CN113524685B - Three-dimensional printing method and device for correcting geometric distortion of lens - Google Patents
Three-dimensional printing method and device for correcting geometric distortion of lens Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B29C64/386—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
Abstract
The invention relates to a three-dimensional printing method and equipment for correcting geometric distortion of a lens. The method comprises the following steps: providing a reference image for an imaging panel of the area array three-dimensional printing device, enabling the imaging panel to project a projection image through a projection lens, wherein the reference image comprises a plurality of reference pixel points, and the projection image comprises a plurality of light spots corresponding to the plurality of reference pixel points; sampling at least part of the light spots of the projection image by an image capturing unit at the light emitting side of the projection lens to obtain a sampled image set; calculating geometric distortion data of the projection lens according to the sampling image set and the reference image; according to the geometric distortion data, compensating slice image data of the three-dimensional model to be printed to obtain compensated slice image data; and providing the compensated slice image data to an imaging panel of the three-dimensional printing device during three-dimensional printing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a three-dimensional printing technology, in particular to a three-dimensional printing method and equipment for correcting geometric distortion of a lens.
Background
The three-dimensional (3D) printing technology is characterized in that a computer three-dimensional design model is taken as a blue book, special materials such as metal powder, ceramic powder, plastics, cell tissues and the like are stacked and bonded layer by utilizing a laser beam, a hot-melt nozzle and the like through a software layered discrete and numerical control molding system, and finally, a solid product is manufactured by stacking and molding. Different from the traditional manufacturing industry that the raw materials are shaped and cut in a mechanical processing mode such as a die, a turning milling mode and the like to finally produce a finished product, the three-dimensional entity is changed into a plurality of two-dimensional planes through 3D printing, and the manufacturing complexity is greatly reduced through material processing and layer-by-layer stacking production. The digital manufacturing mode can directly generate parts with any shape from the computer graphic data without complex process, huge machine tool and numerous manpower, so that the production and manufacturing can be extended to a wider production crowd range.
In the 3D printing process, the original image may generate deformation and distortion with different degrees after passing through the projection lens, and the distortion is often caused by the inherent characteristics of the optical lens (such as converging light rays by the convex lens and diverging light rays by the concave lens), so that the distortion cannot be completely eliminated.
In the field of industrial-grade 3D printing, there is often a high requirement on the printing accuracy, for example, a printing error of ±0.1mm is required. Accordingly, the accuracy of the area array exposure 3D printing device is affected by the geometric distortion of the projection lens, and the geometric distortion accuracy of the projection lens is about 1%. Thus, on the order of 400mm for 3D printing, there may be an error of several millimeters or more, and thus correction of distortion of the projection lens is necessary.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a three-dimensional printing method for correcting geometric distortion of a lens, which can effectively correct the geometric distortion generated by a projection lens.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is to provide a three-dimensional printing method for correcting geometric distortion of a lens, which comprises the following steps: providing a reference image for an imaging panel of the area array three-dimensional printing device, enabling the imaging panel to project a projection image through a projection lens, wherein the reference image comprises a plurality of reference pixel points, and the projection image comprises a plurality of light spots corresponding to the plurality of reference pixel points; sampling at least part of the light spots of the projection image by an image capturing unit at the light emitting side of the projection lens to obtain a sampled image set; calculating geometric distortion data of the projection lens according to the sampling image set and the reference image; according to the geometric distortion data, compensating slice image data of the three-dimensional model to be printed to obtain compensated slice image data; and providing the compensated slice image data to an imaging panel of the three-dimensional printing device during three-dimensional printing.
In an embodiment of the invention, the image capturing unit is disposed on a carrying mechanism located on the light emitting side of the projection lens, and the method further includes controlling the carrying mechanism to move along a two-dimensional plane to carry the image capturing unit to obtain the sampled image set.
In an embodiment of the invention, the step of sampling at least part of the light spots of the projection image to obtain a set of sampled images comprises: moving the image capturing unit to a plurality of positions of the two-dimensional plane, and collecting one or more light points of the projection image at each position to obtain a sampling image; wherein the sampled images of the plurality of locations constitute the sampled image set.
In an embodiment of the invention, the reference image is divided into a plurality of projections, the light spots projected at different positions of the plurality of projections constituting the projected image.
In an embodiment of the invention, each time the one or more light spots are projected, the image capturing unit is moved to a corresponding position of the two-dimensional plane according to a preset sampling matrix.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the imaging panel projects a corresponding light spot according to a position of the image capturing unit during each projection, so that the image capturing unit can collect the projected light spot.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the step of calculating the geometric distortion data of the projection lens from the sampled image set and the reference image includes: determining coordinates of each light spot of the sampled image in the two-dimensional plane; and determining the mapping relation between the coordinates of each light spot in the two-dimensional plane and the coordinates of the corresponding reference pixel point of the reference image.
In an embodiment of the present invention, one or more non-reference pixel points are spaced between each reference pixel point of the reference image, one or more non-sampled light points are spaced between each light point of the sampled image set, and the step of calculating the geometric distortion data of the projection lens according to the sampled image set and the reference image further includes interpolating a mapping relationship between the non-sampled light points and the corresponding non-reference pixel points of the reference image.
