CN113525180A - Thermal management system for fuel cell vehicle, heating method for fuel cell vehicle, and fuel cell vehicle - Google Patents
Thermal management system for fuel cell vehicle, heating method for fuel cell vehicle, and fuel cell vehicle Download PDFInfo
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- CN113525180A CN113525180A CN202010287909.5A CN202010287909A CN113525180A CN 113525180 A CN113525180 A CN 113525180A CN 202010287909 A CN202010287909 A CN 202010287909A CN 113525180 A CN113525180 A CN 113525180A
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 101
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 115
- 239000008236 heating water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 85
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000002242 deionisation method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 abstract description 27
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010292 electrical insulation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 101000927062 Haematobia irritans exigua Aquaporin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000002528 anti-freeze Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/30—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells
- B60L58/32—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells for controlling the temperature of fuel cells, e.g. by controlling the electric load
- B60L58/33—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells for controlling the temperature of fuel cells, e.g. by controlling the electric load by cooling
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/02—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant
- B60H1/14—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant otherwise than from cooling liquid of the plant, e.g. heat from the grease oil, the brakes, the transmission unit
- B60H1/143—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant otherwise than from cooling liquid of the plant, e.g. heat from the grease oil, the brakes, the transmission unit the heat being derived from cooling an electric component, e.g. electric motors, electric circuits, fuel cells or batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04067—Heat exchange or temperature measuring elements, thermal insulation, e.g. heat pipes, heat pumps, fins
- H01M8/04074—Heat exchange unit structures specially adapted for fuel cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04225—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during start-up
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of fuel cell vehicles, in particular to a thermal management system of a fuel cell vehicle, a heating method of the thermal management system and the fuel cell vehicle, wherein the thermal management system comprises a cooling water channel and a heating water channel, and the cooling water channel and the heating water channel exchange heat through a heat exchanger; the cooling water path is communicated with the fuel cell stack, the heating water path is internally provided with a radiator which is connected with the heat exchanger in parallel, and the radiator is connected with the heat exchanger in parallel. The heat emitted by the fuel cell during working is transferred to the heat exchanger of the heating system, so that the heating, defrosting and the like of air in the vehicle cabin are realized, the configuration of a heat management system of the fuel cell vehicle is optimized, the heat management level of the fuel cell vehicle is improved, and the hydrogen consumption is reduced; in addition, the radiator in the cooling system is arranged in the heating water channel, and the heating pipeline does not need to consider factors such as electric insulation, corrosion resistance, ion precipitation and the like, so that the model selection standard of parts such as the radiator and the like is reduced, and the manufacturing and maintenance cost is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of fuel cell vehicles, in particular to a thermal management system of a fuel cell vehicle, a heating method of the thermal management system and the fuel cell vehicle.
Background
In new energy automobiles, the fuel cell system has the advantages of no pollution, short hydrogenation time, long driving distance, strong environmental adaptability and the like, and has wide application scenes. Fuel cell vehicles present challenges in thermal management compared to conventional internal combustion engine powered vehicles.
In the prior art, a waste heat utilization scheme is generally adopted, and based on the characteristics of high working temperature and large heat dissipation capacity of a fuel cell, a heat source is provided for a heating system of a vehicle, the overall energy consumption level of the vehicle is reduced, and therefore the heating problem of the fuel cell vehicle at low temperature is solved; however, the common technical scheme adopted at present separately designs a heating system of a vehicle and a cooling system of a fuel cell, so that the coupling is low, the effect is not good, and further optimization space exists; in addition, because the fuel cell cooling system has high requirements for electrical insulation, corrosion resistance and ion deposition, the material selection, manufacturing and maintenance costs of parts such as a radiator in the cooling system are high.
