CN113521304A - Double-curative-effect anti-tumor drug based on nano-cellulose load and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Double-curative-effect anti-tumor drug based on nano-cellulose load and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113521304A CN113521304A CN202110778777.0A CN202110778777A CN113521304A CN 113521304 A CN113521304 A CN 113521304A CN 202110778777 A CN202110778777 A CN 202110778777A CN 113521304 A CN113521304 A CN 113521304A
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of antitumor drugs, and discloses preparation and application of a double-curative-effect antitumor drug based on nano-gold and curcumin loaded on nano-cellulose. The drug carrier of the invention selects nano-cellulose, is properly processed, carries nano-gold particles and cyclodextrin on the carrier, and contains the anti-tumor drug by the cyclodextrin. The problem that the existing natural antitumor drugs are difficult to dissolve is solved. AuNPs loaded on nanoparticles achieve a thermotherapeutic effect under near infrared irradiation, and thermal effects can promote curcumin heat release, thereby enhancing the efficacy of chemotherapy. The heat resistance and stability of the antitumor drug curcumin are obviously improved, and the curcumin is beneficial to pretreatment and the bioavailability of the curcumin. The water solubility of the curcumin is remarkably improved, and compared with the natural solubility of the curcumin, the water solubility of the curcumin is improved by nearly 150 times and reaches 131.7 mu g/mL. We expect this dual therapeutic antitumor drug will be a powerful candidate for tumor therapy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of antitumor drugs, and particularly relates to a double-curative-effect antitumor drug based on a nano-cellulose carrier and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Tumors are one of the major diseases that endanger human health. With the higher demands on therapeutic effects, therapeutic procedures, side effects, and the like, multi-effect drugs and natural antitumor drugs are increasingly favored by patients and researchers. However, many natural antitumor drugs are insoluble in water, which greatly limits the application of the drugs. Taking curcumin as an example, the curcumin has good inhibition effect on the formation, proliferation and metastasis of tumor cells. Curcumin is low in price, wide in source and has various medical characteristics, so that the curcumin is more and more concerned by researchers. However, curcumin has poor solubility, low loading capacity and weak release capacity, resulting in poor chemotherapeutic effect, and it is difficult to achieve multiple therapeutic effects simultaneously. The drugs developed at present based on curcumin are still not sufficiently effective. Improving the curative effect of curcumin drugs is very important for curing tumors.
In order to solve the problems of the application of the insoluble drugs, some nano-drug delivery systems have been developed at home and abroad, mainly comprising liposomes, nanoparticles, micelles, gels, suspensions, nano-emulsions, phospholipid complexes, cyclodextrin embedding, polymer systems and the like. These delivery systems improve the availability of the drug primarily by two aspects: improving the water solubility of the drug, or improving the blood concentration of the drug during in vivo drug delivery. The current research focuses on improving the utilization rate of the drug, and although the drug shows good curative effect on some tumors, the current research is only limited to the chemotherapy on the tumors, and is relatively deficient on the aspect of multi-means combined therapy. The development of antitumor drugs with multiple therapeutic effects is still worth further research.
In recent years, the development of novel light-related nano-drugs is receiving attention. By utilizing the photothermal effect of nanoparticles, some preparations having both thermotherapy and chemotherapy effects have been developed. However, these formulations are generally complex in structure and are not conducive to manufacture and transportation. Such as microcapsules, liposomes and multi-layer core-shell structures, the leaked drug may cover the gold nanoparticles, and the drug wrapped inside cannot be released by heating smoothly under illumination, thereby losing the dual efficacy.
Therefore, there is still a need to improve the water solubility and release capacity of antitumor drugs to improve the effect of chemotherapy, and there is still a challenge in providing antitumor drugs with dual effects of chemotherapy and physical therapy.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects and shortcomings of the prior art, the invention mainly aims to provide a preparation method of an anti-tumor drug with double curative effects based on a nano-cellulose carrier.
The invention also aims to provide the double-curative-effect anti-tumor medicine based on the nano-cellulose carrier, which is prepared by the method.
The invention further aims to provide application of the dual-curative-effect anti-tumor drug based on the nano-cellulose carrier in insoluble drug curcumin.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following scheme:
a preparation method of a dual-curative-effect anti-tumor drug based on a nano-cellulose carrier comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of CNC (cellulose nanocrystal) support: crushing the cotton fiber pulp board by using a crushing grinder to enable the cotton fiber pulp board to become fluffy cotton fiber, then adding the fluffy cotton fiber into an ammonium sulfate solution for heating reaction, after the reaction is finished, purifying the obtained reaction solution, and storing the obtained supernatant fluid which is CNC for later use;
(2) preparation of AuNP (gold nanoparticles): under the condition of stirring, mixing a chloroauric acid solution and a glutathione solution, heating for reaction, and purifying the obtained reaction solution after the reaction is finished to obtain a precipitate which is AuNP;
(3) loading of AuNP: putting the CNC prepared in the step (1) into an open container, adjusting the pH value to 6-8, adding NHS and EDC into the container under the condition of stirring, adding L-cysteine after uniformly stirring, continuously stirring for more than 12 hours, and then dialyzing and purifying to obtain CNC-SH; dispersing the AuNP prepared in the step (2) in water, mixing with CNC-SH, and stirring for more than 20min to complete grafting of the nano gold particles to obtain AuNP-CNC;
(4) grafting of beta CD (beta-cyclodextrin): dissolving beta-cyclodextrin in AuNP-CNC, adding epoxy chloropropane for reaction under stirring, after the reaction is ended, purifying the reaction solution to obtain AuNP-CNC-beta CD grafted with the beta-cyclodextrin, and storing for later use;
(5) loading of the antitumor drug: dissolving the drug by using a volatile solvent, dropwise adding the drug solution into AuNP-CNC-beta CD until insoluble drug particles appear, then removing the volatile solvent, centrifuging the obtained mixture to remove the non-embedded drug, and collecting the upper clear and transparent liquid to obtain the double-curative-effect anti-tumor drug based on the nano-cellulose carrier.
The dosage of the cotton fiber pulp board and the ammonium sulfate solution in the step (1) meets the following requirements: not less than 0.1mol of ammonium sulfate is used per 1g of cotton pulp sheet.
The heating reaction in the step (1) is a reaction at 45-80 ℃ for 4-20 h.