The invention also proposes a method of correcting lens geometrical distortion of a three-dimensional printing apparatus comprising an exposure system comprising an imaging panel and a projection lens located at the light exit side of the imaging panel, the method comprising the steps of: providing a reference image for an imaging panel of the area array three-dimensional printing device, enabling the imaging panel to project a projection image through a projection lens, wherein the reference image comprises a plurality of reference pixel points, and the projection image comprises a plurality of light spots corresponding to the plurality of reference pixel points; sampling at least part of the light spots of the projection image by an image capturing unit at the light emitting side of the projection lens to obtain a sampled image set; and calculating geometric distortion data of the projection lens according to the sampling image set and the reference image.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the step of sampling at least a portion of the pixels of the projection image to obtain a set of sampled images comprises: moving the image capturing unit to a plurality of positions of a two-dimensional plane where the image capturing unit is located, and collecting one or more light points of the projection image at each position to obtain a sampling image; wherein the sampled images of the plurality of locations constitute the sampled image set.
In an embodiment of the invention, the reference image is divided into a plurality of projections, the light spots projected at different positions of the plurality of projections constituting the projected image.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the step of calculating the geometric distortion data of the projection lens from the sampled image and the reference image includes: determining coordinates of each light spot of the sampled image in the two-dimensional plane; and determining the mapping relation between the coordinates of each light spot in the two-dimensional plane and the coordinates of the corresponding reference pixel point of the reference image.
In an embodiment of the present invention, one or more non-reference pixel points are spaced between each reference pixel point of the reference image, one or more non-sampled light points are spaced between each light point of the sampled image, and the step of calculating the geometric distortion data of the projection lens according to the sampled image set and the reference image further includes interpolating a mapping relationship between the non-sampled light points and the corresponding non-reference pixel points of the reference image.
The invention also provides an area array three-dimensional printing device for correcting geometric distortion of the lens, which comprises an exposure system, an image capturing device and a controller. The exposure system comprises an imaging panel and a projection lens positioned on the light emergent side of the imaging panel. The image capturing apparatus includes an image capturing unit. The controller is configured to: providing a reference image to the imaging panel, enabling the imaging panel to project a projection image through the projection lens, wherein the reference image comprises a plurality of reference pixel points, and the projection image comprises a plurality of light spots corresponding to the plurality of reference pixel points; controlling the image capturing unit to sample at least part of the light spots of the projection image to obtain a sampled image set; and calculating geometric distortion data of the projection lens according to the sampling image set and the reference image.
In an embodiment of the invention, the image capturing device further includes a carrying mechanism located at the light emitting side of the projection lens, and the carrying mechanism is adapted to carry the image capturing unit to move along a two-dimensional plane.
In an embodiment of the invention, the controller is configured to control the image capturing unit to capture the projection image as follows:
In an embodiment of the invention, one or more light points of the projection image are acquired at each location to obtain a sampled image, wherein the sampled images of the plurality of locations constitute the sampled image set.
In an embodiment of the invention, the controller is configured to divide the reference image into a plurality of projections, the light spots projected at different positions of the plurality of projections constituting the projected image.
In an embodiment of the invention, the controller is configured to control the image capturing unit to move to a corresponding position of the two-dimensional plane according to a preset sampling matrix each time the one or more light spots are projected.
In an embodiment of the invention, the controller is configured to control the imaging panel to project a corresponding light spot according to a position of the image capturing unit during each projection, so that the image capturing unit can collect the projected light spot.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the step of calculating the geometric distortion data of the projection lens from the sampled image and the reference image includes: determining coordinates of each light spot of the sampled image in the two-dimensional plane; and determining a mapping relation between coordinates of the light spots in the two-dimensional plane and coordinates of corresponding reference pixel points of the reference image.
In an embodiment of the present invention, one or more non-reference pixel points are spaced between each reference pixel point of the reference image, one or more non-sampled light points are spaced between each light point of the sampled image set, and the step of calculating the geometric distortion data of the projection lens according to the sampled image set and the reference image further includes interpolating a mapping relationship between the non-sampled light points and the corresponding non-reference pixel points of the reference image.
In an embodiment of the invention, the image capturing unit is detachably disposed on the carrying mechanism.
The invention also provides a three-dimensional printing device for correcting geometric distortion of a lens, which comprises: a memory for storing instructions executable by the processor; and a processor for executing the instructions to implement the method as described above.
The invention also proposes a computer readable medium storing computer program code which, when executed by a processor, implements a method as described above.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable advantages due to the adoption of the technical scheme:
the three-dimensional printing method for correcting the geometric distortion of the lens can effectively correct the geometric distortion generated by the lens group, and improves the quality of projection images.
Drawings
In order to make the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional printing apparatus for correcting geometric distortion of a lens according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a three-dimensional printing method for correcting geometric distortion of a lens according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a reference image of a three-dimensional printing method for correcting geometric distortion of a lens according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a projected image of a three-dimensional printing method for correcting geometric distortion of a lens according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIGS. 5A and 5B are schematic diagrams of print images before and after adjustment, respectively, of a three-dimensional printing method for correcting geometric distortion of a lens according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a flowchart of the steps of sampling at least some pixels of a projection image to obtain a sampled image in a three-dimensional printing method that corrects lens geometric distortion according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional printing method for correcting geometric distortion of a lens according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a controller architecture diagram of a three-dimensional printing apparatus for correcting geometric distortion of a lens according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the above objects, features and advantages of the present application more comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present application, but the present application may be practiced in other ways than as described herein, and therefore the present application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
As used in the specification and in the claims, the terms "a," "an," "the," and/or "the" are not specific to a singular, but may include a plurality, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. In general, the terms "comprises" and "comprising" merely indicate that the steps and elements are explicitly identified, and they do not constitute an exclusive list, as other steps or elements may be included in a method or apparatus.