The invention patent with publication number CN109980246A discloses a thermal management system of a fuel cell automobile, which adopts the technical scheme that a heat exchanger is arranged in a cooling system loop and is connected with an original cooling circulation loop in series; the invention patent with publication number CN109249775A discloses a warm air system and a heating method for a fuel cell vehicle, and the scheme is that a heat exchanger and a cooling circulation loop are connected in parallel, so that the heat of a cooling system can be used for heating a whole vehicle cabin, a defroster and the like, and the energy consumption level of the whole vehicle is reduced. However, the cooling circuit of the fuel cell system has high requirements on electrical insulation, corrosion resistance and ion deposition, while the heating circuit of the vehicle has low requirements on electrical insulation, and basically has no requirements on corrosion resistance, ion deposition and the like. In the technical solutions disclosed in publications CN109980246A and CN109249775A, the radiators are disposed in the cooling circuit of the fuel cell, which results in higher costs of material, manufacture and maintenance.
The invention patent with publication number CN110676483A discloses a cooling system of a fuel cell, which adopts the technical scheme that a heat exchanger is used for isolating a cooling loop of the fuel cell from a cooling loop of a radiator, thereby realizing the performance requirement of reducing the electrical insulation of the radiator; but the technical scheme does not consider the comprehensive application and system design of a radiator loop and a whole vehicle warm air system; in practical application, when the fuel cell is started in a cold state, the cooling circuit hardly meets the requirement of heat capacity.
Therefore, the prior art has at least the following disadvantages:
1. the cooling system of the fuel cell and the heating system of the vehicle are independent systems, the control complexity is high, the global optimization control is difficult to realize, the overall energy consumption level of the vehicle is reduced limitedly, and the system design and the energy consumption level of the overall heat management of the whole vehicle have larger optimization space; (ii) a
2. The material, manufacturing and maintenance cost of the radiator in the cooling loop are high, the maintenance and replacement frequency of the deionization tank is high, and the maintenance cost is high.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the technical defects and technical disadvantages in the prior art, embodiments of the present invention provide a thermal management system for a fuel cell vehicle, a heating method thereof, and a fuel cell vehicle, which overcome the above problems or at least partially solve the above problems, thereby improving the thermal management level of the fuel cell vehicle and reducing the hydrogen consumption; and the model selection standard of the fuel cell vehicle to parts such as a radiator and the like is reduced, so that the manufacturing and maintenance cost is reduced.
As an aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a thermal management system of a fuel cell vehicle, the thermal management system including a cooling water path and a heating water path, the cooling water path exchanging heat with the heating water path through a heat exchanger; the cooling water path is communicated with the fuel cell stack, the heating water path is internally provided with a radiator which is connected with the heat exchanger in parallel, and the radiator is connected with the heat exchanger in parallel.
Furthermore, the cooling water path comprises a first cooling water path and a second cooling water path, the heat exchanger is arranged on the first cooling water path, the first cooling water path and the second cooling water path are connected in parallel, and a control valve is arranged between the first cooling water path and the second cooling water path.
Furthermore, the cooling water path also comprises a third cooling water path, the third cooling water path is connected with the first cooling water path and/or the second cooling water path in parallel, and the third cooling water path is provided with an ion removal tank.
Furthermore, the heating water channel comprises a first heating water channel and a second heating water channel, the radiator is arranged on the first heating water channel, the heat exchanger is arranged on the second heating water channel, and a control valve is arranged between the first heating water channel and the second heating water channel.
Further, a heating device is further arranged in the second heating water channel, and the heating device is connected with the heat exchanger in series.
Furthermore, the liquid circulating in the cooling water channel is cooling liquid comprising ionized water and glycol, and the liquid circulating in the heating water channel is vehicle refrigerant.
Furthermore, a first water pump is arranged in the cooling water channel, a second water pump is arranged in the heating water channel, and the first water pump and the second water pump are respectively connected with the heat exchanger in series.
Further, the heating waterway also comprises a water tank, and the water tank is connected with an inlet of the heat exchanger through a pipeline.
As a further aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, there is provided a fuel cell vehicle including the thermal management system of the fuel cell vehicle according to any of the above embodiments.
As still another aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a heating method of the thermal management system of the fuel cell vehicle in any one of the above embodiments, the heating method including:
when the fuel cell system is in cold start, closing a first cooling water path comprising a heat exchanger in a cooling water path, and opening a second cooling water path which is connected with the first cooling water path in parallel in the cooling water path;
after the fuel cell system works normally, the second cooling water path is closed, and the first cooling water path is opened; the first cooling water path transfers heat generated by the fuel cell stack during operation to the heat exchanger, and the heat exchanger radiates redundant heat through a radiator at the heating water path end;
when the heating system is started, the heating water path comprising the radiator is closed, the heating water path comprising the heat exchanger is opened, and air in the vehicle cabin is heated through the heat exchanger.
