CN113522246A - Water surface floating oil adsorbent prepared based on agricultural wastes and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Water surface floating oil adsorbent prepared based on agricultural wastes and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113522246A
CN113522246A CN202110782081.5A CN202110782081A CN113522246A CN 113522246 A CN113522246 A CN 113522246A CN 202110782081 A CN202110782081 A CN 202110782081A CN 113522246 A CN113522246 A CN 113522246A
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stirring
water surface
agricultural
floating oil
agricultural wastes
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杨晨曦
张海欧
王健
郭振
卢垟杰
师晨迪
孙小梅
周航
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Shaanxi Land Engineering Technology Research Institute Co Ltd
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Shaanxi Land Engineering Technology Research Institute Co Ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/22Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
    • B01J20/24Naturally occurring macromolecular compounds, e.g. humic acids or their derivatives
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/28Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J20/28002Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
    • B01J20/28011Other properties, e.g. density, crush strength
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/28Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
    • C02F1/286Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using natural organic sorbents or derivatives thereof
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/40Devices for separating or removing fatty or oily substances or similar floating material
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02BHYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B15/00Cleaning or keeping clear the surface of open water; Apparatus therefor
    • E02B15/04Devices for cleaning or keeping clear the surface of open water from oil or like floating materials by separating or removing these materials
    • E02B15/10Devices for removing the material from the surface
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/20Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
    • Y02A20/204Keeping clear the surface of open water from oil spills

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)

Abstract

A preparation method for preparing a water surface floating oil adsorbent based on agricultural wastes comprises the following steps; 1) adding an alkaline solution into the dried and crushed agricultural waste, stirring, rinsing, and collecting solids to obtain hydroxylated agricultural waste; 2) under the condition of stirring, dripping a hydrophobic silane coupling agent into an anhydrous organic solvent, and continuously stirring to obtain a modified solution; 3) adding the hydroxylated agricultural waste obtained in the step 1) into the modified liquid prepared in the step 2) under the stirring condition, continuously stirring, filtering, rinsing, collecting solids, and drying to obtain the water surface floating oil adsorbent. The invention has simple process, degradable base material, high adsorption performance, reusability and low cost.

