CN113522230B - Mineral adsorbent and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Mineral adsorbent and preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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CN113522230B
CN113522230B CN202110853325.4A CN202110853325A CN113522230B CN 113522230 B CN113522230 B CN 113522230B CN 202110853325 A CN202110853325 A CN 202110853325A CN 113522230 B CN113522230 B CN 113522230B
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illite
grinding
wollastonite
gypsum
mineral adsorbent
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CN113522230A (en
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陈功宁
林毅
林华
张学洪
曾鸿鹄
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Guilin University of Technology
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Guilin University of Technology
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/04—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
    • B01J20/043—Carbonates or bicarbonates, e.g. limestone, dolomite, aragonite
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/04—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
    • B01J20/045—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or magnesium containing sulfur, e.g. sulfates, thiosulfates, gypsum
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/10—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/10—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate
    • B01J20/12—Naturally occurring clays or bleaching earth
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
    • B09C1/08—Reclamation of contaminated soil chemically
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
    • C02F1/281—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using inorganic sorbents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2220/00—Aspects relating to sorbent materials
    • B01J2220/40—Aspects relating to the composition of sorbent or filter aid materials
    • B01J2220/42—Materials comprising a mixture of inorganic materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2220/00—Aspects relating to sorbent materials
    • B01J2220/40—Aspects relating to the composition of sorbent or filter aid materials
    • B01J2220/48—Sorbents characterised by the starting material used for their preparation
    • B01J2220/4806—Sorbents characterised by the starting material used for their preparation the starting material being of inorganic character
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
    • C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
  • Water Treatment By Sorption (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of environment functional materials, and particularly relates to a mineral adsorbent and a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method of the mineral adsorbent provided by the invention comprises the following steps: wet grinding illite, wollastonite, gypsum, dolomite and calcium carbonate to obtain mixed powder; roasting the mixed powder to obtain the mineral adsorbent; the weight ratio of the illite, the wollastonite, the gypsum, the dolomite and the calcium carbonate is (1-3) to (0.5-2) to (2-4) to (0-20). According to the preparation method provided by the invention, illite, wollastonite, gypsum, dolomite and calcium carbonate are used as raw materials, and the mineral adsorbent obtained by wet grinding, mixing and activating during roasting has high removal rate when used for treating heavy metals in a solution.

Description

Mineral adsorbent and preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of environment functional materials, and particularly relates to a mineral adsorbent and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
With the rapid development of modern society industry, a large amount of polluted water containing heavy metals is discharged every year in the industries of chemical industry, electronics, instruments, electroplating and the like, and water bodies discharged nearby a mining area also contain heavy metals. If the polluted water containing heavy metals is directly discharged into rivers and lakes without treatment, animals and plants in the water can be harmed, the ecological environment of the water body is destroyed, the polluted water can also be enriched in the animals, plants and crops, and finally enters the human body through a food chain, so that the polluted water is finally enriched in the human body and seriously harms the health of the human body.
At present, the method for treating heavy metals in wastewater mainly comprises the following steps: chemical precipitation, redox, adsorption, bioflocculation, and the like. The chemical precipitation method, the oxidation-reduction method, the biological flocculation method and the like have the problems of large investment, high operation cost, low efficiency, difficult operation, easy secondary pollution, incapability of well solving heavy metal pollution and the like, and have certain limitation in practical application. Thus, the adsorption method is widely used in practical applications. The adsorbent has a large number of holes, large contact area, strong adsorption capacity on heavy metal ions due to the action of surface activity and the like, so that the heavy metal in the wastewater can be efficiently removed, and the adsorbent is favored by various fields all the time.
The key point of the adsorption method for treating the heavy metal wastewater lies in the selection of an efficient and economic adsorption material. The existing adsorption material is more, the common activated carbon can adsorb various heavy metal ions, the adsorption capacity is large, the ion adsorption effect on heavy metals in wastewater is good, but the cost is higher, the loss in the regeneration process is larger, and the application of the adsorption material is limited to a certain extent. Chinese patent CN106076249A provides a method for preparing a heavy metal particle adsorbent by using modified bentonite, which is suitable for adsorbing heavy metal ions in electroplating wastewater, but the heavy metal removal rate of heavy metal particles prepared by using modified bentonite is still poor.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a mineral adsorbent, and a preparation method and an application thereof.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a preparation method of a mineral adsorbent, which comprises the following steps:
wet grinding illite, wollastonite, gypsum, dolomite and calcium carbonate to obtain mixed powder;
roasting the mixed powder to obtain the mineral adsorbent;
the weight ratio of the illite, the wollastonite, the gypsum, the dolomite and the calcium carbonate is (1-3) to (0.5-2) to (2-4) to (0-20).
Preferably, the roasting temperature is 900-1100 ℃, the roasting time is 0.5-2 h, and the heating rate of heating from room temperature to the roasted temperature is 15-25 ℃/min.
Preferably, the wet milling comprises the steps of:
mixing the illite, wollastonite, gypsum, dolomite, calcium carbonate and a grinding aid, and then mixing with ball milling beads for wet milling;
the ball milling beads comprise first-stage matched ball milling beads, second-stage matched ball milling beads and third-stage matched ball milling beads, the diameter of each first-stage matched ball milling bead is 1.3-2 cm, the diameter of each second-stage matched ball milling bead is 0.8-1.2 cm, and the diameter of each third-stage matched ball milling bead is 0.1-0.6 cm.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the total mass of the illite, the wollastonite, the gypsum, the dolomite and the calcium carbonate to the grinding aid is (1-10): 1.
