CN113507320A - Hybrid VLC-RF communication system and arrival information rate analysis method - Google Patents

Hybrid VLC-RF communication system and arrival information rate analysis method Download PDF

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CN113507320A
CN113507320A CN202110726091.7A CN202110726091A CN113507320A CN 113507320 A CN113507320 A CN 113507320A CN 202110726091 A CN202110726091 A CN 202110726091A CN 113507320 A CN113507320 A CN 113507320A
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vlc
led
channel
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opt
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张煜
熊轲
吴鹏
单葆国
谭显东
霍沫霖
王成洁
唐伟
谭清坤
吴姗姗
张成龙
李江涛
段金辉
冀星沛
徐朝
张春成
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Beijing Jiaotong University
State Grid Energy Research Institute Co Ltd
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State Grid Energy Research Institute Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/11—Arrangements specific to free-space transmission, i.e. transmission through air or vacuum
    • H04B10/114—Indoor or close-range type systems
    • H04B10/116—Visible light communication
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/07—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems
    • H04B10/075—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal
    • H04B10/079—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal using measurements of the data signal
    • H04B10/0795—Performance monitoring; Measurement of transmission parameters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/07—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems
    • H04B10/075—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal
    • H04B10/079—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal using measurements of the data signal
    • H04B10/0795—Performance monitoring; Measurement of transmission parameters
    • H04B10/07953—Monitoring or measuring OSNR, BER or Q
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/29—Repeaters
    • H04B10/291—Repeaters in which processing or amplification is carried out without conversion of the main signal from optical form
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/50—Transmitters
    • H04B10/501—Structural aspects
    • H04B10/502—LED transmitters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
    • H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
    • H04Q11/0062—Network aspects
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
    • H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
    • H04Q11/0062—Network aspects
    • H04Q2011/0079—Operation or maintenance aspects
    • H04Q2011/0083—Testing; Monitoring
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
    • H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
    • H04Q11/0062—Network aspects
    • H04Q2011/0086—Network resource allocation, dimensioning or optimisation

Abstract

The invention discloses a relay-assisted hybrid VLC-RF communication system and an arrival information rate analysis method, wherein the system comprises: the LED AP is used for lighting and information transmission; the full-duplex relay node is used for receiving information from the LED AP, retransmitting the information to the IU and constructing a double-hop VLC-RF link; IU for accessing the network via a dual hop VLC-RF link or a direct VLC link; and a plurality of EHUs for collecting energy from the LEDs AP and charging the battery with visible light EH.

Description

Hybrid VLC-RF communication system and arrival information rate analysis method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of computers, in particular to a hybrid VLC-RF communication system assisted by a relay and an arrival information rate analysis method.
Background
The development of 5G networks and the Internet of Things (IoT) has led to large-scale emerging applications such as virtual reality, ultra-high-definition video, smart industry, smart home, and interactive gaming. These applications require high capacity from the wireless network. Meanwhile, with the development of the internet of things, the number of deployed devices is increased sharply, so that the data traffic is increased exponentially, and huge pressure is brought to the existing communication network, so that people are prompted to explore high-frequency communication.
Most data consumption/generation is reported to occur in indoor environments. In order to provide high data rate communication services to indoor devices, alleviate the scarcity of available radio-frequency (RF) spectrum, and provide illumination at the same time, Optical Wireless Communication (OWC), especially LED-based Visible Light Communication (VLC), has been recognized as an important technology for 5G and future 6G systems. VLC uses the unlicensed high frequency visible spectrum (approximately 400THz-790THz) as baseband, with bandwidths up to approximately 400 THz. The cost of constructing LED-based VLCs is much less than conventional RF systems. Furthermore, cost-effectiveness may be further improved since existing lighting infrastructure may be utilized.
On the other hand, VLC can also transmit energy by light signals. Since many small devices in the internet of things system are powered by a battery with limited energy capacity, visible light signals emitted from the VLC system can be used for Energy Harvesting (EH), thereby prolonging the service life of the internet of things devices. By using small-sized solar panels at the internet of things device receiver, the EH receiver can directly convert the received visible light signals into electrical energy for further use. Therefore, the operation cost caused by frequently replacing the battery of the Internet of things equipment can be greatly reduced. VLC may enhance short-range transmission of information and energy without causing any interference to conventional RF-based wireless networks. Therefore, hybrid VLC-RF networks have attracted considerable attention from researchers.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to a hybrid VLC-RF communication system with relay assistance and an arrival information rate analysis method, which are used to solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art.