Description

Water surface floating oil adsorbent prepared based on agricultural wastes and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural waste treatment, in particular to a water surface floating oil adsorbent prepared based on agricultural waste and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In recent years, petroleum pollution and urbanization progress are increasingly serious, offshore oil spillage and oily wastewater seriously threaten the safety of water bodies and human beings, and in order to solve the oil leakage problems, various methods such as combustion, chemical degradation, adsorption materials, separation materials and the like are used for solving the problems, wherein the adsorption materials are one of effective methods for removing the oily wastewater. At present, adsorption materials are mostly concentrated on industrial synthesis, such as porous materials like sponge, however, the industrial materials have limitations in practical application, for example, most of the synthesized materials have amphiphilic property, can adsorb organic pollutants and water, and cannot selectively adsorb floating oil on water surface, so that the effective adsorption rate of the materials is limited, and in addition, the industrially synthesized porous materials have difficult degradability and may bring secondary pollution to the environment.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems of organic pollution on water surface and oil spill on sea surface, the adsorbent with high adsorption performance is prepared by using a material synthesis process, the technical problems of complex synthesis process, time and high cost and difficult degradation in the existing preparation method are solved, and the water surface floating oil adsorbent prepared based on agricultural wastes and the preparation method thereof are provided.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
an adsorbent for preparing floating oil on water surface based on agricultural wastes is composed of agricultural wastes with adsorption property and a surface hydrophobic coating.
A preparation method for preparing a water surface floating oil adsorbent based on agricultural wastes comprises the following steps;
1) pretreating agricultural wastes;
adding an alkaline solution into the dried and crushed agricultural waste, stirring, rinsing, and collecting solids to obtain hydroxylated agricultural waste;
2) preparation of modified liquid
Under the condition of stirring, dripping a hydrophobic silane coupling agent into an anhydrous organic solvent, and continuously stirring to obtain a modified solution;
3) hydroxylated agricultural waste dip-coating
Adding the hydroxylated agricultural waste obtained in the step 1) into the modified liquid prepared in the step 2) under the stirring condition, continuously stirring, filtering, rinsing, collecting solids, and drying to obtain the water surface floating oil adsorbent.
Further, the method comprises the following steps of; in the step 1), adding an alkaline solution with the pH of 9-12 into the dried and crushed agricultural waste, wherein the alkaline solution is sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide; the agricultural waste is one or a combination of more of straw, rapeseed dregs, waste wood or nitrariatangutorum seed dregs;
stirring at 10-30 deg.C for 5-20min, filtering with medium speed filter paper, washing with pure water and anhydrous ethanol, and collecting solid to obtain hydroxylated agricultural waste.
Further, the method comprises the following steps of; the ratio of the alkaline solution to the solid waste in the step 1) is 1: 20.
Further, the method comprises the following steps of; in the step 2), under the stirring condition, dripping a silane coupling agent into an anhydrous solvent, and continuously stirring for 5-20min at 10-30 ℃ to obtain a modified solution;
in the modifying liquid, the content of a silane coupling agent is 0.5-2 wt%, and the modifying agent is Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS);
the anhydrous solvent is one or a combination of toluene, cyclohexane, absolute ethyl alcohol and ethyl acetate.
Further, the method comprises the following steps of; in the step 3), under the stirring condition, adding the hydroxylated agricultural waste meal obtained in the step 1) into the modified liquid prepared in the step 2) until the hydroxylated agricultural waste meal is completely immersed, continuously stirring for 5-20min at 10-30 ℃, filtering by using medium-speed filter paper, rinsing by using pure water and absolute ethyl alcohol, collecting solids, and drying at 10-30 ℃ to obtain the water surface floating oil adsorbent.
Further, the method comprises the following steps of; the drying conditions are 1-30 ℃.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the water surface floating oil adsorbent provided by the invention, the adsorbent which has hydrophobicity and only adsorbs oily substances is prepared by using a simple modification process, natural agricultural wastes are used as base materials, and the wastes are recycled, so that the base materials are easy to obtain, the cost is reduced, and the material can be rapidly degraded and shows better environment-friendly performance.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
Example 1
Adding the dried and crushed rapeseed meal powder into a sodium hydroxide solution with the pH value of 10, and collecting the rapeseed meal powder through processes of stirring, rinsing and the like to obtain hydroxylated rapeseed meal powder; under the condition of stirring, 1 wt% of PDMS is dripped into ethyl acetate, and the mixture is continuously stirred for 15min at 15 ℃ to obtain a modification solution; adding the pretreated rapeseed meal powder into the prepared modifying solution under stirring condition until the rapeseed meal powder is completely submerged, continuously stirring for 10min at 20 ℃, filtering, rinsing with pure water and absolute ethyl alcohol, collecting the solid, and drying at 25 ℃.
Example 2
Adding the dried and crushed rapeseed meal powder into a potassium hydroxide solution with the pH value of 11, and collecting the rapeseed meal powder through processes of stirring, rinsing and the like to obtain hydroxylated rapeseed meal powder; under the condition of stirring, 2 wt% of PDMS is dripped into ethyl acetate, and the mixture is continuously stirred for 15min at 15 ℃ to obtain a modification solution; adding the pretreated rapeseed meal powder into the prepared modifying solution under stirring condition until the rapeseed meal powder is completely submerged, continuously stirring for 15min at 20 ℃, filtering, rinsing with pure water and absolute ethyl alcohol, collecting the solid, and drying at 25 ℃.
Example 3
Adding the dried and crushed straw powder into a sodium hydroxide solution with the pH value of 10, and collecting rapeseed meal powder through processes of stirring, rinsing and the like to obtain hydroxylated rapeseed meal powder; under the condition of stirring, 1 wt% of PDMS is dripped into ethyl acetate, and the mixture is continuously stirred for 15min at 15 ℃ to obtain a modification solution; adding the pretreated rapeseed meal powder into the prepared modifying solution under stirring condition until the rapeseed meal powder is completely submerged, continuously stirring for 10min at 20 ℃, filtering, rinsing with pure water and absolute ethyl alcohol, collecting the solid, and drying at 25 ℃.
Example 4