Preferably, the rotation frequency during wet grinding is 100-300 r/min, and the wet grinding time is 20-120 min.
Preferably, the ball-to-material ratio in the wet grinding is (3-5) balls to 15g.
Preferably, the number ratio of the first-stage ball-matching grinding beads to the second-stage ball-matching grinding beads to the third-stage ball-matching grinding beads is (1-2) to (1-2) in the ratio.
The invention provides the mineral adsorbent prepared by the preparation method in the technical scheme, and the mineral adsorbent comprises silicate with an irregular lamellar structure.
The invention provides application of the mineral substance adsorbent in the technical scheme in treatment of heavy metal polluted liquid or heavy metal polluted soil.
Preferably, the heavy metal comprises Pb 2+ And/or Cd 2+ 。
The invention provides a preparation method of a mineral adsorbent, which comprises the following steps: carrying out wet grinding on illite, wollastonite, gypsum, dolomite and calcium carbonate to obtain mixed powder; roasting the mixed powder to obtain the mineral adsorbent; the weight ratio of the illite, the wollastonite, the gypsum, the dolomite and the calcium carbonate is (1-3) to (0.5-2) to (2-4) to (0-20). The preparation method provided by the invention fully mixes the raw materials through wet grinding so as to improve the effective contact area of the raw materials in the roasting process and improve the activation reaction efficiency in the roasting process, and simultaneously controls the quantity and the proportion of the substances of illite, wollastonite, gypsum, dolomite and calcium carbonate, so that the wollastonite, the gypsum, the dolomite and the calcium carbonate can destroy the Si-Al-O stable structure in the illite during the roasting process, and the melting temperature of a mixture system is reduced, so that the illite is subjected to a rapid activation reaction in the melting condition, and the illite is promoted to be subjected to disordered conversion, and the preparation method specifically comprises the following steps: k with larger ionic radius in illite + Ca in auxiliary materials (wollastonite, gypsum, dolomite and calcium carbonate) 2+ And Mg 2+ The substitute, the generated mineral adsorbent contains a large amount of exchangeable active Ca in the interlayer or pore canal 2+ And Mg 2+ The capacity of exchanging heavy metal ions in sewage is stronger; meanwhile, activation promotes the adjustment and deformation of Si-O tetrahedron and Al-O octahedron structures in the illite structural unit, and the aluminum tetrahedron [ AlO 4 ] 5- Al in (1) 3+ A large amount of Si in auxiliary materials (wollastonite, gypsum, dolomite and calcium carbonate) 4+ Replacing to obtain SiO on the surface of the mineral adsorbent, in the interlayer region and in the pore channel 4 4- And SiO ionized from mineral adsorbent in liquid 4 4- Can react with heavy metal ions in the liquid to form heavy metal ion silicate insoluble precipitate; in addition, silanol groups and aluminum alcohol groups formed by bond breaking at the edge of the mineral adsorbent increase active adsorption sites and can generate electrostatic attraction with heavy metal ions. Through the three aspects, the mineral substance adsorbent provided by the invention has the advantages that when used for treating heavy metal pollutants in liquidHigher removal rate. The results of the examples show that the mineral adsorbent provided by the invention can be used for adsorbing Pb in liquid at 25 ℃ and the pH value of the liquid is 5 2+ The removal rate of the catalyst is 97.91 percent, the adsorption capacity is 277.78mg/g, and the catalyst is used for removing Cd in liquid 2+ The removal rate of (A) is 83.13%, the adsorption capacity is 69.51mg/g, and the adsorption balance can be achieved only in 30min.
The preparation method of the mineral adsorbent provided by the invention has the advantages of simple and convenient process, easy operation, cheap price and wide source of the used raw materials, and easy realization of industrial production products.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a scanning electron micrograph of a mineral adsorbent prepared in example 1;
FIG. 2 shows the pH of the solution versus Pb adsorption by the mineral adsorbent in example 1 2+ An influence graph of the effect;
FIG. 3 shows the pH value of the solution in example 1 versus the adsorption of Cd by the mineral adsorbent 2+ An influence graph of the effect;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing Pb adsorption by the mineral adsorbent in example 1 2+ An influence graph of the effect;
FIG. 5 shows adsorption of Cd by mineral adsorbent in example 1 2+ An influence graph of the effect;
FIG. 6 shows the pair of mineral adsorbents prepared in example 1 for Pb 2+ Adsorption isotherms of (a);
FIG. 7 shows the pair of mineral adsorbents Cd prepared in example 1 2+ Adsorption isotherms of (a);
FIG. 8 is a graph of the mineral adsorbent prepared in example 1 versus simulated Pb 2+ And Cd 2+ A graph of adsorption effect of mixed contaminated irrigation water as it is treated over time;
FIG. 9 is a graph of the mineral adsorbent prepared in example 1 versus simulated Pb 2+ And Cd 2+ Graph of mineral element dissolution rate as a function of time for treatment of mixed contaminated irrigation water.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a preparation method of a mineral adsorbent, which comprises the following steps:
wet grinding illite, wollastonite, gypsum, dolomite and calcium carbonate to obtain mixed powder;
roasting the mixed powder to obtain the mineral adsorbent;
the weight ratio of the illite, the wollastonite, the gypsum, the dolomite and the calcium carbonate is (1-3) to (0.5-2) to (2-4) to (0-20).
In the present invention, unless otherwise specified, all the starting materials are commercially available products well known to those skilled in the art.
According to the invention, illite, wollastonite, gypsum, dolomite and calcium carbonate are subjected to wet grinding to obtain mixed powder.
