave band of visible light is 400 nm-800 nm.
In some embodiments, the ultraviolet and visible light powers are independently selected from 0.2W to 1W. Within the range, the weak responsiveness of the spiropyran compound to light caused by too low power of the visible light and the ultraviolet light can be avoided, and the change of the lubricating property of the lubricant composition caused by too high power of the visible light and the ultraviolet light can be avoided.
In some embodiments, the friction pair is a ceramic-based friction pair comprising a ceramic-ceramic friction pair, a ceramic-metal friction pair, or a ceramic-plastic friction pair.
In some embodiments, the ceramic in the ceramic-based friction pair may be a silica ceramic, a silicon nitride ceramic, an alumina ceramic, a silicon carbide ceramic, a zirconia ceramic, or the like; the metal may be steel, such as 45 steel, GCr15, babbitt, bronze, etc.; the plastic can be epoxy resin, phenolic resin, polytetrafluoroethylene, furan resin, etc.
It has been found that the above lubricant composition can significantly reduce the coefficient of friction under visible light irradiation when the ceramic friction pair is operated at low speeds, for example, speeds below 100 mm/s.
The lubricant composition of the present invention, its preparation method and use are described in further detail below with reference to specific examples.
EXAMPLE 1 preparation of Lubricant compositions
The structural formula of the spiropyran compound used in the present example is as follows:
uniformly mixing n-hexadecane, hydrogenated lecithin and sodium deoxycholate, stirring and heating at 60 ℃ for 5min, then adding spiropyran molecules, stirring and dissolving, and cooling to room temperature to prepare the lubricant composition, wherein the concentration of the hydrogenated lecithin in the lubricant composition is 50mmol/L, the concentration of the sodium deoxycholate is 20mmol/L, and the concentration of the spiropyran molecules is 15 mmol/L. The test result of the relevant performance test is as follows:
1) lubricant composition photoresponsive testing
As shown in fig. 1, the light absorption curves of the lubricant compositions before and after exposure to uv and visible light were measured in a uv-vis absorption spectrometer. As can be seen from the absorption curve of FIG. 1, the lubricant composition has no absorption peak in the wavelength range of 500nm to 700nm before light irradiation; after being irradiated by ultraviolet light with the wavelength of 365nm, a stronger absorption peak appears in a wave band of 500 nm-700 nm, which indicates that the spiropyran molecules in the lubricant composition are in an open-loop state; and after the irradiation of visible light with the wavelength of 600nm, the intensity of an absorption peak in the wave band of 500 nm-700 nm is reduced, and absorption peaks with different intensities appear, which indicates that the spiropyran molecules in the lubricant composition are in a closed ring state. The open-loop structure of the spiropyran molecules can destroy a space network structure formed by the surfactant, the closed-loop structure cannot be destroyed, and the conversion between the open-loop structure and the closed-loop structure can adjust the space network structure of the surfactant, so that the state of the lubricant composition is adjusted to be a fluid state or a gel state, and the function of adjusting the friction coefficient is further achieved.
2) Lubricant composition viscosity measurement
The viscosity of the lubricant composition was measured on an M302 rheometer and was found to have a thixotropic behavior, with the viscosity exhibiting strong shear thinning behavior from low to high shear rates and weaker shear thinning behavior from high to low shear rates. As shown in FIG. 2, under the irradiation of ultraviolet light, the lubricant composition is a shear thinning fluid with a shear rate of 1-1000 s-1When the viscosity is shear-thinned from 280.1 mPas to 5.2 mPas; under the irradiation of visible light, the viscosity of the lubricant composition is far higher than that under the irradiation of ultraviolet light, and can even exceed 10000mPa & s, which indicates that the lubricant composition is in a gel state. It can be seen that the lubricant compositions provided by the present invention are indeed capable of switching between fluid and gel states, thereby enabling the coefficient of friction to be adjusted.
3) Lubricant composition modulation coefficient of friction results
The lubricant composition is placed in a ceramic friction pair composed of silicon dioxide and silicon nitride, and the friction coefficient in a lubricating state is measured on a friction tester under the irradiation condition of visible light or ultraviolet light. As shown in FIG. 3, under the irradiation of visible light, when the friction pair operates at a speed of 0-350 mm/s, the friction coefficient is always kept stably at about 0.057; under the irradiation of ultraviolet light, when the friction pair operates at a speed of 0-350 mm/s, the friction coefficient is relatively large, even can reach 0.102, and is finally stabilized at about 0.063. Therefore, the lubricant composition can regulate the friction coefficient of the ceramic friction pair, and can obviously reduce the friction coefficient under the visible light condition when the operation speed is lower than 100 mm/s.
