CN113528107A - Coal-based carbon quantum dot oil displacement agent and application thereof in oil and gas exploitation - Google Patents
Coal-based carbon quantum dot oil displacement agent and application thereof in oil and gas exploitation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a coal-based carbon quantum dot oil displacement agent and application thereof in oil and gas exploitation, belonging to the technical field of nano oil displacement. The oil displacement agent provided by the invention is a coal-based carbon quantum dot or a mixed solution consisting of the coal-based carbon quantum dot and a base solution; the particle size of the coal-based carbon quantum dots is 1.0-10.0 nm. The oil displacement agent provided by the invention is beneficial to realizing cost reduction, efficiency improvement and green sustainable development in oil and gas exploitation; the coal-based carbon quantum dots easily enter the nano pore throats and effectively migrate in the nano pore throats, and are suitable for exploiting the compact nano oil and gas resources of reservoirs; the coal-based carbon quantum dots have large specific surface area and also contain rich functional groups such as carboxyl, hydroxyl, epoxy and the like on the surface, so that the oil displacement effect of the oil displacement agent is improved; the mixed liquid formed by the coal-based carbon quantum dots and the base liquid is used as the oil displacement agent, has stable fluorescence, can adjust the light-emitting wavelength, and is beneficial to tracking the migration rule of fluid in a pore medium, so that the oil displacement mechanism of the oil displacement agent is researched.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of nano oil displacement, in particular to a coal-based carbon quantum dot oil displacement agent and application thereof in oil and gas exploitation.
Background
The nano oil gas refers to oil gas resources stored in a nano pore throat structure, mainly comprises shale oil, shale gas, coal bed gas, dense oil, dense gas and the like, and is a key development direction in the future of the petroleum industry in China. Due to poor physical properties of a nano oil and gas reservoir, low stratum energy and difficult energy supplement, the yield increase and the stable yield of the nano oil and gas reservoir are difficult, and the final recovery ratio is usually lower than 10%. In order to economically, efficiently and sustainably exploit nano oil and gas, a nano oil displacement technology needs to be overcome to improve the recovery ratio of nano oil and gas.
At present, a nano liquid flooding technology is a new oil extraction technology, generally, an aqueous solution is used as a carrier, nano particles of several to tens of nanometers are uniformly and stably dispersed in the aqueous solution, and the nano particles usually have large specific surface area and surface energy, so that the oil-water interfacial tension can be reduced, the wettability of a solid surface can be changed, and crude oil on the surface of a rock is peeled into small oil drops and is displaced in the process of flushing pores by an injection fluid. The nano liquid flooding has very high interfacial activity, and plays an important role in improving the recovery ratio of crude oil. Although the technology has great potential, the preparation method has the defects of high preparation cost of the nano oil displacement agent, complex preparation method and pending improvement of the oil displacement effect. For example, chinese patent N201710566647.4 discloses a magnetic nano oil displacement agent and a preparation method thereof, the method requires modifying the surface of magnetic nano particles with a surfactant, the modification process is complicated, the use of the surfactant increases the preparation cost, and the oil displacement effect of the prepared nano oil displacement agent needs to be further improved.
In recent years, a novel carbon nano material called carbon quantum dots is discovered in the field of material science and engineering, and the novel carbon nano material not only has the characteristics of small size (less than 10nm), large specific surface area, easiness in chemical modification and photoluminescence of the nano material, but also has the advantages of no toxicity and good biocompatibility of a carbon material, and has rich raw material sources and simple preparation process, so that the novel carbon nano material has wide application prospects in the fields of biomedicine, photoelectric materials, environmental monitoring and the like, but the application of the carbon quantum dots in the petroleum industry is not paid attention at home and abroad. Therefore, there is a need to develop a carbon quantum dot with low price and good oil displacement effect, and research the application of the carbon quantum dot in oil and gas exploitation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a coal-based carbon quantum dot oil displacement agent and application thereof in oil and gas exploitation.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a coal-based carbon quantum dot oil displacement agent, which is a mixed solution consisting of coal-based carbon quantum dots or coal-based carbon quantum dots and a base solution; the particle size of the coal-based carbon quantum dots is 1.0-10.0 nm.
Preferably, the carbon source of the coal-based carbon quantum dots comprises coal and/or coal-based derivatives.
Preferably, the Zeta potential of the mixed solution is-30.2 to-90.8 mV when the concentration of the coal-based carbon quantum dots is 0.1 to 5.0 wt%.
Preferably, the base fluid comprises one or more of clear water, saline, an ionic liquid, a polymer solution, a surfactant solution and an organic solvent.