The purification in the step (1) specifically comprises the following steps: after the reaction is finished, centrifuging the obtained reaction liquid, washing the precipitate with water until the supernatant liquid is light blue, retaining all the precipitate and the light blue supernatant liquid obtained by the last centrifugation, diluting, performing ultrasonic dispersion to disperse the precipitate, then filling the precipitate into a dialysis bag, dialyzing with water until the dialysate does not show acidity, taking out the jelly in the dialysis bag, performing ultrasonic dispersion, centrifuging, discarding the precipitate, retaining the supernatant liquid, namely CNC, and storing the CNC in a refrigerator at 4 ℃ for later use;
preferably, in the purification process in the step (1), the centrifugal speed is about 5000-10000 r, and the single centrifugation time is 10-15 minutes; taking out the jelly in the dialysis bag, wherein the centrifugation after ultrasonic dispersion means that the jelly formed by aggregation is completely re-dispersed after ultrasonic dispersion until the jelly becomes a solution, and the discarded precipitate after centrifugation is large fibers and impurities which are not completely reacted.
The heating reaction in the step (2) is a heating reaction at 90-100 ℃ for 30-40 min, preferably at 95 ℃ for 35 min.
The dosage of the chloroauric acid solution and the glutathione solution in the step (2) meets the following requirements: the concentration of the chloroauric acid solution is 0.5-2 mol/L, the concentration of the glutathione solution is 3-6 mmol/L, and the volume ratio of the chloroauric acid solution to the glutathione solution is 100-200 mu L: 10-150 mL; preferably, the dosage of the chloroauric acid solution and the glutathione solution in the step (2) satisfies the following conditions: the concentration of the chloroauric acid solution is 1mol/L, the concentration of the glutathione solution is 4.8mmol/L, and the volume ratio of the chloroauric acid solution to the glutathione solution is 150 mu L: 50 mL.
The separation and purification in the step (2) is to cool the obtained reaction liquid to room temperature, centrifugate (11000-15000 g of centrifugal force for 4-20 min) to remove large aggregates, adjust the pH value of the solution to 3-4, add ethanol into the solution, and centrifugate (3500-5000 g of centrifugal force for 4-10 min) to further purify the supernatant, wherein the obtained precipitate is AuNP; the dosage of the added ethanol is more than 0.5 time of the volume of the water in the solution.
The dosage of the CNC, the NHS, the EDC and the L-cysteine in the step (3) meets the molar ratio: the-COOH in the EDC/CNC is more than or equal to 1.5; EDC/NHS is 3-5, preferably 4; the-COOH in the L-cysteine/CNC is more than or equal to 1.2; the carboxyl content of the CNC needs to be measured in advance, for example by acid-base titration or conductometry.
The dosage of AuNP and CNC-SH in the step (3) meets the following requirements: the molar amount of AuNP is not less than the carboxyl content of the CNC before mercapto group grafting (i.e. the CNC as the raw material in step (3)).
The using amount of the epoxy chloropropane in the step (4) is 1 to 2 percent of the total volume of the reaction system in the step (4); the dosage relation of the beta-cyclodextrin and the AuNP-CNC meets the following requirements: n (beta-cyclodextrin)/n (carboxyl in the raw material CNC of AuNP-CNC) is more than or equal to 3;
the reaction in the step (4) is carried out for more than half an hour at room temperature to 60 ℃;
the purification in the step (4) is to cool the reaction solution to room temperature, centrifuge (5000-10000 r, 10-15 min) to remove excessive cyclodextrin and epoxy chloropropane, take precipitation, dialyze and purify, ultrasonically disperse the obtained AuNP-CNC-beta CD, and store the AuNP-CNC-beta CD in a refrigerator at 4 ℃ for later use;
the cut-off molecular weight of the dialysis bag used in the dialysis in the steps (1) - (4) is 12-14 kDa;
the volatile solvent in step (5) should be selected according to the dissolving capacity of the drug and the compatibility of the solvent with water, for example, acetone, methanol, etc. can be selected;
the volatile solvent can be removed in step (5) by optionally stirring vigorously to evaporate the solvent rapidly and then removing the volatile solvent by rotary evaporation.
Centrifuging to remove the non-embedded medicines in the step (5) is to centrifuge for multiple times at 3000-10000 rpm and select the rotating speed according to the operating conditions;
the medicine in the step (5) is at least one of curcumin, quercetin, catechin, gallic acid, paclitaxel and camptothecin, and preferably curcumin.
The unspecified temperatures in steps (1) to (5) mean those carried out at room temperature, and room temperature in the present invention means 20 ℃. + -. 5 ℃.
The stirring in steps (1) - (5) is to make the raw materials fully contact, and the technical effects of the invention can be achieved by the conventional stirring speed in the field, so the stirring speed is not limited;
the double-curative-effect anti-tumor medicine based on the nano-cellulose carrier is prepared by the method, and particularly the double-curative-effect anti-tumor medicine based on nano-cellulose loaded nano-gold and curcumin is prepared by the method.
The double-curative-effect anti-tumor drug based on the nano-cellulose carrier is applied to insoluble drug curcumin.
A dual-curative-effect curcumin antitumor drug based on a nano-cellulose carrier is obtained by the preparation method of the dual-curative-effect curcumin antitumor drug based on the nano-cellulose carrier, and the preparation method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) according to the steps (1) to (4) of the preparation method of the dual-curative-effect anti-tumor medicament based on the nano-cellulose carrier;
(2) load of CUR (curcumin): dropwise adding an acetone solution (the concentration is preferably 1.4mg/mL) of curcumin into AuNP-CNC-beta CD until insoluble CUR particles appear, then stirring to volatilize the acetone, then carrying out rotary evaporation (the temperature is preferably 45 ℃) to further remove the acetone, centrifuging the obtained mixture at 6000rpm for 30 minutes to remove the non-embedded CUR, and collecting clear and transparent yellow liquid on the upper layer to obtain the dual-curative-effect curcumin antitumor drug based on the nano-cellulose carrier.