In describing embodiments of the present application in detail, the cross-sectional view of the device structure is not partially exaggerated to a general scale for convenience of explanation, and the schematic drawings are only examples and should not limit the scope of the present application herein. In addition, the three-dimensional dimensions of length, width and depth should be included in actual fabrication.
For ease of description, spatially relative terms such as "under", "below", "beneath", "above", "upper" and the like may be used herein to describe one element or feature's relationship to another element or feature as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that these spatially relative terms are intended to encompass other orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is turned over, elements described as "below" or "beneath" other elements or features would then be oriented "above" the other elements or features. Thus, the exemplary words "below" and "beneath" can encompass both an orientation of above and below. The device may have other orientations (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly. Furthermore, it will be understood that when a layer is referred to as being "between" two layers, it can be the only layer between the two layers, or one or more intervening layers may also be present.
In the context of the present application, a structure described as a first feature being "on" a second feature may include embodiments where the first and second features are formed in direct contact, as well as embodiments where additional features are formed between the first and second features, such that the first and second features may not be in direct contact.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "on," "connected to," "coupled to," or "contacting" another element, it can be directly on, connected or coupled to, or contacting the other element or intervening elements may be present. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being "directly on," "directly connected to," "directly coupled to," or "directly contacting" another element, there are no intervening elements present. Likewise, when a first element is referred to as being "electrically contacted" or "electrically coupled" to a second element, there are electrical paths between the first element and the second element that allow current to flow. The electrical path may include a capacitor, a coupled inductor, and/or other components that allow current to flow even without direct contact between conductive components.
The following embodiments of the present invention provide a three-dimensional printing method for correcting geometric distortion of a lens, which can effectively correct geometric distortion generated by a lens group.
It will be appreciated that the description below is merely exemplary and that a person skilled in the art may make variations without departing from the spirit of the invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional printing apparatus for correcting geometric distortion of a lens according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to fig. 1, the three-dimensional printing apparatus 100 includes an exposure system 110, an image capturing device 120, and a controller (not shown). The exposure system 110 includes a light source 110a, an imaging panel 111, and a projection lens 112 positioned on the light-emitting side of the imaging panel 111. The image capturing apparatus 120 includes a carrying mechanism 121 and an image capturing unit 122. The carrying mechanism 121 may drive the image capturing unit 122 to move along a two-dimensional plane on the light emitting side of the lens group 112, and at the same time, it should be ensured that the imaging surface of the image capturing unit 122 coincides with the imaging surface of the projection lens 112, and the imaging surface should also coincide with the plane of the photo-curable resin of the printing system. The controller supplies a reference image to the imaging panel 111 of the three-dimensional printing apparatus 100, causing the imaging panel 111 to project a projection image via the projection lens 112. The controller simultaneously controls the bearing mechanism 121 to drive the image capturing unit 122 to move along the two-dimensional plane, and controls the image capturing unit 122 to capture a projection image. The controller calculates geometric distortion data of the projection lens 112 according to the physical position of the bearing mechanism 121, the photographed projection image and the reference image. In some embodiments, the image capture unit 122 captures a portion of the projected image rather than the entire projected image, at which time a sampled image is captured. The sampled image will be described later as an example. For example, the controller may determine coordinates of each light spot of the sampled image on the two-dimensional plane by means of the physical position of the bearing mechanism 121, and further determine a mapping relationship between the coordinates of each light spot and the coordinates of the corresponding reference pixel point of the reference image as the geometric distortion data.
The image capturing unit 122 may be a digital camera, for example. For example, the image capturing unit 122 may be a CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor ) camera and a CCD (Charge-coupled Device) camera, but the embodiment is not limited thereto, and a two-dimensional moving platform may not be used when the imaging surface of the image capturing unit is large enough.
In some examples, the positioning accuracy of the bearing mechanism 121 needs to reach ±0.01mm to meet the accuracy requirement of ±0.1 mm.
In one example shown in fig. 1, the three-dimensional printing apparatus 100 further includes a stage 130. The table 130 includes a material tank (not shown) for accommodating a photosensitive resin and a lifting table (not shown) for connecting a molded workpiece.
The exposure system 110 may use various known techniques capable of forming a projected image. For example, in one embodiment, the exposure system 110 may use digital light processing (Digital Light Procession, DLP) projection technology. DLP projection imaging techniques are implemented using digital micromirror elements (Digital Micro mirror Device, DMD) to control the reflection of light. The digital micromirror device can be regarded as a mirror. This mirror is composed of hundreds of thousands or even millions of micromirrors. Each micromirror represents a pixel from which the image is formed.
In another embodiment, exposure system 110 may also use Liquid Crystal (LCD) projection technology. The liquid crystal panel comprises a plurality of pixels, each pixel can independently control the polarization direction of polarized light, and the polarized light filters on two sides of the liquid crystal panel can control whether the light of one pixel passes through or not, so that the projection passing through the liquid crystal panel system is image-formed.
Whether it be DLP projection technology, LCD projection technology, or other similar technology, its resolution may be limited by the resolution of the device itself. For DLP projection technology, the resolution of the DMD device limits the resolution of the entire image exposure system. For LCD projection technology, the resolution of the liquid crystal panel also constrains the resolution of the entire image exposure system. However, by improving some part of these projection techniques, the resolution of the projected images they provide can be increased.
