CN113514361A - Micro-drill calibration system and method for testing mechanical properties while drilling - Google Patents
Micro-drill calibration system and method for testing mechanical properties while drilling Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a micro-drill calibration system and a micro-drill calibration method for testing mechanical properties while drilling, which are suitable for multilayer lamellar rock, hard soil and multilayer materials. The micro-drilling experiment machine is matched for use, a drill bit of the micro-drilling experiment machine is arranged at the bottom of a cross beam of the micro-drilling experiment machine, a footage sensor and a rotating speed monitoring system are arranged from top to bottom on a rotary axis of the cross beam of the micro-drilling experiment machine, the rotating speed monitoring system is arranged on the drill bit of the micro-drilling experiment machine, a three-layer disc combined structure placed on a platform of the micro-drilling experiment machine is arranged under the rotating speed monitoring system, and the three-layer disc combined structure comprises a drilling pressure monitoring system and a torque monitoring system. The device can achieve the effects of real-time monitoring and continuous acquisition of drilling parameters, is simple to operate, is convenient to use, and has good practical value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a micro-drill calibration system and a method, in particular to a micro-drill calibration system and a method for testing mechanical properties while drilling, which are suitable for multilayer lamellar rock, hard soil and multilayer materials.
Background
The micro-drilling test device is a small-sized drilling machine simulation platform for researching rock drillability and performing indoor simulated drilling in the drilling industry, and is mainly formed by modifying a table-type drilling machine or a specially manufactured small-sized simulation device capable of adjusting speed, torque and feeding speed. Generally, a rock block is clamped on a base with feeding pressure, a drill bit is arranged on a power head with adjustable torque or rotating speed, and the drilling speed, the drilling efficiency of flushing fluid flow and flushing fluid property and the working state of crushed rock are mainly detected for determining indexes such as optimal process parameters, flushing fluid modification formula and drillability grade of rock. Because based on the design of drilling parameters and rock crushing efficiency, the analysis of the relation between torque, rotating speed, footage speed, pump pressure, vibration and the like and the physical and mechanical properties of a sample is less carried out in the drilling process, the existing equipment has the defects of inaccurate centering, inaccurate feeding control, lack of installation conditions of measuring parts and no precise test conditions. Thus, a new approach is undertaken: in the drilling process, drilling parameters (drilling pressure, drilling speed, rotating speed, torque, axial displacement, flushing fluid amount and the like) are obtained in real time, and a foundation is laid for establishing a technical method for obtaining physical or mechanical parameters and characteristics of a measured sample through the drilling parameters in the future.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a micro-drill calibration system and method for testing mechanical properties while drilling, which have simple structure and convenient use
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the micro-drilling calibration system for the mechanical property test while drilling is matched with a micro-drilling experimental machine for use, a drill bit of the micro-drilling experimental machine is arranged at the bottom of a cross beam of the micro-drilling experimental machine, a rotary axis of the cross beam of the micro-drilling experimental machine is provided with a footage sensor and a rotating speed monitoring system from top to bottom, the rotating speed monitoring system is arranged on the drill bit of the micro-drilling experimental machine, a three-layer disc combined structure placed on a platform of the micro-drilling experimental machine is arranged right below the rotating speed monitoring system, and the three-layer disc combined structure comprises a drilling pressure monitoring system and a torque monitoring system;
the speed monitoring system comprises a fixed frame, a plurality of permanent magnets, a proximity switch and a fastening nut; the plurality of permanent magnets are even and symmetrically arranged on the drill bit of the micro-drilling experimental machine, the proximity switch is horizontally arranged on one side of the permanent magnets through a fixing frame, and fastening nuts are arranged at the connection part of the fixing frame and the proximity switch;
the three-layer disc combined structure comprises a first layer of iron round chassis, a second layer of iron round chassis and a third layer of iron round chassis which are arranged from bottom to top, wherein the first layer of chassis is fixed on a micro-drilling experiment machine, four through holes of M22 model are arranged on the disc surface of the first layer of chassis at equal intervals, four threaded holes of M12 model are symmetrically distributed along two mutually vertical diameters on the edge of the second layer of chassis, two pairs of threaded holes of M5 model are distributed along the diameter on the periphery, and a ring groove is arranged on the upper surface of the second layer of chassis; the upper part of the disc of the third layer is provided with two T-shaped grooves which are vertical to each other along the diameter direction, four rock sample holders are arranged in the T-shaped grooves in a sliding mode and matched with the rock sample holders, and the rock sample holders can move along the T-shaped grooves so as to be used for holding test rock samples of any specification; a circular groove is formed in the lower portion of the third layer of disc in an inner measuring mode, a thrust ball bearing is arranged between the circular groove in the upper surface of the second layer of base plate and the circular groove in the lower portion of the third layer of disc, and two pairs of M5 threaded holes are formed in the periphery of the thrust ball bearing in a diameter distribution mode;
the torque monitoring system is arranged between a second-layer iron round chassis and a third-layer iron round chassis and comprises a plurality of torque monitors arranged around a three-layer disc combined structure (III), each torque monitor comprises a miniature pressure sensor, a first angle steel and a second angle steel, the first angle steel and the second angle steel are oppositely arranged, the first angle steel is connected with the third-layer iron round chassis, the second angle steel is connected with the second-layer iron round chassis, the miniature pressure sensors are arranged on the second angle steel and between the first angle steel, a miniature pressure sensor fixer is arranged on the second angle steel and is in contact with the first angle steel, the first angle steel is fixed on the lower portion of the third-layer disc through an M5 threaded hole, and the second angle steel is fixed on the second-layer disc through an M5 threaded hole;
the bit pressure monitoring system comprises a plurality of pressure sensors arranged between a first layer of iron round chassis and a second layer of iron round chassis, the bottoms of the pressure sensors are respectively connected with M12 threaded holes of a first layer of discs in a matched mode through M12 threaded holes, and the tops of the pressure sensors are respectively connected with M12 threaded holes of a second layer of discs in a matched mode through threaded holes.