The mechanism of the invention is as follows:
the prior indissolvable antitumor drug delivery system is difficult to have chemical curative effect and thermotherapy curative effect at the same time. According to the invention, nanocellulose (CNC) is used as a carrier, sulfydryl is grafted to the surface of the CNC through Schiff base reaction, then gold nanoparticles (AuNP) and beta-cyclodextrin (beta CD) are loaded on the CNC nanoparticles, and an insoluble drug can be embedded into a hydrophobic cavity of the beta CD, so that the water solubility of the insoluble drug is increased. In the preparation process, along with the gradual reduction of the volatile solvent, the insoluble drug is gradually separated out from the solvent, the cavity of the cyclodextrin in the liquid phase is hydrophobic, and according to the principle of similar intermiscibility, the hydrophobic drug is transferred from the liquid phase into the cyclodextrin, so that the embedding of the cyclodextrin on the insoluble drug is realized. When insoluble drug particles began to appear in the system, it was shown that the capacity of AuNP-CNC- β CD reached an upper limit. In application, the photothermal effect of AuNP is utilized to achieve the thermotherapy effect, and the photothermal effect can also enhance the thermal motion of embedded drug molecules, thereby improving the release capacity of the drug and the chemotherapeutic effect.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
(1) the double-effect anti-tumor medicament based on the nano-cellulose carrier has a simple structure, has chemotherapy and thermotherapy effects, and can promote the release of the medicament by the heat effect to improve the chemotherapy curative effect. The carrier has simple structure, is much simpler than the complex multilayer structure of other double-effect medicines, and is more convenient to produce, transport and use.
(2) The double-effect anti-tumor medicament based on the nano-cellulose carrier has better heat resistance, and the common sterilization process at 121 ℃ does not influence the heat stability of the nano-medicament product. The medicine loaded with curcumin starts thermal decomposition at 230 ℃, so that the heat resistance of curcumin is obviously improved.
(3) The double-effect anti-tumor medicament based on the nano-cellulose carrier has higher medicament loading capacity, and obviously improves the water solubility of the medicament. The load capacity of the CUR in the curcumin drug product is 31.4 mug/mg, the dissolution capacity of the CUR reaches 131.7 mug/mL, the solubility is improved by nearly 150 times, and the curcumin drug product is higher than other carrier curcumin delivery systems.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process diagram of preparing a double-effect antitumor drug based on a nano-cellulose carrier from raw materials and exerting curative effects.
Fig. 2 is a specific reaction process diagram of the double-effect curcumin antitumor drug based on the nano-cellulose carrier in the invention.
FIG. 3 is a microscopic topography of several nanoparticles made in example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a graph of IR analysis of products at various stages of the preparation of example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a DSC curve of the product of the present invention at various stages during the preparation of example 1.
FIG. 6 is a thermogravimetric analysis curve of the main product of example 1 of the present invention and its first order differential curve.
Fig. 7 shows the ultraviolet absorption spectrum (a) and fluorescence emission spectrum (b) of curcumin, nanogold and final product in the inventive example 1.
FIG. 8 is an XPS spectrum of the product of example 1 of the present invention, wherein (a) is the full spectrum and (b) is the fine spectrum of Au.
FIG. 9 is a fluorescent photograph of the product of example 1 of the present invention taken under a confocal laser microscope.
FIG. 10 is a photograph showing the raw materials, main intermediate products and final products of example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 11 is a graph showing the stability curves of the product of example 1 of the present invention in water and PBS buffer, and the comparison of the stability with the results reported in the literature.
Fig. 12 is a graph showing the release rate of the drug substance of the product of example 1 of the present invention at different pH values at 37 ℃ (a), at different pH values at pH 6.8 (b), at different temperatures (c), and before and after release (d).
FIG. 13 is a thermal effect graph of example 1 of the present invention, wherein (a) is a schematic diagram of thermal effect test, and (b) is AuNP-CNC- β CD/CUR at 0.8W/cm2An infrared thermal imaging photo under laser irradiation, (c) is AuNP-CNC-beta CD/CUR at 0.8W/cm2And 0.5W/cm2And CNC at 0.8W/cm2Temperature rise curve under laser irradiation.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples and drawings, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
The reagents used in the examples are commercially available without specific reference. L-glutathione (99% purity, biotech grade, shanghai maclin); l-cysteine (98% pure, Shanghai Bo biological); chloroauric acid (purity 99.9%, Fisher Scientific, usa); NHS (N-hydroxysuccinimide, 98% pure, Shanghai Mecline); EDC (1-ethyl- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride, 98.5% purity, Shanghai Mecline)
In this example, the micromodule 8 Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) of Bruker, Germany was used to observe the micro-morphology of the nanoparticles; japanese Jeol corporation 2100 Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) observation of the gold nanoparticles; scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) EVO18 from Zeiss, germany, observed the micro-morphology of CNC particles; the German Bruker Tensor27/Hyperion Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) instrument tests and analyzes substance functional groups; the change of the endothermic peak of a Q200 differential calorimeter (DSC) of TA instruments of America; the german Netzsch company TG209F3 thermogravimetric analyzer (TG) measures the thermal decomposition temperature; testing a spectrum and curcumin absorption intensity by a UV-1900 ultraviolet visible spectrophotometer of Shimadzu corporation in Japan; the fluorescence emission spectrum is tested by a fluorescence spectrometer FluoroMax-4 of the Horiba company of America; photoelectron spectroscopy was measured using an Axis Ultra DLD X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS) from KratOs, uk; the Leica company TCS-SP5 Germany tests the fluorescence of the samples by laser confocal microscopy (CLSM); the U.S. Fluke company Ti400 infrared thermography camera records temperature and takes thermal effect pictures.
In the examples, the process of preparing the double-effect antitumor drug from the raw materials and exerting the curative effect is shown in figure 1. First, CNC and AuNP (a. about. c in FIG. 1) were prepared. Then, sulfydryl is grafted to the surface of the CNC through Schiff base reaction, and AuNP and CNC-SH are mixed and stirred, so that the AuNP is loaded on the CNC. Subsequently, the β CD was linked to AuNP-CNC by Epichlorohydrin (ECH) to make AuNP-CNC- β CD (d in fig. 1). The AuNP is grafted first and then the ECH is used for connecting the beta CD, so that the damage of the sulfhydryl group by the ECH is avoided, and therefore, the AuNP is firstly loaded with a deprotected sulfhydryl group. After that, curcumin was loaded, thereby obtaining a double-effect antitumor drug (g in fig. 1). The thermotherapy effect and the chemotherapy effect are simultaneously obtained under the irradiation of near infrared light (h in figure 1). In the figure 1, i shows a schematic diagram of the preparation process, CNC is used as a carrier to load AuNP and beta CD at the same time, and then the beta CD is used for accommodating CUR to obtain the double-effect anti-tumor drug AuNP-CNC-beta CD/CUR. Specifically, a detailed reaction procedure in the preparation process is shown in fig. 2.