Fig. 2 is a flowchart of a three-dimensional printing method for correcting geometric distortion of a lens according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a reference image of a three-dimensional printing method for correcting geometric distortion of a lens according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 4 is a schematic view showing a projection of a reference image by a projection lens with geometrical distortion according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a printed image of a three-dimensional printing method for correcting geometric distortion of a lens according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The three-dimensional printing method for correcting the geometric distortion of the lens is described below with reference to fig. 1 to 5.
Step 210, providing a reference image to an imaging panel of the area array three-dimensional printing device, and enabling the imaging panel to project a projection image through a projection lens.
The reference image 30 is supplied to the imaging panel 111 of the three-dimensional printing apparatus 100, so that the imaging panel 111 projects the projection image 40 via the projection lens 112.
In one example shown in fig. 3, the reference image 30 has a rectangular shape. It will be appreciated that the reference image 30 may be any regular and/or irregular pattern or combination of the above.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the reference image 30 may be partitioned into a 3×3 rectangular array as shown in fig. 3, for example, and the partitioned reference image 30 includes 9 sub-images: sub-image 31, sub-image 32,. In order to reflect the distortion of the lens group, there may be some lattice, linear array or area array in each sub-image. For simplicity, each sub-image may contain a lattice. The lattice is a combination of some reference pixel points (e.g., 301-304) to be projected. The reference pixels may be closely spaced, but preferably there is one or more non-reference pixel spacing between the reference pixels to reduce processing resources. For example, the reference pixel may be used to project a light spot, rather than the reference pixel being projected, corresponding to a dark spot in the projected image 40.
It should be noted that the separation of the reference images may be adjusted according to the actual needs of those skilled in the art, and the present invention is not limited to the specific separation.
Referring to fig. 4, an image 30 is projected on an imaging panel 111 through a projection lens 112 to form a projected image 40. The projected image 40 is geometrically distorted compared to the reference image 30 shown in fig. 3. In one example shown in fig. 4, corresponding to reference image 30, projection image 40 also contains 9 sub-images, sub-image 41, sub-image 42,. Each sub-image may comprise one or more light spots, for example sub-image 41 may comprise light spots 401 and 402. The degree of geometric distortion of the projected image 40 gradually increases from the center of the image to the edges of the image.
Illustratively, the degree of geometric distortion of the center-positioned sub-image (sub-image 45) of projected image 40 compared to the center-positioned sub-image (sub-image 35) of reference image 30 is less than the degree of geometric distortion of the edge-positioned sub-image (e.g., sub-image 41) of projected image 40 compared to the edge-positioned sub-image (e.g., sub-image 31) of reference image 30.
At step 220, at least a portion of the light spots of the projected image are sampled by an image capturing unit located on the light exit side of the projection lens to obtain a sampled image set.
On the light exit side of the projection lens 112 there is an image capturing unit 122, the image capturing unit 122 sampling at least part of the light spots of the projection image 40 to obtain a sampled image set.
The image capturing unit 122 may be large enough to capture the entire projected image 40 or a substantial portion of the projected image 40 that needs to be captured at a time, resulting in one sampled image as the aforementioned set of sampled images. By way of example, one sampled image may be part of the projected image 40. For example, the sampled image may include one or more of sub-images 41, 42. The sampling image may be any adjacent or non-adjacent area in the projection image 40, but the present embodiment is not limited thereto.
Preferably, the image capturing unit 122 has a small size, and is capable of capturing one or more light spots, e.g., 1-10 light spots, in the projected image 40 at a time. Accordingly, the image capturing unit 122 is designed to be movable along a two-dimensional plane to a plurality of positions, where one or more spots of the projection image are acquired to obtain one sampled image, and the sampled images of the plurality of positions are formed into the aforementioned sampled image set. For example, the image capturing unit 122 may collect only one light spot (e.g. 401) at each location.
Here, since the size of one light spot is larger than the size of one pixel, the pixel at the geometric center of the light spot or the brightest pixel can be taken as a representative of the light spot.
At step 230, geometric distortion data of the projection lens is calculated from the sampled image set and the reference image.
The controller of the three-dimensional printing apparatus 100 may determine a mapping relationship between coordinates of each light spot of the sampling image on the two-dimensional plane and coordinates of a corresponding reference pixel point of the reference image as the geometric distortion data by means of the physical position of the bearing mechanism 121. More specifically, the controller obtains the two-dimensional coordinate values of the carriage 121 or the image capturing unit 122 when the sample image is sampled, and the physical coordinate values of the light spot in the sample image, thereby determining the physical coordinate values of the light spot in the two-dimensional plane. Further, a mapping relationship between physical coordinate values of the light spots in the two-dimensional plane in the sampling image and coordinates of each reference pixel point of the reference image 30 in the reference image is established as geometric distortion data of the projection lens 112. In some embodiments, the theoretical position of the light spot after the reference image 30 is projected onto the aforementioned two-dimensional plane may also be calculated, and the mapping relationship between the theoretical position of the light spot and the actual position may be used as the geometric distortion data. Preferably, the sampled image may be, for example, the projected image 40 shown in fig. 4.
And step 240, compensating the slice image data of the three-dimensional model to be printed according to the geometric distortion data to obtain compensated slice image data.