The invention provides a relay-assisted hybrid VLC-RF communication system, comprising:
the LED AP is used for lighting and information transmission;
the full-duplex relay node is used for receiving information from the LED AP, retransmitting the information to the IU and constructing a double-hop VLC-RF link;
IU for accessing the network via a dual hop VLC-RF link or a direct VLC link;
and a plurality of EHUs for collecting energy from the LEDs AP and charging the battery with visible light EH.
The invention provides an arrival information rate analysis method in a hybrid VLC-RF system, which is used for the relay-assisted hybrid VLC-RF communication system and comprises the following steps:
determining and satisfying constraints of the EH requirements of each EHU;
under the constraints, the available information rate on the IU is maximized by jointly optimizing the access mode selection factor, the dc offset, the peak amplitude and the power allocation ratio.
With the embodiment of the invention, the information user IU is allowed to access the network through the VLC-ONLY mode or the VLC-RF mode, and the energy collection user EHU can collect energy from the light signals sent by the LED access point AP; further, in the above system, the information rate available at the IU can be maximized while satisfying the EH requirements of the EHU.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present invention, and the embodiments of the present invention are described below in order to make the technical means of the present invention more clearly understood and to make the above and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more clearly understandable.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a relay-assisted hybrid VLC-RF communication system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flowchart of an arrival information rate analysis method in a hybrid VLC-RF system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to solve the technical problem in the prior art, an embodiment of the present invention provides a hybrid VLC-RF communication system with relay assistance, which meets an energy collection requirement of an energy-collecting user (EHU) and maximizes an information rate available to an Information User (IU). Wherein the information user IU is allowed to access the network via VLC-ONLY mode or VLC-RF mode, while the energy harvesting user EHU is able to harvest energy from the light signal emitted by the LED access point AP. Embodiments of the present invention also provide a design method, in the above system, to satisfy EH requirements of EHU while maximizing the available information rate at IU.
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", and the like, indicate orientations and positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be considered as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, features defined as "first", "second", may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the described features. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise. Furthermore, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly and may, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
System embodiment
According to an embodiment of the present invention, a relay-assisted hybrid VLC-RF communication system is provided, fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a relay-assisted hybrid VLC-RF communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 1, the relay-assisted hybrid VLC-RF communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention specifically includes:
the LED AP is used for lighting and information transmission; wherein the LED AP is specifically configured to: for signal transmission via a full duplex relay node and/or for transmitting information directly to the IU via VLC link;
the full-duplex relay node is used for receiving information from the LED AP, retransmitting the information to the IU and constructing a double-hop VLC-RF link;
IU for accessing the network via a dual hop VLC-RF link or a direct VLC link;
and a plurality of EHUs for collecting energy from the LEDs AP and charging the battery with visible light EH.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, consider an indoor downlink VLC-RF hybrid communication system as shown in fig. 1, which is composed of one LED AP, one IU, N EHUs, and one full-duplex relay node. The LED AP has dual functions of illumination and signal transmission. Both the users (i.e., IU and EHU) and relays are within the coverage of the LED AP. The EHU is capable of harvesting energy from the LEDs, charging the battery via visible light EH. The IU may access the network through a dual hop VLC-RF link or a direct VLC link. For a dual-hop VLC-RF link, the full-duplex relay receives information from the LED AP while retransmitting the information to the IU. For direct VLC linking, the LED AP directly communicates information to the IU.
Method embodiment
According to an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided an arrival information rate analyzing method in a hybrid VLC-RF system, which is used in the above-mentioned relay-assisted hybrid VLC-RF communication system, and fig. 2 is a flowchart of the arrival information rate analyzing method in the hybrid VLC-RF system according to the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, the arrival information rate analyzing method in the hybrid VLC-RF system according to the embodiment of the present invention specifically includes:
step 201, determining and satisfying the constraint of the EH requirement of each EHU; step 201 specifically includes:
performing network modeling of the LED AP and channel modeling of the VLC channel and the RF channel;
calculating received signal-to-noise ratios of VLC channels and RF channels based on the network modeling and the channel modeling;
performing energy modeling on energy collected by the EHU from a direct current component of the received VLC signal through the solar panel;
carrying out access mode modeling of a VLC-RF access mode and a VLC-ONLY access mode;
an optimization problem construction that determines constraints that satisfy the EH requirements of each EHU is determined.
