CN113515833A - Production allocation design method for controlling pressure drop speed of gas well - Google Patents

Production allocation design method for controlling pressure drop speed of gas well Download PDF

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CN113515833A
CN113515833A CN202010275839.1A CN202010275839A CN113515833A CN 113515833 A CN113515833 A CN 113515833A CN 202010275839 A CN202010275839 A CN 202010275839A CN 113515833 A CN113515833 A CN 113515833A
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周涌沂
刘林松
刘晓东
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China Petroleum and Chemical Corp
Sinopec North China Oil and Gas Co
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Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of gas field development, and particularly relates to a production allocation design method for controlling the pressure drop speed of a gas well. The method comprises the steps of firstly determining the unit pressure drop gas production rate q of the gas well according to the wellhead casing pressure and the corresponding accumulated gas production rate of the gas well in the stage of reaching the quasi-stable production of the gas wellunitpThe quasi-stable production stage refers to a time period when wellhead casing pressure and time are in a linear change relation; then according to the target pressure drop speed DPRobjAnd gas production per unit pressure drop qunitpSubstituted into the formula qobj＝DPRobj×qunitpCalculating to obtain the DPR of the target pressure drop velocityobjCorresponding gas well design production allocation qobj(ii) a Finally referring to the target pressure drop velocity DPRobjCorresponding gas well design production allocation qobjAnd adjusting the production allocation of the gas well to adjust the pressure drop speed to the target pressure drop speed. The invention can adjust the pressure drop speed to the pressure drop speed without obtaining the change data of the formation pressureThe method has the advantages of target pressure drop speed, low cost, strong operability, effectiveness, practicability and good popularization and application values.