Preferably, the mixed solution has fluorescence and the emission wavelength is adjustable.
The invention also provides application of the coal-based carbon quantum dot oil displacement agent in oil gas exploitation, wherein the oil gas exploitation comprises exploitation of conventional oil gas and nano oil gas.
Preferably, the coal-based carbon quantum dot oil displacement agent is suitable for secondary oil recovery or tertiary oil recovery.
Preferably, the method for application is to use a coal-based carbon quantum dot oil displacement agent to displace oil and gas.
Preferably, the injection process of the coal-based carbon quantum dot oil displacement agent in oil gas displacement comprises continuous injection, huff and puff injection, and alternate or mixed injection with other oil displacement agents.
Preferably, the injection concentration of the coal-based carbon quantum dot oil displacement agent is 0.1-5.0 wt%.
Preferably, the total injection amount of the coal-based carbon quantum dot oil displacement agent is 0.01-1.5 times of the pore volume of the porous medium.
The invention provides a coal-based carbon quantum dot oil displacement agent, which is a mixed solution consisting of coal-based carbon quantum dots or coal-based carbon quantum dots and a base solution; the particle size of the coal-based carbon quantum dots is 1.0-10.0 nm. The method takes the low-price coal and/or coal-based derivatives which are poor in utilization as the carbon source to prepare the coal-based carbon quantum dot oil displacement agent, is beneficial to realizing cost reduction and efficiency improvement in oil and gas exploitation, and is expected to synchronously realize clean and efficient utilization of coal resources; the particle size of the coal-based carbon quantum dots is 1.0-10.0 nm, the coal-based carbon quantum dots can easily enter a nano pore throat and can effectively migrate in the nano pore throat, and the coal-based carbon quantum dots have good injectability and fluidity and are particularly suitable for developing nano oil gas with compact reservoirs; the coal-based carbon quantum dots provided by the invention can be directly used as an oil displacement agent, which is beneficial to realizing oil gas in-situ exploitation, or can be mixed with a base fluid to prepare the oil displacement agent, so that the oil displacement effect is beneficial to being improved; the coal-based carbon quantum dots have large specific surface area and also contain rich functional groups such as carboxyl, hydroxyl, epoxy and the like on the surface, so that the oil displacement effect of the oil displacement agent is improved; the coal-based carbon quantum dots have stable fluorescence, the light-emitting wavelength can be adjusted, and the method is favorable for tracking the migration rule of fluid in a pore medium, so that the oil displacement mechanism of the oil displacement agent is researched; the coal-based carbon quantum dots have good mechanical, chemical and thermal stability, are not easy to aggregate and damage in a reservoir, and can adapt to severe reservoir environments such as high temperature, high salt and the like, so that the oil displacement effect is improved; the coal-based carbon quantum dots have extremely low toxicity and good biocompatibility, and are beneficial to realizing the green sustainable development of oil and gas resources. The results of the embodiment show that the oil displacement efficiency of the oil displacement agent provided by the invention can reach 81.9%.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a displacement device for displacing oil with the oil displacement agent of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a Zeta potential result graph of a coal-based carbon quantum dot distilled water solution prepared in example 1 of the present invention at a concentration of 0.5 wt%;
FIG. 3 is a photograph of a 365nm wavelength UV analyzer irradiating a coal-based carbon quantum dot ethanol solution prepared in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a high resolution transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM) image of a coal-based carbon quantum dot prepared according to example 1 of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a picture of an artificial core used in examples 2 and 3 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a coal-based carbon quantum dot oil displacement agent, which is a mixed solution consisting of coal-based carbon quantum dots or coal-based carbon quantum dots and a base solution; the particle size of the coal-based carbon quantum dots is 1.0-10.0 nm.
In one technical scheme of the invention, the oil displacement agent is a mixed solution composed of a coal-based carbon quantum dot and a base solution. In the invention, the particle size of the coal-based carbon quantum dot is 1.0-10.0 nm, preferably 1.0-5.0 nm, and more preferably 2.0-3.0 nm. In the invention, when the particle size of the coal-based carbon quantum dot is within the range, the coal-based carbon quantum dot has a smaller size, is easy to enter a nano pore throat and effectively migrate in the nano pore throat, has good injectability and fluidity, is particularly suitable for exploiting a compact nano oil and gas resource of a reservoir, and has a good oil displacement effect.
In the invention, the morphology of the coal-based carbon quantum dots is preferably spherical or flaky. In the invention, when the morphology of the coal-based carbon quantum dots is the type, the oil displacement effect is further improved.