The first layer of chassis is an iron disc with the diameter of 365mm and the thickness of 10 mm; the size of the second layer of chassis is an iron disc with the diameter of 356mm and the thickness of 100mm, and a circular groove with the depth of 1mm, the inner diameter of 240mm and the outer diameter of 300mm is arranged in the upper part of the disc; the third layer of disc is an iron disc with the diameter of 417mm and the thickness of 22mm, and a circular groove with the depth of 1mm, the inner diameter of 240mm and the outer diameter of 300mm is formed in the lower part of the disc.
Four pressure values output by the pressure sensors are installed between the first layer of circular chassis and the second layer of circular chassis, and the sum of the pressure values is drilling pressure;
Fweight on bit＝F1+F2+F3+F4
In the formula, F1、F2、F3、F4The output values of the four pressure sensors are respectively in a unit N;
the bit pressure monitoring system is used for monitoring the upper drilling pressure, supporting the upper structure of the bit pressure monitoring system, and fixedly connecting the first layer of circular chassis and the second layer of circular chassis.
The torque monitoring system converts the torque measurement applied to the rock sample by the drill bit into pressure measurement applied to two micro pressure sensors through the rock sample holder and the thrust ball bearing;
M＝F×S
wherein F represents the pressure value applied to the miniature pressure sensor in N; s represents the force arm from the drill bit to the miniature sensor, and the unit is m; m represents torque in units of N M.
And a thrust ball bearing for fixing is fixedly arranged between the annular groove in the second layer of chassis and the annular groove in the third layer of chassis, so that the bearing and the chassis are prevented from moving relatively.
The T-shaped groove is used as a water flowing groove, the diameter of the third layer of circular base plate is larger than that of the first layer of circular base plate and that of the second layer of circular base plate, water can directly fall through the water flowing groove, and corrosion of water to all instruments below the third layer of base plate is reduced.
A calibration method of a micro drill calibration system for testing mechanical properties while drilling comprises the following steps:
a. eighteen sample blanks of cement mortar are prepared by using the cement yellow sand in proportion, and a test sample is formed after the cement mortar is maintained for more than 72 hours; the test device comprises three standard cylindrical samples for measuring the uniaxial compressive strength, three standard round cake samples for obtaining the tensile strength by the Brazilian splitting test, nine standard square samples for obtaining the shear strength and three square samples for carrying out the micro-drilling test by using the micro-drilling calibration system for testing the mechanical properties while drilling;
according to rock mechanics test specifications, attaching strain gauges to the three standard cylindrical samples, performing three uniaxial compression tests through a rock servo, and averaging obtained results to obtain uniaxial compression strength, Young modulus and Poisson ratio of the cement mortar samples; carrying out three times of Brazilian splitting tests on the three standard round cake samples, and averaging the obtained results to obtain the tensile strength; carrying out shear strength tests with shear angles of 50 degrees, 60 degrees and 70 degrees on every three nine standard square samples, and averaging the obtained results to obtain the shear strength, cohesive force and internal friction angle of the cement mortar samples; after obtaining mechanical parameters of the group of cement mortar such as compression resistance, tensile strength and shear resistance and deformation parameters such as Poisson ratio and Young modulus, carrying out micro-drilling experiments on the remaining three square samples;
b. placing one of the standard square samples on a third layer of iron round chassis of a three-layer disc combined structure (III), and adjusting a rock sample holder to slide on a T-shaped groove so as to fix the sample in the center of the third layer of iron round chassis to finish sample installation;
c. after the pattern is installed, a hydraulic control switch of the micro-drill test bed is turned on, so that the drill bit is in contact with the upper surface of the pattern, and then the hydraulic switch is turned off; starting a motor switch of the micro-drilling test bed to control the rotating speed of the drill bit to be a certain value, and resetting the readings of the two micro pressure sensors, the four pressure sensors and the feed sensor; opening the hydraulic control switch again to start drilling; the position of the upper drill bit part of the micro-drilling test bed is kept still, and the lower hydraulic structure of the micro-drilling test bed drives the three-layer disc combined structure (III) to move upwards to realize drilling; after the drill bit contacts the sample, the four pressure sensors receive the pressure starting reading in the drilling process; the rotation of the drill bit drives the thrust ball bearing to rotate, the torque force borne by the drill bit is converted into torque force which is applied to two miniature pressure sensors stacked beside the thrust ball bearing through first angle steel, and the torque force is detected; meanwhile, the footage sensor starts to record a time-depth curve; the approach switch starts to receive the change of the rotating speed after the drill bit contacts the sample; the torque monitoring system (I), the bit pressure monitoring system (IV), the rotating speed monitoring system (II) and the time depth signals recorded by the footage sensor are all under the same time sequence;
d. c, acquiring detection data by using a calculator, and recording and tracking the whole drilling process in the step c; when the displacement reading displayed by the footage sensor in real time is equal to the height of the sample, the sample is drilled through, the switch of the micro-drilling test bed is closed, the torque value detected by the torque monitoring system (I), the weight value detected by the weight monitoring system (IV), the rotating speed value detected by the rotating speed monitoring system (II) and the time displacement curve detected by the footage sensor are automatically stored in a computer, and one experiment is finished;
e. mounting a second square sample, keeping the hydraulic pressure of the micro-drilling test bed unchanged according to a control variable method, changing the rotating speed of the drill bit, repeating the step c and the step d to obtain drilling parameter curves under the same drilling pressure and different rotating speeds, and finishing the second test; c, mounting a third square sample, keeping the rotating speed of the drill bit unchanged, changing the hydraulic pressure of the micro-drilling test bed, and repeating the step c and the step d to obtain drilling parameter curves at the same rotating speed and different drilling pressures;
f. repeating the steps a to e, and changing the cement-yellow sand ratio, so that the physical and mechanical parameters of the cement mortar sample are changed, wherein fifteen samples obtain the physical and mechanical parameters of the samples under the same cement-yellow sand ratio, and the rest three square samples are subjected to micro-drilling tests, and then a second group of experiments and a third group of experiments are carried out;
g. c, sorting the data of the mechanical parameters and the deformation parameters of the sample obtained in the step a and the data of the drilling parameters such as the bit pressure, the rotating speed, the drilling speed, the torque and the like obtained in the steps b to e, and establishing a numerical relation between the numerical values of the physical mechanical parameters of the sample and the drilling parameters by using a mathematical statistics and machine learning method;
h. the heterogeneous general samples with various internal lithologies and structural surfaces including cracks and the like are calibrated through the sample with single internal lithology and homogeneous structural surface-free; according to a time displacement curve detected by a footage sensor (18), the shape, the change rule, the amplitude, the frequency and the trend of the detected drilling parameter curves such as the bit pressure, the rotating speed, the torque, the drilling speed and the like are utilized to depict the drilling progress, and the size and the occurrence of the internal structure surface and the cracks of the non-uniform sample are calibrated.
