CN113514880A - Construction method for superposition speed at intersection point of two-dimensional measuring lines - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a construction method of a stacking acceleration at a two-dimensional line intersection point, belonging to the technical field of seismic exploration. The method comprises the following steps: determining an intersection point, wherein the intersection point is the intersection point of the intersection positions of the at least two measuring lines; selecting and combining the CMP gather corresponding to each measuring line in the intersection point coordinate setting range to form a super gather of the intersection point; generating a velocity spectrum file according to the super gather of the intersection point, and picking up the superposition velocity of the intersection point in the velocity spectrum file; and respectively adding the superposition speed of the intersection point into the corresponding superposition speed field of each measuring line, and obtaining a superposition speed field with closed speed at the intersection point after interpolation processing. The invention ensures the accuracy of the stacking acceleration at the intersection point, and the stacking velocity at the intersection point is added into the velocity field of each measuring line, so that the aim of consistent stacking velocity at the intersection point can be achieved, and the closing of the stacking velocity at the intersection point of the two-dimensional measuring lines can be simply and accurately realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a construction method of a stacking acceleration at a two-dimensional line intersection point, belonging to the technical field of seismic exploration.
Background
In the field of seismic exploration, the closure difference of intersection points of two-dimensional seismic exploration intersecting measuring lines has great influence on the precision of two-dimensional seismic data interpretation results. Journal article with the name of "poor closure due to non-closure of stacking velocity" is disclosed in the journal article published as "oil geophysical prospecting" at volume 26, volume 3, and the article discovers through analysis of closure points that the reasons for non-closure of intersection points mainly include four: 1. the section is reversed; 2. the shot hole depth changes suddenly; 3. the diving surface changes due to different construction years; 4. the superposition speed of the intersection points of the measuring lines is not closed; 5. the influence of other factors.
Among the above reasons, the lack of closure of the stacking velocity not only causes a large closure difference and affects the accuracy of the seismic tectonic chart, but also causes changes in waveform, frequency and amplitude and affects lithology interpretation work. In the two-dimensional seismic data processing, each two-dimensional measuring line is independently subjected to velocity analysis and pickup, so that the stacking velocities of different measuring lines at the intersection point are inconsistent, which is a main factor of unclosed stacking velocities.
Therefore, methods for correcting the superimposed acceleration field have been proposed, such as: the Chinese patent document with the publication number of CN 101750628B discloses a method for correcting the closing error of a two-dimensional superposition velocity and a root-mean-square velocity field, which comprises the steps of firstly obtaining T0Curved surface and T0Closing the time difference delta T of each measuring line before correction, and performing reference surface correction on the stacking acceleration by using the delta T, wherein when the delta T is larger than 0, the correction speed is the land surface filling speed, and when the delta T is smaller than 0, the speed on the speed spectrum for the correction speed is corrected; for effects caused by apparent dip angle when the stacking velocity is converted to root mean square velocityAnd the closing difference of the root mean square velocity is obtained by firstly obtaining the time slope of the superposed section of the main survey line and the connecting survey line, solving the view inclination angle and the root mean square velocity in different survey line directions, calculating the weighting coefficient at the intersection point, interpolating and normalizing the weighting coefficient at the intersection point, and weighting and superposing the root mean square velocity of the main survey line and the connecting survey line by using the weighting coefficients in different survey line directions to obtain the final root mean square velocity field. The method scientifically and effectively eliminates the closing difference of the cross-measurement linear velocity and improves the precision of the velocity field of the two-dimensional earthquake work area. However, the correction process weights the velocity at the intersection, which results in inaccurate stacking velocity at the intersection, and the whole process is complicated and inefficient.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a construction method of a stacking speed at a two-dimensional measuring line intersection point, which is used for solving the problem of inaccurate stacking speed at the existing intersection point.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a method for constructing the stacking velocity at the intersection point of two-dimensional measuring lines, which comprises the following steps:
determining an intersection point, wherein the intersection point is the intersection point of the intersection positions of the at least two measuring lines;
selecting the CMP gather of each corresponding measuring line in the intersection point coordinate setting range to combine to form a super gather of the intersection point;
generating a velocity spectrum file according to the super gather of the intersection point, and picking up the superposition velocity of the intersection point in the velocity spectrum file;
and adding the superposition speed of the intersection point into the corresponding superposition speed field of each measuring line, and obtaining a superposition speed field with closed speed at the intersection point after interpolation processing.
