CN113511862A - Non-autoclaved concrete and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Non-autoclaved concrete and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113511862A CN113511862A CN202110696187.3A CN202110696187A CN113511862A CN 113511862 A CN113511862 A CN 113511862A CN 202110696187 A CN202110696187 A CN 202110696187A CN 113511862 A CN113511862 A CN 113511862A
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- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 92
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920005646 polycarboxylate Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000008030 superplasticizer Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 26
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 21
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000001723 curing Methods 0.000 description 46
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 33
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 17
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 17
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 17
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000011178 precast concrete Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000013035 low temperature curing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009440 infrastructure construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/04—Portland cements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种免蒸养混凝土及其制备方法，可用于预制构件。每立方米该混凝土的制备原料包括：水泥：330‑420kg；一级粉煤灰：0‑80kg；S95矿粉：0‑80kg；砂子：690‑710kg；石子：1080‑1100kg；早强剂：5‑12kg；减水剂：10‑18kg；水：100‑114kg。搅拌时，按质量配比，先将水泥、水、早强剂、减水剂、一级粉煤灰和S95矿粉加入到搅拌机中，高速搅拌50‑60秒；再加入砂子和石子，低速搅拌55‑65秒，制得混凝土，再倒入模具中，加工成所需的预制构件。本发明同时加入早强剂和减水剂，并控制一定量的配比，制备的混凝土坍落度为120±30mm，通过8小时自然养护(自然环境温度25～34℃)，混凝土抗压强度能达到19Mpa，可达到预制构件脱模起吊要求，能加快模具的周转，从而提高生产效率；12小时的自然养护，强度最高可达46.2Mpa。The invention discloses a steam-free curing concrete and a preparation method thereof, which can be used for prefabricated components. The raw materials for preparing the concrete per cubic meter include: cement: 330-420kg; first-grade fly ash: 0-80kg; S95 mineral powder: 0-80kg; sand: 690-710kg; stone: 1080-1100kg; early strength agent: 5‑12kg; water reducing agent: 10‑18kg; water: 100‑114kg. When mixing, according to the mass ratio, first add cement, water, early strength agent, water reducing agent, first-class fly ash and S95 mineral powder into the mixer, and mix at high speed for 50-60 seconds; Mix for 55‑65 seconds to produce concrete, which is then poured into moulds and processed into the desired prefabricated components. The present invention adds early strength agent and water reducing agent at the same time, and controls a certain amount of ratio, the prepared concrete has a slump of 120±30mm, and after 8 hours of natural curing (natural environment temperature of 25-34°C), the concrete compressive strength It can reach 19Mpa, which can meet the demoulding and lifting requirements of prefabricated components, which can speed up the turnover of molds, thereby improving production efficiency; 12 hours of natural maintenance, the maximum strength can reach 46.2Mpa.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of concrete, in particular to steam-curing-free concrete for a precast concrete member and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The construction industry in China generally keeps a rough on-site construction mode, and the mode has a plurality of defects: the potential safety hazard of a construction site is more, the preparation cost is high, the economic and environmental protection performance is poor, the engineering quality is not easy to be accurately controlled, and the like. Due to the defects of the field construction mode, the precast concrete member is produced at the same time. With the rapid development of infrastructure construction and the continuous improvement of the building industrialization level, a large number of precast concrete members are applied to actual engineering construction. The assembly type building vigorously advocated by the state at present brings wide prospects for the application of the prefabricated concrete member.