The invention has the advantages that,
the method has the advantages that the effects of real-time monitoring and continuous acquisition of drilling parameters can be achieved, and a data basis is provided for subsequent experimental data processing, analysis and research; the acquired data and the monitoring while drilling data obtained by the traditional drilling are more accurate;
the four selected pressure sensors, the two micro pressure sensors and the footage sensor can be replaced by sensors with higher precision or larger measuring range, so that the precision requirements of different experiments are met; when the experiment is not carried out, the sensor can be disassembled for maintenance, so that the service life of the sensor is prolonged;
thirdly, the equipment is simple to operate, convenient to use and high in practical value; .
The field traditional drilling test and the indoor test have the same principle and the same process, but the field traditional drilling test has serious lag between the drilling depth and the drilling parameters due to large equipment volume and cannot be matched; in an indoor test, due to the fact that the size is small (100mm-200mm), time and depth matching is good, the problem of hysteresis is negligible, all sensors are conducted under the same time sequence, and the mechanical property of the rock and soil while drilling can be accurately calibrated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a first layer of iron round chassis according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a second layer iron round chassis according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a third layer of iron round chassis according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the torque sensor system of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a torque sensor system according to the present invention
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a pressure sensor of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a three-layer disk structure of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a thrust ball bearing of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of various sensors of the present invention mounted on a micro-drill testing machine;
FIG. 10 is a graph comparing the experimental weight-on-bit versus displacement curves of the present invention.
In the figure: 1-a first layer of iron round chassis, 2-a first through hole, 3-a first M12 threaded hole, 4-a second layer of iron round chassis, 5-a first M5 threaded hole, 6-a first groove, 7-a second M12 threaded hole, 8-a third layer of iron round chassis, 9-a second groove, 10-a second M5 threaded hole, 11-a T-shaped groove, 12-a first 3# angle steel, 13-a second 3# angle steel, 14-a miniature pressure sensor, 15-a pressure sensor, 16-a pressure sensor M12 threaded hole, 17-a micro-drill experiment machine crossbeam, 18-a ruler sensor, 19-a fixed frame, 20-a core bit, 21-a permanent magnet, 22-a proximity switch, 23-a fastening nut, 24-a rock sample holder, 25-thrust ball bearing. I-torque monitoring system, II-rotating speed monitoring system, III-three-layer disc combined structure and IV-weight on bit monitoring system.
Detailed Description
The technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiment of the present invention:
as shown in fig. 9, the micro-drilling calibration system for mechanical property test while drilling of the present invention is used in combination with a micro-drilling test machine, wherein a drill bit 20 of the micro-drilling test machine is arranged at the bottom of a cross beam 17 of the micro-drilling test machine, a rotary axis of the cross beam 17 of the micro-drilling test machine is provided with a footage sensor 18 and a rotational speed monitoring system ii from top to bottom, the rotational speed monitoring system ii is arranged on the drill bit 20 of the micro-drilling test machine, a three-layer disc combination structure iii placed on a platform of the micro-drilling test machine is arranged right below the rotational speed monitoring system ii, and the three-layer disc combination structure iii comprises a bit pressure monitoring system iv and a torque monitoring system i;
the speed monitoring system II comprises a fixed frame 19, a plurality of permanent magnets 21, a proximity switch 22 and a fastening nut 23; the plurality of permanent magnets 21 are even and symmetrically arranged on the drill bit 20 of the micro-drilling experimental machine, the proximity switch 22 is horizontally arranged on one side of the permanent magnets 21 through a fixing frame 19, and a fastening nut 23 is arranged at the joint of the fixing frame 19 and the proximity switch 22;
as shown in fig. 1, fig. 2, fig. 3 and fig. 7, the three-layer disc combination structure iii includes a first layer of iron round chassis 1, a second layer of iron round chassis 4 and a third layer of iron round chassis 8, which are arranged from bottom to top, the first layer of chassis 1 is fixed on a micro-drilling experiment machine, four M22 type through holes 2 are arranged on the disc surface of the first layer of chassis 1 at equal intervals, four M12 type threaded holes 7 are symmetrically distributed along two mutually perpendicular diameters on the disc edge of the second layer of chassis 4, two pairs of M5 threaded holes 5 are distributed along the diameter on the periphery, and a circular groove 6 is arranged on the upper surface of the second layer of chassis 4; the upper part of the third layer of disc 8 is provided with two T-shaped grooves 11 which are vertical to each other along the diameter direction, four rock sample holders 24 matched with the T-shaped grooves 11 are arranged in the T-shaped grooves 11 in a sliding mode, and the rock sample holders 24 can move along the T-shaped grooves 11 so as to be used for holding test rock samples of any specification; a circular groove 9 is formed in the lower portion of the third layer of disc 8 in an inner measuring mode, a thrust ball bearing 25 is arranged between the circular groove 6 in the upper surface of the second layer of chassis 4 and the circular groove 9 in the lower portion of the third layer of disc 8, and as shown in fig. 8, two pairs of M5 threaded holes 10 are distributed in the periphery along the diameter; the torque monitoring system I converts the torque measurement applied on the rock sample by the drill bit into the pressure measurement applied on the two miniature pressure sensors 14 through the rock sample holder 24 and the thrust ball bearing 25;
M＝F×S
wherein F represents the pressure value applied to the miniature pressure sensor in N; s represents the force arm from the drill bit to the miniature sensor, and the unit is m; m represents torque in units of N M.