The three-dimensional model data is cut into a plurality of slice image data before being output to the imaging panel for printing. In this embodiment, these slice image data will be compensated for based on the geometric distortion data. The compensation can lead the slice image to be deformed reversely and offset the distortion caused by geometric distortion of the lens, so as to achieve the purpose of ensuring the accurate position of the pixel point of the projection image. Preferably, the geometric distortion data of the more complete pixel point is obtained by performing interpolation operation on the mapping relation between the coordinates of the non-reference pixel point in the reference image and the coordinates of the non-sampled light points in the sampled image according to the geometric distortion data obtained by the calculation.
Step 250, providing the compensated slice image data to an imaging panel of the three-dimensional printing device during the three-dimensional printing process. In this step, the compensated image is supplied to a print image provided to an imaging panel of the three-dimensional printing apparatus.
The print image provided to the imaging panel 111 of the three-dimensional printing apparatus 100 is adjusted according to the geometric distortion data of the projection lens 112 determined in step 230. The print images before and after adjustment are shown in fig. 5A and 5B, respectively. Compared to the pre-adjusted print image of fig. 5A, the post-adjusted print image of fig. 5B is correspondingly compensated for geometric distortion of projection lens 112. FIG. 6 is a flowchart of the steps of sampling at least a portion of the light points of a projected image to obtain a sampled image in a three-dimensional printing method that corrects for lens geometric distortion in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 6, in one embodiment of the invention, sampling at least a portion of the light spots of a projected image to obtain a sampled image comprises the steps of:
at step 610, the image capture unit is moved to a plurality of locations on the two-dimensional plane and one or more spots of the projected image are acquired at each location to form a sampled image.
Referring to fig. 1 and 4, the image capturing unit 122 is moved to a plurality of positions of the two-dimensional plane and acquires a plurality of light spots of the projection image 40. Illustratively, by moving the image capturing unit 122 to four positions in a two-dimensional plane, the light spots 401-404 on the projection image 40 can be acquired, respectively. In some examples, the image capture unit 122 may also be moved to more locations in the two-dimensional plane to acquire more spots of the projected image 40.
Step 620, the sampled images for the plurality of locations are organized into a sampled image set.
Wherein the plurality of spots 401-404 etc. constitute a sampled image 70 as shown in fig. 7.
In one embodiment, to accommodate the multiple sampling approach, the reference image may be equally divided into multiple projections, with the spots of the multiple projections at different locations making up a projected image such as that shown in fig. 4. One or more light spots are projected to a location at a time, allowing the image capturing unit 122 to acquire the light spots to obtain a sampled image.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional printing method for correcting geometric distortion of a lens according to an embodiment of the present invention. In one example shown in fig. 7, the image capturing unit 122 captures a plurality of light spots on the projected image 40 shown in fig. 4, including four light spots of a mark: spot 401, spot 402, spot 403 and spot 404. It should be appreciated that the moving image capture unit 122 may acquire any greater than or equal to 3 light points on the projected image 40. Preferably, the moving image capturing unit 122 may collect all light spots on the projected image 40 such that the sampled image is equal to the projected image 40. It will be appreciated that the spots may be acquired one or more times, an exemplary approach of which is described below.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the image capturing unit may be moved to a plurality of positions of the two-dimensional plane according to a preset sampling matrix. For example, in one example shown in FIG. 4, the image capture unit 122 may be moved to multiple locations on a two-dimensional plane and one or more spots of the projected image 40 acquired at each location according to a preset sampling matrix (not shown). The sampling matrix may be, for example, a 10 x 20 array.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the controller may first learn the position of the image capturing unit 122 from the carrying mechanism 121 during each projection, and inform the imaging panel 111 of the position information in a coordinate form. The imaging panel 111 may project corresponding light spots using reference pixel points according to the position where the image capturing unit 122 is located, so that the image capturing unit 122 can capture the light spots within a photographing range.
In some embodiments of the invention, the center of the sampling matrix may coincide with the spot 400 of the projected image 40. Preferably, the sampling matrix may cover the projection image 40.
Thereafter, the coordinates of the individual light spots of the sampled image in the two-dimensional plane can be determined. This can be determined by the position of the image capturing unit 122 in the two-dimensional plane and the coordinates of the individual light spots in the image capturing unit 122. Next, a mapping relationship between coordinates of the respective light spots in the two-dimensional plane and coordinates of corresponding reference pixel points of the reference image may be determined.
For example, referring to fig. 3 and 7, a mapping relationship between the coordinates of each point may be established according to the sampled image 70 acquired by the image capturing unit 122 and including four light points 401 to 404, and some reference pixel points 301 to 304 corresponding to the light points in the reference image 30. This rectangular to barrel distortion reflects the geometric distortion of the lens.
In an embodiment of the invention, the step of determining the geometric distortion of the projection lens according to the sampled image and the reference image further includes performing an interpolation operation on a mapping relationship between the non-sampled light points and corresponding non-reference pixel points of the reference image.
For example, interpolation may be performed on geometric distortion data of non-acquired pixels among the plurality of pixels in the sampled image 70 shown in fig. 7.
The controller of the three-dimensional printing apparatus 100 may determine the geometric distortion of the projection lens 112 by combining the mapping relationship and the interpolation result described above. A corresponding correction amount is calculated based on the geometric distortion, thereby reversely compensating the print image supplied to the imaging panel 111 of the three-dimensional printing apparatus 100.