The wide application of the precast concrete member brings about the rapid increase of the number of precast concrete member enterprises in China. According to the incomplete statistics of the concrete and cement product association, the PC factories built nationwide exceed 2000 families by 2020, and the designed PC capacity reaches 5000-6000 ten thousand cubic meters. At present, the large-scale industrial production process of the prefabricated parts in China also has more problems: the quality management of production enterprises is weak, and the quality of the prefabricated part including appearance quality, manufacturing accuracy and internal quality is to be improved. The technical Standard for fabricated concrete construction (GB/T51231-2016) states that the strength of concrete when a prefabricated part is demolded and lifted is not less than 15 MPa. In order to accelerate the turnover of the die and improve the production efficiency, most prefabricated component production enterprises adopt a steam curing process. The steam curing process can enable the early strength of the concrete to be increased rapidly and achieve the demoulding and hoisting strength of the prefabricated part in a short time, but the following defects exist: firstly, the steam curing process needs to generate steam, consumes a large amount of energy, improves the production cost, and does not accord with the energy-saving and emission-reducing idea advocated by China; secondly, the steam curing brings heat damage to the concrete and is not beneficial to the durability of the concrete. Based on the defects of the steam-cured concrete, technicians and scholars at home and abroad research on the steam-cured-free concrete. Researchers prepare the non-autoclaved concrete by optimizing the mixing ratio of the raw materials and the concrete and adding various early strength agents and water reducing agents.
The present invention discloses, for example, a steam-curing-free precast concrete member and a forming method thereof, which is named as 201711331839.3. the early strength of the concrete is improved by adding an inorganic-organic composite early strength agent and a crystal nucleus type early strength agent into the concrete according to a certain proportion, but as can be seen from the disclosed test results, the curing time is at least 1 day.
For example, patent No. 202011436701.1, entitled C35 steam-free curing concrete for prefabricated buildings and a preparation method thereof, discloses that "after the concrete is cured for 24 hours, the mold is pushed out of a curing kiln, the mold is removed, the concrete member after the mold removal is hoisted into a curing pool for water curing for at least 7 days, the temperature T of the curing pool is 20 ± 3 ℃, and then the concrete member is hoisted out and stacked on a concrete product stacking site. "
In the above-mentioned patents, the maintenance time is required at least one day, and for the enterprises with larger production capacity, the mold occupation is still too large, and the production efficiency is still affected to a certain extent. For enterprises, the faster the mold turnover, the higher the production efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the problems, the invention provides the steam curing-free concrete and the preparation method thereof, the early strength agent and the water reducing agent with a certain proportion are added simultaneously, the slump of the prepared concrete is 120 +/-30 mm, the compressive strength can reach 19Mpa through natural curing for 8 hours (the natural environment temperature is higher than 15 ℃), the requirement of the demolding strength of prefabricated parts can be met, the turnover of a mold can be obviously accelerated, and the production efficiency is improved.
Simultaneously, the raw materials are added by a fractional step method, cement, water, an early strength agent, a water reducing agent, first-level fly ash and S95 mineral powder are added into a stirrer in the first step, and are stirred at a high speed for 50-60 seconds, then sand and stones are added in the second step, and are stirred at a low speed for 55-65 seconds, so that concrete is prepared; the method reduces the permeation of water in the raw materials to the sand and the stones, namely reduces the water absorption of the sand and the stones, enhances the fluidity of the concrete, and is convenient to pour into the mold.
The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
the non-autoclaved concrete is prepared from the following raw materials in per cubic meter:
cement: 330-420 kg;
first-grade fly ash: 0-80 kg;
s95 mineral powder: 0-80 kg;
sand: 690-710 kg;
stone: 1080-1100 kg;
early strength agent: 5-12 kg;
water reducing agent: 10-18 kg;
water: 100-114 kg.
The preparation method of the non-autoclaved concrete comprises the following steps:
s1, adding 420kg of cement 330 and 114kg of water 100, 5-12kg of early strength agent, 10-18kg of water reducing agent, 0-80kg of first-grade fly ash and 0-80kg of S95 mineral powder into a stirrer, and stirring at high speed for 50-60 seconds;
s2, adding sand 690-710kg and pebble 1080-1100kg into S1, and stirring at low speed for 55-65 seconds to obtain the concrete.
Further, the cement is P.I 52.5 cement.
Further, the early strength agent is a super early strength additive SBT-510 of Nanjing Subot; the water reducing agent is a CSP-12 early strength type polycarboxylic acid high-performance water reducing agent for Guangdong red wall.