The first layer of chassis 1 is an iron disc with the diameter of 365mm and the thickness of 10 mm; the second layer of chassis 4 is an iron disc with the diameter of 356mm and the thickness of 100mm, and a circular groove 6 with the depth of 1mm, the inner diameter of 240mm and the outer diameter of 300mm is arranged in the upper part of the disc; the third layer of disc 8 is an iron disc with the diameter of 417mm and the thickness of 22mm, and a ring groove 9 with the depth of 1mm, the inner diameter of 240mm and the outer diameter of 300mm is arranged in the lower part of the disc. Four pressure values output by the pressure sensor 15 are installed between the first layer circular chassis 1 and the second layer circular chassis 4, and the sum of the pressure values is drilling pressure;
Fweight on bit＝F1+F2+F3+F4
In the formula, F1、F2、F3、F4The output values of the four pressure sensors are respectively in a unit N;
the weight on bit monitoring system IV is used for monitoring the upper drilling pressure, supporting the upper structure of the weight on bit monitoring system IV and fixedly connecting the first layer of circular chassis 1 and the second layer of circular chassis 4.
And a thrust ball bearing 25 for fixing is fixedly arranged between the annular groove 6 in the second layer of chassis 4 and the annular groove 9 in the third layer of chassis to prevent the bearing and the chassis from moving relatively.
The T-shaped groove 11 is used as a water flowing groove, the diameter of the third layer of circular base plate 8 is larger than that of the first layer of circular base plate 1 and that of the second layer of base plate 4, water can directly fall through the water flowing groove, and corrosion of the water to all instruments below the third layer of base plate 8 is reduced.
As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the torque monitoring system I is arranged between the second layer iron circular chassis 4 and the third layer iron circular chassis 8, the torque monitoring system I comprises a plurality of torque monitors arranged around the three-layer disc combination structure III, the torque monitor comprises a miniature pressure sensor 14, a first angle steel 12 and a second angle steel 13, the first angle steel 12 and the second angle steel 13 are oppositely arranged, wherein the first angle steel 12 is connected with a third layer of iron round chassis 8, the second angle steel 13 is connected with a second layer of iron round chassis 4, the miniature pressure sensor 14 is arranged on the second angle steel 13 and between the first angle steel 12, the miniature pressure sensor 14 is fixed on the second angle steel 13 and is in contact with the first angle steel 12, the first angle steel 12 is fixed at the lower part of the third layer of disc 8 through an M5 threaded hole 10, and the second angle steel 13 is fixed on the second layer of disc 4 through an M5 threaded hole 5;
the bit pressure monitoring system IV comprises a plurality of pressure sensors 15 arranged between a first layer of iron round chassis 1 and a second layer of iron round chassis 4, the bottoms of the pressure sensors 15 are respectively in matched connection with M12 threaded holes 3 of the first layer of discs 1 through M12 threaded holes 16, and the tops of the pressure sensors 15 are respectively in matched connection with M12 threaded holes 7 of the second layer of discs 4 through the threaded holes 16.
A calibration method of a micro drill calibration system for testing mechanical properties while drilling comprises the following steps:
a. eighteen sample blanks of cement mortar are prepared by using the cement yellow sand in proportion, and a test sample is formed after the cement mortar is maintained for more than 72 hours; the test device comprises three standard cylindrical samples for measuring the uniaxial compressive strength, three standard round cake samples for obtaining the tensile strength by the Brazilian splitting test, nine standard square samples for obtaining the shear strength and three square samples for carrying out the micro-drilling test by using the micro-drilling calibration system for testing the mechanical properties while drilling;
according to rock mechanics test specifications, attaching strain gauges to the three standard cylindrical samples, performing three uniaxial compression tests through a rock servo, and averaging obtained results to obtain uniaxial compression strength, Young modulus and Poisson ratio of the cement mortar samples; carrying out three times of Brazilian splitting tests on the three standard round cake samples, and averaging the obtained results to obtain the tensile strength; carrying out shear strength tests with shear angles of 50 degrees, 60 degrees and 70 degrees on every three nine standard square samples, and averaging the obtained results to obtain the shear strength, cohesive force and internal friction angle of the cement mortar samples; after obtaining mechanical parameters of the group of cement mortar such as compression resistance, tensile strength and shear resistance and deformation parameters such as Poisson ratio and Young modulus, carrying out micro-drilling experiments on the remaining three square samples;
b. placing one of the standard square samples on a third layer iron round chassis 8 of a three-layer disc combined structure III, and adjusting a rock sample holder 24 to slide on a T-shaped groove 11 so as to fix the sample in the center of the third layer iron round chassis 8, thereby completing sample installation;
c. after the pattern is installed, a hydraulic control switch of the micro-drilling test bed is turned on, so that the drill bit 20 is in contact with the upper surface of the pattern, and then the hydraulic switch is turned off; starting a motor switch of the micro-drilling test bed to control the rotating speed of the drill bit to be a certain value, and resetting the readings of the two micro pressure sensors 14, the four pressure sensors 15 and the feed rate sensor 18; opening the hydraulic control switch again to start drilling; the position of the upper drill bit part of the micro-drilling test bed is kept still, and the lower hydraulic structure of the micro-drilling test bed drives the three-layer disc combined structure III to move upwards to realize drilling; after the drill bit 20 contacts the sample, the four pressure sensors 15 receive the pressure start reading during drilling; the rotation of the drill bit 20 drives the thrust ball bearing 25 to rotate, the torque force applied to the drill bit 20 is converted into torque force which is applied to two miniature pressure sensors 14 stacked beside the thrust ball bearing 25 through first angle steel 12, and the torque force is detected; at the same time, the footage sensor 18 starts recording the time-depth curve; the proximity switch 22 starts to receive the change of the rotating speed after the drill bit 20 contacts the sample; the time depth signals recorded by the torque monitoring system I, the bit pressure monitoring system IV, the rotating speed monitoring system II and the footage sensor 18 are all under the same time sequence;