Step 202, under the constraint, the information rate available on IU is maximized by jointly optimizing the access mode selection factor, dc offset, peak amplitude and power allocation ratio. Step 202 specifically includes:
solving the constructed optimization problem by jointly optimizing an access mode selection factor, direct current offset, peak amplitude and power distribution ratio;
and obtaining the optimal parameters according to the solving result, and maximizing the obtainable information rate on the IU.
The above-described technical means of the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below.
Under the constraint of satisfying the EH requirements of each EHU, the available information rate on the IU is maximized by jointly optimizing the access mode selection factor, the dc offset, the peak amplitude, and the power allocation ratio.
The first step is as follows: and (5) modeling the network.
ytRepresenting light signals transmitted from the LED AP, yt＝PLED(x+B)；PLEDRepresents the LED power per unit (W/A) on the LED AP;
x represents an electrical information signal;
b denotes a DC offset added to x to avoid ytGenerating a non-positive number;
a represents the peak amplitude of the input electrical signal, A ≦ min (B-I)L,IH-B)，IHAnd ILRepresenting the maximum and minimum input current, respectively, of the DC bias, B ∈ [ I ]L,IH]。
The second step is that: and (4) channel modeling.
VLC channel modeling
VLC channel gain HVLC is expressed as:
Figure BDA0003137636810000061
Figure BDA0003137636810000062
Aprepresents a physical area of a Photodetector (PD);
d is the transmission distance between the LED AP and the illuminated surface of the PD;
phi is the angle of illumination from the LED to the photodetector;
ψ denotes an incident angle with respect to the solar cell panel axis;
gofrepresents the gain of the optical filter;
t (ψ) represents the gain of an optical concentrator installed at the PD;
ρ and ΨfovRespectively representing the refractive index and the field-of-view (FoV) of the PD;
ξ denotes the order of Lambertian emission (Lambertian emission),
Figure BDA0003137636810000071
Φ1/2the LED half-lighting half-angle is adopted.
RF channel modeling
The RF channel gain HRF is expressed as:
HRF＝10-PL[dB]/10，
Figure BDA0003137636810000072
PL [ dB ] represents the path loss between the relay and IU;
fcrepresents a carrier frequency;
dRFrepresents the transmission distance between the relay and the IU;
a, b and c are constants, depending on the propagation scenario;
k represents an environment-specific item;
for a RF line of sight (LOS) transmission scenario, a is 18.7, b is 46.8, c is 20, and k is 0.
The third step: the received signal-to-noise ratio is calculated.
Received signal-to-noise ratio through VLC channels:
the relayed or IU received signal is represented as: y isr＝ηHVLCyt+nr＝IAC+IDC+nr。
η is the photoelectric conversion factor (measured in A/W);
IACand IDCRespectively, a received AC component and a DC component, IAC＝ηHVLCPLEDx；
nrRepresents a variance of
Figure BDA0003137636810000073
Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN);
WVLCmodulation bandwidth for VLC channels;
Figure BDA0003137636810000074
is the noise power spectral density of the VLC channel.
The received signal-to-noise ratio of the relay through the VLC channel is
Figure BDA0003137636810000081
ηRIs the photoelectric conversion factor (measured in A/W) at the relay;
Figure BDA0003137636810000082
VLC channel gain for LED AP to relay.
IU received signal-to-noise ratio through VLC channel is
Figure BDA0003137636810000083
ηIUIs the photoelectric conversion factor at IU (measured in A/W);
Figure BDA0003137636810000084
VLC channel gain for LED AP to IU.
Received signal-to-noise ratio over RF channel
The received signal-to-noise ratio of the IU over the RF channel of the Relay-IU is
Figure BDA0003137636810000085
PRIs the transmission power of the relay;
WRFis the modulation bandwidth of the RF channel;
Figure BDA0003137636810000086
is the noise power spectral density of the RF channel.
The fourth step: and (4) energy collection modeling.
EHU received from solar panelEnergy is collected in the dc component of the VLC signal. The harvest energy per second for the ith EHU may be expressed as
Figure BDA0003137636810000087
f is a fill factor, which is a constant;
IDC,irepresenting the DC component at the ith EHU,
Figure BDA0003137636810000088
ηEHUis the photoelectric conversion factor (measured in A/W) at the EHU;
Figure BDA0003137636810000089
VLC channel gains for LED AP to ith EHU;
Voc,iis the open circuit voltage at the ith EHU,
Figure BDA00031376368100000810
Vtis a thermal voltage (typically about 25 mVolt);
I0is the dark saturation current of PD, about
Figure BDA0003137636810000091
In amperes.
The fifth step: two access patterns are modeled.