Furthermore, the sand is medium sand, the fineness modulus is 2.3, and the mud content is 2.5%.
Furthermore, the stones are crushed stones with the particle sizes of 5-10mm and 10-25mm according to the proportion of 1: 2 mixing the components.
Furthermore, the sand rate is 38-40%.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the invention can meet the requirements of quick demoulding strength in the production process of precast concrete members and the cost control requirement of concrete. The non-autoclaved concrete can reduce the production cost of production enterprises. The steam curing process is omitted, the high-durability precast concrete member can be prepared, and the overall performance of the precast concrete member is improved.
(2) The slump of the prepared concrete is 120 +/-30 mm. After the mineral admixture is added, under the curing condition of 30 ℃, the highest compressive strength of concrete for 8h, 12h, 1d and 7d can reach 29.71MPa, 37.91MPa, 53.00Pa and 76.01MPa respectively; under the curing condition of 15 ℃, the highest compressive strength of the concrete for 8h, 12h, 1d and 7d can respectively reach 9.77MPa, 16.81MPa, 42.82Pa and 66.84 MPa. Under the condition of not doping mineral admixture and curing at 30 ℃, the highest compressive strength of the concrete in 8h and 12h can respectively reach 40.10MPa and 46.17 MPa; under the curing condition of 15 ℃, the highest compressive strength of the concrete for 8h and 12h can respectively reach 14.1MPa and 18.97 MPa.
Detailed Description
The following examples are provided to illustrate specific embodiments of the present invention.
Example 1
A non-autoclaved concrete is prepared from 417kg of P & I52.5 cement, 103kg of water, 700kg of sand, 1097kg of pebbles, 10kg of super early strength SBT-510 admixture of Nanjing Subot and 16.7kg of CSP-12 early strength type polycarboxylic acid high-performance water reducing agent of Guangdong red wall;
the preparation method comprises the following steps: adding cement, water, a Nanjing Subo SBT-510 super early strength external additive and a Guangdong red wall CSP-12 early strength type polycarboxylic acid high-performance water reducing agent into a stirrer according to the mass ratio, and stirring at high speed for 50-60 seconds; then adding sand and stones, and stirring at low speed for 55 seconds to obtain the concrete mixture. Then, testing the slump of the concrete mixture, then loading the mixture into a compression-resistant test mold, and manufacturing a compression-resistant test block for strength test;
the slump of the prepared concrete is 90mm, the compressive strength of the concrete in 12 hours is 22.7Mpa in standard curing, 18.1Mpa in natural environment curing at the temperature of 11-15 ℃, and 37.1Mpa in curing at the temperature of 30 ℃.
Example 2
A non-autoclaved concrete is prepared from 417kg of P & I52.5 cement, 106kg of water, 700kg of sand, 1097kg of pebbles, 10.5kg of super early strength SBT-510 admixture of Nanjing Subot and 16.7kg of CSP-12 early strength type polycarboxylic acid high-performance water reducing agent of Guangdong red wall;
the preparation method comprises the following steps: adding cement, water, a Nanjing Subo SBT-510 super early strength external additive and a Guangdong red wall CSP-12 early strength type polycarboxylic acid high-performance water reducing agent into a stirrer according to the mass ratio, and stirring at high speed for 50-60 seconds; then adding sand and stones, and stirring at low speed for 55 seconds to obtain the concrete mixture. Then, testing the slump of the concrete mixture, then loading the mixture into a compression-resistant test mold, and manufacturing a compression-resistant test block for strength test;
the slump of the prepared concrete is 90mm, the compressive strength of the concrete in 12 hours is 24.9Mpa through standard curing, 28.7Mpa through natural environment curing at 19-24 ℃, and 39.5Mpa through curing at 30 ℃.