d. c, acquiring detection data by using a calculator, and recording and tracking the whole drilling process in the step c; when the displacement reading displayed by the footage sensor 18 in real time is equal to the height of the sample, the sample is drilled through, the switch of the micro-drilling test bed is closed, the torque value detected by the torque monitoring system I, the bit pressure value detected by the bit pressure monitoring system IV, the rotating speed value detected by the rotating speed monitoring system II and the time displacement curve detected by the footage sensor 18 are automatically stored in a computer, and one experiment is finished;
e. mounting a second square sample, keeping the hydraulic pressure of the micro-drilling test bed unchanged according to a control variable method, changing the rotating speed of the drill bit, repeating the step c and the step d to obtain drilling parameter curves under the same drilling pressure and different rotating speeds, and finishing the second test; c, mounting a third square sample, keeping the rotating speed of the drill bit unchanged, changing the hydraulic pressure of the micro-drilling test bed, and repeating the step c and the step d to obtain drilling parameter curves at the same rotating speed and different drilling pressures;
f. repeating the steps a to e, and changing the cement-yellow sand ratio, so that the physical and mechanical parameters of the cement mortar sample are changed, wherein fifteen samples obtain the physical and mechanical parameters of the samples under the same cement-yellow sand ratio, and the rest three square samples are subjected to micro-drilling tests, and then a second group of experiments and a third group of experiments are carried out;
g. c, sorting the data of the mechanical parameters and the deformation parameters of the sample obtained in the step a and the data of the drilling parameters such as the bit pressure, the rotating speed, the drilling speed, the torque and the like obtained in the steps b to e, and establishing a numerical relation between the numerical values of the physical mechanical parameters of the sample and the drilling parameters by using a mathematical statistics and machine learning method;
h. the heterogeneous general samples with various internal lithologies and structural surfaces including cracks and the like are calibrated through the sample with single internal lithology and homogeneous structural surface-free; according to a time displacement curve detected by a footage sensor (18), the shape, the change rule, the amplitude, the frequency and the trend of the detected drilling parameter curves such as the bit pressure, the rotating speed, the torque, the drilling speed and the like are utilized to depict the drilling progress, and the size and the occurrence of the internal structure surface and the cracks of the non-uniform sample are calibrated.
The first embodiment,
As shown in fig. 1, 2, 3 and 6, the first layer of circular chassis 1 is a ferrous disc with a diameter of 365mm and a thickness of 10 mm; 4 through holes 3 with a diameter of M22 were drilled in the chassis 1 for the purpose of being fixed to a micro drill tester. Near the disc border, four threaded holes 2M 12 are drilled in two diameters perpendicular to each other, the diameter of which corresponds to the size of the through hole 16 in the pressure sensor 15, for fixing the pressure sensor 15. The thickness of the first layer of iron disc 1 at the lowest part is not too thick or too thin, and the thickness is too large, so that more experiment space is occupied, and the experiment is difficult to develop; when the thickness is too small, the sum of the weight and the bit pressure of the upper part is not supported by enough strength, and the integral stability of the drilling machine is influenced, so that the thickness is selected to be 10mm in comprehensive consideration; the second layer of iron chassis 5 is an iron disk with the diameter of 365mm and the thickness of 10mm, a circular groove 6 with the inner diameter of 240mm, the outer diameter of 300mm and the depth of 1mm is milled in the upper surface of the chassis, the diameter of the circular groove corresponds to that of the upper thrust ball bearing 25, the purpose is to fix the thrust bearing 25, and the purpose is to limit the horizontal movement of the thrust bearing 25 to ensure the stability of the experiment; four threaded holes 7 of M12 are drilled at the boundary of the second layer chassis 4 in order to fix the pressure sensor 15; four threaded holes 4 of M5 are arranged along one diameter on the outer side, and are used for fixing the 3# angle steel 12 in a group; the third layer of iron chassis 7 is an iron disc 8 with the diameter of 417mm and the thickness of 21.7mm, two T-shaped grooves 11 which are vertical to each other along the diameter direction are arranged on the upper surface of the third layer of iron chassis, a circular groove 9 is milled at the bottom of the third layer of iron chassis, the size of the circular groove corresponds to that of the thrust ball bearing 25, and the third layer of iron chassis is correspondingly placed on the bearing; two groups of M5 threaded holes 10 are drilled along one diameter and used for fixing the 3# angle steel 14; the diameters of the first layer chassis 1 and the second layer chassis 4 are smaller than that of the third layer chassis 8, so that flushing liquid can fall along the edge of the original chassis in the experimental drilling process, the thrust ball bearing 25 and various sensors cannot be soaked, the friction influence on the experimental result caused by rusting of the thrust bearing is reduced, the sensors are protected, the service life is prolonged, and the experiment can be repeated; FIG. 6 is a three-layer disc structure III after installation;