In the present invention, the particle size of the illite is preferably < 150 μm, more preferably < 75 μm; the water content of the illite is preferably less than or equal to 3 percent.
In the present invention, the illite is preferably subjected to a pretreatment, and in the present invention, the pretreatment preferably includes: sequentially crushing, screening and drying; the invention has no special requirements on the specific implementation process of the crushing; in the present invention, the mesh number of the screen for screening is preferably not less than 100 mesh, more preferably not less than 200 mesh; in the present invention, the drying temperature is preferably 70 to 150 ℃, more preferably 80 to 120 ℃, and the drying time is preferably 6 to 12 hours, more preferably 6 to 10 hours.
In the present invention, the particle size of the wollastonite is preferably < 150. Mu.m, more preferably < 75 μm; the water content of the wollastonite is preferably not more than 3%.
In the present invention, the wollastonite is preferably subjected to a pretreatment, and in the present invention, the pretreatment preferably includes: sequentially crushing, screening and drying; the invention has no special requirements on the specific implementation process of the crushing; in the present invention, the mesh number of the screen for screening is preferably not less than 100 mesh, more preferably not less than 200 mesh; in the present invention, the drying temperature is preferably 70 to 150 ℃, more preferably 80 to 120 ℃, and the drying time is preferably 6 to 12 hours, more preferably 6 to 10 hours.
In the present invention, the particle size of the gypsum is preferably < 150 μm, more preferably < 75 μm; the water content of the gypsum is preferably less than or equal to 3 percent.
In the present invention, the gypsum is preferably subjected to a pretreatment, and in the present invention, the pretreatment preferably includes: sequentially crushing, screening and drying; the invention has no special requirements on the specific implementation process of the crushing; in the present invention, the mesh number of the screen for screening is preferably not less than 100 mesh, more preferably not less than 200 mesh; in the present invention, the drying temperature is preferably 70 to 150 ℃, more preferably 80 to 120 ℃, and the drying time is preferably 6 to 12 hours, more preferably 6 to 10 hours.
In the present invention, the dolomite preferably has a particle size of < 150 μm, more preferably < 75 μm; the water content of the dolomite is preferably less than or equal to 3 percent.
In the present invention, the dolomite is preferably subjected to a pretreatment, and in the present invention, the pretreatment preferably includes: sequentially crushing, screening and drying; the invention has no special requirements on the specific implementation process of the crushing; in the present invention, the mesh number of the screen for screening is preferably not less than 100 mesh, more preferably not less than 200 mesh; in the present invention, the drying temperature is preferably 70 to 150 ℃, more preferably 80 to 120 ℃, and the drying time is preferably 6 to 12 hours, more preferably 6 to 10 hours.
In the present invention, the particle size of the calcium carbonate is preferably < 150 μm, more preferably < 75 μm; the water content of the calcium carbonate is preferably less than or equal to 3 percent.
In the present invention, the calcium carbonate is preferably subjected to a pretreatment, and in the present invention, the pretreatment preferably includes: sequentially crushing, screening and drying; the invention has no special requirements on the specific implementation process of the crushing; in the present invention, the mesh number of the screen for screening is preferably not less than 100 mesh, more preferably not less than 200 mesh; in the present invention, the drying temperature is preferably 70 to 150 ℃, more preferably 80 to 120 ℃, and the drying time is preferably 6 to 12 hours, more preferably 6 to 10 hours.
In the invention, the mass ratio of the illite to the wollastonite is (1-3) to (0.5-2), preferably (1.5-2.5) to (0.8-1.2), the mass ratio of the illite to the gypsum is (1-3) to (0.5-2), preferably (1.5-2.5) to (0.8-1.2), and the illite and wollastonite areThe mass ratio of the illite to the calcium carbonate is (1-3) to (2-4), preferably (1.5-2.5) to (2.5-3.5), and the mass ratio of the illite to the calcium carbonate is (1-3) to (0-20), preferably (1.5-2.5) to (4-14); in the present invention, the amount of the substance of the illite is expressed as (K, na) (Al, mg, fe) 2 (Si 3.l Al 0.9 )O 10 (OH) 2 The amount of the wollastonite in CaSiO 3 The amount of said gypsum material is calculated as Ca (SO) 4 )·2H 2 The amount of dolomite is CaMg (CO) 3 ) 2 The amount of said calcium carbonate substance being calculated as CaCO 3 And (6) counting.
In the present invention, the wet milling preferably comprises the steps of:
the illite, wollastonite, gypsum, dolomite, calcium carbonate, and grinding aid are mixed (hereinafter referred to as a first mix) and then mixed with ball-milled beads (hereinafter referred to as a second mix) for wet milling.
In the invention, the grinding aid is preferably water, more preferably deionized water or ultrapure water, and in the invention, the mass ratio of the total mass of illite, wollastonite, gypsum, dolomite and calcium carbonate to the grinding aid is preferably (1-10): 1, more preferably (1-7): 1.
In the present invention, the first mixing is preferably carried out under stirring, and the present invention has no particular requirement for the specific implementation of the stirring.
In the present invention, the second mixing is preferably carried out under stirring, and the present invention has no particular requirement on the specific implementation process of the stirring.