Example 3
The non-autoclaved concrete is prepared from 396kg of P & I52.5 cement, 106kg of water, 700kg of sand, 1097kg of pebbles, 10.5kg of super early strength admixture SBT-510 of Nanjing Subot, 16.7kg of Guangdong red wall CSP-12 early strength type polycarboxylic acid high-performance water reducing agent and 21kg of fly ash;
the preparation method comprises the following steps: adding cement, water, fly ash, Nanjing Subot SBT-510 super early strength additive and Guangdong red wall CSP-12 early strength type polycarboxylic acid high performance water reducing agent into a stirrer according to the mass ratio, and stirring at high speed for 50-60 seconds; then adding sand and stones, and stirring at low speed for 55 seconds to obtain the concrete mixture. Then testing the slump of the concrete mixture, loading the mixture into a compression-resistant test mold, and manufacturing a compression-resistant test block for strength test;
the slump of the prepared concrete is 156-180 mm, the compressive strength of the concrete in 12 hours is 23.2Mpa in standard curing, 35.6Mpa in natural environment curing at 21-32 ℃, 44.9Mpa in curing at 30 ℃ and 6.2Mpa in low-temperature curing at 9 ℃.
Example 4
A non-autoclaved concrete is prepared from 334kg of P & I52.5 cement, 112kg of water, 700kg of sand, 1097kg of pebbles, 8.3kg of super early strength SBT-510 admixture of Nanjing Subot, 12.5kg of CSP-12 early strength type polycarboxylic acid high-performance water reducing agent of Guangdong red wall, 41.7kg of fly ash and 41.7kg of mineral powder;
the preparation method comprises the following steps: adding cement, water, fly ash, mineral powder, Nanjing Subot SBT-510 super early strength additive and Guangdong red wall CSP-12 early strength type polycarboxylic acid high-performance water reducing agent into a stirrer according to the mass ratio, and stirring at high speed for 50-60 seconds; then adding sand and stones, and stirring at low speed for 55 seconds to obtain the concrete mixture. Then testing the slump of the concrete mixture, loading the mixture into a compression-resistant test mold, and manufacturing a compression-resistant test block for strength test;
the slump of the prepared concrete is 170mm, the compressive strength of the concrete in 12 hours is 24.3Mpa through standard curing, 31.5Mpa through natural environment curing at 21-24 ℃, 38.8Mpa through curing at 30 ℃ and 8.4Mpa through low-temperature curing at 11 ℃.
Example 5
A non-autoclaved concrete is prepared from 333kg of P & I52.5 cement, 113kg of water, 700kg of sand, 1097kg of pebble, 6.3kg of super early strength SBT-510 admixture of Nanjing Subot, 12.5kg of CSP-12 early strength type polycarboxylic acid high-performance water reducing agent of Guangdong red wall, 41.7kg of fly ash and 41.7kg of mineral powder;
the preparation method comprises the following steps: adding cement, water, fly ash, mineral powder, Nanjing Subot SBT-510 super early strength additive and Guangdong red wall CSP-12 early strength type polycarboxylic acid high-performance water reducing agent into a stirrer according to the mass ratio, and stirring at high speed for 50-60 seconds; then adding sand and stones, and stirring at low speed for 55 seconds to obtain the concrete mixture. Then testing the slump of the concrete mixture, loading the mixture into a compression-resistant test mold, and manufacturing a compression-resistant test block for strength test;
the slump of the prepared concrete is 120-130 mm, the compressive strength of the concrete in 12 hours is 22.7Mpa in standard curing, the natural environment curing at 25-34 ℃ is 35.8Mpa, the natural environment curing at 30 ℃ is 40.0Mpa, and the low-temperature curing at 15 ℃ is 18.7 Mpa.