The above embodiments of the present invention provide a three-dimensional printing method for correcting geometric distortion of a lens, which can effectively correct geometric distortion generated by a projection lens.
Another aspect of the present invention provides a method of correcting lens geometry distortion of a three-dimensional printing apparatus, which can effectively correct lens geometry distortion of the three-dimensional printing apparatus.
Referring to fig. 1, the three-dimensional printing apparatus 100 includes an exposure system 110, and the exposure system 110 includes an imaging panel 111 and a projection lens 112 positioned on the light-emitting side of the imaging panel 111.
In some examples, the three-dimensional printing apparatus 100 further includes an image capturing device 120 and a controller (not shown). The image capturing apparatus 120 includes a carrying mechanism 121 and an image capturing unit 122. The carrying mechanism 121 can drive the image capturing unit 122 to move along the two-dimensional plane at the light emitting side of the projection lens 112. The controller supplies a reference image to the imaging panel 111 of the three-dimensional printing apparatus 100, causing the imaging panel 111 to project a projection image via the projection lens 112. The controller simultaneously controls the bearing mechanism 121 to drive the image capturing unit 122 to move along the two-dimensional plane, and controls the image capturing unit 122 to capture a projection image. The controller compares the projection image to the reference image to determine the geometric distortion of the projection lens 112.
Referring to fig. 2, the method of correcting lens geometrical distortion of a three-dimensional printing apparatus includes the steps of:
step 210, providing a reference image to an imaging panel of the area array three-dimensional printing device, and enabling the imaging panel to project a projection image through a projection lens.
At step 220, at least part of the light spots of the projection image are sampled by an image capturing unit located at the light exit side of the projection lens to obtain a sampled image.
At step 230, geometric distortion data of the projection lens is calculated from the sampled image and the reference image.
For more details of these steps reference is made to the foregoing description, which is not repeated here.
Referring to fig. 6, in an embodiment of the present invention, the step of sampling at least part of the light spots of the projection image to obtain a sampled image includes:
at step 610, the image capturing unit is moved to a plurality of positions on the two-dimensional plane and one or more light spots are acquired at each position to form a sampled image.
The sampled images of the plurality of locations form a sampled image, step 620.
Further details of this embodiment are described with reference to the foregoing and will not be further elaborated herein.
The above embodiments of the present invention provide a method of correcting lens geometric distortion of a three-dimensional printing apparatus, which can effectively correct lens geometric distortion of the three-dimensional printing apparatus.
Another aspect of the present invention provides a three-dimensional printing apparatus that corrects lens geometric distortion, which can effectively correct geometric distortion generated by a lens group.
Fig. 8 is a controller architecture diagram of a three-dimensional printing apparatus for correcting geometric distortion of a lens according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to fig. 8, a controller 800 of the three-dimensional printing apparatus that corrects lens geometrical distortion may include a memory 810 and a processor 820. Memory 810 is used to store instructions that are executable by processor 820. Processor 820 is configured to execute instructions to implement the three-dimensional printing method described above that corrects lens geometry distortion.
In some embodiments of the application, the controller 800 also includes a communication port 830, an input/output device 840, and an internal communication bus 850.
The communication port 830 may be responsible for data communication between the controller 800 and an external device (not shown). The input/output device 840 may support input/output data streams and image streams between the controller 800 and other components. By way of example, the input/output device 840 may include one or more of the following components: keyboard, mouse, camera, display, scanner, touch screen, handwriting input pad, microphone, or any combination thereof. The input/output device 840 may input various numeric data, or various non-numeric data, such as graphics, video, audio, etc., into the controller 800. Internal communication bus 850 may enable data communication between components in controller 800.
It will be appreciated that a three-dimensional printing method for correcting geometric distortion of a lens of the present application is not limited to be implemented by one three-dimensional printing apparatus, but may be implemented cooperatively by a plurality of online three-dimensional printing apparatuses. The online three-dimensional printing device may be connected and communicate via a local area network or a wide area network.
Further implementation details of the three-dimensional printing apparatus of the present embodiment may be described with reference to the embodiments of fig. 1 to 8, and will not be expanded herein.
Another aspect of the application provides a computer readable medium storing computer program code which, when executed by a processor, implements the three-dimensional printing method described above for correcting lens geometrical distortion.
In one embodiment of the present application, the computer program code may implement the three-dimensional printing method described above for correcting lens geometric distortion when executed by the processor 820 in the controller 800 shown in fig. 8.
For example, a three-dimensional printing method for correcting geometric distortion of a lens of the present application may be implemented as a program of a three-dimensional printing method for correcting geometric distortion of a lens, stored in the memory 810, and loadable into the processor 820 for execution, so as to implement the method of the present application.
When a three-dimensional printing method for correcting geometric distortion of a lens of the present application is implemented as a computer program, it may also be stored in a computer readable medium having computer program code as an article of manufacture. For example, computer-readable storage media may include, but are not limited to, magnetic storage devices (e.g., hard disk, floppy disk, magnetic strips), optical disks (e.g., compact Disk (CD), digital Versatile Disk (DVD)), smart cards, and flash memory devices (e.g., electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), cards, sticks, key drives). Moreover, various storage media described herein can represent one or more devices and/or other machine-readable media for storing information. The term "machine-readable medium" can include, without being limited to, wireless channels and various other media (and/or storage media) capable of storing, containing, and/or carrying code and/or instructions and/or data.
