CN113527785B - Composite material for roughening surface of geomembrane, roughened geomembrane and preparation methods of composite material and roughened geomembrane - Google Patents
Composite material for roughening surface of geomembrane, roughened geomembrane and preparation methods of composite material and roughened geomembrane Download PDFInfo
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- 238000007788 roughening Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 8
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- C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L23/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
- C08L23/06—Polyethene
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F8/00—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
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- D01F8/00—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
- D01F8/04—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers
- D01F8/10—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers with at least one other macromolecular compound obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds as constituent
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- D01F8/04—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers
- D01F8/14—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers with at least one polyester as constituent
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- E02D31/02—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution against ground humidity or ground water
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of geomembranes and discloses a composite material for roughening the surface of a geomembrane, a roughened geomembrane and respective preparation methods, wherein the composite material comprises a component I, a component II, a component III and a component IV, the component I is low-density polyethylene, the component II is at least one selected from polystyrene, polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate and polyamide, the component III is polypropylene and/or high-density polyethylene, and the component IV is rubber powder; the contents of the component I, the component II, the component III and the component IV are respectively 32-65 wt%, 15-26 wt%, 3-16 wt% and 10-30 wt% based on the total weight of the composite material. The composite material is sprayed on the polyethylene smooth geomembrane by a spinning process, the geomembrane does not need to be heated, is well combined with spinning, is stable in spinning, does not fall off after being sprayed, and can achieve the purpose of roughening the polyethylene smooth geomembrane.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of geomembranes, in particular to a composite material for roughening the surface of a geomembrane, a roughened geomembrane and respective preparation methods.
Background
The Polyethylene (PE) geomembrane is a waterproof barrier material produced by taking PE as a basic raw material, has extremely low permeability and is an ideal impermeable material. Compared with the traditional waterproof material, the PE geomembrane has the advantages of low permeability coefficient, good flexibility, strong deformation applicability, high strength, good overall connectivity, convenient construction and the like. The PE geomembrane can be divided into a smooth-surface geomembrane and a rough-surface geomembrane according to the appearance of the product. The geomembrane with the smooth surface has smooth surface and low friction coefficient. The surface of the geomembrane with the rough surface is composed of a concave-convex structure, and the friction coefficient is high. Compared with the smooth geomembrane, the rough geomembrane can be applied to the projects of roof leakage prevention, garden greening, farmland canal seepage prevention, water and soil conservation, beach reclamation field building, garbage landfill in environmental engineering, three-waste treatment and environmental remediation, desertification prevention and the like, can also be applied to the projects requiring larger friction coefficient such as abrupt slope or side slope membrane body surface earthing and the like, and is a preferred material for the projects of mountain construction, abrupt slope construction and the like. Therefore, the water conservancy, hydropower, traffic, environmental protection, building and other fields provide wide prospects for the application and development of the geomembrane with the rough surface.
The PE geomembrane rough surface forming method mainly comprises a spinning roughening method, an embossing roughening method, a chemical foaming roughening method and nitrogen (N) 2 ) Roughening, etc. The spinning roughening method is to preheat PE smooth geomembrane to make the required roughened geomembrane surface layer reach to over heat deformation temperature, to spray molten plastic filament onto the required roughened geomembrane surface through special plastic spraying equipment, and to cool to obtain the roughened surface layer. The spinning roughening method belongs to secondary forming, namely, the smooth-surface geomembrane is processed and formed again, the smooth-surface geomembrane produced by the calendaring forming and blow molding forming processes can be preheated for spinning to obtain the PE rough-surface geomembrane, and the preheating and spinning processes can also be directly added into a geomembrane production line to realize continuous production of the PE rough-surface geomembrane.
