CN113512422A - Ultraviolet broad-spectrum absorption carbon quantum dot - Google Patents

Ultraviolet broad-spectrum absorption carbon quantum dot Download PDF

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CN113512422A
CN113512422A CN202110650563.5A CN202110650563A CN113512422A CN 113512422 A CN113512422 A CN 113512422A CN 202110650563 A CN202110650563 A CN 202110650563A CN 113512422 A CN113512422 A CN 113512422A
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carbon quantum
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carbon
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nitrogen
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CN113512422B (en
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刘应亮
叶炜浩
胡广齐
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Guangdong Carbon Purple Technology Co ltd
South China Agricultural University
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Abstract

The invention provides a carbon quantum dot with ultraviolet broad-spectrum absorption: the surface of the carbon quantum dot is grafted with a first group and a second group, wherein the first group contains at least one of C-O, C-OH and C-NH, and the second group has a nitrogen-containing heterocycle with a conjugated structure. The conjugated structure of the two groups grafted on the surface of the carbon quantum dot provided by the invention has pi electrons, and the pi electrons and chemical bonds in the groups grafted on the surface of the carbon dot, such as C-O, C-OH, C-NH and the like, generate conjugation to form n-pi, so that strong UVB absorption of 280-320 nm is generated.

Description

Ultraviolet broad-spectrum absorption carbon quantum dot
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of ultraviolet absorption materials, and particularly relates to a carbon quantum dot capable of absorbing ultraviolet broad spectrum.
Background
With the rapid development of modern industrialization and urbanization, one of the following negative effects is: the atmospheric ozone layer is destroyed so that the ultraviolet rays radiated by the sun to the ground become stronger. Ultraviolet radiation not only causes dark and erythematous skin of the human body, but more seriously, it causes melanoma and DNA damage, thereby possibly inducing skin cancer.
The ultraviolet absorber is very effective in suppressing ultraviolet radiation. In the field of sunscreen cosmetics, there are single-function absorbing absorbers, such as UVB or UVA absorbers, and broad-spectrum chemical ultraviolet absorbers and screening agents such as nano TiO2 and ZnO. Among polymers, ultraviolet absorbers are diversified, and are commonly represented by, for example, benzophenones, benzotriazoles, triazines, salicylic acids, and the like. In the coating, the ultraviolet absorbent is added to delay the decomposition and yellowing of organic matters contained in the solvent-based coating. However, as the research on the biological effect of ultraviolet absorbers has been conducted, it has been found that even if the amount of the absorber having low toxicity is strictly controlled, the benzophenone and benzotriazole type absorbers are difficult to degrade and gradually accumulate with the lapse of the use time, eventually causing a potentially great hazard. The auxiliary agent for preventing UV radiation has the problems of potential toxicity or low UV shielding efficiency and the like, and cannot meet the requirements of people on the aspects of environmental protection, safety and the like at present.
The generation of quantum dots originated in the middle of the 70 th century, and the research and development of quantum dots have appeared like bamboo shoots in spring after rain, so that the quantum dots are widely applied and developed into a new discipline. So far, reported quantum dots mainly include: semiconductor quantum dots, silicon or carbon or graphene quantum dots, and other oxide quantum dots. The carbon dots are a new fluorescent nano material, and due to the outstanding performance characteristics of the carbon dots, the carbon dots are concerned by a plurality of researchers in recent years. It generally refers to fluorescent carbon nanoparticles having a size of less than 10 nm. Compared with the traditional organic dye and semiconductor quantum dot, the carbon dot shows outstanding characteristics: simple preparation method, switchable fluorescence emission, no toxicity, good light stability and biocompatibility.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a carbon quantum dot with broad ultraviolet absorption spectrum to obtain an ultraviolet absorbent which is safe and has high-efficiency absorption on ultraviolet.
According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a carbon quantum dot absorbing a broad spectrum of ultraviolet rays: the surface of the carbon quantum dot is grafted with a first group and a second group, wherein the first group contains at least one of C-O, C-OH and C-NH, and the second group has a nitrogen-containing heterocycle with a conjugated structure.
The conjugated structure of the two groups grafted on the surface of the carbon quantum dot provided by the invention has pi electrons, and the pi electrons and chemical bonds in the groups grafted on the surface of the carbon dot, such as C-O, C-OH, C-NH and the like, generate conjugation to form n-pi, so that strong UVB absorption of 280-320 nm is generated.
