CN113507722A - Implementation method of NS 3-based platform for controlling congestion of low-orbit satellite - Google Patents
Implementation method of NS 3-based platform for controlling congestion of low-orbit satellite Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for realizing a low-orbit satellite congestion control platform based on NS3, and relates to the technical field of low-orbit satellite simulation. According to the method, a platform for controlling congestion of a low-orbit satellite is built in an emulation simulator NS3 according to the hierarchical structure of a TCP/IP communication protocol; when network equipment and channels are installed, a communication task queue is established for each satellite, when a network protocol stack is installed, a route control strategy for displaying load balance is set, the load state of the satellite is checked at regular time and sent to an adjacent satellite, and data traffic transmission between the satellites is controlled according to the satellite state. The invention realizes a set of complete routing protocol open source platform building strategy and a realization method for low earth orbit satellite congestion control based on NS3, solves the problems of link on-off and load imbalance in the operation of low earth orbit satellites, and can timely process faults when inter-satellite links are broken.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of low-orbit satellite simulation, in particular to a method for realizing a low-orbit satellite congestion control platform based on NS 3.
Background
Network simulation technology, as a branch of the simulation field, is increasingly becoming a powerful tool for analysis, research and design. The network simulation becomes an important means of network research by the advantages of flexibility, high efficiency, low cost and the like. Network simulation can be regarded as a network virtualization technology for constructing a network topology, realizing a network protocol and evaluating network performance by using related software, and comprises network topology simulation, protocol simulation and flow analysis. The network simulation is not only suitable for the construction and design of a network model and the evaluation and analysis of protocol performance, but also suitable for the development and research of a network protocol, and even suitable for the fault diagnosis of a real network. Therefore, the construction of the network simulation platform is an important problem to be researched.
Currently, there are many excellent Network simulation software, such as OPNET, Network Simulator 2(NS2), and Network Simulator 3(NS 3). The OPNET can be used as simulation platform software developed by the military, can simulate various networks such as a local area network, a wide area network, an integrated service digital network, a satellite communication network and the like, and can simulate the existing network protocols (such as TAM, Ethernet and the like). However, due to high price, poor openness and great learning barrier, network element modeling involved in bottom-layer programming has high technical difficulty. The NS2 uses the development mechanism of split-object model (split-object-model) to support the working languages of C + + and Otcl. The NS2 separates the data channel and the control channel in consideration of efficiency and convenience in operation. In order to reduce the processing time of data packets and events, an event scheduler and basic network component objects on a data channel are written in C + +, and a simulation scene is configured by an Otcl script. The NS3 uses the existing successful technologies and experiences of NS2, OPNET and the like for reference, and only uses C + + language to develop extension modules and write simulation scripts. In recent years, the NS3 has been greatly developed with its rich library of network component objects and a relatively sophisticated underlying programming model, and the NS3 is very friendly to the simulation of wireless networks, wired local area networks, and satellite networks.
Aiming at the problem of uneven flow distribution among satellites of low earth orbit satellites, a lot of researches are used for solving the problem, but most of the current researches lack researches on the establishment of a system simulation platform. Based on the technical scheme, the invention provides a set of system construction technical scheme of a low-orbit satellite simulation platform based on NS 3. The NS3 simulator has been greatly developed with the advance of network technology, but most of the current uses of NS3 are based on slight modification and comparison of existing protocols, and lack of building a detailed platform building process system, and are insufficient in research on the overall development process of a new routing protocol, and are not specific enough for the combination method of data flow and callback technology between internal layers, and also are not detailed enough for implementation methods within the layers.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems of low-orbit satellite platform building based on NS3 and inter-satellite routing in a low-orbit constellation system, the problems of lack of open source platform building simulation technology of NS3, insufficient open source platform building research and the like, and the problems of link on-off, load imbalance and the like in the operation of a low-orbit satellite. The invention provides a method for realizing a platform for controlling congestion of a low earth orbit satellite based on NS3 to solve the technical problems, provides a set of platform construction solution for low earth orbit satellite network simulation, and can better perform simulation test verification on low earth orbit satellite communication.