The spinning roughening method has complicated process and the key points are temperature control of the geomembrane roughening surface, plastic filament making and spraying, smooth surface and roughening layer filament material selection, etc. The spinning process has high difficulty, the quality of the rough surface is unstable, and the plastic filaments are easy to fall off on the surface of the geomembrane, so that the anti-skid performance of the plastic filaments is reduced. In the prior art, the spinning process usually needs to carry out secondary heating on the smooth-surface geomembrane which is as long as several meters or even tens of meters, the spinning material is not well combined with the smooth-surface geomembrane and is easy to fall off, and the anti-skidding function is lost after falling off, on one hand, a large amount of heat energy needs to be consumed for heating the smooth-surface geomembrane, and on the other hand, the roughening effect is not lasting.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the existing spinning roughening process, the invention aims to provide a composite material for spinning roughening of a geomembrane, a roughened geomembrane and respective preparation methods. The composite material is sprayed on the polyethylene smooth-faced geomembrane through a spinning process, the smooth-faced geomembrane does not need to be heated, is well combined with spinning, is stable in spinning, does not fall off after being sprayed, and can achieve the purpose of roughening the polyethylene smooth-faced geomembrane.
According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a composite for geomembrane surface roughening, the composite comprising component I, component II, component III and component IV, wherein component I is a low density polyethylene and component II is selected from at least one of polystyrene, polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate and polyamide; the component III is selected from polypropylene and/or high-density polyethylene; the component IV is selected from rubber powder; based on the total weight of the composite material, the content of the component I is 32-65 wt%, the content of the component II is 15-26 wt%, the content of the component III is 3-16 wt%, and the content of the component IV is 10-30 wt%.
According to a second aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of making a composite material according to the first aspect of the present invention, the method comprising: and carrying out melt blending and extrusion granulation on the components in the composite material.
According to a third aspect of the present invention there is provided a matte geomembrane comprising a PE glossy geomembrane and a matte surface formed on at least one surface of the glossy geomembrane, wherein the matte surface is made from the composite material of the first aspect of the present invention.
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for preparing the matte geomembrane, the method comprising: and spraying the composite material on at least one surface of the PE smooth geomembrane by a spinning process to form the rough surface.
The composite material disclosed by the invention is simple in component and low in cost, the composite material is used for spinning and roughening the surface of the PE smooth-surface geomembrane, and the process of secondarily heating the geomembrane in the traditional process can be omitted, so that the energy is saved, the consumption is reduced, the roughened part of the surface does not fall off after spinning, and the roughening lasts for a long time.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a photograph showing the topography of the matte side of a matte-side geomembrane prepared using example 1.
Detailed Description
The endpoints of the ranges and any values disclosed herein are not limited to the precise range or value, and such ranges or values should be understood to encompass values close to those ranges or values. For numerical ranges, each range between its endpoints and individual point values, and each individual point value can be combined with each other to give one or more new numerical ranges, and such numerical ranges should be construed as specifically disclosed herein.
According to a first aspect of the present invention there is provided a composite for geomembrane surfacing comprising component I, component II, component III and component IV.
In the invention, the component I is Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE), which can improve the bonding strength of the composite material and the smooth geomembrane. Preferably, the low density polyethylene has a melt flow mass rate (MFR) of 35 to 50g/10min at 190 ℃ under 2.16 kg.
In the present invention, the component II can reduce the melt tensile strength of the composite material. Specifically, the component II is selected from one or more of Polystyrene (PS), polycarbonate (PC), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), and Polyamide (PA).
Preferably, the polystyrene has a melt flow mass rate of 1-8g/10min at 200 ℃ and 5kg and a density of 1.02-1.07g/cm 3 。
Preferably, the polycarbonate has a melt flow mass rate of 3 to 4g/10min at 300 ℃ under 1.2kg and a density of 1.18 to 1.22g/cm 3 。
Preferably, the polybutylene terephthalate has a density of 1.2 to 1.5g/cm 3 。
Preferably, the polymethyl methacrylate has a melt flow mass rate of 1.7-2.0g/10min at 230 ℃ and 3.8kg and a density of 1.16-1.20g/cm 3 。
Preferably, the polyethylene terephthalate has a density of 1.62 to 1.70g/cm 3 。
Preferably, the polyamide has a density of 1 to 1.6g/cm 3 . The polyamide may be selected from one or more of nylon 6, nylon 66, nylon 1010 and nylon 1212.
In the present invention, the component III is selected from polypropylene (PP) and High Density Polyethylene (HDPE), and the incorporation of the component III can increase the spinning stiffness of the composite material.
Preferably, the polypropylene has a melt flow mass rate of 1 to 5g/10min at 230 ℃ under 2.16 kg.