In the present invention, the Zeta potential at a concentration of 0.1 to 5.0 wt% of the coal-based carbon quantum dots in the mixed solution is preferably-30.2 to-90.8 mV, and more preferably-60 to-90 mV. In the invention, when the coal-based carbon quantum dots are negatively charged and the Zeta potential of the coal-based carbon quantum dots is in the range, the electrostatic attraction between solid-liquid interfaces is smaller, and the oil displacement effect can be further improved.
In the invention, the oil displacement agent has fluorescence and the light-emitting wavelength can be adjusted. In the invention, the mixed liquid formed by the coal-based carbon quantum dot and the base liquid or the mixed liquid formed by the coal-based carbon quantum dot and the reservoir fluid (water and/or oil) has fluorescence, can be used as a tracer, and can be used for tracking the migration rule of the fluid in a pore medium, thereby researching the oil displacement mechanism of the coal-based carbon quantum dot.
In the invention, the preparation method of the coal-based carbon quantum dots is preferably a top-down method. In the present invention, the "top-down" method preferably includes an arc discharge method, a laser ablation method, a chemical oxidation method, an electrochemical oxidation method, or an ultrasonic synthesis method. The preparation method of the top-down method is not particularly limited, and the coal-based carbon quantum dots can meet the requirements of the particle size range, the morphology and the Zeta potential by adopting the preparation method well known by the technical personnel in the field.
In the present invention, the chemical oxidation method preferably includes:
(1) mixing a carbon source and an oxidant, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment to obtain a mixed solution containing coal-based carbon quantum dots; the carbon source comprises coal and/or coal-based derivatives;
(2) carrying out solid-liquid separation on the mixed liquid containing the coal-based carbon quantum dots obtained in the step (1) to obtain a solution containing the coal-based carbon quantum dots;
(3) carrying out heat treatment on the solution containing the coal-based carbon quantum dots obtained in the step (2) to obtain the coal-based carbon quantum dots;
(4) and (4) drying the coal-based carbon quantum dots obtained in the step (3) to obtain dried coal-based carbon quantum dots.
According to the invention, a carbon source and an oxidant are preferably mixed, and ultrasonic treatment is carried out for 10-30 min to obtain a mixed solution containing coal-based carbon quantum dots.
In the present invention, the carbon source preferably includes coal and/or coal-based derivatives. In the present invention, the coal preferably comprises one or more of anthracite, bituminous coal and lignite; the coal-based derivative preferably includes one or more of coke, coal tar, coal pitch, and carbon black. The source of the coal and/or coal-based derivative is not particularly limited in the present invention, and the coal and/or coal-based derivative available to those skilled in the art may be used. In the invention, the microstructure of the coal and/or the coal-based derivative contains abundant crystalline carbon regions, and the crystalline carbon is easily oxidized into amorphous carbon, thereby being more beneficial to preparing carbon quantum dots; moreover, the coal resources in China are rich, the annual coal yield and coal consumption are large, and the coal chemical industry generates a large amount of coal-based derivatives every year, so that the carbon quantum dots prepared by using the coal and/or the coal-based derivatives as carbon sources have the advantages of rich raw materials and low price.
In the present invention, the oxidizing agent is preferably a mixed solution obtained by mixing hydrogen peroxide and an organic acid. In the invention, the hydrogen peroxide and the organic acid are jointly used as oxidants for oxidizing a carbon source to form the coal-based carbon quantum dots. In the invention, the mass concentration of the hydrogen peroxide is preferably 27-35%, and more preferably 30%; the organic acid is preferably glacial acetic acid, and the concentration of the glacial acetic acid is preferably more than or equal to 99.5%. In the invention, when the mass concentration of the hydrogen peroxide is 30%, the volume ratio of the hydrogen peroxide to the glacial acetic acid is preferably 1: 5-1: 10, and more preferably 1: 6-1: 8. In the present invention, when the volume ratio of hydrogen peroxide to glacial acetic acid is in the above range, the oxidation property is excellent, and it is more advantageous to sufficiently oxidize the carbon source.
In the present invention, the ratio of the mass of the carbon source to the volume of the oxidizing agent is preferably (0.1 to 1.0) g (100 to 5000) mL, and more preferably (0.5 to 1.0) g (500 to 1000) mL. In the present invention, when the ratio of the mass of the carbon source to the volume of the oxidant is in the above range, it is more advantageous to increase the yield of the coal-based carbon quantum dots.