as shown in fig. 4, the torque monitoring system i structurally comprises two opposite 3# angle steels 12 and 13 and a micro pressure sensor 14, the torque is measured by an indirect method, a rock sample holder 24 fastens a sample, and the sample is positioned in the middle of a disc, so that the distances from the sample to the micro pressure sensors 14 at two ends are equal; during the drilling process, the torque generated by rotation is converted into pressure applied to the microminiature pressure sensor 14 through the thrust ball bearing 25 fixed at the lower part of the third-layer chassis 8, and finally the torque is calculated by multiplying the obtained pressure value by the length of the force arm to finish torque measurement; the structure of the rotating speed monitoring system II comprises a fixed frame 19, a permanent magnet 21, a proximity switch 22 and a fastening nut 23, wherein 2N permanent magnets 21 are symmetrically arranged according to the experimental rotating speed and the requirement of the experiment on the rotating speed precision and are adsorbed on a drill rod, N is more than or equal to 2, the proximity switch 22 is arranged at the bottom of a cross beam 17 of the micro-drilling experimental machine by using the fixed frame 19 and the fastening nut 23, and when the drill rod rotates, the proximity switch 22 receives a pulse signal transmitted from the magnet 21 so as to obtain the rotating speed; the footage sensor 18 is fixed on the cross beam 17 of the drilling machine, the top of the probe of the footage sensor 18 is propped against the third layer of chassis 8, when the micro-drilling experimental machine works, the chassis drives the probe to move upwards so as to generate signal output, and the displacement is measured; the bit pressure monitoring system IV comprises four pressure sensors 15, wherein the top and the bottom of each pressure sensor 15 are respectively provided with an M12 through hole 16, and the pressure sensors are symmetrically fixed between the first layer of chassis 1 and the second layer of chassis 5 through screws, so that the stress of the pressure sensors is uniform, and the rock sample base can be fixed.
Specific examples of the present invention are given below.
In one embodiment, the calibration system and method for testing the mechanical properties while drilling of the rock and soil based on the micro-drilling fine test comprises the following steps:
and (3) utilizing the multi-parameter test while-drilling monitoring device of the micro-drilling experimental machine to adjust the whole set of chassis structure to be horizontal and align the center of the drill bit with the center of the third layer of chassis. Placing a self-made sample with the specification of 70.7 multiplied by 70.7mm and the strength of M10 on a third layer of iron chassis, and fixing the sample by a rock sample holder; selecting and installing a drilling speed, a rotating speed, a torque and a drilling pressure monitoring system according to the performance of the micro-drilling experimental machine, wherein a footage sensor is required to be vertical to the ground in the installation process, and pressure sensors are required to be symmetrically arranged; and (3) selecting and installing the micro pressure sensors according to the strength of the cement mortar test block, wherein the two micro pressure sensors are required to be symmetrically arranged and parallel to the ground, and the angle steel arranged below the third-layer chassis is required to be simultaneously contacted with the micro pressure sensors. Connecting each sensor to a data acquisition unit in a half-bridge mode, connecting the data acquisition unit to a computer, and balancing and resetting various sensors on the computer; firstly, turning on a flushing liquid switch, then turning on a switch of the micro-drilling experimental machine, and starting drilling; stopping drilling and storing data when the displacement value displayed on the computer is equal to the height of the test block of 70.7mm, namely the drilling depth; one test was completed.
The drilling curve was analyzed, taking the displacement-weight-on-bit curve as an example, as shown in fig. 9, the left side is a curve obtained by mixing cement with yellow sand at a ratio of 1: 4.02 prepared cement mortar sample, the right side is the sample that is made by two kinds of different ratio combinations, and upper portion cement sand ratio is 1: 4.02, pure cement is arranged at the lower part; the uniaxial compressive strength of the upper sample is 12.7MPa, the uniaxial compressive strength of the lower sample is 30.4MPa, and the drilling curve shows that the obtained drilling pressure value is a fixed value under the condition of controlling the rotating speed, the drilling speed and the drilling pressure to be unchanged for the cement mortar samples with the same proportion and single and uniform proportion; the obtained other drilling parameters are also fixed values, so that the numerical relationship between the physical and mechanical parameters of the sample and the drilling parameters can be obtained by a large amount of test data and a mathematical statistical method and a machine learning method;
on the right side of fig. 9, the interface between the upper and lower samples is not horizontal but an oblique cross section due to the artifacts of the manufacturing process. Through measurement, the highest position of the oblique section is 30mm away from the top surface, and the lowest position of the oblique section is 35mm away from the top surface. Analyzing the obtained displacement drilling pressure curve by drilling, wherein at the position of 0-10mm of drilling, the drilling pressure is suddenly increased and then quickly reduced to a stable state because the drill bit is just contacted with a sample and generates violent vibration; in a section of curve of 10mm-30mm, the drilling is stable, the bit pressure fluctuates up and down at 45N, the bit pressure starts to rise at a position of 30m, the bit pressure rises to the highest position at a position of 35mm and starts to tend to be stable, the width between the curves of 30mm-35mm just corresponds to the distance from the lowest point to the highest point of the inclined section of the rock core, and the production state of a connecting interface can be calibrated; from 35mm to 70mm, the weight on bit fluctuates above and below 250N. Experiments show that the displacement time curve has a good corresponding relation with the core obtained by drilling the sample, and the instant deep matching degree is good; by analyzing the shape, frequency, amplitude and trend of the drilling parameter curve, the occurrence of a structural surface or the contact relation of the stratum can be obtained; by combining the two curves, the physical and mechanical parameters and the internal structure relationship of the sample can be rapidly obtained in the drilling process, and fig. 10 is a finally generated comparison graph of the test weight-displacement curve.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a bore little brill calibration system of mechanical properties test along with boring, matches little brill experiment machine and uses, and drill bit (20) of little brill experiment machine set up in little brill experiment machine crossbeam (17) bottom, its characterized in that: a rotary axis of a micro-drilling experimental machine beam (17) of the micro-drilling experimental machine is provided with a feed rate sensor (18) and a rotating speed monitoring system (II) from top to bottom, the rotating speed monitoring system (II) is arranged on a drill bit (20) of the micro-drilling experimental machine, a three-layer disc combined structure (III) placed on a platform of the micro-drilling experimental machine is arranged right below the rotating speed monitoring system (II), and the three-layer disc combined structure (III) comprises a drilling pressure monitoring system (IV) and a torque monitoring system (I);