EXAMPLE 2 preparation of Lubricant compositions
The preparation method of this example is substantially the same as that of example 1 except that: spiropyrans differ in their molecular structure. The structural formula of the spiropyran compound used in the present example is as follows:
the method comprises the following specific steps:
uniformly mixing n-hexadecane, hydrogenated lecithin and sodium deoxycholate, stirring and heating at 60 ℃ for 5min, then adding spiropyran molecules, stirring and dissolving, and cooling to room temperature to prepare the lubricant composition, wherein the concentration of the hydrogenated lecithin in the lubricant composition is 50mmol/L, the concentration of the sodium deoxycholate is 20mmol/L, and the concentration of the spiropyran molecules is 15 mmol/L.
EXAMPLE 3 preparation of Lubricant compositions
The preparation method of this example is substantially the same as that of example 1 except that: lubricant base oils vary. The method comprises the following specific steps:
uniformly mixing poly alpha-olefin (PAO2), hydrogenated lecithin and sodium deoxycholate, stirring and heating at 60 ℃ for 5min, then adding spiropyran molecules, stirring and dissolving, and cooling to room temperature to prepare the lubricant composition, wherein the concentration of the hydrogenated lecithin in the lubricant composition is 50mmol/L, the concentration of the sodium deoxycholate is 20mmol/L, and the concentration of the spiropyran molecules is 15 mmol/L.
EXAMPLE 4 preparation of Lubricant compositions
The preparation method of this example is substantially the same as that of example 1 except that: the organic salt is different from ammonium citrate. The method comprises the following specific steps:
uniformly mixing n-hexadecane, hydrogenated lecithin and ammonium citrate, stirring and heating at 60 ℃ for 5min, then adding spiropyran molecules, stirring and dissolving, and cooling to room temperature to prepare the lubricant composition, wherein the concentration of the hydrogenated lecithin in the lubricant composition is 50mmol/L, the concentration of the ammonium citrate is 20mmol/L, and the concentration of the spiropyran molecules is 15 mmol/L.
EXAMPLE 4 preparation of Lubricant compositions
This example is prepared substantially identically to example 1, except that: the addition amount of each substance is different. The method comprises the following specific steps:
uniformly mixing n-hexadecane, hydrogenated lecithin and sodium deoxycholate, stirring and heating at 60 ℃ for 5min, then adding spiropyran molecules, stirring and dissolving, and cooling to room temperature to prepare the lubricant composition, wherein the concentration of the hydrogenated lecithin in the lubricant composition is 25mmol/L, the concentration of the sodium deoxycholate is 10mmol/L, and the concentration of the spiropyran molecules is 5 mmol/L.
EXAMPLE 5 preparation of Lubricant compositions
This example is prepared substantially identically to example 1, except that: the addition amount of each substance is different. The method comprises the following specific steps:
uniformly mixing n-hexadecane, hydrogenated lecithin and sodium deoxycholate, stirring and heating at 60 ℃ for 5min, then adding spiropyran molecules, stirring and dissolving, and cooling to room temperature to prepare the lubricant composition, wherein the concentration of the hydrogenated lecithin in the lubricant composition is 70mmol/L, the concentration of the sodium deoxycholate is 30mmol/L, and the concentration of the spiropyran molecules is 15 mmol/L.
EXAMPLE 6 preparation of Lubricant compositions
This example is prepared substantially identically to example 1, except that: the addition amount of each substance is different. The method comprises the following specific steps:
uniformly mixing n-hexadecane, hydrogenated lecithin and sodium deoxycholate, stirring and heating at 60 ℃ for 5min, then adding spiropyran molecules, stirring and dissolving, and cooling to room temperature to prepare the lubricant composition, wherein the concentration of the hydrogenated lecithin in the lubricant composition is 100mmol/L, the concentration of the sodium deoxycholate is 50mmol/L, and the concentration of the spiropyran molecules is 15 mmol/L.