Example 1: preparation of double-effect curcumin antitumor drug based on nano-cellulose carrier
(1) Preparation of CNC (cellulose nanocrystal) support: first, the cotton pulp sheet is pulverized into fluffy cotton fibers by a pulverizing mill. 500mL of the prepared 2mol/L ammonium persulfate solution is taken and heated to 60 ℃ and is continuously stirred, 5g of cotton fiber is added into the solution, after 16 hours of reaction, the reaction solution is taken out and centrifuged, and the precipitate is washed by ultrapure water. The rotation speed was 10000rpm, and centrifugation was carried out for 15 minutes until the supernatant appeared pale blue. All the precipitate and the light blue supernatant from the last centrifugation were retained, diluted appropriately and dispersed by ultrasound to disperse the large pieces of precipitate. And (3) putting the mixture into a dialysis bag (with molecular weight cutoff of 14kDa), dialyzing the mixture for 3-4 days by using ultrapure water, and replacing dialysis water every 4 hours. Finally the dialysate should not exhibit acidity. The gel was removed from the dialysis bag and ultrasonically dispersed 3 times for 10 minutes each with 5 minute intervals for cooling. Centrifuge again at 10000rpm for 10 minutes, discard the pellet and retain the supernatant. The precipitate is large fiber and impurities which are not completely reacted, the supernatant is CNC, and the CNC is stored in a refrigerator at 4 ℃ for later use.
(2) Preparation of AuNP (gold nanoparticles): all glassware was soaked with aqua regia (hydrochloric acid: nitric acid ═ 3: 1, volume ratio) for at least 12 hours, and then washed repeatedly with ethanol and ultrapure water. mu.L of 1M chloroauric acid solution was mixed with 50mL of 4.8mM glutathione solution with vigorous stirring. The mixture was heated at 95 ℃ for 35 minutes. The resulting reaction solution was cooled to room temperature and centrifuged at 12840g for 15 minutes under a centrifugal force to remove large aggregates. The pH of the solution was adjusted to 3-4, and ethanol (water: ethanol 2: 1 by volume) was added to the solution to further purify the supernatant. And finally, centrifuging the solution for 5 minutes under the centrifugal force of 4000g, wherein the obtained precipitate is AuNP, and repeating the steps for multiple times to prepare 0.2g of AuNP for later use.
(3) Loading of AuNP: and (3) putting 500mL of the CNC prepared in the step (1) into a 1L conical flask, putting the conical flask on a magnetic stirrer, and adjusting the pH value to be about 7.5. The CNC concentration was measured in advance as 0.3% solids and the carboxyl content was measured by conductometric titration as 526.67 mmol/(kgCNC). 0.075g of NHS and 0.5g of EDC were added to the reaction mixture at room temperature, stirred for half an hour to activate the carboxyl groups, and then 0.2g of L-cysteine were added. Stirring is continued for 24 hours at normal temperature, and the bottle mouth is not sealed, so that gas generated in the process is discharged. And (5) dialyzing and purifying. After dialysis was complete, the nanoparticles were dispersed by sonication. Storing in a refrigerator at 4 deg.C for use, and recording as CNC-SH. And (3) dispersing 0.16g of AuNP prepared in the step (2) in 50mL of water, mixing with all the CNC-SH, and stirring for 30 minutes to complete grafting of the gold nanoparticles to obtain the AuNP-CNC. The solid content of AuNP-CNC was found to be 0.25% with a total volume of 670 mL.
(4) Grafting of beta CD (beta-cyclodextrin): and (4) dissolving 5g of beta-cyclodextrin in the whole AuNP-CNC solution obtained in the step (3), heating to 45 ℃, dropwise adding about 10mL of epoxy chloropropane under vigorous stirring, and continuously reacting for 2 hours. After the reaction was terminated, the reaction solution was cooled to room temperature, centrifuged at 10000rpm for 10 minutes, and excess cyclodextrin and epichlorohydrin were removed. And taking the precipitate for dialysis for 3-4 days for further purification. And ultrasonically dispersing the obtained AuNP-CNC-beta CD, and storing the AuNP-CNC-beta CD in a refrigerator at 4 ℃ for later use.
(5) Loading of antitumor drug CUR (curcumin): dissolving a certain amount of curcumin powder in acetone to prepare a solution with the concentration of about 1.4 mg/mL. The acetone solution of curcumin was added dropwise to 250mL AuNP-CNC- β CD until insoluble curcumin particles appeared. During this time, vigorous stirring was maintained to volatilize the acetone. Rotary evaporation at 45 ℃ was carried out to further remove acetone. The rotary evaporation is carried out under negative pressure to ensure the removal of acetone. The resulting mixture was centrifuged at 6000rpm for 30 minutes to remove the non-embedded curcumin and the upper clear, transparent yellow liquid was collected and recorded as AuNP-CNC- β CD/CUR. The obtained curcumin antineoplastic drug with double curative effects based on the nano-cellulose carrier is obtained.
And (3) performance testing:
in order to avoid the influence of nanogold on performance detection and characterization, a batch of nanogold-free nano-drugs is additionally prepared, namely, the steps (2) and (3) in the example 1 are removed, the AuNP-CNC in the step (4) is replaced by the CNC in the step (1), and the obtained product is recorded as CNC-beta CD/CUR. In order to conveniently explore the loading of the nano-cellulose and the effect of the cyclodextrin embedding, a batch of cyclodextrin-embedded curcumin is prepared, namely the steps (1) to (4) of the example 1 are deleted, AuNP-CNC-beta CD in the step (5) is replaced by beta CD, and the obtained product is recorded as beta CD/CUR.