Adding the dried and crushed straw powder into a potassium hydroxide solution with the pH value of 11, and collecting rapeseed meal powder through processes of stirring, rinsing and the like to obtain hydroxylated rapeseed meal powder; under the condition of stirring, 1.5 wt% of PDMS is dripped into ethyl acetate, and the mixture is continuously stirred for 15min at 15 ℃ to obtain a modification solution; adding the pretreated rapeseed meal powder into the prepared modifying solution under stirring condition until the rapeseed meal powder is completely submerged, continuously stirring for 15min at 20 ℃, filtering, rinsing with pure water and absolute ethyl alcohol, collecting the solid, and drying at 25 ℃.
The hydrophobicity of the invention enables the adsorbing material to only adsorb organic solvent but not water, thereby improving the effective adsorption rate of the material. In addition, the degradability avoids the problem of secondary environmental pollution caused by the material after use.
The natural agricultural wastes are composed of cellulose, lignin and hemicellulose, so that the natural agricultural wastes have good degradability. In addition, natural agricultural wastes mostly have porous properties, and thus, they naturally have adsorption properties. However, the current natural agricultural wastes still have limitations in being used as adsorbents, for example, the amphiphilic property of the natural agricultural wastes limits the adsorption rate of materials. Therefore, the agricultural wastes are modified into hydrophobic property, so that the organic solvent adsorption performance of the material can be improved, and the efficiency of treating the floating oil on the water surface is improved.
The original structure of the rapeseed meal of the oil slick adsorbent prepared based on the rapeseed meal substrate in example 1 is smoother in surface, however, there are more wrinkles on the smooth surface, and this rougher structure provides higher oil absorption capacity. The PDMS hydrophobic coating coated on the surface of the rapeseed meal substrate causes the surface morphological characteristics of the modified material to be coarser than that of the rapeseed meal substrate, and the novel modified adsorbent combines the degradability and adsorbability of agricultural wastes and the advantages of the PDMS coating, is favorable for improving the hydrophobicity/lipophilicity of the material, enables the prepared material to have the high organic solvent adsorption characteristic, and further improves the treatment of oily wastewater and sea surface oil spill.
In order to understand the adsorption effect of the oil slick adsorbent prepared according to the present invention, the following tests were performed using the oil slick adsorbents prepared in examples 1 and 3.
Experimental example 1
2g of the rapeseed meal powder sample prepared in the example 1 is taken, placed into a non-woven fabric bag, and then placed into wastewater with surface containing floating oil, the non-woven fabric bag is taken out until the adsorption reaches an equilibrium state, and the adsorption equation is shown as the formula (1):
Q=(Mt–Mi)/Mi (1)
q is the adsorption amount (g g)-1),MtFor adsorption at any time, MiTo balance the adsorption capacity.
TABLE 1
Figure RE-GDA0003268623880000051
Experimental example 2
2g of the straw powder sample prepared in the example 3 is taken and put into a non-woven fabric bag, then waste water with floating oil on the surface is put into the non-woven fabric bag, the non-woven fabric bag is taken out until the adsorption reaches an equilibrium state, and the adsorption amount and the adsorption rate are calculated by using the formula (1).
TABLE 2
Figure RE-GDA0003268623880000061
Experimental results show that the modified agricultural waste water surface floating oil adsorbent has a good effect on treating the water surface floating oil pollution problem.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and not for limiting the same, and it is obvious for a person skilled in the art to modify the specific technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or to substitute part of the technical features, and these modifications or substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions protected by the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. A preparation method for preparing a water surface floating oil adsorbent based on agricultural wastes is characterized by comprising the following steps;
1) pretreating agricultural wastes;
adding an alkaline solution into the dried and crushed agricultural waste, stirring, rinsing, and collecting solids to obtain hydroxylated agricultural waste;
2) preparation of modified liquid
Under the condition of stirring, dripping a hydrophobic silane coupling agent into an anhydrous organic solvent, and continuously stirring to obtain a modified solution;
3) hydroxylated agricultural waste dip-coating
Adding the hydroxylated agricultural waste obtained in the step 1) into the modified liquid prepared in the step 2) under the stirring condition, continuously stirring, filtering, rinsing, collecting solids, and drying to obtain the water surface floating oil adsorbent.
2. The method for preparing the floating oil adsorbent on the water surface based on the agricultural wastes according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1), an alkaline solution with the pH of 9-12 is added into the dried and crushed agricultural wastes, and the alkaline solution is sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide; the agricultural waste is one or a combination of more of straw, rapeseed dregs, waste wood or nitrariatangutorum seed dregs;
stirring at 10-30 deg.C for 5-20min, filtering with medium speed filter paper, washing with pure water and anhydrous ethanol, and collecting solid to obtain hydroxylated agricultural waste.
3. The method for preparing the floating oil adsorbent on the water surface based on the agricultural wastes according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the alkaline solution to the solid wastes in the step 1) is 1: 20.
4. The method for preparing the floating oil adsorbent on the water surface based on the agricultural wastes according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2), a silane coupling agent is dripped into an anhydrous solvent under stirring, and the stirring is continuously carried out for 5-20min at 10-30 ℃ to obtain a modified solution;
in the modifying liquid, the content of a silane coupling agent is 0.5-2 wt%, and the modifying agent is Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS).
5. The method for preparing the floating oil adsorbent on the water surface based on the agricultural wastes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the anhydrous solvent is one or a combination of toluene, cyclohexane, anhydrous ethanol and ethyl acetate.
6. The method for preparing the water surface oil slick adsorbent based on the agricultural wastes according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3), the hydroxylated agricultural waste meal obtained in the step 1) is added into the modified solution prepared in the step 2) under stirring condition until the modified solution is completely immersed, the modified solution is continuously stirred for 5-20min at 10-30 ℃, medium-speed filter paper is used for filtering, pure water and absolute ethyl alcohol are used for rinsing, solids are collected, and the dried solution is dried at 10-30 ℃ to obtain the water surface oil slick adsorbent.
7. The method for preparing the floating oil adsorbent on the water surface based on the agricultural wastes as claimed in claim 6, wherein the drying condition is 1-30 ℃.
CN202110782081.5A 2021-07-12 2021-07-12 Water surface floating oil adsorbent prepared based on agricultural wastes and preparation method thereof Pending CN113522246A (en)