Comparative example 1
The lubricant composition used in this comparative example was n-hexadecane. It was tested in a ceramic friction pair of silicon dioxide and silicon nitride to have a coefficient of friction of 0.12 below 100mm/s operating speed.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example was prepared substantially the same as example 1, except that: the light induced structural change molecule used was azobenzene. The method comprises the following specific steps:
uniformly mixing n-hexadecane, hydrogenated lecithin and sodium deoxycholate, stirring and heating at 60 ℃ for 5min, then adding azobenzene, stirring and dissolving, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the lubricant composition, wherein the concentration of the hydrogenated lecithin in the lubricant composition is 50mmol/L, the concentration of the sodium deoxycholate is 20mmol/L, and the concentration of the azobenzene is 15 mmol/L.
1) Lubricant composition viscosity measurement
The viscosity of the lubricant composition was measured on an M302 rheometer and found to be nearly unchanged before and after light exposure, ranging from 7350mPa · s to 5.54mPa · s, both shear thinning.
2) Lubricant composition modulation coefficient of friction results
The lubricant composition is placed in a ceramic friction pair composed of silicon dioxide and silicon nitride, and the friction coefficient in a lubricating state is measured on a friction tester under the irradiation condition of visible light or ultraviolet light. As shown in FIG. 4, when the friction pair operates at a speed of 0-350 mm/s, the friction coefficient measured before and after the light irradiation is reduced from 0.14 to 0.06, which indicates that the lubricant composition cannot regulate the friction coefficient of the friction pair and the friction coefficient is higher.
Comparative example 3
This comparative example was prepared substantially the same as example 1, except that: the surfactant used was cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. The method comprises the following specific steps:
uniformly mixing n-hexadecane, hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide and sodium deoxycholate, stirring and heating at 60 ℃ for 5min, then adding spiropyran molecules, stirring and dissolving, and cooling to room temperature to prepare the lubricant composition, wherein the concentration of hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, the concentration of sodium deoxycholate and the concentration of spiropyran molecules in the lubricant composition are respectively 50mmol/L, 20mmol/L and 15 mmol/L.
The lubricant composition is in a fluid state, cannot form a gel state, and cannot realize the regulation and control of the friction coefficient in a ceramic friction pair composed of silicon dioxide and silicon nitride.
The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (11)
1. A lubricant composition is characterized by comprising a lubricant base oil, a spiropyran compound and a gemini surfactant containing a polar group, wherein the spiropyran compound and the gemini surfactant are dissolved in the lubricant base oil;
the gemini surfactant containing polar groups forms a spatial network structure through self-assembly.
2. The lubricant composition of claim 1, wherein the gemini surfactant comprising a polar group is at least one of hydrogenated lecithin, a bis-quaternary ammonium salt type gemini surfactant, a dimer carboxylate gemini surfactant, and a bis-alkoxy bisphosphate gemini surfactant.
3. The lubricant composition of claim 1, wherein the concentration of the spiropyran-based compound is 5mmol/L to 15mmol/L, and the concentration of the polar group-containing gemini surfactant is 25mmol/L to 100 mmol/L.
4. The lubricant composition of claim 1, wherein the lubricant base oil is a polyalphaolefin and/or a linear alkane mineral oil having 12 to 16C atoms.
5. The lubricant composition of any of claims 1-4, further comprising an organic salt.
6. The lubricant composition of claim 5, wherein the organic salt is at least one of sodium deoxycholate, tributylamine nitrate, triethylammonium chloride, and ammonium citrate.
7. The lubricant composition of claim 5, wherein the organic salt is present at a concentration of 10mmol/L to 50 mmol/L.
8. A friction coefficient regulating method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
providing a lubricant composition according to any one of claims 1 to 7;
placing the lubricant composition on a contact surface of a friction pair; and
the friction coefficient is varied by varying the wavelength band of the light wave irradiating the lubricant composition, including the ultraviolet and/or visible light bands.
9. The method for regulating and controlling friction coefficient according to claim 8, wherein the irradiation duration of the ultraviolet light at each switching is at least 2 min;
the duration of the visible light radiation is at least 2 min.
10. The method for regulating and controlling friction coefficient according to claim 8, wherein the wavelength band of the ultraviolet light is 240nm to 365 nm;
the wave band of the visible light is 400 nm-800 nm.
11. The method for regulating and controlling the friction coefficient according to any one of claims 8 to 10, wherein the friction pair is a ceramic friction pair, and the ceramic friction pair comprises a ceramic-ceramic friction pair, a ceramic-metal friction pair or a ceramic-plastic friction pair.
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