It should be understood that the embodiments described above are illustrative only. The embodiments described herein may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, middleware, microcode, or any combination thereof. For a hardware implementation, the processing units may be implemented within one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), digital Signal Processors (DSPs), digital Signal Processing Devices (DSPDs), programmable Logic Devices (PLDs), field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), processors, controllers, micro-controllers, microprocessors, and/or other electronic units designed to perform the functions described herein, or a combination thereof.
While the basic concepts have been described above, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the foregoing disclosure is by way of example only and is not intended to be limiting. Although not explicitly described herein, various modifications, improvements and adaptations of the application may occur to one skilled in the art. Such modifications, improvements, and modifications are intended to be suggested within the present disclosure, and therefore, such modifications, improvements, and adaptations are intended to be within the spirit and scope of the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.
Meanwhile, the present application uses specific words to describe embodiments of the present application. Reference to "one embodiment," "an embodiment," and/or "some embodiments" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is associated with at least one embodiment of the application. Thus, it should be emphasized and should be appreciated that two or more references to "an embodiment" or "one embodiment" or "an alternative embodiment" in various positions in this specification are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, certain features, structures, or characteristics of one or more embodiments of the application may be combined as suitable.
The computer program code necessary for operation of portions of the present application may be written in any one or more programming languages, including an object oriented programming language such as Java, scala, smalltalk, eiffel, JADE, emerald, C ++, C#, VB. NET, python, and the like, a conventional programming language such as C language, visual Basic, fortran 2003, perl, COBOL 2002, PHP, ABAP, a dynamic programming language such as Python, ruby, and Groovy, or other programming languages and the like. The program code may execute entirely on the user's computer or as a stand-alone software package, partly on the user's computer and partly on a remote computer or entirely on the remote computer or server. In the latter scenario, the remote computer may be connected to the user's computer through any form of network, such as a Local Area Network (LAN) or a Wide Area Network (WAN), or the connection may be made to an external computer (for example, through the Internet), or the use of services such as software as a service (SaaS) in a cloud computing environment.
Furthermore, the order in which the elements and sequences are presented, the use of numerical letters, or other designations are used in the application is not intended to limit the sequence of the processes and methods unless specifically recited in the claims. While certain presently useful inventive embodiments have been discussed in the foregoing disclosure, by way of example, it is to be understood that such details are merely illustrative and that the appended claims are not limited to the disclosed embodiments, but, on the contrary, are intended to cover all modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the embodiments of the application. For example, while the system components described above may be implemented by hardware devices, they may also be implemented solely by software solutions, such as installing the described system on an existing server or mobile device.
Similarly, it should be appreciated that in order to simplify the present disclosure and thereby facilitate an understanding of one or more embodiments of the application, various features are sometimes grouped together in a single embodiment, figure, or description thereof. This method of disclosure, however, is not intended to imply that more features than are required by the subject application. Indeed, less than all of the features of a single embodiment disclosed above.
While the application has been described with reference to the specific embodiments presently, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the application, and various equivalent changes and substitutions may be made without departing from the spirit of the application, and therefore, all changes and modifications to the embodiments are intended to be within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (21)
1. A three-dimensional printing method for correcting geometric distortion of a lens comprises the following steps:
providing a reference image for an imaging panel of the area array three-dimensional printing device, enabling the imaging panel to project a projection image through a projection lens, wherein the reference image comprises a plurality of reference pixel points, and the projection image comprises a plurality of light spots corresponding to the plurality of reference pixel points;
Sampling at least part of the light spots of the projection image by an image capturing unit on the light emitting side of the projection lens to obtain a sampled image set, wherein the image capturing unit is arranged on a carrying mechanism on the light emitting side of the projection lens, and the method further comprises controlling the carrying mechanism to move along a two-dimensional plane to carry the image capturing unit to obtain the sampled image set; wherein the step of sampling at least part of the light spots of the projection image to obtain the set of sampled images comprises: moving the image capturing unit to a plurality of positions of the two-dimensional plane, and collecting one or more light points of the projection image at each position to obtain a sampling image, wherein the sampling images of the plurality of positions form the sampling image set;
calculating geometric distortion data of the projection lens according to the sampling image set and the reference image;
according to the geometric distortion data, compensating slice image data of the three-dimensional model to be printed to obtain compensated slice image data; and
the compensated slice image data is provided to an imaging panel of the three-dimensional printing device during three-dimensional printing.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the reference image is divided into a plurality of projections, and the spots of the plurality of projections at different locations constitute the projected image.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein each time the one or more light points are projected, the image capturing unit is moved to a corresponding position of the two-dimensional plane according to a preset sampling matrix.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein the imaging panel projects a corresponding spot of light at each projection based on the location of the image capturing unit, such that the projected spot of light can be captured by the image capturing unit.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein calculating geometric distortion data of the projection lens from the set of sampled images and the reference image comprises:
determining coordinates of each light spot of the sampled image in the two-dimensional plane;
and determining the mapping relation between the coordinates of each light spot in the two-dimensional plane and the coordinates of the corresponding reference pixel point of the reference image.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein each reference pixel of the reference image is separated by one or more non-reference pixels, each light spot of the sampled image set is separated by one or more non-sampled light spots, and the step of calculating geometric distortion data of the projection lens from the sampled image set and the reference image further comprises interpolating a mapping relationship of the non-sampled light spots to corresponding non-reference pixels of the reference image.