The beneficial effects are that: the method selects the CMP gather near the intersection point, combines the CMP gather in the set range of the intersection point into the super gather, and further picks up the stacking speed of the intersection point in the super gather, so that the accuracy of the stacking acceleration at the intersection point is ensured, and the stacking speed at the intersection point is added into the speed field of each measuring line, so that the purpose of consistent stacking speed at the intersection point can be achieved.
Further, in order to obtain intersection point coordinates, the intersection point coordinates are obtained through calculation according to coordinates of the shot point and the demodulator probe in each survey line.
Further, in order to accurately obtain the intersection point coordinates, the method for calculating the intersection point coordinates is a straight line intersection point algorithm.
Further, in order to improve the accuracy of the stacking acceleration at the intersection point, the setting range of the intersection point coordinate is determined according to the signal-to-noise ratio of each measuring line at the intersection point coordinate and the stratigraphic dip angle.
Further, in order to realize the formation of the super gather, the process of forming the super gather of the intersection point is as follows: and combining the CMP gather of each corresponding measuring line in the intersection point coordinate setting range according to the offset distance to form the super gather of the intersection point.
Further, in order to accurately obtain the velocity spectrum file, the specific process of generating the velocity spectrum file is as follows: and generating a velocity spectrum file for the super gather of the intersection point according to the change of the amplitude of the superposition record along with the superposition velocity.
Further, the method of picking up the stacking velocity of the intersection point includes: and (4) performing velocity pickup on the velocity spectrum file according to the intensity of the energy bolus and the superposition velocity of each measuring line at the intersection point.
Further, to obtain the stacking velocity of each line, the stacking velocity field of each line is obtained from the CMP gather of each line.
Further, the interpolation processing is as follows: if the intersection point is the intersection point of the intersection of the first measuring line and the second measuring line, the interpolation processing is as follows: and adding the stacking acceleration at the intersection point into the stacking velocity fields of the first measuring line and the second measuring line respectively, performing interpolation respectively to obtain a first interpolation velocity and a second interpolation velocity, and performing interpolation on the first interpolation velocity and the second interpolation velocity to obtain a stacking velocity field with a closed velocity at the intersection point.
Further, in order to perform interpolation processing accurately, the interpolation method is a linear interpolation method.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for constructing a stacking velocity at a two-dimensional line intersection according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of the two-dimensional line location of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of a two-dimensional linear velocity profile closure of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the present application is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the application, i.e., the embodiments described are only a subset of, and not all embodiments of the application. The components of the embodiments of the present application, generally described and illustrated in the figures herein, can be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application, presented in the accompanying drawings, is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed application, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the application. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present application without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
It is noted that relational terms such as "first" and "second," and the like, may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The method of the present application is described in further detail below with reference to examples.
The embodiment of the method for constructing the folding acceleration at the intersection point of the two-dimensional measuring lines comprises the following steps:
the method for constructing the stacking velocity at the intersection point of the two-dimensional measuring lines, which is provided by the embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, includes the following steps:
1) and (4) counting and determining the intersection points of all the measuring lines, and selecting the CMP gather of each corresponding measuring line in the set range of the coordinates of the intersection points.
In this embodiment, an intersection of two measurement lines is taken as an example for explanation, and specifically: counting the x and y coordinates of the shot point and the demodulator probe in all the survey lines, and calculating the intersection point coordinates of all the survey lines based on a straight line intersection point algorithm; and determining the coordinates of an intersection point of the first measuring line and the second measuring line, taking the intersection point as an example, and selecting the CMP gather in the corresponding first measuring line and the second measuring line in the intersection point coordinate setting range.
The set range is determined according to the stratigraphic dip angle and the signal-to-noise ratio at the intersection point coordinate of the first measuring line and the second measuring line according to the following steps: the larger the formation dip angle, the smaller the range selection, the higher the signal-to-noise ratio, the smaller the selection range, and the selection range is generally 100-500 m.
CMP gather, common midpoint gather: the gather is the most common gather form in seismic data processing, all the gathers in the gather come from the same central point, the gather of common central point can be obtained by drawing the gather, it is the frequently used CMP gather, the gather carries on dynamic correction, horizontal stack, can get the horizontal stack section. The construction of the velocity field is therefore performed using a CMP gather.
2) And combining the CMP gather of the corresponding first measuring line and the second measuring line in the set range of the coordinate of the selected intersection point to form a super gather of the intersection point.