In the invention, the time of the ultrasonic treatment is preferably 15-30 min, and more preferably 20-30 min. In the present invention, the ultrasonic treatment is advantageous to oxidize the carbon source by the oxidizing agent to form the coal-based carbon quantum dots. In the present invention, the power of the ultrasonic treatment is preferably 1000 to 2000W, and more preferably 1000 to 1500W. In the present invention, when the power of the ultrasonic treatment is in the above range, it is more advantageous for the oxidizing agent to sufficiently peel off the coal-based carbon quantum dots from the carbon source structure.
In the present invention, the carbon source is preferably ball milled before being mixed with the oxidant. In the invention, the ball milling can reduce the particle size of the carbon source, which is beneficial to the full oxidation of the carbon source by the oxidant. The particle size of the carbon source is not particularly limited, and the blocky carbon source is crushed into powder by adjusting the particle size according to an adopted ball milling device. In the present invention, the apparatus for ball milling is preferably a ball mill and/or a mortar.
After the mixed liquid containing the coal-based carbon quantum dots is obtained, the mixed liquid containing the coal-based carbon quantum dots is preferably subjected to solid-liquid separation to obtain a solution containing the coal-based carbon quantum dots.
In the present invention, the operation mode of the solid-liquid separation is not particularly limited, and the solid-liquid separation may be performed in the mixed liquid containing the coal-based carbon quantum dots. In the present invention, the solid-liquid separation is preferably centrifugation. In the invention, the rotating speed of the centrifugation is preferably 6000 to 8000r/min, and more preferably 7000 to 8000 r/min; the time for centrifugation is preferably 30-60 min, and more preferably 40-50 min. In the present invention, when the rotation speed and the time of the centrifugation are within the above ranges, the solid-liquid separation can be sufficiently performed to remove unreacted carbon source solids, and the obtained supernatant is a solution containing coal-based carbon quantum dots.
After the solution containing the coal-based carbon quantum dots is obtained, the solution containing the coal-based carbon quantum dots is preferably subjected to heat treatment to obtain the coal-based carbon quantum dots.
In the present invention, the heat treatment is preferably rotary evaporation. In the invention, the evaporation temperature is preferably 60-80 ℃, and more preferably 70-80 ℃; the time of the heat treatment is preferably 6-12 hours, and more preferably 6-8 hours. In the present invention, when the temperature and time of the heat treatment are within the above ranges, the oxidizing agent in the solution containing the coal-based carbon quantum dots can be sufficiently removed, and the purity of the coal-based carbon quantum dots can be improved.
After the heat treatment is finished, the invention preferably dries the heat-treated product to obtain the coal-based carbon quantum dots. The temperature and time for drying are not particularly limited, and a small amount of oxidant in the coal-based carbon quantum dots obtained by the heat treatment can be completely removed.
In the present invention, the coal-based carbon quantum dots preferably include coal-based carbon quantum dots chemically doped or modified with simple substances, compounds and biomass. The preparation method of the coal-based carbon quantum dot chemically doped or modified by the simple substance, the compound and the biomass is not particularly limited, and the method for chemically doping or modifying the coal-based carbon quantum dot by the simple substance, the compound and the biomass, which is well known to those skilled in the art, can be adopted. In the invention, the elemental substance, the compound and the biomass are used for chemically doping or modifying the coal-based carbon quantum dots, so that the oil displacement effect can be further improved.
In the present invention, the base liquid preferably includes one or more of clear water, saline, an ionic liquid, a polymer solution, a surfactant solution, and an organic solvent, more preferably clear water, saline, or an organic solvent. In the invention, the base liquid is used as a solvent for dispersing the coal-based carbon quantum dots, and when the base liquid is of the type mentioned above, the base liquid is more favorable for fully dispersing the coal-based carbon quantum dots and improving the injection capability and the oil displacement effect of the coal-based carbon quantum dot oil displacement agent.
In the invention, when the mixed solution of the coal-based carbon quantum dot and the base solution is an oil displacement agent, the concentration of the oil displacement agent is preferably 0.1-5.0 wt%, more preferably 0.1-1.0 wt%, and most preferably 0.5 wt%. In the invention, when the concentration of the oil displacement agent is in the range, the oil displacement effect is more favorably improved. The preparation method of the oil displacement agent is not particularly limited, and the coal-based carbon quantum dots can be fully dispersed in the base liquid. In the invention, the preparation method of the oil displacement agent is preferably to uniformly mix the coal-based carbon quantum dots and the base liquid under ultrasonic waves. The power and time of the ultrasonic wave are not particularly limited, and the coal-based carbon quantum dots can be fully dispersed in the base liquid.