According to the method for realizing the NS 3-based platform for controlling the congestion of the low-orbit satellite, the platform for controlling the congestion of the low-orbit satellite is built in an emulation simulator NS3 according to the hierarchical structure of a TCP/IP communication protocol, a satellite node is sequentially built, network equipment and a channel are installed, a network protocol stack is installed, an IP address is installed, transceiving application equipment is installed, and data flow monitoring is installed.
When the satellite nodes are created, the satellite position coordinates are added by the position assigner in NS3 and updated over time according to the satellite movement module in NS 3.
When the network equipment and the channel are installed, a communication task queue is established for each satellite, and data packets input and output by the network equipment are recorded.
When a network protocol stack is installed, a route control strategy for displaying load balance is set; the route control strategy for displaying load balance comprises the following steps:
(31) the satellite continuously monitors the communication task queue of the satellite to determine the state of the satellite, wherein the states include idle, warning and busy states; setting queue ratio thresholds alpha and beta, alpha being set to half of beta; setting the occupancy rate of a data packet of a communication task queue of the satellite at the time t as q (t), wherein when q (t) < alpha, the satellite is idle, when q (t) > beta, the satellite is busy, and when alpha is less than or equal to q (t) < beta, the satellite is congested and is in a warning state;
(32) for the satellite A, when the satellite A is detected to be in the warning state, the satellite A sends a warning message to an adjacent satellite, the adjacent satellite requests to update a routing table of the adjacent satellite, and a standby path which does not include the satellite A is searched; when the satellite A is in a busy state, sending a busy state announcement BSA (bovine serum albumin) signaling to an adjacent satellite, requesting the adjacent satellite to reduce the transmission rate of the traffic transmitted to the satellite A to be x times, and transmitting the remaining (1-x) times of traffic data through a retrieved standby path; wherein χ is a traffic reduction ratio, and is set by the satellite A and sent to an adjacent satellite through a BSA (bovine serum albumin) signaling;
is provided with
Wherein IsRepresenting the flow rate from the neighboring satellite(s),
indicating that a new traffic rate from a neighboring satellite is allowed;
wherein P isavgIs the average packet size, η is the time interval over which the satellite load is detected, QlFor the total length of the satellite communication task queue, q (t)BSA) Indicating the occupancy of the communication task queue for satellite a when BSA signaling arrives at the neighboring satellite.
Routing tables for satellite communications are initially established using a shortest path algorithm for global routing. The satellite regularly detects the connection and disconnection of the links between the satellites, and when the state of the satellite links changes, the routing table is updated. The satellite regularly detects the satellite load, identifies the satellite state, sends a warning message to the adjacent satellite when the satellite state changes from idle to warning, and updates the routing table when the satellite receives the warning message sent by the adjacent satellite.
Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages and positive effects that:
(1) the invention realizes a set of complete routing protocol open source platform building strategy and realization method for low earth orbit satellite congestion control based on NS3, and provides some technical ideas and realization means for promoting the development of satellite routing algorithm simulation test;
(2) the method utilizes the NS3 simulation platform to realize the routing congestion control of the low-orbit satellite communication, and solves the problems of link on-off and load imbalance in the operation of the low-orbit satellite by the congestion control platform in order to better perform simulation test verification on the low-orbit satellite communication, and can timely process faults when links among satellites are broken.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the construction flow of the platform for low earth orbit satellite congestion control based on NS 3;
FIG. 2 is a low earth orbit satellite constellation network topology design diagram in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of Earth coordinates identifying the location of low earth orbit satellites in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of the results of throughput simulation of the ELB routing protocol and the Global routing protocol of the present invention at different transmission rates;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of a packet loss rate simulation result of the ELB routing protocol and the Global routing protocol of the present invention at different transmission rates.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
The invention realizes a set of complete routing protocol open source platform construction scheme for low earth orbit satellite congestion control based on NS3, combines the top-layer framework realization process of NS3 with the modularization of the bottom network element unit, and provides some ideas and ideas for promoting the development of satellite routing algorithm simulation test.