In this embodiment, the CMP gathers of the first and second lines are combined at offset distances to form a gather of the intersection. The method specifically comprises the following steps: obtaining CMP gathers for the first and second lines, and obtaining an offset grouping parameter, the offset grouping parameter comprising: grouping the minimum offset, the maximum offset, the initial offset range, the offset tolerance and the offset group number according to the offset grouping parameters, and counting the total number of tracks in each group; respectively carrying out horizontal superposition summation on the sample point data of all seismic channels in the same offset group, and dividing the sum by the total channel number of each group to obtain one sample point data of each group; and merging the sample point data of each group into a super-channel set with the number of channels being the number of offset groups according to the offset from small to large.
The advantages of the super gather are that: 1. improving the number of coverage and improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the gather; 2. the space sampling interval is shortened, the space aliasing is prevented, and a better velocity spectrum can be generated.
3) Generating a velocity spectrum file according to the super gather of the intersection point, and picking up the superposition velocity of the intersection point in the velocity spectrum file;
the method specifically comprises the following steps: and for the super gather of the intersection point, carrying out azimuth isotropic velocity scanning on the super gather data through a preset scanning velocity interval according to the change of the amplitude of the superposition record along with the superposition velocity, obtaining an azimuth isotropic velocity spectrum of the current analysis point, generating a velocity spectrum file, and carrying out superposition velocity pickup on the velocity spectrum file according to the intensity of the energy mass (namely the intensity of the energy mass) and the superposition velocity of the first measuring line and the second measuring line at the intersection point (the reference here also means combination, and the superposition velocity of the first measuring line and the second measuring line at the intersection point is the superposition velocity at the position close to the intersection point). Picking up the stacking velocity by the super gather is prior art and will not be described herein.
The process of actually picking up the stacking velocity is to load the velocity spectrum file into velocity picking software such as OMEGA, PROMAX, FOCUS, or CGG.
4) And respectively adding the superposition speed of the intersection point into the superposition speed field of the first measuring line and the superposition speed field of the second measuring line, and performing interpolation processing to obtain a superposition speed field with closed speed at the intersection point.
Specifically, interpolation processing is performed according to a linear interpolation algorithm, the stacking velocity at the intersection point is added to the stacking velocities of the first measuring line and the second measuring line, interpolation is performed based on the linear interpolation algorithm to obtain a first interpolation velocity and a second interpolation velocity, and the first interpolation velocity and the second interpolation velocity are subjected to linear interpolation to obtain a closed stacking velocity field of the velocity at the intersection point.
If the first measuring line and the plurality of measuring lines have intersection points at different positions, the superposition speed at all the intersection points is added into the superposition speed field of the measuring line, and linear interpolation is uniformly carried out to obtain a final superposition speed field.
The superimposed velocity field of the first measurement line is obtained according to the CMP gather of the first measurement line, the superimposed velocity field of the second measurement line is obtained according to the CMP gather of the second measurement line, and the implementation process of obtaining the superimposed velocity field through the CMP gather is consistent with the manner of obtaining the superimposed velocity field through the super gather, which is not described herein again.
The present invention has been described above by taking the intersection of the first line and the second line as an example, but it is needless to say that all the intersections are processed by this method.
The embodiment of the two-dimensional measuring line intersection point stacking acceleration construction method comprises the following steps:
the difference between the method for constructing the stacking velocity at the intersection point of the two-dimensional measuring lines in the embodiment and the embodiment i is that the intersection point in the embodiment i is the intersection point of two measuring lines, and the intersection point in the embodiment is the intersection point of three, four or even more measuring lines.
The specific construction method of the stacking speed at the intersection point of the two-dimensional measuring lines comprises the following steps:
1) and counting the x and y coordinates of the shot point and the demodulator probe in all the measuring lines, calculating the intersection point coordinates of all the measuring lines based on a straight line intersection point algorithm, and selecting the CMP gather of each corresponding measuring line in the intersection point coordinate setting range for the intersection points of three or more measuring lines. The corresponding measuring lines here refer to all measuring lines forming the intersection.
2) And combining the CMP gather of each corresponding measuring line in the selected intersection point coordinate setting range according to the offset distance to form the super gather of the intersection point.
3) A velocity spectrum file is generated from the super gather of the intersection point, and the stacking velocity of the intersection point is picked up in the velocity spectrum file.
4) And respectively adding the superposition speed of the intersection point into the corresponding superposition speed field of each measuring line, and obtaining a superposition speed field with closed speed at the intersection point after interpolation processing.
The specific implementation process of each step in this embodiment is the same as that in the first embodiment, and is not described herein again.