the speed monitoring system (II) comprises a fixed frame (19), a plurality of permanent magnets (21), a proximity switch (22) and a fastening nut (23); the plurality of permanent magnets (21) are even and symmetrically arranged on a drill bit (20) of the micro-drilling experiment machine, the proximity switch (22) is horizontally arranged on one side of the permanent magnets (21) through a fixing frame (19), and a fastening nut (23) is arranged at the joint of the fixing frame (19) and the proximity switch (22);
the three-layer disc combined structure (III) comprises a first layer of iron round chassis (1), a second layer of iron round chassis (4) and a third layer of iron round chassis (8) which are arranged from bottom to top, wherein the first layer of chassis (1) is fixed on a micro-drilling tester, four M22 model through holes (2) are arranged in the disc surface of the first layer of chassis (1) at equal intervals, four M12 model threaded holes (7) are symmetrically distributed along two mutually vertical diameters on the disc edge of the second layer of chassis (4), two pairs of M5 threaded holes (5) are distributed along the diameter on the periphery, and a ring groove (6) is arranged on the upper surface of the second layer of chassis (4); the upper part of the third layer of disc (8) is provided with two T-shaped grooves (11) which are vertical to each other along the diameter direction, four rock sample holders (24) matched with the T-shaped grooves (11) are arranged in the T-shaped grooves (11) in a sliding mode, and the rock sample holders (24) can move along the T-shaped grooves (11) so as to be used for holding test rock samples of any specification; a circular groove (9) is formed in the lower portion of the third layer of disc (8) in an inner measuring mode, a thrust ball bearing (25) is arranged between the circular groove (6) in the upper surface of the second layer of chassis (4) and the circular groove (9) in the lower portion of the third layer of disc (8), and two pairs of M5 threaded holes (10) are distributed in the periphery along the diameter direction;
the torque monitoring system (I) is arranged between a second layer iron circular chassis (4) and a third layer iron circular chassis (8), the torque monitoring system (I) comprises a plurality of torque monitors arranged around a three-layer disc combined structure (III), each torque monitor comprises a micro pressure sensor (14), a first angle steel (12) and a second angle steel (13), the first angle steel (12) and the second angle steel (13) are oppositely arranged, the first angle steel (12) is connected with the third layer iron circular chassis (8), the second angle steel (13) is connected with the second layer iron circular chassis (4), the micro pressure sensors (14) are arranged on the second angle steel (13) and between the first angle steel (12), the micro pressure sensors (14) are fixed on the second angle steel (13) and are in contact with the first angle steel (12), the first angle steel (12) is fixed at the lower part of the third layer iron circular chassis (8) through M5 (10), the second angle steel (13) is fixed on the second layer of disc (4) through an M5 threaded hole (5);
as shown in fig. 5 and fig. 6, the weight-on-bit monitoring system (iv) comprises a plurality of pressure sensors (15) arranged between a first layer of iron circular chassis (1) and a second layer of iron circular chassis (4), the bottoms of the pressure sensors (15) are respectively matched and connected with an M12 threaded hole (3) of the first layer of disc (1) through an M12 threaded hole (16), and the tops of the pressure sensors (15) are respectively matched and connected with an M12 threaded hole (7) of the second layer of disc (4) through the threaded hole (16).
2. The micro-drill calibration system for mechanical property while drilling test as recited in claim 1, wherein: the first layer of chassis (1) is an iron disc with the diameter of 365mm and the thickness of 10 mm; the size of the second layer of chassis (4) is an iron disc with the diameter of 356mm and the thickness of 100mm, and a circular groove (6) with the depth of 1mm, the inner diameter of 240mm and the outer diameter of 300mm is arranged in the upper part of the disc; the third layer of the disc (8) is an iron disc with the diameter of 417mm and the thickness of 22mm, and a circular groove (9) with the depth of 1mm, the inner diameter of 240mm and the outer diameter of 300mm is formed in the lower part of the disc.
3. The micro-drill calibration system for mechanical property while drilling test as recited in claim 1, wherein: four pressure sensors (15) are arranged between the first layer of circular chassis (1) and the second layer of circular chassis (4) to output pressure values, and the sum of the pressure values is drilling pressure;
Fweight on bit＝F1+F2+F3+F4
In the formula, F1、F2、F3、F4The output values of the four pressure sensors are respectively in a unit N;
the bit pressure monitoring system (IV) is used for monitoring the upper drilling pressure, supporting the upper structure of the bit pressure monitoring system (IV) and fixedly connecting the first layer of circular chassis (1) and the second layer of circular chassis (4).
4. The micro-drill calibration system for mechanical property while drilling test as recited in claim 1, wherein: the torque monitoring system (I) converts the torque measurement exerted on the rock sample by the drill bit into pressure measurement exerted on two miniature pressure sensors (14) through a rock sample holder (24) and the thrust ball bearing (25);
M＝F×S
wherein F represents the pressure value applied to the miniature pressure sensor in N; s represents the force arm from the drill bit to the miniature sensor, and the unit is m; m represents torque in units of N M.