As shown in FIG. 1, in the platform for controlling congestion of a low earth orbit satellite, a TCP/IP communication protocol is adopted for wireless channels among satellite nodes, data communication is simulated in an emulation simulator NS3 according to the hierarchical structure of the TCP/IP protocol, and a top layer model and a bottom layer module are constructed. In the top model, the invention respectively creates satellite nodes, installs network equipment and channels, installs a network protocol stack, installs IP addresses, installs transceiving application equipment, installs data stream monitoring and the like, and respectively realizes the design of satellite constellation and mobile model, queue flow control, route establishment and forwarding strategy, flow load detection strategy and the like on the bottom layer. And (4) performing connection between the upper-layer framework building and the bottom-layer module by using a Helper.
The invention calls the designed satellite constellation and the mobile model when the satellite node is established. The embodiment of the invention combines the characteristics of polar orbit satellites and considers a grid network constellation. As shown in fig. 2, the constellation consists of M × N satellites evenly distributed over N orbits. On each orbit, the satellite nodes are distributed at equal intervals of 2 pi/M from the equator, and the angle interval of every two adjacent polar orbits is 2 pi/N. In the constellation considered, the present invention does not consider a seam where two inter-satellite links close due to reverse motion. Thus, it is assumed that each satellite maintains four inter-satellite links with its neighbors at any time.
As shown in fig. 3, in the embodiment of the present invention, an earth coordinate system is established, the earth center is used as an origin O, the north-pointing direction is used as a z-axis, and the initial polar coordinate of the satellite m can be expressed as
r is the distance of the satellite m from the origin,
is an angle formed by the z-axis and a half-plane of the satellite node m and the coordinate plane zOx, and λ is an angle between the line segment Om and the positive direction of the z-axis. Based on the mobility module in NS3, the satellite position coordinates are added to the position assigner, and the polar equation for the m position of the satellite can be expressed as:
wherein,% is the operation of taking the remainder, mod is the operation of taking the modulus, a represents the distance from the origin to the satellite m, and m is the index of the satellite.
The cartesian coordinates of the location of the satellite m can be expressed as (x, y, z) according to the spherical coordinate formula as follows:
the invention considers that the satellite orbit groups all use north and south poles as axes and rotate around the axes at an angular speed w. Considering the implementation in NS3, the present invention sets the positions of all satellites to update the rotation states of the simulated satellites once every time δ, and therefore at time tcThe time satellite coordinates are expressed as (x)1,y1,z1) The following are:
the satellite mobility module proposed by the present invention is added to the mobility module of the NS 3. In the position distributor, the satellite position coordinates are added according to the formula (2), the satellite position coordinates are updated according to the formula (3), and a related help assistant is programmed to ensure that a programmed satellite moving module can be added when simulation is realized.
The invention calls the queue flow control module when installing the network equipment and the channel. Each satellite node is provided with a queue flow control module, establishes a communication task queue and records data packets input and output by network equipment. The queue flow control module initializes the queue and its cache in the network device of each satellite node using the queue class. The queue flow control module also provides queue optical disks which mainly have two functions, on one hand, the queue flow control module can realize the functions of inputting, outputting and putting data packets; on the other hand, in the process of recording the data packet, the data volume of the data in, out and out is recorded. The queue flow control module is also provided with a method for acquiring queue related data, and can acquire input and output flow rate, current queue occupancy rate and total queue length from the installed queue.
When the network protocol stack is installed, the ELB routing module is called, and comprises a routing establishment and forwarding strategy module and a flow load detection strategy module. Each satellite node is provided with a route establishing and forwarding strategy module and a flow load detection strategy module, and is combined with a queue flow control module to realize a route control strategy for displaying load balance. And the flow load detection strategy module is used for detecting the self state of the satellite and sending the self state to the route establishing and forwarding strategy module. The route establishing and forwarding strategy module establishes and updates a route table, predicts the possibility of satellite transmission congestion according to the self state of the satellite, and adopts different strategies according to different states to reduce the data transmission rate of the satellite so as to reduce the situation of satellite transmission congestion.