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Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102872811A (en) * 2012-08-02 2013-01-16 华南理工大学 Water body oil-spilling adsorbent prepared from modified agricultural straws, and preparation method and application of water body oil-spilling adsorbent
CN104971702A (en) * 2015-05-21 2015-10-14 四川大学 Preparation method of collagen-based porous oil-absorbing material
CN105056901A (en) * 2015-07-31 2015-11-18 东北林业大学 Superhydrophobic and super-oleophilic adsorbent with straw as raw material and preparation method thereof
CN105964231A (en) * 2016-05-24 2016-09-28 东北林业大学 Preparation method for magnetic recoverable super-hydrophobic super-oleophylic adsorbent by taking wood flour as raw material
KR101938616B1 (en) * 2017-07-28 2019-04-10 강원대학교산학협력단 Eco Friendly Oil Absorbent and Manufacturing Method Thereof
CN111296425A (en) * 2020-03-31 2020-06-19 陕西地建土地工程技术研究院有限责任公司 Preparation method of light-operated pesticide release control agent and light-operated pesticide release control agent
CN112403443A (en) * 2020-03-31 2021-02-26 董晓明 Oil absorption material for wastewater treatment

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102872811A (en) * 2012-08-02 2013-01-16 华南理工大学 Water body oil-spilling adsorbent prepared from modified agricultural straws, and preparation method and application of water body oil-spilling adsorbent
CN104971702A (en) * 2015-05-21 2015-10-14 四川大学 Preparation method of collagen-based porous oil-absorbing material
CN105056901A (en) * 2015-07-31 2015-11-18 东北林业大学 Superhydrophobic and super-oleophilic adsorbent with straw as raw material and preparation method thereof
CN105964231A (en) * 2016-05-24 2016-09-28 东北林业大学 Preparation method for magnetic recoverable super-hydrophobic super-oleophylic adsorbent by taking wood flour as raw material
KR101938616B1 (en) * 2017-07-28 2019-04-10 강원대학교산학협력단 Eco Friendly Oil Absorbent and Manufacturing Method Thereof
CN111296425A (en) * 2020-03-31 2020-06-19 陕西地建土地工程技术研究院有限责任公司 Preparation method of light-operated pesticide release control agent and light-operated pesticide release control agent
CN112403443A (en) * 2020-03-31 2021-02-26 董晓明 Oil absorption material for wastewater treatment

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