Preferably, the nitrogen-containing heterocycle is an imidazole ring. If the conjugated structure in the two groups is an imidazole ring structure, the ultraviolet absorption range of the carbon quantum dots can be widened, and the full absorption of ultraviolet rays can be realized.
Preferably, the preparation method comprises the following steps: the carbon-supplying raw material and the amino multi-element hetero-unsaturated cyclic compound are used as raw materials, and the carbon quantum dots are synthesized in one step by a hydrothermal method, wherein the carbon-supplying raw material comprises at least one of organic acid and organic acid salt, and the amino multi-element hetero-unsaturated cyclic compound is used for providing two groups.
Preferably, the organic acid is at least one selected from citric acid, malic acid, thiomalic acid, mucic acid, oxalic acid and tartaric acid, and the organic acid salt comprises at least one selected from sodium citrate, potassium citrate, calcium citrate, disodium malate, sodium oxalate and sodium tartrate.
Preferably, sodium citrate is used as a carbon supply raw material to participate in the synthesis of the carbon quantum dots.
Preferably, the amino polyunsaturated ring compound is selected from at least one of the group consisting of aminoimidazole sulfate, aminopyrazine, aniline, 3-aminopyridazine, 2-aminopyrimidine, 3, 4-diaminothiophene dihydrochloride, 4-aminoindole, 4-amino-2-chlorophenol, o-phenylenediamine, N-aminoethylpiperazine, 3-aminopyrrole, pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid, pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid hydrochloride.
Preferably, aminoimidazole sulfate is used as an amino polyunsaturated cyclic compound to participate in the synthesis of the carbon quantum dots.
Preferably, the raw material for preparing the carbon quantum dots further comprises a nitrogen-containing compound, wherein the nitrogen-containing compound is selected from at least one of ethylenediamine, urea, Polyetherimide (PEI), ammonium persulfate, ethanolamine, diethylamine, triethylamine and 1, 4-butanediamine. The nitrogen-containing compound is added into the raw materials, and can be condensed with the groups on the surface of the carbon quantum dots in advance in the process of synthesizing the carbon quantum dots,
preferably, the feeding ratio of the carbon-supplying raw material, the nitrogen-containing compound and the amino polybasic unsaturated ring compound is 4-7: 0.01-0.03: 0.5-3.
Preferably, the preparation method comprises the following specific operations: dissolving a carbon-supplying raw material in deionized water, dropwise adding a solution containing a nitrogen-containing compound while continuously stirring, and uniformly stirring; then, adding the amino polybasic unsaturated ring compound into the mixture, and uniformly stirring the mixture; and carrying out hydrothermal reaction on the reaction solution at 180-210 ℃ for 4-7h, wherein the product prepared by the method contains carbon quantum dots.
The surface of the carbon quantum dot synthesized by a hydrothermal method is grafted with hydrophilic groups such as carboxyl, amino, hydroxyl and the like, and in the basis, the amino on the amino multi-heterocyclic compound and the carboxyl on the surface of the carbon dot are subjected to condensation reaction to be connected to the surface of the carbon dot, so that two groups are grafted on the surface of the carbon quantum dot. The preparation method is limited, so that the graphitization degree of the carbon core of the prepared carbon quantum dot is higher, and the carbon quantum dot has stronger UVC (<280nm) and UVA (320-400nm) absorption.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing an ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrum of a carbon quantum dot obtained in example 1;
FIG. 2 is an infrared spectrum of carbon quantum dots obtained in example 1;
FIG. 3 is an XPS analysis chart of the carbon quantum dots prepared in example 1.
Detailed Description
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the following will clearly and completely describe the technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiment is only a part of embodiment 2 of the present invention, and not a whole embodiment.
Example 1
1. Preparation of carbon quantum dots
In the embodiment, sodium citrate is used as a carbon supply raw material, ethylenediamine is used as a nitrogen-containing compound, and aminoimidazole sulfate is used as an amino multi-heterocyclic compound, and a hydrothermal method is adopted to synthesize the carbon quantum dots in one step. The specific steps are as follows:
weighing 5.5mmol of sodium citrate, dissolving the sodium citrate in 20mL of deionized water, dropwise adding 0.015mmol of ethylenediamine solution in the stirring process, and continuously stirring for 20 min; then, adding 2.5mmol of aminoimidazole sulfate, stirring for 10min, pouring into a polytetrafluoroethylene lining, putting into a reaction kettle, and reacting for 6h at 210 ℃; all the above reaction solutions were allowed to cool to room temperature, filtered (using an aqueous needle filter with a pore size of 0.22 μm), dialyzed for 24 hours using a dialysis bag with a molecular weight of 1000, and rotary evaporated under vacuum at 70 ℃.