The material of the ball milling beads is not particularly required, and in a specific embodiment of the invention, the ball milling beads are preferably zirconium dioxide ball milling beads; in the invention, the ball milling beads preferably comprise first-stage ball-matching milling beads, second-stage ball-matching milling beads and third-stage ball-matching milling beads, the diameter of the first-stage ball-matching milling beads is preferably 1.3-2 cm, more preferably 1.5cm, the diameter of the second-stage ball-matching milling beads is preferably 0.8-1.2 cm, more preferably 1cm, and the diameter of the third-stage ball-matching milling beads is 0.1-0.6 cm, more preferably 0.5cm; in the invention, the number ratio of the first-stage ball-matching grinding beads to the second-stage ball-matching grinding beads to the third-stage ball-matching grinding beads is preferably (1-2) to (1-2), and more preferably 1.
In the present invention, the ball-to-feed ratio in the wet milling is preferably (3 to 5) to 15g;
in the present invention, the rotation frequency at the time of wet milling is preferably 100 to 300r/min, more preferably 150 to 250r/min; the wet milling time is preferably 20 to 120min, more preferably 25 to 100min, most preferably 30 to 80min. In a particular embodiment of the invention, the wet milling is preferably carried out in a planetary ball mill, and the ball milling jar used in the invention is preferably a zirconium dioxide ball milling jar.
In the invention, the wet grinding is carried out to obtain a mixed suspension, and the invention preferably carries out post-treatment on the mixed suspension to obtain the mixture; in the present invention, the post-treatment preferably comprises drying, grinding and sieving; in the present invention, the drying temperature is preferably 70 to 150 ℃, more preferably 80 to 120 ℃, the drying time is preferably 6 to 12 hours, more preferably 6 to 10 hours, the present invention has no special requirements for the specific implementation process of the grinding, and in the present invention, the mesh number of the sieve for sieving is preferably not less than 100 meshes, more preferably not less than 200 meshes.
In the present invention, the particle size of the mix is preferably < 150 μm, more preferably < 75 μm; the water content of the mixed powder is preferably less than or equal to 3 percent.
The invention mixes the raw materials fully through wet grinding, thereby improving the effective contact area of the raw materials in the roasting process and improving the efficiency of the activation reaction in the roasting process.
After the mixed powder is obtained, the mixed powder is roasted to obtain the mineral substance adsorbent.
In the invention, the roasting temperature is preferably 900-1100 ℃, more preferably 950-1050 ℃, and the roasting heat preservation time is preferably 0.5-2 h, more preferably 0.7-1.3 h; the rate of temperature rise from room temperature to the temperature to be fired is preferably 15 to 25 ℃/min, more preferably 18 to 22 ℃/min. In a particular embodiment of the invention, the firing is preferably carried out in a muffle furnace.
According to the invention, through roasting, illite is subjected to a melting activation reaction under the action of wollastonite, gypsum, dolomite and calcium carbonate, so that a Si-Al-O stable structure in the illite is destroyed, and illite Dan Moxu is promoted to be converted, specifically: k with larger ionic radius in illite + Ca in auxiliary materials (wollastonite, gypsum, dolomite and calcium carbonate) 2+ And Mg 2+ Substitution; meanwhile, activation promotes the adjustment and deformation of Si-O tetrahedron and Al-O octahedron structures in the illite structural unit, and the aluminum tetrahedron [ AlO 4 ] 5- Al in (1) 3+ A large amount of Si in auxiliary materials (wollastonite, gypsum, dolomite and calcium carbonate) 4+ Substituted; in addition, silanol groups and aluminum alcohol groups formed by edge bond breaking of the mineral adsorbent increase active adsorption sites for electrostatic adsorption, so that the lamellar silicate mineral adsorbent with high removal rate and heavy metal adsorption function is obtained.
In the invention, the roasted product is obtained after roasting, the invention preferably carries out post-treatment on the roasted product to obtain the mineral adsorbent, and in the invention, the post-treatment preferably comprises cooling, grinding and screening; in the present invention, the cooling is preferably air cooling, and the present invention has no particular requirement for the specific implementation of the grinding, and in the present invention, the mesh number of the sieve for sieving is preferably not less than 100 mesh, more preferably not less than 200 mesh.
The invention provides the mineral adsorbent prepared by the preparation method in the technical scheme, the mineral adsorbent comprises silicate with an irregular sheet-shaped layered structure, and cations of the silicate are Ca 2+ And Mg 2+ (ii) a The particle size of the mineral adsorbent is preferably less than 150 μm, more preferably less than 75 μm.
In the invention, the mineral adsorbent contains a large amount of exchangeable Ca in the gaps or pores between the mineral adsorbent layers 2+ And Mg 2+ The capacity of exchanging heavy metal ions in sewage is stronger; at the same time, the SiO on the surface of the mineral adsorbent, in the interlayer region and in the pore channel 4 4- And SiO ionized from mineral adsorbent in solution 4 4- Can react with heavy metal ions in the solution to form heavy metal ion silicate insoluble precipitate; in addition, silanol groups and aluminum alcohol groups formed by edge bond breakage of the mineral adsorbent increase active adsorption sites and can generate electrostatic attraction with heavy metal ions, and finally, the mineral adsorbent has the structural characteristic of irregular lamellar sheets, so that the adsorption active sites of the adsorbent are increased, the adsorption capacity of the adsorbent is improved, the contact efficiency of the active sites of the adsorbent and the heavy metal ions is increased, and the time for achieving adsorption balance is effectively shortened.
The invention provides application of the mineral adsorbent in the technical scheme in treatment of heavy metal polluted solution.
In the present invention, the application is preferably: mixing the mineral adsorbent and the heavy metal polluted solution, wherein the mass ratio of the mineral adsorbent to the heavy metal polluted solution is preferably (0.01-15) g:1L, more preferably (0.02-10) g:1L, and most preferably (0.02-8) g:1L; in the present invention, when the heavy metal in the heavy metal contaminated solution is preferably Pb 2+ And/or Cd 2+ When the mineral substance adsorbent provided by the invention is used, the pH value of the solution is preferably 4-8, and more preferably 5-8; the adsorption time is preferably 30min.