In one technical scheme of the invention, the oil displacement agent is a coal-based carbon quantum dot. In the invention, the coal-based carbon quantum dot powder is injected into the reservoir, the coal-based carbon quantum dot and reservoir fluid are mixed in situ in the reservoir, and the mixed solution can be directly used as an oil displacement agent.
In the present invention, the coal-based carbon quantum dots are preferably the same as the coal-based carbon quantum dots in the above technical solution, and are not described herein again.
The method takes the low-price but poor-utilization coal and/or coal-based derivatives as the carbon source to prepare the coal-based carbon quantum dots, can be used as the oil displacement agent with low price, safety and environmental protection, is beneficial to realizing cost reduction and efficiency improvement in oil and gas exploitation, and is expected to synchronously realize clean and efficient utilization of coal resources; the coal-based carbon quantum dots easily enter the nano pore throat and effectively migrate in the nano pore throat, namely, the coal-based carbon quantum dots have good injectability and fluidity and are particularly suitable for exploiting the compact nano oil and gas resources of the reservoir; the coal-based carbon quantum dots can be directly used as an oil displacement agent, so that in-situ exploitation of oil and gas is facilitated, or the coal-based carbon quantum dots are mixed with a base fluid to prepare the oil displacement agent, so that the oil displacement effect is facilitated to be improved; the coal-based carbon quantum dots have large specific surface area and also contain rich functional groups such as carboxyl, hydroxyl, epoxy and the like on the surface, so that the oil displacement effect of the oil displacement agent is improved; the coal-based carbon quantum dot oil displacement agent has stable fluorescence, the light-emitting wavelength can be adjusted, and the tracking of the migration rule of fluid in a pore medium is facilitated, so that the oil displacement mechanism of the oil displacement agent is researched; the coal-based carbon quantum dots have good mechanical, chemical and thermal stability, are not easy to aggregate and damage in a reservoir, and can adapt to severe reservoir environments such as high temperature, high salt and the like, so that the oil displacement effect is improved; the coal-based carbon quantum dots have extremely low toxicity and good biocompatibility, and are beneficial to realizing the green sustainable development of oil and gas resources.
The invention also provides application of the coal-based carbon quantum dot oil displacement agent in oil gas exploitation, wherein the oil gas exploitation comprises exploitation of conventional oil gas and nano oil gas. In the present invention, the conventional hydrocarbon recovery preferably includes the recovery of hydrocarbons in sandstone or carbonate rocks; preferably, the mining of nano oil gas comprises the mining of shale oil, shale gas, dense oil or dense gas.
In the invention, the coal-based carbon quantum dot oil displacement agent is preferably suitable for secondary oil recovery or tertiary oil recovery. The method of the coal-based carbon quantum dot oil displacement agent in secondary oil recovery or tertiary oil recovery is not particularly limited, and the application method known by the technical personnel in the field can be adopted.
In the invention, the method preferably uses a coal-based carbon quantum dot oil displacement agent to displace oil gas.
In the invention, the injection process of the coal-based carbon quantum dot oil displacement agent in oil gas displacement comprises continuous injection, huff and puff, and alternate or mixed injection with other oil displacement agents. The operation method of the continuous injection, the huff and puff, the alternate injection or the mixed injection with other oil displacement agents is not particularly limited, and the method of the continuous injection, the huff and puff, the alternate injection or the mixed injection with other oil displacement agents known by the technical personnel in the field can be adopted. The device for continuous injection, huff and puff, and alternate or mixed injection with other oil displacement agents is not particularly limited in the present invention, and an injection device well known to those skilled in the art can be used. The invention has no special limitation on the construction parameters of continuous injection, huff and puff, and alternate or mixed injection with other oil displacement agents, and the technical personnel in the field can optimize the construction parameters according to the actual requirements on the site.
In the invention, the injection concentration of the coal-based carbon quantum dot oil displacement agent is preferably 0.1-5.0 wt%, and more preferably 0.1-1.0 wt%. In the invention, when the injection concentration of the coal-based carbon quantum dot oil displacement agent is in the range, the oil displacement effect is more favorably improved.
In the invention, when the coal-based carbon quantum dots are used for oil displacement, the coal-based carbon quantum dot powder is injected into a reservoir, reservoir fluid (water and/or oil, water and/or gas) exists in the reservoir, the coal-based carbon quantum dots and the water and/or the oil are mixed in situ in the reservoir, and the mixed solution can be directly used as an oil displacement agent. In the invention, the total injection amount of the coal-based carbon quantum dot oil displacement agent is preferably 0.01-1.5 times of the pore volume of the porous medium, and more preferably 0.1-1.0 times. In the invention, when the total injection amount of the coal-based carbon quantum dot oil displacement agent is in the range, the oil displacement effect is more favorably improved.