θ e {0,1} as a mode selection factor, the information rate available for IU in the considered system is R θ RVLC-RF+(1-θ)RVLC-ONLYWhere θ ═ 1 denotes that the VLC-RF mode is selected, and θ ═ 0 denotes that the VLC-ONLY mode is selected.
(ii) VLC-RF mode
IU achievable rate of
Figure BDA0003137636810000092
The lower bound on the information transfer rate achievable from LED AP to relay through VLC channels is:
Figure BDA0003137636810000093
e is a constant exponent (euler constant).
The information transfer rate relayed to the IU over the RF channel is:
Figure BDA0003137636810000094
VLC-ONLY mode
IU achievable rate of
Figure BDA0003137636810000095
And a sixth step: and (5) constructing an optimization problem.
Figure BDA0003137636810000096
s.t.Ei≥Eth,i＝1,...,N
IL≤B≤IH,
min(B-IL,IH-B)≥A,
0<α≤1,
A≥0,
θ∈{0,1},
PLED＝αPTotal,
PR＝(1-α)PTotal,
PTotalThe total power available for the system is represented as a fixed constant;
α denotes a power division factor, α PTotalAssigned to the LED AP as its transmission power, leaving (1-alpha) PTotalTo relays for receiving and forwarding information;
Ethis the lowest power required by each EHU.
The seventh step: and solving an optimization problem.
According to the value of theta, the problem P can be converted into the following two conditions to be solved respectively.
Where θ is 1, VLC-RF mode is selected, and P is converted to P1
Figure BDA0003137636810000101
s.t.Ei≥Eth,i＝1,...,N,
0<α≤1,
PLED＝αPTotal,
PR＝(1-α)PTotal,
Figure BDA0003137636810000102
A≤IH-B.
B＊An optimal dc offset for problem P;
through a series of mathematical transformations, solving for P1 may be transformed into a solving process as follows
Step 1. initialization
Figure BDA0003137636810000103
Step 2, setting n to be 1;
step 3. solving problem P1-F using a standard convex optimization solver, such as Sedumi or CVX＊,t＊,X＊,Y＊}。
Figure BDA0003137636810000111
Figure BDA0003137636810000112
0<α≤1,
t≥0,
Figure BDA0003137636810000113
Figure BDA0003137636810000114
0≤X≤αIH-Y,
Figure BDA0003137636810000115
Step 4. update
Figure BDA0003137636810000116
n＝n+1；
Step 5, if the iteration stop condition is not met, returning to Step 3; if the iteration stopping condition is met, the solution is finished, and the optimal solution { alpha ] is returned＊,t＊,X＊,Y＊}。
The optimal solution for P1 is { alpha }opt-P1,Aopt-P1,Bopt-P1}，αopt-P1＝α＊,
Figure BDA0003137636810000117
Thereby obtaining the maximum achievable rate R in VLC-RF modeVLC-RF(＊)。
When theta is 0, the VLC-ONLY mode is selected, and P is converted into P2;
Figure BDA0003137636810000118
s.t.PLED＝PTotal,
Ei≥Eth,i＝1,...,N,
Figure BDA0003137636810000119
A≤IH-B.
B＊an optimal dc offset for problem P;
through a series of mathematical transformations, one can find:
Figure BDA00031376368100001110
A＊＝IH-B＊
therefore, the maximum reachable speed in the VLC-ONLY mode can be obtained:
Figure BDA0003137636810000121
eighth step: the optimal parameters are obtained.
If R isVLC-ONLY(＊)≤RVLC-RF(＊)The optimal solution for P is { theta }opt,αopt,Aopt,Bopt}，θopt＝1,αopt＝α＊,
Figure BDA0003137636810000122
If R isVLC-ONLY(＊)>RVLC-RF(＊)The optimal solution for P is { theta }opt,αopt,Aopt,Bopt}，θopt＝0,αopt＝1,Aopt＝A＊,Bopt＝B＊。
In summary, with the technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention, the information user IU is allowed to access the network through the VLC-ONLY mode or VLC-RF mode, and the energy harvesting user EHU can harvest energy from the light signal emitted by the LED access point AP; further, in the above system, the information rate available at the IU can be maximized while satisfying the EH requirements of the EHU.
It should also be noted that the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
One or more embodiments of the present description may be described in the general context of computer-executable instructions, such as program modules, being executed by a computer. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, etc. that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. One or more embodiments of the specification may also be practiced in distributed computing environments where tasks are performed by remote processing devices that are linked through a communications network. In a distributed computing environment, program modules may be located in both local and remote computer storage media including memory storage devices.