In the invention, the heavy metal polluted solution is specifically industrial wastewater or polluted irrigation water. When the mineral adsorbent provided by the invention is used for treating polluted irrigation water, only irrigation water treated by the mineral adsorbent provided by the invention can be directly used for irrigation, and the mineral adsorbent provided by the invention can release mineral elements while adsorbing heavy metal ions in the polluted irrigation water, so that the growth of crops is facilitated, wherein the released mineral elements are preferably calcium, magnesium, potassium and silicon.
In the present invention, when the heavy metal in the heavy metal contaminated solution is preferably Pb 2+ Or Cd 2+ While said Pb 2+ The initial mass concentration of (A) is preferably 0.1 to 2000mg/L, more preferably 0.1 to 1000mg/L; the Cd 2+ The initial mass concentration of (A) is preferably 0.1 to 2000mg/L, more preferably 0.1 to 1000mg/L; in the present inventionWhen the heavy metal-contaminated solution is, in particular, heavy metal-contaminated irrigation water, and the heavy metal in the heavy metal-contaminated irrigation water is preferably Pb 2+ And Cd 2+ While said Pb 2+ The initial mass concentration of (A) is preferably 0.1 to 200mg/L, more preferably 0.1 to 150mg/L; said Cd 2+ The initial mass concentration of (B) is preferably 0.1 to 200mg/L, more preferably 0.1 to 150mg/L.
The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The illite, wollastonite, gypsum, dolomite and calcium carbonate are respectively crushed in sequence, sieved by a 200-mesh sieve, dried at 105 ℃ for 6 hours to obtain illite, wollastonite, gypsum, dolomite and calcium carbonate with the water content of less than 3 percent and the particle size of less than 75 mu m, and the illite, the wollastonite, the gypsum, the dolomite and the calcium carbonate are respectively weighed according to the weight ratio of the substances.
Putting 83.3g of illite, 8.3g of wollastonite, 12.3g of gypsum, 40.8g of dolomite and 63.6g of calcium carbonate into a zirconia ball milling tank with the outer diameter of 10.5cm, the inner diameter of 9cm, the outer height of 10.8cm and the inner height of 8.8cm, adding 83.3g of ultrapure water, mixing and fully and uniformly stirring; adding 20 first-stage zirconium oxide ball grinding beads with the particle size of 1.5cm, adding 20 second-stage zirconium oxide ball grinding beads with the particle size of 1cm, adding 20 third-stage zirconium oxide ball grinding beads with the particle size of 0.5cm, and placing a zirconium oxide ball grinding tank in a planetary ball mill to perform wet ball grinding for 30min at the rotation frequency of 200 r/min; then placing the mixed suspension obtained after wet grinding into a drying oven to be dried at 105 ℃ for 6 hours, and sieving the mixed suspension with a 200-mesh sieve after grinding to obtain a mixed material, wherein the water content is less than 3 percent, and the particle size is less than 75 mu m;
placing the mixture into a crucible, placing the crucible into a muffle furnace, raising the temperature to 1000 ℃ at the speed of 20 ℃/min, and continuously roasting for 1h at 1000 ℃. After roasting, quickly cooling the product to room temperature, grinding, and sieving with a 200-mesh sieve to obtain the mineral adsorbent.
FIG. 1 is a scanning electron micrograph of the mineral adsorbent prepared in the example, and it can be seen from FIG. 1 that the mineral adsorbent prepared in the example has an irregular lamellar structure, which is characterized by providing more active binding sites for heavy metal ions.
Example 2
Respectively crushing illite, wollastonite, gypsum and dolomite in turn, sieving by a 200-mesh sieve, drying at 105 ℃ for 6 hours to obtain illite, wollastonite, gypsum and dolomite with the water content of less than 3 percent and the particle size of less than 75 mu m, and respectively converting the illite, the wollastonite, the gypsum and the dolomite according to the mass ratio into the weight ratio for weighing.
Putting 83.3g of illite, 8.3g of wollastonite, 12.3g of gypsum and 40.8g of dolomite into a zirconia ball milling tank with the outer diameter of 10.5cm, the inner diameter of 9cm, the outer height of 10.8cm and the inner height of 8.8cm, adding 57.9g of ultrapure water, mixing and fully and uniformly stirring; adding 20 first-stage zirconium oxide ball grinding beads with the particle size of 1.5cm, adding 20 second-stage zirconium oxide ball grinding beads with the particle size of 1cm, adding 20 third-stage zirconium oxide ball grinding beads with the particle size of 0.5cm, and placing a zirconium oxide ball grinding tank in a planetary ball mill to perform wet ball grinding for 30min at the rotation frequency of 200 r/min; then placing the mixed suspension obtained after wet grinding into a drying oven to be dried at 105 ℃ for 6 hours, and sieving the mixed suspension with a 200-mesh sieve after grinding to obtain a mixed material, wherein the water content is less than 3 percent, and the particle size is less than 75 mu m;
placing the mixture into a crucible, placing the crucible into a muffle furnace, raising the temperature to 1000 ℃ at the speed of 20 ℃/min, and continuously roasting for 1h at 1000 ℃. After roasting, quickly cooling the product to room temperature, grinding, and sieving with a 200-mesh sieve to obtain the mineral adsorbent.
The electron micrograph of the product prepared in example 2 is similar to that of the product prepared in example.