The embodiment of the invention at least realizes the following technical effects:
The embodiment of the invention realizes the heat exchange between the cooling water channel of the fuel cell cooling system and the heating water channel of the heating system through the heat exchanger, and realizes the heating, defrosting and the like of air in the vehicle cabin by utilizing the heat emitted by the fuel cell during working to be transferred to the heat exchanger of the heating system, thereby optimizing the heat management system configuration of the fuel cell vehicle, improving the heat management level of the fuel cell vehicle and reducing the hydrogen consumption; in addition, the radiator is arranged in the heating water channel according to the technical scheme of the embodiment, and the heating pipeline does not need to consider factors such as electric insulation, corrosion resistance and ion precipitation, so that the model selection standard of parts such as the radiator is reduced, and the manufacturing and maintenance cost is reduced.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a thermal management system of a fuel cell vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Description of the drawings: 1. a cooling water path; 2. a heating waterway; 3. a heat exchanger; 4. a fuel cell stack; 5. a heat sink; 6. a heat exchanger; 7. a control valve; 8. a deionization tank; 9. a heating device; 10. a first water pump; 11. a second water pump; 12. a water tank; 1a, a first cooling water channel; 1b, a second cooling water path; 1c, a third cooling water channel; 2a, a first heating water channel; 2b and a second heating water channel.
Detailed Description
In order to explain technical contents, achieved objects, and effects of the present invention in detail, the following description is made with reference to the accompanying drawings in combination with the embodiments.
The figures and the following description depict alternative embodiments of the invention to teach those skilled in the art how to make and use the invention. Some conventional aspects have been simplified or omitted for the purpose of teaching the present invention. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that variations or substitutions from these embodiments will fall within the scope of the invention. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the features described below can be combined in various ways to form multiple variations of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not limited to the following alternative embodiments, but is only limited by the claims and their equivalents.
In one embodiment, a thermal management system of a fuel cell vehicle is provided, as shown in fig. 1, the thermal management system includes a cooling water circuit 1 and a heating water circuit 2, wherein the cooling water circuit 1 exchanges heat with the heating water circuit 2 through a heat exchanger 3; the cooling water path 1 is communicated with the fuel cell stack 4, a radiator 5 connected with the heat exchanger 3 in parallel is arranged in the heating water path 2, and the radiator 5 is connected with the heat exchanger 6 in parallel. The heat exchanger 3 comprises a cooling water channel inlet and a cooling water channel outlet, the heating water channel inlet and the heating water channel outlet are communicated, the cooling water channel inlet is communicated with the cooling outlet of the fuel cell stack 4, liquid with heat is cooled through the heat exchanger 3, and the cooling water channel outlet is communicated with the cooling inlet of the fuel cell stack 4; the low-temperature liquid flowing out from the water tank 12 or the radiator 5 and the like flows into the heating water channel inlet, the liquid in the heating water channel is heated through the heat exchanger 3, and the high-temperature liquid flows out from the heating water channel outlet and is also used for heating the air temperature in the vehicle cabin. The heat exchanger 3 may be a plate heat exchanger, or may be another type of heat exchanger.
In the embodiment, the heat exchange between the cooling system of the fuel cell system and the heating system of the whole vehicle is realized, the heat generated when the fuel cell stack 4 works is transferred to the heating water channel 2 through the heat exchanger 3, the heat supply is realized when the heat exchanger 6 in the heating water channel needs the heat, and the redundant heat is radiated through the radiator 5 when the heating water channel does not need the heat; in addition, because the radiator 5 is arranged in the heating water path completely independent from the cooling water path of the fuel cell, the problems of ion precipitation and the like do not need to be considered, the requirement on the matching type of the radiator is reduced, and the cost is reduced; in addition, since the cooling water path does not include components such as a radiator, and the like, the precipitation of ions in the cooling circuit is reduced, so that the normal operation of the fuel cell system can be realized without providing the deionization tank in the embodiment, and the cost can be further saved.