Preferably, the high density polyethylene has a melt flow mass rate of 0.5 to 5g/10min at 190 ℃ under 2.16 kg.
In the invention, the component IV is rubber powder, can provide a spinning breakpoint for the composite material, and has the functions of damping and reducing noise on the geomembrane. Preferably, the particle size of the rubber powder is 90 to 300. Mu.m. The rubber powder can be a product directly obtained by commercial purchase, and can also be waste rubber powder, so that the secondary utilization of the waste rubber is realized. The waste rubber powder is powder prepared by decontaminating, removing impurities and crushing waste rubber (such as tires). Preferably, the rubber powder is at least one of butyl rubber powder, natural rubber powder and tire powder.
In the invention, based on the total weight of the composite material, the content of the component I is 32-65 wt%, the content of the component II is 15-26 wt%, the content of the component III is 3-16 wt%, and the content of the component IV is 10-30 wt%. The content is calculated according to the feeding amount of each component.
In the present invention, other processing aids such as color masterbatches, antioxidants, etc. known to those skilled in the art may also be included in the composite material according to application needs. The specific types and amounts of such other processing aids are well known in the art and are not described further herein.
In the present invention, the various components of the composite material can be prepared by methods well known in the art, or can be obtained commercially.
According to the invention, the composite material can form a rough surface on the surface of the PE smooth geomembrane through a spinning process, and has high bonding strength with the smooth geomembrane. According to one embodiment, the composite material has a melt mass flow rate of 16 to 28g/10min at 190 ℃ under 2.16kg, a density of 0.989 to 1.196g/10cm3, a melt tensile break speed of 75 to 85m/min, and a melt tensile tension of 0.004 to 0.007N. In the present invention, the melt flow mass rate (MFR) is measured in accordance with GB/T3682-2000 and the density is measured by GB/T1033.1-2008. The melt tensile breaking speed and the melt tensile tension are measured by a capillary rheometer according to a melt strength tester method.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of making the composite material, the method comprising: and carrying out melt blending and extrusion granulation on the components in the composite material.
The preparation method of the composite material can be carried out on a double-screw extruder by referring to the existing melt blending extrusion granulation process. The twin-screw extruder generally has a length to diameter ratio of 30 or more and can be operated at a speed of 50 to 100r/min. Preferably, the extrusion temperature is 170-250 ℃, the extrusion speed is 5-30rpm, and the melt pressure is 3-35bar.
According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a matte geomembrane comprising a PE glossy geomembrane and a matte surface formed on at least one surface of the glossy geomembrane, wherein the matte surface is made of the composite material.
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for preparing the matte geomembrane, comprising: and spraying the composite material on at least one surface of the PE smooth geomembrane by a spinning process to form the rough surface.
The third and fourth aspects of the present invention are intended to illustrate the use of the composite material in a matte geomembrane, and thus the PE glossy geomembrane is not particularly limited and may be selected with reference to the prior art. The composite material forms a rough surface on the PE smooth-surface geomembrane through a spraying method, and the rough-surface geomembrane can be prepared by utilizing the existing geomembrane rough-surface spraying machine. Generally, a geomembrane rough surface coating machine is formed by connecting a plurality of single screw extruders in parallel, the whole body moves left and right after the extruders are connected in parallel, the composite material is sprayed out from a discharge port and is conveyed to the surface of a smooth geomembrane through hot air, and the smooth geomembrane is conveyed and curled along the spraying direction, so that the surface is fully bonded with the composite material. Preferably, the spinning material temperature is 130-150 ℃, the melt pressure is 3-35bar, the extrusion speed is 6-80rpm, and the air temperature is 300-370 ℃.
The surface spraying rate of the rough-surface geomembrane can be 5 to 20 percent and the spraying diameter can be 0.2 to 0.5mm. Wherein, the spraying rate = coarse silk area/plain geotechnical membrane area.
According to the invention, in the spinning process, the temperature of the PE smooth geomembrane can be kept below the thermal deformation temperature of the PE smooth geomembrane, namely, the preparation method does not need the step of preheating the PE smooth geomembrane, thereby saving energy consumption.
The present invention will be described in detail below by way of examples.