Example 3
The illite, wollastonite, gypsum, dolomite and calcium carbonate are respectively ground in sequence, sieved by a 200-mesh sieve and dried at 105 ℃ for 6 hours to obtain the illite, wollastonite, gypsum, dolomite and calcium carbonate with the water content of less than 3 percent and the particle size of less than 75 mu m, and the illite, the wollastonite, the gypsum, the dolomite and the calcium carbonate are respectively weighed according to the weight ratio of the substances.
Putting 83.3g of illite, 8.3g of wollastonite, 12.3g of gypsum, 40.8g of dolomite and 42.4g of calcium carbonate into a zirconia ball milling tank with the outer diameter of 10.5cm, the inner diameter of 9cm, the outer height of 10.8cm and the inner height of 8.8cm, adding 74.8g of ultrapure water, mixing and fully and uniformly stirring; adding 20 first-stage zirconium oxide ball grinding beads with the particle size of 1.5cm, adding 20 second-stage zirconium oxide ball grinding beads with the particle size of 1cm, adding 20 third-stage zirconium oxide ball grinding beads with the particle size of 0.5cm, and placing a zirconium oxide ball grinding tank in a planetary ball mill to perform wet ball grinding for 30min at the rotation frequency of 200 r/min; then placing the mixed suspension obtained after wet grinding into a drying oven to be dried at 105 ℃ for 6 hours, and sieving the mixed suspension with a 200-mesh sieve after grinding to obtain a mixed material, wherein the water content is less than 3 percent, and the particle size is less than 75 mu m;
placing the mixture in a crucible, placing the crucible in a muffle furnace, heating to 1000 ℃ at the speed of 20 ℃/min, and continuously roasting for 1h at 1000 ℃. After roasting, quickly cooling the product to room temperature, grinding, and sieving with a 200-mesh sieve to obtain the mineral adsorbent.
The electron micrographs of the products prepared in example 3 were similar to those of the products prepared in example.
Example 4
The illite, wollastonite, gypsum, dolomite and calcium carbonate are respectively ground in sequence, sieved by a 200-mesh sieve and dried at 105 ℃ for 6 hours to obtain the illite, wollastonite, gypsum, dolomite and calcium carbonate with the water content of less than 3 percent and the particle size of less than 75 mu m, and the illite, the wollastonite, the gypsum, the dolomite and the calcium carbonate are respectively weighed according to the weight ratio of the substances.
Putting 83.3g of illite, 8.3g of wollastonite, 12.3g of gypsum, 40.8g of dolomite and 84.8g of calcium carbonate into a zirconia ball milling tank with the outer diameter of 10.5cm, the inner diameter of 9cm, the outer height of 10.8cm and the inner height of 8.8cm, adding 91.8g of ultrapure water, mixing and fully and uniformly stirring; adding 20 first-stage zirconium oxide ball grinding beads with the particle size of 1.5cm, adding 20 second-stage zirconium oxide ball grinding beads with the particle size of 1cm, adding 20 third-stage zirconium oxide ball grinding beads with the particle size of 0.5cm, and placing a zirconium oxide ball grinding tank in a planetary ball mill to perform wet ball grinding for 30min at the rotation frequency of 200 r/min; then placing the mixed suspension obtained after wet grinding into a drying oven to be dried at 105 ℃ for 6 hours, and sieving the mixed suspension with a 200-mesh sieve after grinding to obtain a mixed material, wherein the water content is less than 3 percent, and the particle size is less than 75 mu m;
placing the mixture in a crucible, placing the crucible in a muffle furnace, heating to 1000 ℃ at the speed of 20 ℃/min, and continuously roasting for 1h at 1000 ℃. After roasting, quickly cooling the product to room temperature, grinding, and sieving with a 200-mesh sieve to obtain the mineral adsorbent.
The electron micrographs of the products prepared in example 4 were similar to those of the products prepared in example.
Test example 1
(1) Investigating the pH value of the solution to respectively adsorb Pb on the mineral substance adsorbent 2+ Or Cd 2+ The effect of the effect.
Pb in water 2+ Adsorption test of (2): 40mL of Pb and 350mg/L of Pb (measured by ICP-OES) were measured, respectively 2+ The solution is put into a 50mL centrifuge tube, the pH of the solution is adjusted to be 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 by HCl and NaOH respectively, then 0.12g of mineral adsorbent is added into each group of solution, the solution is shaken for 30min in a gas bath constant temperature shaker with 25 ℃ and the shaking rate of 180 +/-20 r/min, then the solution is centrifuged for 5min at the rotating speed of 4000r/min, filtered and separated by a 0.45 mu m filter membrane, and then the Pb in the supernatant is measured by adopting ICP-OES 2+ And (4) concentration. According to Pb in the solution before and after adsorption 2+ Calculating Pb from the concentration difference 2+ Removal rate and removal amount of (2). The mineral substance adsorbent is separately adsorbed with Pb by the pH of the solution 2+ The effect is shown in figure 2.
Cd in water body 2+ Adsorption test of (2): 40mL of Cd and 55mg/L of Cd (measured by ICP-OES) were measured 2+ The solutions were placed in 50mL centrifuge tubes and adjusted to pH 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 with HCl and NaOH, then 0.03g of mineral adsorbent was added to each solution, followed by the same procedure as above for Pb 2+ Adsorption test of (4). The pH of the solution is independently absorbed by the mineral adsorbentAttached Cd 2+ The effect is shown in figure 3.