In one embodiment, the cooling water path 1 includes a first cooling water path 1a and a second cooling water path 1b, the heat exchanger 3 is disposed in the first cooling water path 1a, the first cooling water path 1a is connected in parallel with the second cooling water path 1b, and a control valve 7 is disposed between the first cooling water path 1a and the second cooling water path 1 b. In the present embodiment, the second cooling water passage 1b is a pipe connected in parallel to the first cooling water passage 1a, and the control valve 7 may be a three-way valve or another control valve that can control the first cooling water passage 1a and the second cooling water passage 1b independently.
In the present embodiment, by providing the second cooling water path 1b, the heat capacity at the time of cold start of the fuel cell system is reduced; when in cold start, the first cooling water path 1a is closed, the second cooling water path 1b is opened, the fuel cell stack 4 only forms a loop with the second cooling water path 1b, and the first cooling water path 1a is provided with the heat exchanger 3, so that the length of the pipeline cannot be too short, and the second cooling water path 1b can be made very short, thereby realizing the adjustment of the heat capacity.
In one embodiment, the cooling water path 1 further includes a third cooling water path 1c, the third cooling water path 1c is connected in parallel with the first cooling water path 1a and/or the second cooling water path 1b, and the third cooling water path 1c is provided with a deionization tank 8. In this embodiment, the deionization tank 8 may be further used to absorb ions precipitated from pipelines and components during the operation of the fuel cell system, so as to improve the stability of the fuel cell system, wherein the deionization tank may be disposed on the first cooling water path 1a and connected in parallel with the heat exchanger 3, or may be disposed on the second cooling water path 1b and connected in parallel with the second cooling water path 1b, as shown in fig. 1; and may be disposed at other reasonable locations of the fuel cell cooling system. Because the cooling water path in this embodiment does not include spare parts such as radiator, therefore can greatly reduced the maintenance replacement frequency of deionization jar to further realize reduce cost.
In one embodiment, the heating water path 2 includes a first heating water path 2a and a second heating water path 2b, the radiator 5 is disposed in the first heating water path 2a, the heat exchanger 6 is disposed in the second heating water path 2b, and a control valve 7 is disposed between the first heating water path 2a and the second heating water path 2 b. In this embodiment, the radiator 5 is connected in parallel with the heat exchanger 6, that is, the first heating water path 2a and the second heating water path 2b are connected in parallel, and the opening and closing of the first heating water path 2a and the second heating water path 2b can be controlled by the control valve 7, wherein the control valve can be a three-way valve or other valves capable of independently controlling the flow rates of the first heating water path 2a and the second heating water path 2b, when the preheating needs to be dissipated, the first heating water path 2a is opened, the second heating water path 2b is closed, when the cabin air needs to be heated, the first heating water path 2a is closed, the second heating water path 2b is opened, the heat of the heat exchanger 3 is transmitted to the heat exchanger 6 through a pipeline, and the heat exchanger 6 heats the cabin air. The flow in the first heating water channel 2a and the second heating water channel 2b and the heat dissipation capacity of the radiator 5 can be adjusted according to the actual demand of heating, and the demands of heating of the whole vehicle and heat dissipation of the fuel cell are met.
In one embodiment, a heating device 9 is further provided in the second heating water circuit 2b, and the heating device 9 is connected in series with the heat exchanger 6. In this embodiment, with heat exchanger 6 and heating device 9 series connection, can be under the low temperature environment in the realization that is more quick on the basis that the heating water route preheats, to the demand of the interior heating defrosting of cabin when the fuel cell vehicle starts, guarantee the utilization effect of waste heat.
In one embodiment, the liquid circulating in the cooling water circuit 1 is a cooling liquid including ionized water and glycol, and the liquid circulating in the heating water circuit 2 is a vehicle coolant.