In the invention, the displacement device for the displacement of the oil displacement agent is preferably as shown in fig. 1. In fig. 1, 1 high-pressure constant-speed constant-pressure pump, 2 hand pump, 3 pressure monitoring and recording system, 4 and 5 piston middle container, 6 six-way valve, 7 core holder, 8 thermostat and 9 graduated cylinder. In the invention, crude oil is put in a 5-piston middle container, and a rock core is saturated in a 7-piston rock core holder under the action of a 1-high-pressure constant-speed constant-pressure pump; when the mixed liquid formed by the coal-based carbon quantum dots and the base liquid is used as the oil displacement agent, the oil displacement agent is placed in a 4-piston middle container, oil displacement is carried out on a rock core in a 7-piston rock core holder under the action of a 1-high-pressure constant-pressure pump, pressure change in the oil displacement process is automatically collected by a 3-pressure monitoring and recording system, the oil displacement agent enters a 9-cylinder after oil displacement is finished, and the crude oil and the oil displacement agent after oil displacement are collected, and the temperature during oil displacement is controlled under the oil reservoir temperature condition by an 8-thermostat.
The coal-based carbon quantum dot oil displacement agent is applied to oil and gas resource exploitation, so that the problems of cost reduction and efficiency improvement of oil and gas resource exploitation are solved, the problem of clean and efficient utilization of coal resources is solved, and the green sustainable development of fossil resources is realized.
The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Experimental materials:
coal tar pitch (from Shanxi Taiyuan), hydrogen peroxide (H)2O230% by mass), glacial acetic acid (CH)3COOH > 99.5%), and ethanol (CH)3CH2OH，>96％)。
Instruments and materials:
planetary ball mill, ultrasonic wave dispersion instrument, high speed centrifuge, rotary evaporator, electrothermal blowing drying box, ultraviolet analyzer, high resolution transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM), Malvern Zeta potential measuring instrument.
The preparation method of the coal-based carbon quantum dots comprises the following steps:
(1) grinding the coal tar pitch solid in a ball mill for 2-4 h, grinding the coal tar pitch solid into ultrafine powder by using a mortar, mixing the coal tar pitch powder, hydrogen peroxide and glacial acetic acid, and performing ultrasonic treatment to obtain a mixed solution containing coal-based carbon quantum dots; wherein the power of the ultrasonic wave is 1500W, and the time of ultrasonic treatment is 30 min.
Wherein the volume ratio of the hydrogen peroxide to the glacial acetic acid is 1:10, and the volume ratio of the mass of the coal tar pitch powder to the volume of the oxidant is 0.2g:200 mL.
(2) Carrying out solid-liquid separation on the mixed liquid containing the coal-based carbon quantum dots obtained in the step (1) to obtain a solution containing the coal-based carbon quantum dots; wherein the rotating speed of the centrifugation is 8000r/min, and the time of the centrifugation is 30 min.
(3) Performing rotary evaporation on the solution containing the coal-based carbon quantum dots obtained in the step (2) to obtain coal-based carbon quantum dots; wherein the evaporation temperature is 80 ℃, and the evaporation time is 6 h.
(4) Drying the coal-based carbon quantum dots obtained in the step (3) to obtain coal-based carbon quantum dot powder; wherein the drying temperature is 120 ℃, and the drying time is 2 h.
The Zeta potential of the coal-based carbon quantum dot prepared in the embodiment is measured by a Malvern Zeta potentiometer, and the measuring method is to dissolve 0.2-10.0 g of coal-based carbon quantum dot powder in 200mL of distilled water to obtain 0.1-5.0 wt% of coal-based carbon quantum dot solution, and 2mL of the coal-based carbon quantum dot solution is taken for Zeta potential test. Tests show that the Zeta potential result of the coal-based carbon quantum dot solution with the surface negatively charged and the concentration of 0.5 wt% is shown in figure 2, and the average Zeta value of 5 measurement results is-62.2 mV.
The fluorescence of the coal-based carbon quantum dots prepared in this example was measured with an ultraviolet analyzer by dissolving 0.2mg of coal-based carbon quantum dot powder in 20mL of ethanol solution to obtain a coal-based carbon quantum dot ethanol solution. The coal-based carbon quantum dot ethanol solution is irradiated by an ultraviolet analyzer, and a picture of the coal-based carbon quantum dot ethanol solution under the irradiation of 365nm ultraviolet wavelength is shown in fig. 3. As can be seen from fig. 3, the coal-based carbon quantum dot ethanol solution emits bright blue fluorescence. This property confirms that coal-based carbon quantum dots are indeed produced in this example. The property can be used for tracking the track of the oil displacement agent during oil displacement, and is beneficial to tracking the migration rule of fluid in a pore medium, so that the oil displacement mechanism of the oil displacement agent is researched.