2. Characterization of the results
The carbon quantum dots obtained in this example were subjected to ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).
(1) Ultraviolet and visible absorption spectrum analysis
The uv-vis absorption spectrum of the carbon quantum dot obtained in this example is shown in fig. 1, where pi-pi transition of C ═ C bond and n-pi transition of C ═ O bond typical of organic acid CDs appear at 222nm and 345nm, and further, after addition of aminoimidazole, n-pi transition of imidazole ring in sp3 with C ═ O or C — OH bond appears at 294nm near UVB due to the interaction of conjugated pi electrons on imidazole heterocycle with surface group.
(2) Infrared spectroscopic analysis
The carbon quantum dots produced in this exampleThe infrared spectrum analysis chart is shown in FIG. 2, from which it can be seen that the peak is 1568cm-1Skeletal vibrations belonging to the imidazole ring C ═ N and 1126cm appeared-1The imidazole ring C ═ N vibrates telescopically.
(3) XPS analysis
The surface composition of the carbon quantum dots prepared in this example was analyzed by XPS, and peaks of C — N bond and N — C ═ N bond appeared from the fine spectra of C and N, indicating that imidazole could be successfully attached to the carbon quantum dots.
Example 2
In the embodiment, sodium citrate is used as a carbon supply raw material, ethylenediamine is used as a nitrogen-containing compound, and aminoimidazole sulfate is used as an amino multi-heterocyclic compound, and a hydrothermal method is adopted to synthesize the carbon quantum dots in one step. The specific steps are as follows:
directly mixing 5.5mmol of sodium citrate, 0.015mmol of ethylenediamine and 2.5mmol of aminoimidazole sulfate, dissolving in 20mL of deionized water to form a reaction solution, pouring into a polytetrafluoroethylene lining, putting into a reaction kettle, and reacting for 6 hours at 210 ℃; all the above reaction solutions were allowed to cool to room temperature, filtered (using an aqueous needle filter with a pore size of 0.22 μm), dialyzed for 24 hours using a dialysis bag with a molecular weight of 1000, and rotary evaporated under vacuum at 70 ℃.
Example 3
In the embodiment, citric acid is used as a carbon supply raw material, ethylenediamine is used as a nitrogen-containing compound, and aminoimidazole sulfate is used as an amino multi-heterocyclic compound, and a hydrothermal method is adopted to synthesize the carbon quantum dots in one step. The specific steps are as follows:
weighing 5.5mmol of citric acid, dissolving in 20mL of deionized water, dropwise adding 0.015mmol of ethylenediamine solution in the stirring process, and continuously stirring for 20 min; then, adding 2.5mmol of aminoimidazole sulfate, stirring for 10min, pouring into a polytetrafluoroethylene lining, putting into a reaction kettle, and reacting for 6h at 210 ℃; all the above reaction solutions were allowed to cool to room temperature, filtered (using an aqueous needle filter with a pore size of 0.22 μm), dialyzed for 24 hours using a dialysis bag with a molecular weight of 1000, and rotary evaporated under vacuum at 70 ℃.
Example 4
In the embodiment, malic acid is used as a carbon supply raw material, ethylenediamine is used as a nitrogen-containing compound, and 2-aminopyrimidine is used as an amino multi-heterocyclic compound, and a hydrothermal method is adopted to synthesize the carbon quantum dots in one step. The specific steps are as follows:
weighing 4mmol of malic acid, dissolving in 20mL of deionized water, dropwise adding 0.02mmol of urea solution in the stirring process, and continuously stirring for 15 min; then adding 1mmol of 2-aminopyrimidine, stirring for 10min, pouring into a polytetrafluoroethylene lining and putting into a reaction kettle, and reacting for 4h at 190 ℃; all the above reaction solutions were allowed to cool to room temperature, filtered (using an aqueous needle filter with a pore size of 0.22 μm), dialyzed for 24 hours using a dialysis bag with a molecular weight of 1000, and rotary evaporated under vacuum at 70 ℃.
Example 5
In the embodiment, malic acid is used as a carbon supply raw material, ethylenediamine is used as a nitrogen-containing compound, and aniline is used as an amino multi-heterocyclic compound, and a hydrothermal method is adopted to synthesize the carbon quantum dots in one step. The specific steps are as follows:
weighing 4mmol of malic acid, dissolving in 20mL of deionized water, dropwise adding 0.02mmol of urea solution in the stirring process, and continuously stirring for 15 min; then adding 1mmol of 2 aniline, stirring for 10min, pouring into a polytetrafluoroethylene lining, putting into a reaction kettle, and reacting for 4h at 190 ℃; all the above reaction solutions were allowed to cool to room temperature, filtered (using an aqueous needle filter with a pore size of 0.22 μm), dialyzed for 24 hours using a dialysis bag with a molecular weight of 1000, and rotary evaporated under vacuum at 70 ℃.
Test example