The ELB routing module adopts an Explicit Load Balancing (ELB) algorithm, and aims to solve the problem of satellite congestion caused by uneven flow distribution, and meanwhile, can detect the broken link of an inter-satellite link and realize the switching of paths. The ELB algorithm can predict congestion and notify neighboring satellites before congestion occurs. In the ELB routing algorithm, a satellite continuously monitors the size of a communication task queue of the satellite through a traffic load detection strategy module to determine the state of the satellite, wherein the satellite has three states of idle, warning and busy. The satellite state, once changed, is notified to its neighboring satellites by a self-state advertisement packet. A satellite with a high traffic load requests its neighbors to forward a portion of the data to avoid impending congestion, and the data to be forwarded is destined for transmission over alternate paths that do not involve the congested satellite. In the ELB mechanism, the satellites use three parameters to indicate their congestion status and to reduce their data transmission rate, respectively. These parameters include queue Ratio thresholds α, β and Traffic Reduction Ratio (TRR) χ. The key idea behind the beta setting is to reflect the packet dropping probability to avoid packet loss when the satellite is operating under heavy load. The threshold α is set to half of β in view of improving the accuracy of the warning and reducing the overhead that may be caused by frequently searching for alternative paths. The main purpose of setting the TRR parameter χ is to allow the satellite to return to its free state and stay in that state for at least a predetermined period of time. The values of the thresholds alpha and beta are (0, 1).
The state of the satellite may be marked by comparing the queue ratio q (t) of current queue occupancy to total queue size to two thresholds, and the state of the satellite may be obtained by equation (4):
in the ELB routing algorithm, satellites may dynamically exchange information about their queue occupancy states with their neighboring satellites. When satellite a undergoes a state transition from idle to alert, i.e., satellite a is in an alert state, it will send an alert message to its neighboring satellites. The neighboring satellites then request updating of their routing tables and start searching for an alternate path that does not include satellite a as a backup path. When satellite A enters Busy State, it sends Busy State Announcement (BSA) signaling packet to its adjacent satellite, requesting the adjacent satellite to reduce the traffic transmission rate to satellite A to be x times, and the rest 1-x part of traffic data will be transmitted through the previously retrieved standby path. Wherein the BSA signaling packet may carry information of the satellite identifier and the TRR.
The route establishing and forwarding strategy module in the embodiment of the invention is realized based on a global routing algorithm. The routing table is mainly managed by two parts, one part is to establish an initial global routing table, and the other part is to update the routing table when the state changes. First, an initial routing table is built using a shortest path algorithm for global routing. The shortest path algorithm finds the shortest route entry according to the SPF (shortest path first) algorithm and adds the calculated route paths of all nodes to the ELB routing module of the satellite. The ELB routing module provides an external interface that enables routing table computations when scripting. The ELB routing module is mainly responsible for updating the routing table after the link state changes and the satellite state changes. First, a function "Doiniarize" is added, which is added to the event list as an inheritance of "iniarizze", becoming a routing protocol implementation module entry. In the algorithm implementation of the ELB routing module, two timers are designed, wherein one timer periodically sends a hello message for detecting the connection and disconnection of a link. When the hello message detects a change in link status, it will trigger an update of the routing table. Another timer periodically detects the satellite load and periodically detects the satellite state using load monitoring. When the load status of a given satellite changes from idle to alert, it sends an alert packet to the corresponding neighbor satellite, triggering a routing table update to search for another path. When the satellite state changes from alert to busy, the satellite transmits a BSA signal, and when the adjacent satellite receives the data packet, it transmits a BSA signal with a χ: a ratio of 1- χ allocates data through the congested path and the backup path. In addition, the ELB routing module provides two external interfaces, called a routing out and a routing in, for receiving and forwarding packets. The route input receives a packet sent by layer 3 (L3, routing layer) and determines the next hop based on the routing table. The data packet is forwarded to the layer L3 through the routing output, and the data packet transmission of the routing layer is completed.