Description

Production allocation design method for controlling pressure drop speed of gas well
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of gas field development, and particularly relates to a production allocation design method for controlling the pressure drop speed of a gas well.
Background
In the production process of gas wells, particularly low permeability gas reservoir gas wells, the pressure drop speed of the gas well needs to be controlled to maintain the formation pressure of the gas well and provide enough lifting energy for carrying liquid of the gas well, so that stable production of the gas well is realized. How to quantitatively design gas well production allocation to control the pressure drop speed to be about a target value needs to test and determine the change condition of the gas well formation pressure in the prior art, and has relatively high application cost, high difficulty and poor practicability.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a production allocation design method for controlling the pressure drop speed of a gas well, which is used for solving the problems of high cost and great difficulty caused by the need of determining the change condition of the formation pressure of the gas well in the prior art.
In order to solve the technical problem, the technical scheme of the invention comprises the following steps:
the invention provides a production allocation design method for controlling the pressure drop speed of a gas well, which comprises the following steps of:
1) determining the unit pressure drop gas production rate q of the gas well according to the wellhead casing pressure and the corresponding accumulated gas production rate of the gas well in the stage of reaching the quasi-stable production of the gas wellunitp(ii) a The quasi-stable production stage refers to a time period when wellhead casing pressure and time are in a linear change relation;
2) DPR according to target pressure drop speedobjAnd gas production per unit pressure drop qunitpSubstituted into the formula qobj＝DPRobj×qunitpCalculating to obtain the DPR of the target pressure drop velocityobjCorresponding gas well design production allocation qobj：
3) Reference to said and target pressure drop velocity DPRobjCorresponding gas well design production allocation qobjAdjusting the production rate of the gas well toThe pressure drop velocity is adjusted to a target pressure drop velocity.
The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are: according to the method, the wellhead casing pressure and the corresponding accumulated gas production rate when the gas well reaches the quasi-stable production stage are utilized, the unit pressure drop gas production rate of the gas well can be determined according to the flowing substance balance theory, and the unit pressure drop gas production rate is multiplied by the target pressure drop speed, so that the designed production allocation of the gas well corresponding to the target pressure drop speed is obtained. Compared with a mode of acquiring formation pressure, the mode of acquiring wellhead casing pressure is simple, so that the pressure drop speed can be adjusted to the target pressure drop speed without acquiring the change data of the formation pressure, the cost is low, the operability is high, the wellhead casing pressure acquisition method is effective and practical, and the wellhead casing pressure acquisition method has good popularization and use values.
Further, determining the unit pressure drop gas production rate q of the gas well according to the wellhead casing pressure and the corresponding accumulated gas production rate of the gas well in the stage of reaching the quasi-stable production of the gas wellunitpThe method comprises the following steps: performing linear fitting on wellhead casing pressure and corresponding accumulated gas production rate of a gas well in a production stage reaching a quasi-stable state to obtain a linear relational expression between the wellhead casing pressure and the accumulated gas production rate, and determining the unit pressure drop gas production rate q of the gas well according to the linear relational expressionunitp。
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a stimulation design method of the present invention for controlling the pressure drop rate of a gas well;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the variation of wellhead casing pressure and accumulated gas production during a period of time for gas well production to stabilize in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of wellhead casing pressure as a function of time during a period of time in which the gas well of the present invention is being simulated for steady state production.
Detailed Description
The method can quantitatively design the gas well production allocation to control the pressure drop speed of the gas well to be about the target pressure drop speed on the basis of deducing the relationship among the gas well gas production rate, the gas well pressure drop speed and the gas well elastic productivity (unit pressure drop gas production rate). The derivation of the relationship between the three is described first.
1. Gas well pressure drop speed and gas well gas production rate relation model derivation
The total pore volume of the gas supply area controlled by the gas well is V, the gas reservoir temperature is T, and the gas supply area and the gas reservoir temperature have small changes in the whole development process, so that the gas supply area and the gas reservoir temperature are assumed to be kept unchanged in the development process. Let the average pressure in the gas supply area of the gas well at the moment a be PaThe mole number of the gas is naGas deviation factor of Za(ii) a Let the average pressure in the gas well control area at the moment b be PbThe mole number of the gas is nbGas deviation factor of Zb。
Defining the ratio of pressure to deviation factor as pseudo-pressure, i.e.:
Figure BDA0002444752780000021
the pseudo pressure ratios at the time points a and b are respectively:
Figure BDA0002444752780000022
Figure BDA0002444752780000023
then the gas state equation of the gas supply area of the gas well is:
PaV＝ZanaRT (4)
similarly, the gas state equations of the gas supply area of the gas well at the moment b are respectively as follows:
PbV＝ZbnbRT (5)
from formulas (2) and (4):
PsaV＝naRT (6)
from formulas (3) and (5):
PsbV＝nbRT (7)
from formulas (6) and (7):
(Psa-Psb)V＝(na-nb)RT (8)
let the production days from time a to time b be delta t days, and the average daily gas production on the earth surface be qscSurface density of produced gas is rhoscThen during this period the gas mass produced by the reservoir is:
m＝ρscqscΔt (9)
letting the molar molecular weight of the natural gas be M, then, according to the relationship between the moles and the mass of the produced natural gas, it can be obtained as follows:
m＝(na-nb)M (10)
from formulas (9) and (10):
ρscqscΔt＝(na-nb)M 11)
from formula (11):
Figure BDA0002444752780000031
from formulas (8) and (12):
Figure BDA0002444752780000032
if the production time deltat from time a to time b is not so long and the gas production is not too much, then the formation pressure will not change much, and therefore the deviation factors at the two times a, b can be considered approximately equal and equal to the deviation factor at the average formation pressure over the production period between the two times
Figure BDA0002444752780000033
(average deviation factor in production period for short), namely:
Figure BDA0002444752780000034
from formulae (2), (3) and (14):
Figure BDA0002444752780000035
from formulas (13) and (15):
Figure BDA0002444752780000036
let the formation pressure decrease rate from time a to time b be DPR, i.e.:
Figure BDA0002444752780000037
from formulas (16) and (17):
Figure BDA0002444752780000041
equation (18) models the relationship between the pressure drop rate of the gas well and the gas production rate of the gas well. It can be seen from the model that the pressure drop rate in the gas supply zone of a gas well is directly proportional to its gas production and inversely proportional to the void volume of the gas supply zone.
2. Gas well design production allocation model derivation under target pressure drop speed
Obtained by the formula (16):
Figure BDA0002444752780000042
during the period from the moment a to the moment b, the volume of the gas well accumulated gas production is QcumThen, there are:
Qcum＝qscΔt (20)
from formulas (19) and (20):
Figure BDA0002444752780000043
obtained by the formula (21):
Figure BDA0002444752780000044
from formulas (18) and (22):
Figure BDA0002444752780000045
order:
Figure BDA0002444752780000046
from formula (23) and formula (24):
qsc＝DPR×qunitp (25)
equation (25) is a gas well production allocation model based on the pressure drop velocity, qscGas well gas production, DPR gas well pressure drop rate, qunitpIs the gas production per unit pressure drop of the gas well (the elastic capacity of the gas well). According to the flowing substance balance theory, when the gas well reaches a quasi-stable seepage state, the change value of the wellhead casing pressure of the gas well (casing pressure descending speed) is basically consistent with the change value of the formation pressure (formation pressure descending speed), and in practical application, straight line fitting can be carried out through the relation data between the gas well accumulated gas production rate and the wellhead casing pressure, so that the unit pressure drop gas production rate of the gas well after the gas well reaches a quasi-stable stage is obtained.
On the basis, the production allocation design method for controlling the pressure drop speed of the gas well can be realized, and the flow is shown in figure 1.
The method comprises the steps of firstly, selecting data of a gas well in a production stage reaching the stability simulation according to gas well dynamic data for analysis, wherein wellhead casing pressure and time in the stage are in a linear change relation, and the production data in the period are changed into a production data section simulating the stability.
Step two, fitting to obtain a linear relation expression of the wellhead casing pressure and the corresponding accumulated gas production rate data in the pseudo-stable production data section in the step one, and determining by adopting methods such as flowing substance balance and the likeDetermining the unit pressure drop gas production rate q of the gas wellunitp。
Step three, according to the target pressure drop speed DPRobjAnd gas production q per pressure dropunitpIs represented by the formula qobj＝DPRobj×qunitpThe DPR of the ground speed can be obtainedobjCorresponding gas well design production allocation qobj. Production allocation q designed with reference to the gas wellobjAnd adjusting the production allocation of the gas well to adjust the pressure drop speed to the target pressure drop speed.
The method is applied to a specific example to illustrate the effectiveness of the method. For example, in an XX gas well, the wellhead casing pressure versus time after one year of operation is shown in fig. 3, wherein the abscissa of the graph is time Date and the ordinate is wellhead casing pressure Pcasing. As can be seen from fig. 3, the wellhead casing pressure between 1/2019 and 1/31/2019 is linear with time, and the quasi-stable seepage state has been reached. During the period, the pressure drop speed is 0.0066MPa/d, and in order to further adjust the pressure drop speed to 0.005MPa/d, the production allocation adjustment design is required.
Step one, in fig. 3, the wellhead casing pressure of the XX gas well between 2019 year 1 month and 1 day to 2019 year 1 month and 31 day is in a linear relation with the time, and the time period between 2019 year 1 month and 1 day to 2019 year 1 month and 31 day can be taken as the quasi-stable production time period.
And step two, acquiring wellhead casing pressure and accumulated gas production within the XX gas well quasi-stable production time period (between 1 month and 1 day of 2019 and 1 month and 31 day of 2019), wherein as shown in fig. 2, the wellhead casing pressure Pcasing is taken as a vertical coordinate, and the accumulated gas production Gp is taken as a horizontal coordinate. Linear fitting is carried out on the two to obtain a linear relation expression of the two, wherein the linear relation expression is-0.0054 x +14.407, and the correlation R is20.9386. The absolute value of the slope of the fitted straight line corresponding to the linear expression is 0.0054 Mpa/ten thousand square, so that the unit pressure drop gas production rate of the XX well in the quasi-stable production time period is as follows:
Figure BDA0002444752780000051
step three, according to the target pressure drop speed DPRobj0.005Mpa/d and the gas production rate per pressure drop q obtained in step twounitp185.19 ten thousand squares/Mpa, represented by the formula qobj＝DPRobj×qunitpThe DPR of the pressure drop velocity and the target pressure drop velocity can be calculatedobjCorresponding gas well design production allocation qobj＝0.9259×104m3/d。
And during 2019 and 2 months, referring to the gas well design production allocation q obtained in the third stepobj＝0.9259×104m3The XX gas well is adjusted in production allocation, and the actual average daily gas production during 2 months is 0.96 multiplied by 104m3And d, as shown in fig. 3, performing linear fitting on the wellhead casing pressure and the time to obtain a linear relation expression of y-0.0052 x +238.9, wherein the correlation R is20.7659, i.e. an actual pressure drop rate of 0.0052MPa/d over a period of 2 months, which is substantially identical to the target pressure drop rate of 0.005 MPa/d.
On the whole, the method does not need to obtain the change condition data of the formation pressure and is used for guiding the quantitative production allocation design for controlling the pressure drop speed of the gas well, and the method is simple, low in cost, strong in operability, effective and practical and has good popularization and use values.