To facilitate understanding of the aspects of the embodiments of the present invention and their effects, a specific application example is given below. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that this example is merely for the purpose of facilitating an understanding of the present invention and that any specific details thereof are not intended to limit the invention in any way.
Selecting a two-dimensional measuring line of a certain area as shown in figure 2 to perform intersection point superposition velocity analysis, wherein figure 2 shows a schematic diagram of the position of the two-dimensional measuring line in the area, and the construction method of the superposition velocity at the intersection point of the two-dimensional measuring line comprises the following steps:
and counting the x and y coordinates of shot points and demodulator probes of all survey lines, calculating the intersection point coordinates of all survey lines based on a straight line intersection algorithm, and selecting the CMP gather of each corresponding intersected survey line in the intersection point coordinate setting range.
And combining the CMP gathers of a plurality of intersecting measuring lines within the intersection point setting range according to the offset distance to form a super gather of the intersection point positions of the measuring lines.
And generating a speed spectrum file of the intersection point position according to the super gather of the intersection point position of the measuring lines, loading the speed spectrum file into corresponding speed pickup software, and performing speed pickup to obtain the stacking acceleration at the intersection point.
And respectively adding the stacking velocities at all the intersection points into the stacking velocities of all the intersecting measuring lines, and performing linear interpolation on the stacking velocities of all the measuring lines (including the stacking acceleration at the intersection points) based on a linear interpolation algorithm to obtain a closed stacking velocity field of the intersection velocity of all the measuring lines as shown in fig. 3.
Figure 3 shows a schematic representation of a two-dimensional linear velocity profile closure obtained according to the present invention. As can be seen from fig. 3, the two-dimensional line stacking velocity obtained according to one embodiment of the present invention has no closing difference at the intersection of the intersecting lines, and achieves the stacking velocity closing at the intersection of the two-dimensional lines, thereby providing reliable data support for data interpretation.
Embodiment three of the construction method of the folding acceleration at the intersection point of the two-dimensional measuring lines:
the difference between the two-dimensional line measurement intersection point stacking velocity construction method provided in this embodiment and the first embodiment is that the intersection point coordinate calculation method, in which the intersection point coordinate is obtained, is as follows: through the schematic diagram of the two-dimensional line measurement position as shown in fig. 2, the coordinates of each intersection point are directly read, and the method is simpler and more convenient.
The construction method of the stacking velocity at the intersection point of the two-dimensional measuring lines provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps:
determining an intersection point, wherein the intersection point is the intersection point of the intersection positions of the at least two measuring lines;
selecting the CMP gather of each corresponding measuring line in the intersection point coordinate setting range to combine to form a super gather of the intersection point;
generating a velocity spectrum file according to the super gather of the intersection point, and picking up the superposition velocity of the intersection point in the velocity spectrum file;
and adding the superposition speed of the intersection point into the corresponding superposition speed field of each measuring line, and obtaining a superposition speed field with closed speed at the intersection point after interpolation processing.
Other specific implementation processes of the two-dimensional line intersection stacking velocity construction method are the same as those in the first embodiment, and are not described herein.
The embodiment of the method for constructing the folding acceleration at the intersection point of the two-dimensional measuring lines is as follows:
the difference between the construction method of the stacking velocity at the intersection of the two-dimensional survey lines provided by the embodiment and the first embodiment is that the setting range is determined in the determination process of the setting range, in the embodiment, the setting range of the intersection coordinate is determined according to the signal-to-noise ratio of each survey line at the intersection coordinate or the formation dip angle, in the first embodiment, the signal-to-noise ratio and the bottom dip angle are analyzed simultaneously, and in the embodiment, only one of the two measurement lines is selected for analysis.
The construction method of the stacking velocity at the intersection point of the two-dimensional measuring lines provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps:
determining an intersection point, wherein the intersection point is the intersection point of the intersection positions of the at least two measuring lines;
selecting the CMP gather of each corresponding measuring line in the intersection point coordinate setting range to combine to form a super gather of the intersection point;
generating a velocity spectrum file according to the super gather of the intersection point, and picking up the superposition velocity of the intersection point in the velocity spectrum file;
and adding the superposition speed of the intersection point into the corresponding superposition speed field of each measuring line, and obtaining a superposition speed field with closed speed at the intersection point after interpolation processing.
Other specific implementation processes of the two-dimensional line intersection stacking velocity construction method are the same as those in the first embodiment, and are not described herein.