For satellite a, the formulas for the queue ratio thresholds α, β and the traffic reduction ratio χ are calculated as follows:
where d represents the link delay between satellites, QlRepresents the total length of the communication task queue of the satellite A, Q (t) represents the occupied length of the data packet of the communication task queue of the satellite A at the time t, PavgIs the average packet size, I and O represent the total incoming and outgoing traffic rates, q (t), respectively, for satellite ABSA) Indicating the occupancy of the communication task queue of satellite A when BSA signaling packets reach the neighboring satellites, IsRepresenting the traffic rate of satellite a from the neighboring satellites,
indicating that satellite a may allow new traffic rates from neighboring satellites: eta represents the time interval during which the timer detects the satellite load, i.e. the communication task queue of satellite a is checked once every time eta.
When the data stream monitoring is installed, the bottom layer function is called, a tr file is generated by using a tracking system, drawing is performed by using Gnuplot, and visualization is performed by using NetAnim or Pyviz.
The statistical analysis of the simulation results of the NS3 can be divided into two categories, namely, simulation of network scenarios and simulation data analysis. NetAnim and Pyviz can be used to visualize network scenarios. The NS3 provides a tracking mechanism. When the information needed by the user changes, the system informs the user to process the information instead of going deep into the system kernel. The tracking mechanism includes a tracking source and a tracking receiver for providing information and consuming information. The NS3 generates signal events during the simulation process and provides an associated data access path. A trace receiver is a user of events and times provided by a trace source to which the trace receiver must be connected. For example, the trace source may provide the time at which the network device receives the data packet and provide the content of the data packet according to the requirements of the trace receiver. The trace receiver may output the useful information of the data packet into a trace file.
After the simulation is completed, a trace file can be generated for analysis, and the NS3 trace file can be read by Wireshark and Tcpdump for network data packet analysis. The Linux system provides a Gnuplot drawing tool. The added Gnoulot class in the NS3 can generate data which can be read and used by Gnoulot tools, and a data graph can be generated by utilizing Gnoulot. NetAnim can generate an xml file through the corresponding class provided by NS3 to demonstrate the topology and mobility of the satellite.
The invention mainly analyzes and generates the tracking file of the data packet information by means of a Gawk tool. The simulation result is divided into three steps as follows:
1. and generating a tracking file with the data packet information.
2. With the help of a Gawk tool, analyzing data information in tracking, writing a script for calculating packet loss rate and data throughput by using Gawk, and generating an information file for drawing Gnuplot.
3. The data map is generated by Gnuplot.
Based on the above, the embodiment of the invention realizes the construction process of the low-orbit satellite congestion control platform based on the NS3, provides reference for the use of the NS3 platform in satellite modeling, and proposes to use an ELB routing control strategy aiming at the problem of uneven satellite traffic distribution. The platform for controlling congestion of the low-orbit satellite constructed by the method is simulated and compared with other simulation platforms using Global routing protocols, namely satellite routing protocols.
As shown in fig. 4 and 5, simulation experiments were performed on the platform for low-earth orbit satellite control congestion implemented by the present invention. The abscissa of fig. 4 is the packet transmission rate and the ordinate is the Throughput (Throughput). The abscissa of fig. 5 is the packet transmission rate, and the ordinate is the packet loss rate. It can be seen that, under the same transmission rate, the ELB routing protocol of the present invention is much lower than the Global routing protocol in terms of packet loss rate and better than the Global routing protocol in terms of throughput. The performance is attributed to that the global routing algorithm is based on the shortest path algorithm, a routing table is searched according to the shortest path, when the satellite is congested, no switching mechanism exists, the subsequent data flow is still sent to the congested satellite, and as a result, the packet loss rate is higher. When the satellite is congested, the ELB routing protocol can quickly find the standby routing table through the load detection mechanism and the search of the standby routing table, disperse partial data flow of the congested satellite, effectively reduce the congestion state of the satellite and keep lower packet loss rate.