The carbon quantum dots prepared in examples 1 to 5 were subjected to an ultraviolet transmittance test, and the statistical data are shown in table 1. The raw materials and the feeding proportion for preparing the carbon quantum dots in the embodiments 1 and 2 are the same, however, the raw material feeding mode adopted in the embodiment 1 is stepwise addition, and the raw material feeding mode adopted in the embodiment 2 is direct mixing, so that the carbon nucleus of the carbon quantum dot prepared in the embodiment 1 has higher graphitization degree and stronger UVC and UVA absorption based on the difference. On the other hand, as shown in the results of the transmittance test of the carbon quantum dots in comparative examples 1, 3,4 and 5, the UVC absorption capacity of the prepared carbon quantum dots is significantly affected by the different types of the carbon-supplying raw materials, and it is shown in the experiment that the UVC absorption capacity of the prepared carbon quantum dots is strongest by using sodium citrate as the carbon-supplying raw material. Finally, by comparing the test results of example 4 and example 5, the following conclusions can be drawn: in the selection of the amino multinary heterocyclic compound, the preparation of the carbon quantum dot is participated in by the amino multinary heterocyclic compound with the nitrogen-containing heterocycle in a conjugated structure (example 4), which is beneficial to improving the UVA absorption capability of the carbon quantum dot.
Table 1 ultraviolet transmittance test results of carbon quantum dots
Figure BDA0003111032870000061
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the true spirit and scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A carbon quantum dot with ultraviolet broad-spectrum absorption is characterized in that: the surface of the carbon quantum dot is modified with a first group and a second group, wherein the first group contains at least one of C-O, C-OH and C-NH, and the second group has a nitrogen-containing heterocycle with a conjugated structure.
2. The ultraviolet broad spectrum absorbing carbon quantum dot of claim 1, wherein: the nitrogen-containing heterocycle is an imidazole ring.
3. The ultraviolet broad spectrum absorbing carbon quantum dot of claim 1, prepared by the following method:
the carbon quantum dots are synthesized in one step by taking a carbon supply raw material and an amino multi-element hetero-unsaturated ring compound as raw materials and adopting a hydrothermal method, wherein the carbon supply raw material comprises at least one of organic acid and organic acid salt, and the amino multi-element hetero-unsaturated ring compound is used for providing the two groups.
4. The ultraviolet broad spectrum absorbing carbon quantum dot of claim 3, wherein: the organic acid is selected from at least one of citric acid, malic acid, thiomalic acid, mucic acid, oxalic acid and tartaric acid, and the organic acid salt comprises at least one of sodium citrate, potassium citrate, calcium citrate, disodium malate, sodium oxalate and sodium tartrate.
5. The ultraviolet broad spectrum absorbing carbon quantum dot of claim 4, wherein: and taking sodium citrate as the carbon supply raw material to participate in the synthesis of the carbon quantum dots.
6. The ultraviolet broad spectrum absorbing carbon quantum dot of claim 3, wherein: the amino polybasic hetero unsaturated ring compound is selected from at least one of aminoimidazole sulfate, aminopyrazine, aniline, 3-aminopyridazine, 2-aminopyrimidine, 3, 4-diaminothiophene dihydrochloride, 4-aminoindole, 4-amino-2-chlorophenol, o-phenylenediamine, N-aminoethyl piperazine, 3-aminopyrrole, pyrrole-2-formic acid and pyrrolidine-3-formic acid hydrochloride.
7. The ultraviolet broad spectrum absorbing carbon quantum dot of claim 6, wherein: and taking aminoimidazole sulfate as the amino poly-polyunsaturated cyclic compound to participate in the synthesis of the carbon quantum dots.
8. The ultraviolet broad spectrum absorbing carbon quantum dot of claim 3, wherein: the raw materials for preparing the carbon quantum dots also comprise a nitrogen-containing compound, wherein the nitrogen-containing compound is selected from at least one of ethylenediamine, urea, Polyetherimide (PEI), ammonium persulfate, ethanolamine, diethylamine, triethylamine and 1, 4-butanediamine.
9. The ultraviolet broad spectrum absorbing carbon quantum dot of claim 8, wherein: the charging ratio of the carbon-supplying raw material, the nitrogen-containing compound and the amino poly-unsaturated cyclic compound is 4-7: 0.01-0.03: 0.5-3.
10. The ultraviolet broad-spectrum absorbing carbon quantum dot of claim 9, wherein the preparation method comprises the following specific operations:
dissolving the carbon-supplying raw material in deionized water, dropwise adding the solution containing the nitrogen-containing compound while continuously stirring, and uniformly stirring;
then, adding the amino polybasic unsaturated ring compound into the mixture, and uniformly stirring the mixture;
and carrying out hydrothermal reaction on the reaction solution at 180-210 ℃ for 4-7h, wherein the product prepared by the method contains the carbon quantum dots.
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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114231279A (en) * 2021-11-22 2022-03-25 华南农业大学 Full-broad-spectrum ultraviolet absorption carbon quantum dot and preparation method and application thereof
CN114644801A (en) * 2022-03-07 2022-06-21 广东碳紫科技有限公司 Transparent sun-proof lens material and manufacturing method thereof
CN114767573A (en) * 2022-03-07 2022-07-22 华南农业大学 Carbon polymer point ultraviolet absorber and preparation method and application thereof