HR-TEM is adopted to observe the ethanol solution of the coal-based carbon quantum dots, and an HR-TEM image of the coal-based carbon quantum dots is shown in FIG. 4. As can be seen from fig. 4, the coal-based carbon quantum dots prepared in this example have a circular shape and an average particle size of 2.6 nm.
Example 2
Experimental materials: the formation water is Daqing oilfield formation water, the total mineralization is 3281mg/L, and the composition is shown in Table 1. Simulated oil (viscosity of 5.0mPa & s at formation temperature of 45 ℃) prepared by mixing Daqing crude oil and light hydrocarbon, and cylindrical artificial rock core (2.5cm multiplied by 10cm, gas permeability of about 263 multiplied by 10cm and formed by cementing quartz sand epoxy resin-3μm2Artificial cores are shown in fig. 5).
TABLE 1 Daqing oil field formation water composition
| Ion(s) | Concentration (mg/L) |
| K+ | 37 |
| Na+ | 1055 |
| Ca2+ | 90 |
| Mg2+ | 28 |
| Cl- | 1399 |
| SO4 2- | 185 |
| CO3 2- | 45 |
| HCO3 - | 442 |
Instruments and materials:
the device comprises a rock core holder, a piston middle container, a high-pressure constant-speed constant-pressure pump, a hand pump, a pressure monitoring and recording system, a thermostat, a six-way valve and a measuring cylinder.
The application of the coal-based carbon quantum dot oil displacement agent in the tertiary oil recovery of the low-permeability sandstone reservoir:
(1) 1.0g of coal-based carbon quantum dot powder is placed in 200mL of formation water, and is treated by 1500W ultrasonic wave for 10min to prepare a uniform and stable coal-based carbon quantum dot solution with the mass concentration of 0.5 wt% which is used as an oil displacement agent for a rock core displacement experiment;
(2) measuring the dry weight of the experimental rock core, saturating formation water after vacuumizing the rock core, measuring the wet weight of the rock core, and calculating the pore volume of the rock core according to the volume of the saturated water;
(3) the core displacement device is shown in figure 1, a core is placed in a core holder, the core saturates formation water at different injection speeds (such as 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3mL/min), the pressure difference between an injection end and an outlet end (atmospheric pressure), the injection time and the volume of produced water are recorded, the permeability at each injection speed is calculated by a Darcy formula, and then the average value is taken as the permeability of the core;
(4) designing an injection speed of 0.2mL/min to saturate simulated oil in the rock core until no formation water flows out of an outlet end, standing for 24h, and reading out the total volume of produced water (the volume of saturated oil);
(5) using stratum water to displace the rock core, designing the displacement speed to be 0.2mL/min, recording the pressure difference between an injection end and an outlet end (atmospheric pressure), reading the volumes of a water phase (stratum water) and an oil phase (simulation oil) in the produced fluid every 5min until the water-containing volume in the produced fluid reaches 98%, and then finishing water displacement, and calculating the accumulated oil production;
(6) performing displacement by using a coal-based carbon quantum dot solution, designing the displacement speed to be 0.2mL/min, recording the pressure difference between an injection end and an outlet end (atmospheric pressure), reading the volumes of a water phase (the coal-based carbon quantum dot solution) and an oil phase (simulated oil) in the produced liquid every 5min until the produced liquid does not contain oil completely, standing for 24h, and calculating the accumulated oil production amount;
(7) after the displacement experiment is finished, the oil displacement efficiency of the formation water displacement is calculated according to the volume of the saturated oil and the accumulated oil production after the formation water displacement, and then the oil displacement efficiency of the coal-based carbon quantum dot oil displacement agent is calculated according to the volume of the saturated oil and the accumulated oil production after the coal-based carbon quantum dot solution displacement, so that the oil displacement efficiency results of the formation water and the coal-based carbon quantum dot solution displacement low-permeability sandstone are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 oil displacement results of formation water and coal-based carbon quantum dot solution
As can be seen from table 2, the oil displacement efficiency of the secondary oil recovery by using the formation water flooding technology is 62.5%, and the oil displacement efficiency of the tertiary oil recovery by using the coal-based carbon quantum dot solution is 81.9%, so that the oil displacement efficiency can be improved by 19.4% on the basis of the formation water flooding technology by using the coal-based carbon quantum dot oil displacement technology, and the oil displacement effect of the low-permeability reservoir can be remarkably improved.