(1) Micro-topography analysis
The carrier and the groups on the surface of the carrier have a great influence on the loading of the drug. The micro-morphology of the nanoparticles was observed by various electron microscopy methods. The micro-topography of the various nanoparticles prepared in example 1 is shown in fig. 3. In fig. 3, a is an AFM image of curcumin powder, which is difficult to disperse well and is agglomerated together into floccules. As can be seen from the TEM image, AuNPs are spherical particles with a diameter of about 5-8 nm (b in FIG. 3). In fig. 3, both c (SEM picture) and d (AFM picture) can be seen that the prepared CNC has a needle-like morphology. The length of the prepared CNC is about 150-300 nm, and the width of the prepared CNC is about 10-20 nm. Such a diameter is sufficient to support the produced gold nanoparticles. After a series of treatments, the particles of AuNP-CNC-beta CD/CUR became short rods. According to e, f and g in fig. 3, the structure of the CNC seems to be slightly changed due to the grafting modification. The length is slightly reduced to about 150-200 nm and the diameter is increased to about 40 nm. The reduction in length may be due to partial degradation of the CNC during the thiolation process or to the loss of a portion of the too short fibers during the purification process. The modified AuNP-CNC-beta CD/CUR diameter is larger than CNC, which may be caused by various factors. On one hand, the lengths of the mercapto group and the branched chain of the beta CD are respectively increased by the Schiff base and the epichlorohydrin; on the other hand, curcumin may be partially adsorbed on the surface of CNC in addition to being embedded in the cavity of β CD. In addition, swelling of the CNC may also occur throughout the graft modification process. Under the combined action of the factors, the diameter of the AuNP-CNC-beta CD/CUR particle is obviously increased, and the length-diameter ratio (L/D) is reduced from 15 to about 4-5. The black dots on the short rod fibers in g of fig. 3 are CNC-loaded aunps. In transmission electron microscopy tests, electrons can penetrate relatively easily through relatively soft textured fibers, but are difficult to penetrate through harder textured gold nanoparticles. The nanogold will be very apparent on the nearly translucent fiber image. As can be seen from the figure, the gold grafting rate is not very high, only less than 10 nanogold particles are grafted on a single fiber, only one or two nanogold particles are loaded on some fibers, and even a small amount of fibers are not successfully loaded with aunps. According to principle analysis, the photothermal effect of the nano-gold particles can be shown under the near-infrared irradiation only by loading the nano-gold on most of the fibers, so that the expected purpose is achieved. Therefore, grafting of AuNP achieves the purpose of loading nanogold.
(2) Infrared spectroscopic analysis
The infrared spectroscopy confirmed that the raw materials used were attached to the support by chemical grafting, not by physical adsorption. The FTIR spectrum of the nanoparticles prepared in example 1 is shown in fig. 4.
In CUR and β CD/CUR, at 1630cm-1、1603cm-1And 1515cm-1The peak at (a) corresponds to the benzene ring shock of curcumin. The samples other than the two samples containing no curcumin, beta CD and CNC, were all 1515cm-1A sharp peak was observed at the site, indicating that the final finished AuNP-CNC- β CD/CUR did contain curcumin. 1630cm in the sample where the beta CD is simply mixed with the CUR-1And 1603cm-1The vibration peaks of the two benzene ring skeletons are positioned at 1635cm by beta CD-1Is masked. In beta CD/CUR, not only the vibration peak of benzene ring can be seen, but also 1718cm-1A new peak appears at the same time of 1630cm-1And 1603cm-1The peak shapes of the two parts are slightly changed, and are 1718cm-1The peak at (a) was also detected in the final product. Illustrating that cyclodextrin encapsulation of curcumin is not only physical loading but is accompanied by chemical changes, 1718cm-1The new peak at (a) is most likely due to the interaction of the two. It also demonstrated that curcumin successfully bound to CNC- β CD. 1650-1610 cm can be seen on the curve of CNC-SH-1There is a broad peak corresponding to C ═ O stretching vibration and C ═ N of the schiff base, both conjugated, so the peak shape becomes broad. Epichlorohydrin used in grafting beta-cyclodextrin opens a C ═ N double bond to a single bond, disrupting conjugation, and the C ═ O peak profile narrows and shifts to 1632cm-1. This indicates that the grafting of the thiol group was successful and that subsequent steps did not cleave thiol-containing branches.
(3) Thermal performance testing
The thermal performance test is to further confirm the combination mode of the CUR, the CNC and the cyclodextrin.
By measuring the endothermic and exothermic behaviors in the temperature rise process through DSC, the thermodynamic interaction among the components can be explored, so as to determine whether the curcumin is successfully embedded into the cavity of the beta-cyclodextrin. The DSC curve of each particle prepared in example 1 is shown in fig. 5. Beta CD and CUR show single endothermic peaks at 148 ℃ and 179 ℃ respectively, and 179 ℃ should be the melting point of the curcumin used. The endothermic peak of the mixture of the two is also at the two temperatures, which shows that the simple mixing is only the simple superposition of the two and can not achieve the embedding purpose. The shape of the beta CD/CUR of the inclusion compound is different from the shape of the beta CD/CUR of the inclusion compound, a wider endothermic peak appears at 130 ℃, and a sharp endothermic peak also appears at 220 ℃. The two endothermic peaks indicate that there is a thermodynamic interaction between cyclodextrin and curcumin molecules, changing the endothermic temperature, confirming that curcumin is encapsulated in the cavity of β CD. CNC shows two endothermic peaks at 130 ℃ and 200 ℃, and mixtures of CNC and β CD/CUR also show endothermic peaks at the same temperature, except for broadening of the peak shape. The CNC-beta CD/CUR only has one endothermic peak at 124 ℃, which shows that the thermodynamic property of the grafted product is changed; the disappearance of the peak around 200 ℃ is to make the thermal stability stronger, and the endothermic peak generated by the decomposition and heat absorption is transferred to more than 300 ℃ and exceeds the detection capability of the instrument.