Examples 1-6 are intended to illustrate the composite material of the invention and the process for its preparation. Wherein,
in the examples and the comparative examples,
LDPE is available from Yanshan petrochemical under the trade name YG220P, MFR (190 deg.C, 2.16 kg) of 40g/10min, and density of 0.922 + -0.005 g/cm 3 ；
PS is obtained from the petrochemical source of a raisin, has a trade name of 158K, an MFR (200 ℃, 5 kg) of 3g/10min and a density of 1.05g/cm 3 ；
PC is available from GE plastics under the trade designation 131R, and has an MFR (300 ℃ C., 1.2 kg) of 3.5g/10min, density 1.21g/cm 3 ；
PMMA is purchased from Taiwan Chimei, china, and has a trade mark of CM-205, MFR (230 ℃, 3.8 kg) of 1.8g/10min and density of 1.19g/CM 3 。
PET was purchased from DuPont, USA under the trade name FR330, and the density was 1.67g/cm 3 ；
PBT available from DuPont, USA under the trade designation S600F10 and having a density of 1.30g/cm 3 ；
PP was purchased from Yanshan petrochemical company under the designation K8303 and an MFR (1230 ℃, 2.16 kg) of 2.0g/10min;
HDPE available from Yanshan petrochemical company under the designation 3000J, MFR (190 ℃, 2.16 kg) of 2.3g/10min;
PA6 available from Mitsubishi, japan, trade name 1030, density 1.14g/cm 3 ；
The melt mass flow rate (190 ℃, 2.16 kg) of the composite material was measured according to GB/T3682-2000; the density is measured according to GB/T1033.1-2008; the melt tensile breaking speed (haul off) and the melt tensile tension (haul off) are measured by a capillary rheometer according to a melt strength tester method.
Examples 1 to 6 and comparative examples 1 to 5
The materials are melted and blended in a double-screw extruder according to the formula shown in the table 1, and are extruded and granulated, wherein the extrusion temperature is 180-230 ℃, the extrusion speed is 15-20rpm, the melt pressure is 20-30bar, the length-diameter ratio of the double-screw extruder is 32, and the rotating speed is 70-90r/min, so that the composite material master batch is prepared.
The composites prepared in examples 1-6 are designated as A1-A6, respectively, and the composites prepared in comparative examples 1-5 are designated as D1-D5, respectively.
TABLE 1
* : in the component IV, the particle sizes of the powders are all 90-300 μm.
The properties of the composites A1-A6 and D1-D5 are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2
The following application examples 1-6 are used to illustrate the matte geomembranes of the present invention and the methods for preparing the same.
Application examples 1 to 6 and application comparative examples 1 to 5
And respectively spraying the composite materials A1-A6 and D1-D5 on one surface of the PE smooth geomembrane by adopting a spinning process to form the rough-surface geomembrane.
The thickness of the PE smooth geomembrane is 2mm.
The rough geomembrane is prepared by adopting a geomembrane rough surface spraying machine of Shandong large three-layer plastic machinery factories. Wherein the spinning material temperature is 140-145 ℃, the melt pressure is 25-305bar, the extrusion speed is 65-70rpm, and the air temperature is 300-330 ℃. The spraying rate of the surface of the geomembrane with the rough surface is 20 percent, and the spinning diameter is 0.3mm.
The results show that the composites A1-A6 of examples 1-6 spin uniformly on the smooth geomembrane surface (the spinning effect of the composite A1 of example 1 is shown in fig. 1);
the composite material D1 of comparative example 1 could not be bonded to a smooth geomembrane;
the composites D2, D3 of comparative examples 2 and 3 both formed continuous spinning;
the composite D4 of comparative example 4 collapsed by spinning;
the composite material D5 of comparative example 5 formed continuous filaments and collapsed the filaments.
Test example
(1) Coefficient of friction
And (3) measuring the friction coefficient of the rough geomembrane by adopting a pendulum type friction coefficient instrument, wherein the slip speed is 10km/h.
(2) Percentage of mass loss
The matte geomembrane was subjected to an abrasion test according to GB/T17636-1998, operating at a frequency of 90 cycles per minute, testing the percent mass loss of the mill for 100 cycles.