Example 6
A non-autoclaved concrete is prepared from 334kg of P & I52.5 cement, 113kg of water, 700kg of sand, 1097kg of pebbles, 6.3kg of super early strength SBT-510 admixture of Nanjing Subot, 12.5kg of CSP-12 early strength type polycarboxylic acid high-performance water reducing agent of Guangdong red wall, 41.7kg of fly ash and 41.7kg of mineral powder;
the preparation method comprises the following steps: adding cement, water, fly ash, mineral powder, Nanjing Subot SBT-510 super early strength additive and Guangdong red wall CSP-12 early strength type polycarboxylic acid high-performance water reducing agent into a stirrer according to the mass ratio, and stirring at high speed for 50-60 seconds; then adding sand and stones, and stirring at low speed for 55 seconds to obtain the concrete mixture. Then testing the slump of the concrete mixture, loading the mixture into a compression-resistant test mold, and manufacturing a compression-resistant test block for strength test;
the slump of the prepared concrete is 160mm, the compressive strength of the concrete for 8 hours is 13.1Mpa by standard curing, 19.1Mpa by natural environment curing at 25-34 ℃, 29.7Mpa by curing at 30 ℃ and 9.8Mpa by low-temperature curing at 11 ℃;
the concrete has the compression strength of 40.6Mpa after 1 day of standard curing, 48.2Mpa after 25-34 ℃ natural environment curing, 53.0Mpa after 30 ℃ curing and 42.8Mpa after 11 ℃ low-temperature curing;
the concrete has the compressive strength of 69.1MPa after 7 days of standard curing, 70.6MPa after 25-34 ℃ natural environment curing, 76.0MPa after 30 ℃ curing and 66.8MPa after 11 ℃ low-temperature curing.
Example 7
A non-autoclaved concrete is prepared from 417kg of P & I52.5 cement, 113kg of water, 700kg of sand, 1097kg of pebbles, 6.3kg of super early strength SBT-510 admixture of Nanjing Subot and 12.5kg of CSP-12 early strength type polycarboxylic acid high-performance water reducing agent of Guangdong red wall;
the preparation method comprises the following steps: adding cement, water, a Nanjing Subo SBT-510 super early strength external additive and a Guangdong red wall CSP-12 early strength type polycarboxylic acid high-performance water reducing agent into a stirrer according to the mass ratio, and stirring at high speed for 50-60 seconds; then adding sand and stones, and stirring at low speed for 55 seconds to obtain the concrete mixture. Then, testing the slump of the concrete mixture, then loading the mixture into a compression-resistant test mold, and manufacturing a compression-resistant test block for strength test;
the slump of the prepared concrete is 130mm, the compressive strength of the concrete in 12 hours is 33.1Mpa through standard curing, 42.5Mpa through natural environment curing at the temperature of 17-20 ℃, 46.2Mpa through curing at the temperature of 30 ℃ and 19.0Mpa through low-temperature curing at the temperature of 12 ℃.
Example 8
A non-autoclaved concrete is prepared from 417kg of P & I52.5 cement, 113kg of water, 700kg of sand, 1097kg of pebbles, 6.3kg of super early strength SBT-510 admixture of Nanjing Subot and 12.5kg of CSP-12 early strength type polycarboxylic acid high-performance water reducing agent of Guangdong red wall;
the preparation method comprises the following steps: adding cement, water, a Nanjing Subo SBT-510 super early strength external additive and a Guangdong red wall CSP-12 early strength type polycarboxylic acid high-performance water reducing agent into a stirrer according to the mass ratio, and stirring at high speed for 50-60 seconds; then adding sand and stones, and stirring at low speed for 55 seconds to obtain the concrete mixture. Then, testing the slump of the concrete mixture, then loading the mixture into a compression-resistant test mold, and manufacturing a compression-resistant test block for strength test;
the slump of the prepared concrete is 130mm, the compressive strength of the concrete for 8 hours is 16.4Mpa by standard curing, 29.9Mpa by natural environment curing at 20-24 ℃, 40.1Mpa by curing at 30 ℃ and 14.1Mpa by low-temperature curing at 15 ℃.
The above technical solutions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it should be noted that: without departing from the principle of the invention, several modifications and refinements may be made by those skilled in the art, and these should also be considered as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
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| CN115650666A (en) * | 2022-10-26 | 2023-01-31 | 嘉华特种水泥股份有限公司 | Assembled PC member concrete and preparation and maintenance method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20211019 |