In the embodiment, the cooling water path 1 of the fuel cell cooling system uses a special cooling liquid, and needs to meet the system electrical insulation requirement of the national standard, such as not less than 500 Ω/V, and simultaneously meets the requirements of the fuel cell system on ion precipitation and the like; the heating water path 2 of the whole vehicle heating system uses a common refrigerant, wherein the existing special cooling liquid is the cooling liquid mixed by deionized water and glycol, and is generally special for a fuel cell system; the common cooling liquid is an automotive antifreeze and has no requirement on ion concentration, such as LLC; automotive refrigerants are less expensive than dedicated coolants, further reducing the cost of the thermal management system.
In one embodiment, a first water pump 10 is disposed in the cooling water path 1, a second water pump 11 is disposed in the heating water path 2, and the first water pump 10 and the second water pump 11 are respectively connected in series with the heat exchanger 3. In this embodiment, the first water pump 10 and the second water pump 11 respectively transport the liquid in the heating water path 2 and the cooling water path 1, and the second cooling water path 1b is arranged in the cooling water path, so that the flow resistance in the cooling water path is reduced, the performance requirement of the first water pump in this embodiment is reduced, only the conventional water pump is adopted, and the water pumps can realize the flow control according to different control methods.
In one embodiment, the heating water circuit 2 further comprises a water tank 12, and the water tank 12 is connected with the inlet of the heat exchanger 3 through a pipeline. In this embodiment, the water tank is used to provide a cooling medium, which may be a common refrigerant, to realize water circulation inside the thermal system.
In the embodiment, the radiator 5 is moved from the cooling water channel 1 to the heating water channel 2, so that the requirements on ion precipitation, electrical insulation, corrosion resistance and the like can be reduced, the material, manufacturing and maintenance cost of the radiator can be reduced, and the service life of the radiator can be prolonged; meanwhile, the ion precipitation rate in the cooling water channel of the fuel cell is greatly reduced, so that the maintenance and replacement frequency of the deionization tank can be reduced, and even the deionization tank is removed, so that the cost is reduced; in addition, because the flow resistance of the heat exchanger 3 is smaller than that of the fuel cell stack 4, the parameters of parts in a heating water channel can be flexibly selected, and the requirement on the heat dissipation performance of the radiator is reduced; and simultaneously reduces the performance requirement on the water pump.
Based on the same inventive concept, embodiments of the present invention further provide a fuel cell vehicle, and since the principle of the problem solved by the fuel cell vehicle is similar to that of the thermal management system of the fuel cell vehicle of the foregoing embodiments, the implementation of the apparatus can be referred to the implementation of the thermal management system of the fuel cell vehicle of the foregoing embodiments, and repeated details are omitted.
An embodiment of the invention provides a fuel cell vehicle, which comprises the thermal management system of the fuel cell vehicle in any embodiment.
The embodiment optimizes a thermal management system in a vehicle, realizes heat exchange between a fuel cell cooling system and a whole vehicle heating system in the vehicle through a heat exchanger 6, uses waste heat generated when a fuel cell operates in a heating system of the whole vehicle for heating and defrosting, achieves the purpose of waste heat utilization, and reduces the hydrogen consumption and the energy consumption level of the vehicle; in addition, the radiator of the embodiment is moved from the fuel cell cooling system to the whole vehicle heating system and is connected with the heat exchanger in parallel, so that the defect that the fuel cell cooling system and the whole vehicle heating system are separately controlled is overcome, the cooling requirements of the fuel cell and the heating requirements of the whole vehicle are integrated, the optimal control level of the whole vehicle heat management is favorably realized, and the energy consumption level is further reduced.
Based on the same inventive concept, embodiments of the present invention further provide a heating method for a thermal management system of a fuel cell vehicle, and since the principle of the problem solved by the method is similar to that of the thermal management system of the fuel cell vehicle of the foregoing embodiments, reference may be made to the implementation of the method of the foregoing embodiments, and repeated details are omitted.
The present embodiment provides a heating method of the thermal management system of a fuel cell vehicle in any one of the above embodiments, the heating method including:
when the fuel cell system is in cold start, closing a first cooling water path 1a comprising a heat exchanger 3 in a cooling water path 1, and opening a second cooling water path 1b connected with the first cooling water path 1a in the cooling water path 1 in parallel;
after the fuel cell system normally works, the second cooling water path 1b is closed, and the first cooling water path 1a is opened; the first cooling water path 1a transfers heat generated by the fuel cell stack 4 during operation to the heat exchanger 3, and the heat exchanger 3 radiates redundant heat through a radiator 5 at the heating water path end;
when the heating system is started, the heating water circuit 2 including the radiator 5 is turned off, the heating water circuit 2 including the heat exchanger 6 is turned on, and the air in the cabin is heated by the heat exchanger 6.