5. The micro-drill calibration system for mechanical property while drilling test as recited in claim 1, wherein: and a thrust ball bearing (25) for fixing is fixedly arranged between the inner circular groove (6) of the second layer of chassis (4) and the inner circular groove (9) of the third layer of chassis, so that the bearing and the chassis are prevented from moving relatively.
6. The micro-drill calibration system for mechanical property while drilling test as recited in claim 1, wherein: the T-shaped groove (11) is used as a water flowing groove, the diameter of the third layer of circular chassis (8) is larger than that of the first layer of circular chassis (1) and that of the second layer of chassis (4), water can directly fall through the water flowing groove, and corrosion of the water to all instruments below the third layer of chassis (8) is reduced.
7. A calibration method using the micro-drill calibration system for mechanical properties while drilling test as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized by the following steps:
a. eighteen sample blanks of cement mortar are prepared by using the cement yellow sand in proportion, and a test sample is formed after the cement mortar is maintained for more than 72 hours; the test device comprises three standard cylindrical samples for measuring the uniaxial compressive strength, three standard round cake samples for obtaining the tensile strength by the Brazilian splitting test, nine standard square samples for obtaining the shear strength and three square samples for carrying out the micro-drilling test by using the micro-drilling calibration system for testing the mechanical properties while drilling;
according to rock mechanics test specifications, attaching strain gauges to the three standard cylindrical samples, performing three uniaxial compression tests through a rock servo, and averaging obtained results to obtain uniaxial compression strength, Young modulus and Poisson ratio of the cement mortar samples; carrying out three times of Brazilian splitting tests on the three standard round cake samples, and averaging the obtained results to obtain the tensile strength; carrying out shear strength tests with shear angles of 50 degrees, 60 degrees and 70 degrees on every three nine standard square samples, and averaging the obtained results to obtain the shear strength, cohesive force and internal friction angle of the cement mortar samples; after obtaining mechanical parameters of the group of cement mortar such as compression resistance, tensile strength and shear resistance and deformation parameters such as Poisson ratio and Young modulus, carrying out micro-drilling experiments on the remaining three square samples;
b. placing one of the standard square samples on a third layer of iron round chassis (8) of a three-layer disc combined structure (III), and adjusting a rock sample holder (24) to slide on a T-shaped groove (11) so as to fix the sample in the center of the third layer of iron round chassis (8) and finish sample installation;
c. after the pattern is installed, a hydraulic control switch of the micro-drilling test bed is turned on, so that the drill bit (20) is in contact with the upper surface of the pattern, and then the hydraulic switch is turned off; starting a motor switch of the micro-drilling test bed to control the rotating speed of the drill bit to be a certain value, and resetting the readings of the two micro pressure sensors (14), the four pressure sensors (15) and the footage sensor (18); opening the hydraulic control switch again to start drilling; the position of the upper drill bit part of the micro-drilling test bed is kept still, and the lower hydraulic structure of the micro-drilling test bed drives the three-layer disc combined structure (III) to move upwards to realize drilling; after the drill bit (20) contacts the sample, the four pressure sensors (15) receive the pressure starting reading in the drilling process; the rotation of the drill bit (20) drives the thrust ball bearing (25) to rotate, the torque force applied to the drill bit (20) is converted into torque force which is applied to two miniature pressure sensors (14) piled beside the thrust ball bearing (25) through first angle steel (12), and the torque force is detected; simultaneously, the footage sensor (18) starts to record the time-depth curve; the proximity switch (22) starts to receive the change of the rotating speed of the drill bit (20) after the drill bit contacts the sample; the time depth signals recorded by the torque monitoring system (I), the bit pressure monitoring system (IV), the rotating speed monitoring system (II) and the footage sensor (18) are all under the same time sequence;
d. c, acquiring detection data by using a calculator, and recording and tracking the whole drilling process in the step c; when the displacement reading displayed in real time by the footage sensor (18) is equal to the height of the sample, the sample is drilled through, the switch of the micro-drilling test bed is closed, the torque value detected by the torque monitoring system (I), the bit pressure value detected by the bit pressure monitoring system (IV), the rotating speed value detected by the rotating speed monitoring system (II) and the time displacement curve detected by the footage sensor (18) are automatically stored in a computer, and one experiment is finished;
e. mounting a second square sample, keeping the hydraulic pressure of the micro-drilling test bed unchanged according to a control variable method, changing the rotating speed of the drill bit, repeating the step c and the step d to obtain drilling parameter curves under the same drilling pressure and different rotating speeds, and finishing the second test; c, mounting a third square sample, keeping the rotating speed of the drill bit unchanged, changing the hydraulic pressure of the micro-drilling test bed, and repeating the step c and the step d to obtain drilling parameter curves at the same rotating speed and different drilling pressures;
f. repeating the steps a to e, and changing the cement-yellow sand ratio, so that the physical and mechanical parameters of the cement mortar sample are changed, wherein fifteen samples obtain the physical and mechanical parameters of the samples under the same cement-yellow sand ratio, and the rest three square samples are subjected to micro-drilling tests, and then a second group of experiments and a third group of experiments are carried out;
g. c, sorting the data of the mechanical parameters and the deformation parameters of the sample obtained in the step a and the data of the drilling parameters such as the bit pressure, the rotating speed, the drilling speed, the torque and the like obtained in the steps b to e, and establishing a numerical relation between the numerical values of the physical mechanical parameters of the sample and the drilling parameters by using a mathematical statistics and machine learning method;
h. the heterogeneous general samples with various internal lithologies and structural surfaces including cracks and the like are calibrated through the sample with single internal lithology and homogeneous structural surface-free; according to a time displacement curve detected by a footage sensor (18), the shape, the change rule, the amplitude, the frequency and the trend of the detected drilling parameter curves such as the bit pressure, the rotating speed, the torque, the drilling speed and the like are utilized to depict the drilling progress, and the size and the occurrence of the internal structure surface and the cracks of the non-uniform sample are calibrated.
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