The TG and DTG curves of the particles prepared in example 1 are shown in fig. 6. The water loss of CNC, beta CD/CUR and CNC-beta CD/CUR was 2.57%, 5.27% and 3.15% respectively at 100 ℃. The beta CD/CUR of the inclusion compound has the highest water content, which shows that the inclusion compound is highly hydrophilic as a whole, and the hydrophilicity of curcumin is greatly improved. Compared with CNC, the surface of CNC-beta CD/CUR possesses more hydrophilic groups, so that the product after beta CD grafting is more hydrophilic than the un-grafted CNC. The initial decomposition temperatures of CNC and beta CD/CUR were 167 ℃ and 196 ℃ respectively, and the grafted product increased to 230 ℃ as shown by the comparative TG curves. The thermal decomposition of the beta CD/CUR has only one stage, which indicates that the cyclodextrin and the curcumin have thermodynamic interaction between molecules after inclusion, and the beta CD and the CUR are not subjected to thermal decomposition independently. There are two stages of thermal decomposition for both CNC and CNC- β CD/CUR, corresponding to two peaks on the DTG curve. The maximum degradation rate of CNC occurs at 204.7 ℃ and 258.6 ℃ and CNC-. beta.CD/CUR occurs at 314.8 ℃ and 330.8 ℃. Obviously, the heat resistance of the grafted product is obviously improved. The first thermal decomposition stage, at a lower temperature, corresponds to the decomposition of the defect sites and amorphous regions of the fibre, and the second stage, at a higher temperature, corresponds to the decomposition of the remaining part. The defective sites are less well aligned, more prone to breakage, and more prone to grafting at these sites than are the other defects. The degree of disorder in this region is reduced after modification, and the heat resistance is improved. In addition, 314.8 ℃ is also the temperature corresponding to the maximum decomposition rate of the beta CD/CUR, which indicates that the decomposition of the CNC-beta CD/CUR in the first stage is mainly based on the decomposition of the beta CD/CUR. Considering the large increase in decomposition temperature of the nanofibers after grafting, grafting should occur mainly in the defect sites and amorphous regions of the CNC, where the cellulose chains are broken and the cyclodextrin is grafted at these sites.
The results of comprehensive thermal analysis show that the thermal stability of the product nano-drug is not affected by the common sterilization process at 121 ℃.
(4) Optical properties of curcumin
The maintenance of the optical characteristics of curcumin in the synthesis process is an important prerequisite for ensuring the curative effect of curcumin. Curcumin is a drug with poor stability, and keeping its structure unchanged is a matter of attention which must be paid to curcumin drug utilization. When the structure is changed, the optical characteristics are changed. Conversely, no change in optical properties means no change in curcumin structure. The optical characteristics of the CUR, AuNP and AuNP-CNC-beta CD/CUR are compared by an ultraviolet visible spectrum and a fluorescence spectrum.
The optical characteristics of the product prepared in example 1 are shown in fig. 7, where a of fig. 7 is the result of the ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrum and b of fig. 7 is the fluorescence emission spectrum. The result is very obvious, the ultraviolet absorption characteristic and the fluorescence characteristic of the curcumin are not obviously changed, and the effectiveness of the curcumin is well maintained in the whole preparation process. The ultraviolet absorption peak of curcumin in water and ethanol is 425nm, and the peak of fluorescence emission spectrum under the irradiation of excitation wavelength of 425nm is 533 nm. In the ultraviolet absorption spectrum and the fluorescence emission spectrum, the peak position of the curcumin is not changed, which means that the optical characteristics of the curcumin are reserved in the medicine preparation process, the structure of the curcumin is not changed, and the curcumin loaded on the AuNP-CNC-beta CD/CUR has the same biochemical function and medicinal value as free curcumin.
In addition, as can be seen from a of fig. 7, AuNP has a gentle absorption peak at 283nm, and after grafting onto CNC, a new absorption peak appears at 804nm in addition to the 283nm absorption peak. There may be some aggregation of aunps during grafting with CNC, with agglomerated and dispersed aunps having different optical properties, resulting in this change. 804nm is in the near infrared, where absorption provides conditions for the application of photothermal therapy. The ultraviolet absorption near 283nm shows that the prepared AuNP has a particle size of about 5nm, which is consistent with the TEM result.
(5) XPS analysis
In order to explore the interaction between the nano-fiber and the nano-gold particle, the AuNP-CNC-beta CD/CUR is subjected to X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. The full spectrum results in the range of 0 to 1100eV are shown in a of FIG. 8, in which O, C, S, Au element peaks appear. B of fig. 8 shows a fine energy spectrum of Au. Due to spin-orbit splitting of the Au 4f level, 83.7eV and 87.5eV correspond to Au 4f 7/2 and Au 4f 5/2, respectively. The characteristic peaks of the 0-valent metal Au are at 84.0eV and 87.7eV, and the actually measured values are negatively shifted compared with the values caused by the transfer of electrons from the fiber to the AuNP, indicating that Au in the sample is-1 valent and Au-S bond is present in the sample.
(6) Fluorescent photograph
In order to make the fluorescence effect of the AuNP-CNC- β CD/CUR nanocomposite drug more intuitive, the fluorescence emitted by the AuNP-CNC- β CD/CUR nanoparticles was photographed with a laser confocal microscope, and the result is shown in fig. 9. Fluorescence can not be detected in a bright field environment of weak natural light, and very bright green fluorescence can be seen by irradiating the AuNP-CNC-beta CD/CUR nano composite medicine with 408nm laser in a dark field. After the sample is fully diluted, only weak fluorescence can be observed in the visual field, and only a few green bright spots can be seen. These bright spots are the fluorescence emitted by small amounts of agglomerated nanoparticles. The bright fluorescence of the nano-drug is clearly shown in the picture, which provides convenience for subsequent cell experiments and can be used for imaging without additionally introducing a fluorescent substance.
(7) Curcumin water solubility enhancement and curcumin loading analysis
The actual photographs of the results of the key steps in the preparation process of example 1 are shown in fig. 10 a to e. As can be seen from the figure, curcumin powder is almost completely insoluble in water, and can only be dispersed in water in a granular state after shaking and standing for many days, and the solubility is extremely low. After embedding curcumin, the beta CD/CUR shows good water solubility. The hydroxyl at C6 position of glucose molecule constituting beta-cyclodextrin is arranged on the outer wall, so that the cyclodextrin is highly hydrophilic and shows stronger polarity; the polar cyclodextrin, after encapsulation, encapsulates the non-polar curcumin, so that the non-polar character of the curcumin is masked, which changes the non-polar state of the curcumin to some extent. The beta CD/CUR prepared by the verification experiment of the cyclodextrin embedded curcumin proves that the water solubility of the curcumin can be obviously improved by embedding, and the aqueous solution is clear and transparent. After CNC was ligated to AuNP and CD in sequence, there was no significant change in appearance, and the liquid remained pale blue. The final curcumin loading becomes yellow liquid, which is not as clear as beta CD/CUR, but still has higher transparency.