In the present embodiment, the flow rate of the pipe may be controlled by the control valve 7 in the cooling water circuit 1 and the heating water circuit 2, so that the control of the heat in the thermal management system of the fuel cell vehicle is realized.
The use of ordinal numbers such as "first," "second," "third," etc., in the specification and claims to modify a corresponding element does not by itself connote any ordinal number of the element or the order of one element in another, but are used merely to clearly distinguish one element having a certain name from another element having a same name.
Similarly, it should be appreciated that in the foregoing description of exemplary embodiments of the invention, various features of the invention are sometimes grouped together in a single embodiment, figure, or description thereof for the purpose of streamlining the invention and aiding in the understanding of one or more of the various inventive aspects. However, the method of the invention should not be construed to reflect the intent: that the invention as claimed requires more features than are expressly recited in each claim. Thus, the claims following the detailed description are hereby expressly incorporated into this detailed description, with each claim standing on its own as a separate embodiment of this invention.
While the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, which are illustrative and not restrictive, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The thermal management system of the fuel cell vehicle is characterized by comprising a cooling water channel and a heating water channel, wherein the cooling water channel and the heating water channel exchange heat through a heat exchanger; the cooling water path is communicated with the fuel cell stack, the heating water path is internally provided with a radiator which is connected with the heat exchanger in parallel, and the radiator is connected with the heat exchanger in parallel.
2. The fuel cell vehicle thermal management system according to claim 1, wherein the cooling water path includes a first cooling water path and a second cooling water path, the heat exchanger is provided in the first cooling water path, the first cooling water path is connected in parallel with the second cooling water path, and a control valve is provided between the first cooling water path and the second cooling water path.
3. The thermal management system for a fuel cell vehicle according to claim 2, further comprising a third cooling water path connected in parallel with the first cooling water path and/or the second cooling water path, wherein a deionization tank is provided in the third cooling water path.
4. The fuel cell vehicle thermal management system according to claim 1, wherein the heating water path includes a first heating water path and a second heating water path, the radiator is provided in the first heating water path, the heat exchanger is provided in the second heating water path, and a control valve is provided between the first heating water path and the second heating water path.
5. The fuel cell vehicle thermal management system according to claim 4, wherein a heating device is further provided in the second heating water circuit, the heating device being connected in series with the heat exchanger.
6. The fuel cell vehicle thermal management system of claim 1, wherein the liquid circulated in the cooling water circuit is a coolant including ionized water and ethylene glycol, and the liquid circulated in the heating water circuit is a vehicle coolant.
7. The fuel cell vehicle thermal management system according to claim 1, wherein a first water pump is provided in the cooling water path, a second water pump is provided in the heating water path, and the first water pump and the second water pump are connected in series with the heat exchanger, respectively.
8. The fuel cell vehicle thermal management system of claim 1, wherein the heating water circuit further comprises a water tank connected to an inlet of the heat exchanger through a pipe.
9. A heating method of the thermal management system of the fuel cell vehicle according to claims 1 to 8, characterized by comprising:
when the fuel cell system is in cold start, closing a first cooling water path comprising a heat exchanger in a cooling water path, and opening a second cooling water path which is connected with the first cooling water path in parallel in the cooling water path;
after the fuel cell system works normally, the second cooling water path is closed, and the first cooling water path is opened; the first cooling water path transfers heat generated by the fuel cell stack during operation to the heat exchanger, and the heat exchanger radiates redundant heat through a radiator at the heating water path end;
when the heating system is started, the heating water path comprising the radiator is closed, the heating water path comprising the heat exchanger is opened, and air in the vehicle cabin is heated through the heat exchanger.
10. A fuel cell vehicle characterized by comprising the thermal management system of the fuel cell vehicle according to any of claims 1 to 8.
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