Example 3
Experimental materials: formation water and simulated oil were the same as in example 2, the artificial core had dimensions of 2.5cm x 10cm, and a gas permeability of about 1.2 x 10-3μm2。
Instruments and materials: the same as in example 2.
The application of the coal-based carbon quantum dot oil displacement agent in secondary oil recovery of a tight oil reservoir:
(1) 1.0g of coal-based carbon quantum dot powder is placed in 200mL of formation water, and is treated by 1500W ultrasonic wave for 10min to prepare a uniform and stable coal-based carbon quantum dot solution with the mass concentration of 0.5 wt% which is used as an oil displacement agent for a rock core displacement experiment;
(2) measuring the dry weight of the experimental rock core, saturating formation water after vacuumizing the rock core, measuring the wet weight of the rock core, and calculating the pore volume of the rock core according to the volume of the saturated water;
(3) the core displacement device is shown in figure 1, a core is placed in a core holder, the core saturates formation water at different injection speeds (such as 0.02, 0.04 and 0.06mL/min), the pressure difference between an injection end and an outlet end (atmospheric pressure), the injection time and the volume of produced water are recorded, the permeability at each injection speed is estimated by a Darcy formula, and then the average value is taken as the permeability of the core;
(4) designing an injection speed of 0.02mL/min to saturate simulated oil in the rock core until no formation water flows out of an outlet end, standing for 24h, and reading out the total volume of produced water (the volume of saturated oil);
(5) performing displacement by using a coal-based carbon quantum dot solution, designing the displacement speed to be 0.04mL/min, recording the pressure difference between an injection end and an outlet end (atmospheric pressure), reading the volumes of a water phase (the coal-based carbon quantum dot solution) and an oil phase (simulated oil) in the produced fluid every 25min, finishing the displacement until the volume of water contained in the produced fluid reaches 98%, and calculating the accumulated oil recovery;
(6) after the displacement experiment is finished, the oil displacement efficiency of the coal-based carbon quantum dot oil displacement agent is calculated according to the volume of the saturated oil and the accumulated oil recovery after the displacement of the coal-based carbon quantum dot solution, and the result of the oil displacement efficiency of the coal-based carbon quantum dot solution for displacing the compact sandstone is shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 oil displacement results of coal-based carbon quantum dot solution
As can be seen from Table 3, the oil displacement efficiency of the secondary oil recovery by using the coal-based carbon quantum dot solution is 48%, so that the coal-based carbon quantum dot oil displacement technology is beneficial to improving the development effect of a compact oil reservoir.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements should also be considered as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A coal-based carbon quantum dot oil displacement agent is a mixed solution consisting of coal-based carbon quantum dots or coal-based carbon quantum dots and a base solution; the particle size of the coal-based carbon quantum dots is 1.0-10.0 nm.
2. The coal-based carbon quantum dot oil displacement agent according to claim 1, wherein the carbon source of the coal-based carbon quantum dot comprises coal and/or a coal-based derivative.
3. The coal-based carbon quantum dot oil displacement agent according to claim 1, wherein the Zeta potential of the mixed solution is-30.2 to-90.8 mV when the concentration of the coal-based carbon quantum dots in the mixed solution is 0.1 to 5.0 wt%.
4. The coal-based carbon quantum dot oil displacement agent according to claim 1, wherein the base fluid comprises one or more of clear water, brine, ionic liquid, polymer solution, surfactant solution, and organic solvent.
5. The coal-based carbon quantum dot oil displacement agent according to claim 1, wherein the oil displacement agent has fluorescence and adjustable luminescence wavelength.
6. The application of the coal-based carbon quantum dot oil displacement agent in oil and gas exploitation, wherein the oil and gas exploitation comprises exploitation of conventional oil and gas and exploitation of nano oil and gas.
7. The use according to claim 6, wherein the coal-based carbon quantum dot oil displacement agent is suitable for secondary oil recovery or tertiary oil recovery.
8. The application of claim 7, wherein the injection process of the coal-based carbon quantum dot oil displacement agent in oil and gas displacement comprises continuous injection, huff and puff injection, alternate injection with other oil displacement agents or mixed injection.
9. The application of claim 7, wherein the injection concentration of the coal-based carbon quantum dot oil displacement agent is 0.1-5.0 wt%.
10. The application of claim 7, wherein the total injection amount of the coal-based carbon quantum dot oil displacement agent is 0.01-1.5 times of the pore volume of the porous medium.
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