The curcumin loadings of the product prepared in example 1 are shown in table 1 below. In order to measure the load of curcumin, AuNP-CNC-beta CD/CUR is respectively diluted by methanol and ethanol to ensure that curcumin is completely dissolved out, and after nano particles are removed by centrifugation, the content of curcumin is measured and calculated by an ultraviolet spectrophotometer. After dilution with methanol or ethanol, the nanoparticles need to be removed by centrifugation or by passing through a membrane with a syringe injector, avoiding the erroneous calculation of the ultraviolet light absorbed by the nanoparticles as the ultraviolet absorption of curcumin. The curcumin content measured after full dilution with the two solvents was essentially consistent, 43.9 μ g/mL. The concentration of the sample was 1.4mg/mL (solids content about 0.14% (w/w)), and the loading of curcumin could be calculated to be 31.4. mu.g/mg.
TABLE 1 enhancement of curcumin water solubility
The final curcumin concentration of the product prepared in example 1 and comparison with other carrier systems are shown in table 2 below. And (3) performing rotary evaporation on a part of sample at normal temperature, and when the total volume of the AuNP-CNC-beta CD/CUR liquid is reduced by two thirds, no solid is separated out, so that the load of the AuNP-CNC-beta CD on the CUR is firmer. The concentration of curcumin in the concentrated system is 131.7 mu g/mL, which is higher than that of other carrier systems.
TABLE 2 comparison of curcumin solubility with results reported in the literature
Among them, references 1, 2, 3, and 4 are as follows:
【1】Liandong Hu,Kong Dongqian,Hu Qiaofeng,et al.Preparation and optimization of a novel microbead formulation to improve solubility and stability of curcumin[J].Particulate Science and Technology,2017,35(4):448-454.
【2】Umesh Kannamangalam Vijayan,Shah Nirali-Nitin,Muley Abhijeet-Bhimrao,et al.Complexation of curcumin using proteins to enhance aqueous solubility and bioaccessibility:Pea protein vis-à-vis whey protein[J].Journal of Food Engineering,2021,292110258.
【3】Gautier-M-A-Ndong Ntoutoume,Granet Robert,Mbakidi Jean-Pierre,et al.Development of curcumin–cyclodextrin/cellulose nanocrystals complexes:New anticancer drug delivery systems[J].Bioorganic&Medicinal Chemistry Letters,2016,26(3):941-945.
【4】S Dey,Sreenivasan K.Conjugation of curcumin onto alginate enhances aqueous solubility and stability of curcumin[J].Carbohydr Polym,2014,99499-507.
(8) stability of the formulation and curcumin release
Stability curves of curcumin In water and PBS of the products prepared In example 1 and other documents (document 5(Ngwabebhoh-F assay wa, Ilkar Erdaggi-S, Yildiz U.Pickering emulsions stabilized nanosized nanoparticles for nanoparticles and cured nanoparticles; J. carbohydrate Polymer, 2018,201317-, a comparison of Alvi Syed-Baseerdin, Pemmarju Deepak-Bharadwaj, et al NIR triggered liposome gold nanoparticles inventing curcumin as in a single adovant for a photothermal treatment of skin cancer [ J ]. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules,2018, 110375. 382 ])) is shown in FIG. 11. The AuNP-CNC-beta CD/CUR is diluted by 10 times by water and 0.1M PBS buffer solution with the pH value of 6.8, and the stability is better under the conditions of light shielding and normal temperature. The curcumin content in PBS buffer decreased slightly, but about 96% remained after 48 hours, indicating that a small amount of curcumin precipitated or decomposed and denatured in weakly acidic PBS buffer. Compared with other reports (document 5, document 6, document 7 and document 8), the stability of the invention is better. At the same time, it is also demonstrated that dilution within a certain range does not reduce the stability of the nanoparticle-loaded curcumin.
The release profiles and pre-and post-release profiles of curcumin for the products prepared in example 1 under different conditions are shown in FIG. 12, in which (a) release at different pH values at 37 ℃, (b) release at different temperatures at pH 6.8, (c) release at different pH values at different temperatures from other references (reference 3 (gateway-M-A-Ndong Ntoutoutouyou, Granet Robert, Mkiddi Jean-Pierre, et al. development of current-cyclic modification/cyclic modification compositions: New anti-reagent delivery systems [ J ]. biological & medical Chemistry Letters,2016,26(3):941 945), reference 9(Xingyi Li, Nan Kaiiii, Li, Lingli. visual Chemistry Letters,2016,26(3): 941) and reference 9(Xingyi Li, Nan Kaiiii, Li, Ling, in. schematic drawing of molecular analysis, 88. conversion of molecular analysis, viscosity of molecular analysis [ 10, molecular analysis ] of molecular analysis, viscosity of Li-molecular analysis, sample, 90, molecular analysis, J.), chemical Shuo, Zhang Binjun, et al, in situ adjustable name-composition hydraulic composition of curative, N, O-Carbohydrate chip and oxidized expression for surrounding chemistry [ J ]. Int J Pharm,2012,437(1-2): 110. and 119.), document 11 (Seal-vapor mol, Abedi Fatemeh, antibiotic effective, et al, lysine-impregnated cell-based system for influencing thermal stability in admixture [ J ]. binder Polymers,2020,250116861. Bing 12 (Bing 12. Bing) injection name-viscosity, 2006,116(1):42-49.)) comparison of the release rates of the results, and (d) comparison of the photographs before and after release. Curcumin release was studied in phosphate buffered saline containing 15% ethanol. Some ethanol was added to PBS to meet the sink conditions. In vitro release experiments, higher temperature and lower pH favoured curcumin release. At higher temperatures, molecular thermal motion is enhanced, promoting curcumin release. The highest point at pH 5.5 at 37 ℃ is more than 80%; when the experiment is carried out at the pH of 6.8, the highest point at 44 ℃ is close to 77%, the release rate is higher, and the curcumin is completely released. It can be seen from the figure that the release profile peaks within about 10 hours and instead gradually decreases, compared to a maximum release reduction of about 3.2% to 4.5%, in about the same range as about 4% at 48 hours in the stability test. Thus, the decline in the latter half of the release profile can be attributed to the effect of PBS buffer on curcumin dissolved therein. The color change of the drug-loaded nanoparticles AuNP-CNC- β CD/CUR before and after release can be seen more intuitively from d in fig. 12. After release, the curcumin is dispersed in a dissolution medium to form a dilute solution with low concentration, and the yellow color of the curcumin is difficult to see. The yellow color of the nano-fibers in the dialysis bag fades, and only light yellowish residues exist, so that the complete curcumin release is visually indicated. The release rate of the present invention was higher than other reports.