7. A method of correcting lens geometry distortion of a three-dimensional printing apparatus, the three-dimensional printing apparatus comprising an exposure system comprising an imaging panel and a projection lens positioned on a light exit side of the imaging panel, the method comprising the steps of:
providing a reference image for an imaging panel of the area array three-dimensional printing device, enabling the imaging panel to project a projection image through a projection lens, wherein the reference image comprises a plurality of reference pixel points, and the projection image comprises a plurality of light spots corresponding to the plurality of reference pixel points;
sampling at least part of the light spots of the projection image by an image capturing unit on the light emitting side of the projection lens to obtain a sampled image set, wherein the image capturing unit is arranged on a carrying mechanism on the light emitting side of the projection lens, and the method further comprises controlling the carrying mechanism to move along a two-dimensional plane to carry the image capturing unit to obtain the sampled image set; wherein the step of sampling at least part of the light spots of the projection image to obtain a set of sampled images comprises: moving the image capturing unit to a plurality of positions of the two-dimensional plane, and collecting one or more light points of the projection image at each position to obtain a sampling image, wherein the sampling images of the plurality of positions form the sampling image set;
And calculating geometric distortion data of the projection lens according to the sampling image set and the reference image.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the reference image is divided into a plurality of projections, and the spots of the plurality of projections at different locations comprise the projected image.
9. The method of claim 7, wherein calculating geometric distortion data of the projection lens from the sampled image and the reference image comprises:
determining coordinates of each light spot of the sampled image in the two-dimensional plane;
and determining the mapping relation between the coordinates of each light spot in the two-dimensional plane and the coordinates of the corresponding reference pixel point of the reference image.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein each reference pixel of the reference image is separated by one or more non-reference pixels, each light spot of the sampled image is separated by one or more non-sampled light spots, and the step of calculating geometric distortion data of the projection lens from the sampled image set and the reference image further comprises interpolating a mapping of the non-sampled light spots to corresponding non-reference pixels of the reference image.
11. An area array three-dimensional printing device for correcting geometric distortion of a lens, comprising:
the exposure system comprises an imaging panel and a projection lens positioned on the light emergent side of the imaging panel;
an image capturing apparatus including an image capturing unit;
a controller configured to:
providing a reference image to the imaging panel, enabling the imaging panel to project a projection image through the projection lens, wherein the reference image comprises a plurality of reference pixel points, and the projection image comprises a plurality of light spots corresponding to the plurality of reference pixel points;
controlling the image capturing unit to sample at least part of the light points of the projection image to obtain a sampled image set, wherein the image capturing unit is arranged on a bearing mechanism positioned on the light emitting side of the projection lens, and the controller is further configured to control the bearing mechanism to move along a two-dimensional plane so as to carry the image capturing unit to obtain the sampled image set; wherein the step of sampling at least part of the light spots of the projection image to obtain the set of sampled images comprises: moving the image capturing unit to a plurality of positions of the two-dimensional plane, and collecting one or more light points of the projection image at each position to obtain a sampling image, wherein the sampling images of the plurality of positions form the sampling image set;
And calculating geometric distortion data of the projection lens according to the sampling image set and the reference image.
12. The three-dimensional printing device of claim 11, wherein the image capture apparatus further comprises a carriage mechanism on the light exit side of the projection lens, the carriage mechanism adapted to carry the image capture unit for movement along a two-dimensional plane.
13. The three-dimensional printing device of claim 12, wherein the controller is configured to control the image capturing unit to take the projected image in the following manner:
moving the image capturing unit to a plurality of positions of the two-dimensional plane, and collecting one or more light points of the projection image at each position to obtain a sampling image; and
wherein the sampled images of the plurality of locations constitute the sampled image set.
14. The three-dimensional printing device of claim 13, wherein the controller is configured to divide the reference image into a plurality of projections, the plurality of projections of light spots at different locations constituting the projected image.
15. The three-dimensional printing device of claim 14, wherein the controller is configured to control the image capture unit to move to a corresponding position of the two-dimensional plane according to a preset sampling matrix each time the one or more light points are projected.
16. The three-dimensional printing device of claim 14, wherein the controller is configured to control the imaging panel to project a corresponding light spot according to a position of the image capturing unit at each projection so that the projected light spot can be collected by the image capturing unit.
17. The three-dimensional printing device of claim 12 or 13, wherein the step of calculating geometric distortion data of the projection lens from the sampled image and the reference image comprises:
determining coordinates of each light spot of the sampled image in the two-dimensional plane;
and determining the mapping relation between the coordinates of each light spot in the two-dimensional plane and the coordinates of the corresponding reference pixel point of the reference image.
18. The three-dimensional printing device of claim 17, wherein each reference pixel of the reference image is separated by one or more non-reference pixels, each light point of the sampled image set is separated by one or more non-sampled light points, and the step of calculating geometric distortion data of the projection lens from the sampled image set and the reference image further comprises interpolating a mapping relationship of the non-sampled light points to corresponding non-reference pixels of the reference image.
19. The three-dimensional printing apparatus of claim 12, wherein said image capturing unit is detachably disposed on said carrying mechanism.
20. A three-dimensional printing apparatus that corrects geometric distortion of a lens, comprising:
a memory for storing instructions executable by the processor;
a processor for executing the instructions to implement the method of any one of claims 1-6.
21. A computer readable medium storing computer program code which, when executed by a processor, implements the method of any of claims 1-6.
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