Respectively measuring Pb at pH values of 1-8 by ICP-OES 2+ Pb in solution 2+ The initial concentration is 350mg/L, and Cd at pH of 1-8 is respectively measured 2+ Cd in solution 2+ The initial concentrations were 53.34mg/L, 54.22mg/L, 56.84mg/L, 56.83mg/L, 55.93mg/L, 54.79mg/L, 53.93mg/L, 54.57mg/L, respectively. As can be seen from FIGS. 2 and 3, pb increased with the pH of the solution 2+ The adsorption capacity increases first and then decreases slightly. This is probably because at pH values above 5.0 hydrolysis of the metal ions occurs. Cd as the pH value of the solution increases 2+ The adsorption capacity increases first and then approaches equilibrium. Aiming at Pb in water body 2+ Or Cd 2+ When the pH value is 5, the adsorption capacity of the mineral adsorbent provided by the invention reaches the maximum, and Pb is 2+ The adsorption capacity is 114.22mg/g, the removal rate is 97.91 percent, and Cd 2+ The adsorption capacity is 69.51mg/g, and the removal rate is 93.21%. When the pH value is 4-8, the mineral adsorbent can adsorb Pb 2+ And Cd 2+ The solution has better adsorption effect, which shows that the mineral adsorbent provided by the invention has larger tolerance range to pH value and is suitable for practice.
(2) Investigating the reaction time to respectively adsorb Pb on the mineral adsorbent 2+ Or Cd 2+ The effect of the effect.
Pb in water 2+ Adsorption test of (2): 40mL of Pb at pH 5, 322.4mg/L (measured by ICP-OES) 2+ The solution was put in a 50mL centrifuge tube, 0.02g of mineral adsorbent was added to each solution, shaken (1, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 60, 90, 120) for min in a gas bath constant temperature shaker at 25 ℃ and a shaking frequency of 180. + -.20 r/min, and immediately separated by filtration through a 0.45 μm filter, and then Pb in the supernatant was measured by ICP-OES 2+ And (4) concentration. According to Pb in the solution before and after adsorption 2+ Calculating Pb from the concentration difference 2+ Removal rate and removal amount of (a). Reaction time for adsorbing Pb on the mineral adsorbent 2+ The effect is shown in figure 4.
Water body Cd 2+ Adsorption test of (2): 40mL of Cd at pH 5, 131.5mg/L (by ICP-OES) 2+ Solution, rest of the experimental workPb as above 2+ Adsorption test of (4). Reaction time for adsorbing Cd by the mineral adsorbent 2+ The effect is shown in figure 5.
Separately measuring Pb by ICP-OES 2+ Pb in solution 2+ Initial concentration was 322.4mg/L and Cd was measured 2+ Cd in solution 2+ The initial concentration was 131.5mg/L. As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, during the first 5min, the mineral adsorbent was towards Pb 2+ And Cd 2+ The adsorption capacity of (a) increases rapidly and reaches an equilibrium substantially at 30min. The balance time is shorter, and the method is easier to be applied to the treatment of actual heavy metal wastewater.
(3) Investigating the reaction temperature to respectively adsorb Pb on the mineral adsorbent 2+ Or Cd 2+ The effect of the effect.
Pb in water 2+ Adsorption test of (2): 40mL of Pb at different concentrations (specific values determined by ICP-OES) and pH 5.0 were taken 2+ Placing the solution in 50mL centrifuge tube, adding mineral adsorbent 0.02g into each group of solution, shaking in gas bath constant temperature oscillator with 25, 35, and 45 deg.C and oscillation frequency of 180 + -20 r/min for 30min, centrifuging at rotation speed of 4000r/min for 5min, filtering with 0.45 μm filter membrane for separation, and measuring Pb in supernatant by ICP-OES 2+ And (4) concentration. According to Pb in the solution before and after adsorption 2+ Calculating Pb from the concentration difference 2+ Removal rate and removal amount of (a). Reaction temperature for adsorbing Pb by the mineral adsorbent 2+ The effect is shown in fig. 6.
Water body Cd 2+ Adsorption test of (2): adding Pb 2+ Conversion of the solution to Cd 2+ Solution, following experimental work as above for Pb 2+ Adsorption test of (2). Reaction temperature for adsorbing Cd by the mineral adsorbent 2+ The effect is shown in figure 7.
The different Pb used in the isothermal experiment at 25 ℃ were measured by ICP-OES 2+ Pb in solution 2+ Initial concentrations were 6.2mg/L, 18.7mg/L, 40.62mg/L, 100mg/L, 151.4mg/L, 203mg/L, 373.1mg/L, 523.5mg/L, 789.9mg/L, different Pb at 35 ℃ and 45 ℃ respectively 2+ Pb in solution 2+ The initial concentrations were 50.98mg/L, 102.9mg/L, 157.1mg/L, 205.3mg/L, 356.8mg/L, 517.9mg/L, 773mg/L, respectively.As can be seen from FIG. 6, the mineral adsorbent prepared in example 1 has a good affinity for Pb 2+ The adsorption capacity of the catalyst is gradually increased along with the increase of the initial concentration of the heavy metal ions in three groups of reactions of 25 ℃,35 ℃ and 45 ℃, and the catalyst reaches an equilibrium state under high concentration.
The different Cd contents for isothermal experiments at 25 deg.C, 35 deg.C and 45 deg.C were measured by ICP-OES 2+ Cd in solution 2+ The initial concentrations were 14.71mg/L, 28.99mg/L, 60.94mg/L, 84.71mg/L, 112.2mg/L, 209.5mg/L, 296.5mg/L, respectively. As can be seen from FIG. 7, the mineral adsorbent prepared in example 1 is directed to Cd 2+ The adsorption capacity of the adsorbent is gradually increased and then decreased along with the increase of the initial concentration of the heavy metal ions in the three groups of 25, 35 and 45 ℃. At 25 ℃ for Pb 2+ Or Cd 2 + The adsorption capacities of the adsorbent were 277.78mg/g and 83.13mg/g, respectively.