(9) Photothermal effect
For evaluation of photothermal conversion efficiency, 0.5W/cm was used2And 0.8W/cm2808nm near infrared laser at two power densities irradiates the AuNP-CNC-beta CD/CUR liquid drop. The test schematic is shown by a of fig. 13. As can be seen very intuitively from b of FIG. 13, the droplet is 0.8W/cm2Shows relatively obvious thermal effect after laser irradiation. From the comparison of the curves in c of FIG. 13, it can be found that the CNC having the same solid content is 0.8W/cm2The temperature of the laser after 10 minutes of irradiation is only increased from 17.4 ℃ to 26.7 ℃, which is far lower than the photothermal effect of AuNP-CNC-beta CD/CUR. The loaded nano-gold shows higher photo-thermal conversion efficiency. In combination with the release behavior of curcumin, it was confirmed that near infrared hyperthermia can promote the release of CUR. Obviously, the curcumin release rate of AuNP-CNC- β CD/CUR is further increased with the increase of the laser irradiation duration. This suggests that the release of CUR loaded on AuNP-CNC- β CD/CUR is somewhat controllable, which is beneficial for increasing local drug concentration and improving curcumin bioavailability. The nano-drug has double curative effects of thermotherapy and chemotherapy.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of a dual-curative-effect anti-tumor drug based on a nano-cellulose carrier is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparing a CNC carrier: crushing the cotton fiber pulp board by using a crushing grinder to enable the cotton fiber pulp board to become fluffy cotton fiber, then adding the fluffy cotton fiber into an ammonium sulfate solution for heating reaction, after the reaction is finished, purifying the obtained reaction solution, and storing the obtained supernatant fluid which is CNC for later use;
(2) preparation of AuNP: under the condition of stirring, mixing a chloroauric acid solution and a glutathione solution, heating for reaction, and purifying the obtained reaction solution after the reaction is finished to obtain a precipitate which is AuNP;
(3) loading of AuNP: putting the CNC prepared in the step (1) into an open container, adjusting the pH value to 6-8, adding NHS and EDC into the container under the condition of stirring, adding L-cysteine after uniformly stirring, continuously stirring for more than 12 hours, and then dialyzing and purifying to obtain CNC-SH; dispersing the AuNP prepared in the step (2) in water, mixing with CNC-SH, and stirring for more than 20min to complete grafting of the nano gold particles to obtain AuNP-CNC;
(4) grafting of beta CD: dissolving beta-cyclodextrin in AuNP-CNC, adding epoxy chloropropane for reaction under stirring, after the reaction is ended, purifying the reaction solution to obtain AuNP-CNC-beta CD grafted with the beta-cyclodextrin, and storing for later use;
(5) loading of the antitumor drug: dissolving the drug by using a volatile solvent, dropwise adding the drug solution into AuNP-CNC-beta CD until insoluble drug particles appear, then removing the volatile solvent, centrifuging the obtained mixture to remove the non-embedded drug, and collecting the upper clear and transparent liquid to obtain the double-curative-effect anti-tumor drug based on the nano-cellulose carrier.
2. The preparation method of the dual therapeutic antitumor drug based on nanocellulose carrier as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that:
the dosage of the cotton fiber pulp board and the ammonium sulfate solution in the step (1) meets the following requirements: not less than 0.1mol of ammonium sulfate is correspondingly used for every 1g of cotton fiber pulp board;
the heating reaction in the step (1) is a reaction at 45-80 ℃ for 4-20 h.
3. The preparation method of the dual therapeutic antitumor drug based on nanocellulose carrier as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that:
the heating reaction in the step (2) is heating reaction at 90-100 ℃ for 30-40 min, preferably at 95 ℃ for 35 min;
the dosage of the chloroauric acid solution and the glutathione solution in the step (2) meets the following requirements: the concentration of the chloroauric acid solution is 0.5-2 mol/L, the concentration of the glutathione solution is 3-6 mmol/L, and the volume ratio of the chloroauric acid solution to the glutathione solution is 100-200 mu L: 10-150 mL.
4. The preparation method of the dual therapeutic antitumor drug based on nanocellulose carrier as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that:
the dosage of the CNC, the NHS, the EDC and the L-cysteine in the step (3) meets the molar ratio: the-COOH in the EDC/CNC is more than or equal to 1.5; EDC/NHS is 3-5; the-COOH in the L-cysteine/CNC is more than or equal to 1.2;
the dosage of AuNP and CNC-SH in the step (3) meets the following requirements: the molar weight of AuNP is not less than the carboxyl content of CNC as raw material in step (3).
5. The preparation method of the dual therapeutic antitumor drug based on nanocellulose carrier as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that:
the using amount of the epoxy chloropropane in the step (4) is 1 to 2 percent of the total volume of the reaction system in the step (4); the dosage relation of the beta-cyclodextrin and the AuNP-CNC meets the following requirements: n (beta-cyclodextrin)/n (carboxyl in the raw material CNC of AuNP-CNC) is more than or equal to 3;
the reaction in the step (4) is carried out at room temperature to 60 ℃ for more than half an hour.
6. The preparation method of the dual therapeutic antitumor drug based on nanocellulose carrier as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that:
the cut-off molecular weight of the dialysis bag used in the dialysis in the steps (1) to (4) is relatively independent from 12 kDa to 14 kDa.
7. The preparation method of the dual therapeutic antitumor drug based on nanocellulose carrier as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that:
the volatile solvent in the step (5) is at least one of acetone and methanol.
8. The preparation method of the dual therapeutic antitumor drug based on nanocellulose carrier as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that:
the medicine in the step (5) is at least one of curcumin, quercetin, catechin, gallic acid, paclitaxel and camptothecin.
9. A dual therapeutic effect nanocellulose carrier-based antitumor drug prepared by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. A dual-curative-effect curcumin antitumor drug based on a nano-cellulose carrier is characterized by being prepared by the following steps:
(1) according to steps (1) to (4) of claim 1;
(2) load of CUR: dropwise adding an acetone solution of curcumin into AuNP-CNC-beta CD until insoluble CUR particles appear, stirring to volatilize the acetone, then carrying out rotary evaporation to further remove the acetone, centrifuging the obtained mixture at 6000rpm for 30 minutes, removing the unencapsulated CUR, collecting an upper clear and transparent yellow liquid, and obtaining the curcumin antitumor drug with the dual curative effects based on the nano-cellulose carrier.
Priority Applications (1)
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