(3) Distance of rough point after tensile failure
Stretching the rough-surface geomembrane by adopting a universal tensile machine at the stretching speed of 50mm/min, selecting 3 pairs of rough points spaced by 1mm in an effective stretching area on each sample strip before testing according to GB/T1040.2-2006, measuring the distance between two points after the sample strips are broken, selecting the point on the same side after the breaking on each sample strip as an effective value, testing for 5 times, and selecting an intermediate value as a final test result.
The properties of the matte geomembrane are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3
As can be seen from table 3, the composite materials of examples 1 to 6 formed a matte surface having higher bonding strength with the smooth geomembrane and high bonding stability, compared to the comparative example. Comparative examples 2 and 3 formed continuous jets, resulting in a roughened smooth-faced geomembrane with an excessive surface texture and loss of frictional slip resistance. Comparative example 4 the spinning collapsed, reducing the friction effect; comparative example 5 formed continuous spinning with collapse of the spun yarn and poor rubbing effect.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above in detail, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Within the scope of the technical idea of the invention, many simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the invention, including combinations of various technical features in any other suitable way, and these simple modifications and combinations should also be regarded as the disclosure of the invention, and all fall within the scope of the invention.
Claims (17)
1. A composite for roughening a geomembrane surface, comprising component I, component II, component III and component IV, wherein,
the component I is low-density polyethylene, and the component II is at least one selected from polystyrene, polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate and polyamide; the component III is selected from polypropylene and/or high-density polyethylene; the component IV is rubber powder; when the component II is selected from polystyrene, the component III is not polypropylene;
based on the total weight of the composite material, the content of the component I is 32-65 wt%, the content of the component II is 15-26 wt%, the content of the component III is 3-16 wt%, and the content of the component IV is 10-30 wt%.
2. The composite material according to claim 1, wherein the particle size of the rubber powder is 90-300 μm.
3. Composite according to claim 1, wherein the rubber powder is selected from butyl rubber powder and/or natural rubber powder.
4. The composite of claim 1, wherein the rubber powder is tire powder.
5. The composite of claim 1, wherein the low density polyethylene has a melt flow mass rate of 35-50g/10min at 190 ℃ under 2.16 kg.
6. The composite of claim 1, wherein the polystyrene has a melt flow mass rate of 1-8g/10min at 200 ℃ and 5kg and a density of 1.02-1.07g/cm 3 。
7. The composite of claim 1, wherein the polycarbonate has a melt flow mass rate of 3-4g/10min at 300 ℃ of 1.2kg and a density of 1.18-1.22g/cm 3 。
8. The composite material according to claim 1, wherein the polymethyl methacrylate has a melt flow mass rate of 3.8kg at 230 ℃ of 1.7 to 2.0g/10min and a density of 1.16 to 1.20g/cm 3 。
9. The composite of claim 1, wherein the polyamide has a density of 1-1.6g/cm 3 。
10. The composite of claim 1, wherein the polyamide is selected from at least one of nylon 6, nylon 66, nylon 1010, and nylon 1212.
11. The composite material according to claim 1, wherein the polypropylene has a melt flow mass rate of 1-5g/10min at 230 ℃ under 2.16 kg.
12. The composite material according to claim 1, wherein the high density polyethylene has a melt flow mass rate of 0.5-5g/10min at 190 ℃ under 2.16 kg.
13. The composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the composite material has a melt mass flow rate of 16 to 28g/10min at 190 ℃ under 2.16kg and a density of 0.989 to 1.196g/10cm 3 The melt tensile breaking speed is 75-85m/min, and the melt tensile tension is 0.004-0.007N.
14. A method of making the composite material of any one of claims 1-13, the method comprising: and carrying out melt blending and extrusion granulation on the components in the composite material.
15. The method of claim 14, wherein the melt blending conditions comprise: the extrusion temperature is 170-250 ℃, the extrusion speed is 5-30rpm, and the melt pressure is 3-35bar.
16. A matte geomembrane comprising a PE glossy geomembrane and a matte surface formed on at least one surface of the glossy geomembrane, wherein the matte surface is made of the composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 13.
17. A process for preparing the matte geomembrane of claim 16, comprising: and spraying the composite material on at least one surface of the PE smooth geomembrane by a spinning process to form the rough surface.
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