(4) Study of the mineral adsorbent vs. simulated Pb 2+ And Cd 2+ Adsorption experiments of mixed contaminated irrigation water.
Simulation of Pb 2+ And Cd 2+ Mixed contaminated irrigation water: adding a certain amount of Pb (NO) into irrigation water obtained from field 3 ) 2 And Cd (NO) 3 ) 2 A pharmaceutical composition. Respectively taking 40mL of simulated Pb with a certain concentration (specific value is measured by ICP-OES) and a certain pH (measured by pH meter) 2+ And Cd 2+ Contaminated irrigation water was put into a 50mL centrifuge tube, 0.005g of the mineral adsorbent was added to each of the solutions, and the mixture was shaken (1, 3, 5, 10, 20, 30, 60) for min in a gas bath constant temperature shaker at 25 ℃ and a shaking frequency of 180. + -.20 r/min, then immediately separated by filtration through a 0.45 μm filter, and then Pb in the supernatant was measured by ICP-OES 2+ And Cd 2+ And (4) concentration. According to Pb in the solution before and after adsorption 2+ And Cd 2+ Calculating Pb from the concentration difference 2+ And Cd 2+ Removal rate and removal amount of (a). Mineral adsorbent pair for simulating Pb 2+ And Cd 2+ The time-varying adsorption effect of mixed contaminated irrigation water is shown in fig. 8. Determination of K in supernatant by ICP-OES + 、Ca 2+ 、Si 4+ And Mg 2+ And (4) concentration. According to K in the solution before and after adsorption + 、Ca 2+ 、Si 4+ And Mg 2+ And calculating the dissolution rate of the corresponding element according to the concentration difference. Mineral adsorbent pair for simulating Pb 2+ And Cd 2+ The dissolution rate of mineral elements when the mixed contaminated irrigation water is subjected to adsorption with time is shown in fig. 9.
Separately measured and simulated Pb by ICP-OES 2+ And Cd 2+ Pb in mixed-contaminated irrigation water 2+ 、Cd 2+ 、K + 、Ca 2+ 、Si 4+ And Mg 2+ Initial concentration values were 0.95mg/L, 1.02mg/L, 1.36mg/L, 16.68mg/L, 0.18mg/L, 1.13mg/L. Simulated Pb measured from pH agent 2+ And Cd 2+ The pH of the mixed contaminated irrigation water was 7.61. As can be seen from FIG. 8, pb increased with time 2+ And Cd 2+ The removal of (A) first increases rapidly and then substantially approaches equilibrium, pb 2+ 、Cd 2+ The removal rates of the catalyst can reach 90 percent and 80 percent respectively. As can be seen from FIG. 9, ca contained in the mineral adsorbent was found to be present 2+ The dissolution rate of (A) fluctuates with time, K + 、Si 4+ Has substantially no change in the dissolution rate with time, and the dissolved Si 4+ With Pb 2+ /Cd 2+ The combination forms a silicate precipitate, which is probably Si 4+ The main reason for the low dissolution rate of Mg 2+ The dissolution rate of the adsorbent is increased along with the increase of time, which shows that the mineral adsorbent provided by the invention can release mineral elements while adsorbing heavy metals, and is beneficial to the growth of crops.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and modifications can be made, and these improvements and modifications should also be construed as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. The preparation method of the mineral adsorbent is characterized by comprising the following steps:
wet grinding illite, wollastonite, gypsum, dolomite and calcium carbonate to obtain mixed powder; the wet milling comprises the following steps: mixing the illite, wollastonite, gypsum, dolomite, calcium carbonate and a grinding aid, and then mixing with ball milling beads for wet milling; the weight ratio of the illite, the wollastonite, the gypsum, the dolomite and the calcium carbonate is (1-3) to (0.5-2) to (2-4) to (0-20); the ball milling beads comprise first-stage matched ball milling beads, second-stage matched ball milling beads and third-stage matched ball milling beads, the diameter of each first-stage matched ball milling bead is 1.3-2 cm, the diameter of each second-stage matched ball milling bead is 0.8-1.2 cm, and the diameter of each third-stage matched ball milling bead is 0.1-0.6 cm; the rotation frequency during wet grinding is 100-300 r/min, and the wet grinding time is 20-120 min; the number ratio of the first-stage ball-matching grinding beads to the second-stage ball-matching grinding beads to the third-stage ball-matching grinding beads is (1-2) to (1-2);
and roasting the mixed powder to obtain the mineral adsorbent.
2. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the roasting temperature is 900-1100 ℃, the roasting time is 0.5-2 h, and the heating rate from room temperature to the roasting temperature is 15-25 ℃/min.
3. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that the mass ratio of the total mass of illite, wollastonite, gypsum, dolomite and calcium carbonate to the grinding aid is (1-10): 1.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the ball-to-feed ratio in wet grinding is (3 to 5) to 15g.
5. The mineral adsorbent according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the mineral adsorbent comprises a silicate having an irregular lamellar structure.
6. Use of the mineral adsorbent of claim 5 for treating heavy metal contaminated liquids or heavy metal contaminated soils.
7. Use according to claim 6, wherein the heavy metal comprises Pb 2+ And/or Cd 2+ 。
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