Claims (2)

1. A production allocation design method for controlling the pressure drop speed of a gas well is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) determining the unit pressure drop gas production rate q of the gas well according to the wellhead casing pressure and the corresponding accumulated gas production rate of the gas well in the stage of reaching the quasi-stable production of the gas wellunitp(ii) a The quasi-stable production stage refers to a time period when wellhead casing pressure and time are in a linear change relation;
2) DPR according to target pressure drop speedobjAnd gas production per unit pressure drop qunitpSubstituted into the formula qobj＝DPRobj×qunitpCalculating to obtain the DPR of the target pressure drop velocityobjCorresponding gas well design production allocation qobj；
3) Reference to said and target pressure drop velocity DPRobjCorresponding gas well design production allocation qobjAnd adjusting the production allocation of the gas well to adjust the pressure drop speed to the target pressure drop speed.
2. The method of claim 1 where the gas well is assigned a production rate that is determined based on the wellhead casing pressure and the corresponding cumulative gas production rate at the time the gas well reaches the pseudo-steady state production stage, and wherein the gas well is determined for the gas well for a specific gas production rate qunitpThe method comprises the following steps: performing linear fitting on wellhead casing pressure and corresponding accumulated gas production rate of a gas well in a production stage reaching a quasi-stable state to obtain a linear relational expression between the wellhead casing pressure and the accumulated gas production rate, and determining the unit pressure drop gas production rate q of the gas well according to the linear relational expressionunitp。
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