Claims (5)
1. A method for realizing a platform for controlling congestion of a low orbit satellite based on NS3 is characterized in that according to a hierarchical structure of a TCP/IP communication protocol, a platform for controlling congestion of a low orbit satellite is built in a simulation simulator NS3, and comprises the steps of sequentially creating satellite nodes, installing network equipment and channels, installing a network protocol stack, installing IP addresses, installing transceiving application equipment and installing data flow monitoring; wherein still include:
(1) at the time of creation of the satellite node, the satellite position coordinates are added by the position assigner in NS3 and updated over time in accordance with the satellite movement module in NS 3;
(2) when network equipment and a channel are installed, a communication task queue is established for each satellite, and data packets input and output by the network equipment are recorded;
(3) when a network protocol stack is installed, a route control strategy for displaying load balance is set; the route control strategy for displaying load balance comprises the following steps:
(31) the satellite continuously monitors the communication task queue of the satellite to determine the state of the satellite, wherein the states include idle, warning and busy states; setting queue ratio thresholds alpha and beta, alpha being set to half of beta; setting the occupancy rate of a data packet of a communication task queue of the satellite at the time t as q (t), wherein when q (t) < alpha, the satellite is idle, when q (t) > beta, the satellite is busy, and when alpha is less than or equal to q (t) < beta, the satellite is congested and is in a warning state;
(32) for the satellite A, when the satellite A is detected to be in the warning state, the satellite A sends a warning message to an adjacent satellite, the adjacent satellite requests to update a routing table of the adjacent satellite, and a standby path which does not contain the satellite A is searched; when the satellite A is in a busy state, sending a busy state announcement BSA (bovine serum albumin) signaling to an adjacent satellite, requesting the adjacent satellite to reduce the transmission rate of the traffic transmitted to the satellite A to be x times, and transmitting the remaining (1-x) times of traffic data through a standby path; wherein χ is a traffic reduction ratio, and is set by the satellite A and sent to an adjacent satellite through a BSA (bovine serum albumin) signaling;
is provided with
Wherein IsRepresenting the flow rate from the neighboring satellite(s),
indicating that a new traffic rate from a neighboring satellite is allowed;
wherein P isavgIs the average packet size, η is the time interval over which the satellite load is detected, QlFor the total length of the satellite A communication task queue, q (t)BSA) Indicating the occupancy of the communication task queue for satellite a when BSA signaling arrives at the neighboring satellite.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein in step (31), the queue ratio thresholds α and β are set by:
obtaining total length Q of satellite communication task queuelAcquiring the data packet occupation length Q (t) of a communication task queue of the satellite at the time t, acquiring the total input service rate I and the total output service rate O of the satellite, and setting the threshold value beta as follows:
wherein d represents the link delay between the satellites, and delta is the period of the satellite moving module for updating the once simulated satellite rotation state;
setting a threshold value
3. The method of claim 1, wherein in step (3), the routing table for satellite communication is initially established using a shortest path algorithm for global routing; the satellite is provided with two timers, one timer is used for periodically detecting the connection and disconnection of the link between the satellites, and the routing table is updated when the state of the satellite link changes; another timer periodically detects the satellite load, identifies the satellite state, sends a warning message to the neighboring satellite when the satellite state changes from idle to warning, and updates the routing table when the satellite receives the warning message sent by the neighboring satellite.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein (1) in creating the satellite nodes, the design satellite constellation consists of M x N polar orbit satellites evenly distributed over N orbits, on each orbit, starting from the equator, the satellite nodes are equally spaced by 2 pi/M, and every two adjacent polar orbits are angularly spaced by 2 pi/N; each satellite maintains four inter-satellite links with its neighboring satellites at any time; wherein M, N are all positive integers; the position assigner in NS3 adds the position coordinates (x, y, z) of satellite m as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
is the polar coordinate of the satellite m in the terrestrial coordinate system, the direction pointing to the north pole is taken as the z-axis, lambda is the included angle between the line segment Om and the positive direction of the z-axis,
is the angle formed by the z-axis and the half-plane of the satellite m and the coordinate plane zOx, and r is the distance of the satellite m from the origin O.
5. The method according to claim 1 or 4, wherein in the (1), the satellite moving module in the NS3 sets the satellite to rotate around the axis at the angular velocity w, updates the simulated satellite rotation state once every time delta, updates the positions of all the satellites, and then updates the positions of all the satellites at the time tcUpdating the coordinates of the satellite m to be (x)1,y1,z1) The following are:
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