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CN103756675A (en) * 2014-01-17 2014-04-30 西安亚博生物技术有限公司 Nitrogen doped carbon quantum dot as well as preparation method and application thereof
CN108580923A (en) * 2018-04-16 2018-09-28 中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所 A kind of method that glyoxaline cation modification carbon quantum dot auxiliary prepares nanogold
CN109370569A (en) * 2018-12-13 2019-02-22 山东大学 A kind of preparation method of carbon containing quantum dot white light emission ionic liquid at room temperature

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103756675A (en) * 2014-01-17 2014-04-30 西安亚博生物技术有限公司 Nitrogen doped carbon quantum dot as well as preparation method and application thereof
CN108580923A (en) * 2018-04-16 2018-09-28 中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所 A kind of method that glyoxaline cation modification carbon quantum dot auxiliary prepares nanogold
CN109370569A (en) * 2018-12-13 2019-02-22 山东大学 A kind of preparation method of carbon containing quantum dot white light emission ionic liquid at room temperature

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114231279A (en) * 2021-11-22 2022-03-25 华南农业大学 Full-broad-spectrum ultraviolet absorption carbon quantum dot and preparation method and application thereof
CN114231279B (en) * 2021-11-22 2023-02-24 华南农业大学 Full-broad-spectrum ultraviolet absorption carbon quantum dot and preparation method and application thereof
CN114644801A (en) * 2022-03-07 2022-06-21 广东碳紫科技有限公司 Transparent sun-proof lens material and manufacturing method thereof
CN114767573A (en) * 2022-03-07 2022-07-22 华南农业大学 Carbon polymer point ultraviolet absorber and preparation method and application thereof
CN114644801B (en) * 2022-03-07 2023-09-29 广东碳紫科技有限公司 Transparent sun-proof lens material and manufacturing method thereof

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