Embodiment five of the method for constructing the folding acceleration at the intersection point of the two-dimensional measuring lines:
the difference between the two-dimensional line intersection point stacking velocity construction method provided in this embodiment and the first embodiment is in the process of interpolation processing, in this embodiment, a uniform interpolation is performed according to the stacking velocity of the intersection point and the stacking velocities of the lines to obtain a velocity-closed stacking velocity field at the intersection point, and in the first embodiment, the stacking velocity of the intersection point is added to the stacking velocities of the lines, and the obtained stacking velocities after interpolation of the lines are interpolated again to obtain a velocity-closed stacking velocity field at the intersection point.
The construction method of the stacking velocity at the intersection point of the two-dimensional measuring lines provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps:
determining an intersection point, wherein the intersection point is the intersection point of the intersection positions of the at least two measuring lines;
selecting the CMP gather of each corresponding measuring line in the intersection point coordinate setting range to combine to form a super gather of the intersection point;
generating a velocity spectrum file according to the super gather of the intersection point, and picking up the superposition velocity of the intersection point in the velocity spectrum file;
and adding the superposition speed of the intersection point into the corresponding superposition speed field of each measuring line, and obtaining a superposition speed field with closed speed at the intersection point after interpolation processing.
Other specific implementation processes of the two-dimensional line intersection stacking velocity construction method are the same as those in the first embodiment, and are not described herein.
The present invention has been described in relation to particular embodiments thereof, but the invention is not limited to the described embodiments. In the thought given by the present invention, the technical means in the above embodiments are changed, replaced, modified in a manner that is easily imaginable to those skilled in the art, and the functions are basically the same as the corresponding technical means in the present invention, and the purpose of the invention is basically the same, so that the technical scheme formed by fine tuning the above embodiments still falls into the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A construction method of superposition speed at a two-dimensional line-measuring intersection point is characterized by comprising the following steps:
determining an intersection point, wherein the intersection point is the intersection point of the intersection positions of the at least two measuring lines;
selecting the CMP gather of each corresponding measuring line in the intersection point coordinate setting range to combine to form a super gather of the intersection point;
generating a velocity spectrum file according to the super gather of the intersection point, and picking up the superposition velocity of the intersection point in the velocity spectrum file;
and adding the superposition speed of the intersection point into the corresponding superposition speed field of each measuring line, and obtaining a superposition speed field with closed speed at the intersection point after interpolation processing.
2. The method for constructing the stacking velocity at the intersection of two-dimensional survey lines according to claim 1, wherein the coordinates of the intersection are calculated from the coordinates of a shot point and a demodulator probe in each survey line.
3. The method for constructing the stacking velocity at the intersection of two-dimensional survey lines according to claim 2, wherein the method for calculating the coordinates of the intersection is a straight line intersection algorithm.
4. The method for constructing the stacking velocity at the intersection of two-dimensional survey lines according to claim 1, wherein the setting range of the intersection coordinate is determined according to the signal-to-noise ratio and/or the formation dip angle of each survey line at the intersection coordinate.
5. The method for constructing a stacking velocity at a two-dimensional line intersection according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the process of forming the super gather of the intersection is: and combining the CMP gather of each corresponding measuring line in the intersection point coordinate setting range according to the offset distance to form the super gather of the intersection point.
6. The method for constructing the stacking velocity at the intersection of the two-dimensional survey lines according to claim 1, wherein the specific process of generating the velocity spectrum file is as follows: and generating a velocity spectrum file for the super gather of the intersection point according to the change of the amplitude of the superposition record along with the superposition velocity.
7. The construction method of the stacking velocity at the intersection of two-dimensional survey lines according to claim 1 or 6, characterized in that the stacking velocity method for picking up the intersection is: and (4) performing velocity pickup on the velocity spectrum file according to the intensity of the energy bolus and the superposition velocity of each measuring line at the intersection point.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the velocity field of each line is obtained from a CMP gather of each line.
9. The method for constructing the stacking velocity at the intersection of two-dimensional lines according to claim 1, wherein if the intersection is an intersection at which a first line and a second line intersect, the interpolation processing is: and adding the stacking acceleration at the intersection point into the stacking velocity fields of the first measuring line and the second measuring line respectively, performing interpolation respectively to obtain a first interpolation velocity and a second interpolation velocity, and performing interpolation on the first interpolation velocity and the second interpolation velocity to obtain a stacking velocity field with a closed velocity at the intersection point.
10. The method for constructing a stacking velocity at a two-dimensional line intersection according to claim 1 or 9, wherein the interpolation method is a linear interpolation method.
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