The embodiments in the present specification are described in a progressive manner, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from the other embodiments. In particular, for the system embodiment, since it is substantially similar to the method embodiment, the description is simple, and for the relevant points, reference may be made to the partial description of the method embodiment.
The above description is only an example of this document and is not intended to limit this document. Various modifications and changes may occur to those skilled in the art from this document. Any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. which come within the spirit and principle of the disclosure are intended to be included within the scope of the claims of this document.

Claims (10)

1. A relay-assisted hybrid VLC-RF communication system, comprising:
the LED AP is used for lighting and information transmission;
the full-duplex relay node is used for receiving information from the LED AP, retransmitting the information to the IU and constructing a double-hop VLC-RF link;
IU for accessing the network via a dual hop VLC-RF link or a direct VLC link;
and a plurality of EHUs for collecting energy from the LEDs AP and charging the battery with visible light EH.
2. The hybrid VLC-RF communication system of claim 1, wherein LED AP is specifically configured to: for signaling through the full duplex relay node and/or for transmitting information directly to the IU over the VLC link.
3. A method for rate analysis of arrival information in a hybrid VLC-RF system, for use in a relay-assisted hybrid VLC-RF communication system according to claim 1 or 2, the method comprising:
determining and satisfying constraints of the EH requirements of each EHU;
under the constraints, the available information rate on the IU is maximized by jointly optimizing the access mode selection factor, the dc offset, the peak amplitude and the power allocation ratio.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein determining and satisfying the constraints of the EH requirements of each EHU comprises in particular:
performing network modeling of the LED AP and channel modeling of the VLC channel and the RF channel;
calculating received signal-to-noise ratios of VLC channels and RF channels based on the network modeling and the channel modeling;
performing energy modeling on energy collected by the EHU from a direct current component of the received VLC signal through the solar panel;
carrying out access mode modeling of a VLC-RF access mode and a VLC-ONLY access mode;
an optimization problem construction that determines constraints that satisfy the EH requirements of each EHU is determined.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein maximizing the information rate available on IU by jointly optimizing access mode selection factor, DC offset, peak amplitude and power allocation ratio under the constraints specifically comprises:
solving the constructed optimization problem by jointly optimizing an access mode selection factor, direct current offset, peak amplitude and power distribution ratio;
and obtaining the optimal parameters according to the solving result, and maximizing the obtainable information rate on the IU.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein performing network modeling of LED APs and channel modeling of VLC channels and RF channels specifically comprises:
calculating the light signal y transmitted from the LED AP according to equation 1t：
yt＝PLED(x + B) formula 1;
wherein, PLEDRepresents the LED power per unit on the LED AP, x represents the electrical information signal, B represents the DC offset added to x;
calculating the peak amplitude A of the input electrical signal according to equation 2
A≤min(B-IL,IH-B) formula 2;
wherein, IHAnd ILRepresenting the maximum and minimum input current, respectively, of the DC bias, B ∈ [ I ]L,IH]；
VLC channel gain H is calculated according to equation 3 and equation 4VLC：
Figure FDA0003137636800000021
Figure FDA0003137636800000022
Wherein A ispDenotes the physical area of the photodetector PD, d is the transmission distance between the LED AP and the illuminated surface of the PD,. phi is the angle of illumination from the LED to the photodetector,. phi denotes the angle of incidence with respect to the solar panel axis, gofPresentation opticsGain of the filter, T (ψ) represents the gain of the optical concentrator mounted at the PD, ρ and ΨfovRepresenting the refractive index of the PD and the field of view FoV, respectively, ξ represents the order of the lambertian emission,
Figure FDA0003137636800000031
Φ1/2the LED half-lighting half-angle;
determining RF channel gain H according to equation 5 and equation 6RF：
HRF＝10-PL[dB]/10Equation 5;
Figure FDA0003137636800000032
wherein, PL [ dB]Representing path loss between the relay and the IU, fcRepresenting the carrier frequency, dRFRepresenting the transmission distance between the relay and the IU, a, b and c are constants, k represents an environment-specific term;
calculating the received signal-to-noise ratios of the VLC channel and the RF channel based on the network modeling and the channel modeling specifically includes:
calculating the received signal-to-noise ratio through the VLC channel:
the relayed or IU received signal is calculated according to equation 7:
yr＝ηHVLCyt+nr＝IAC+IDC+nrequation 7;
wherein eta is a photoelectric conversion factor, IACAnd IDCRespectively, a received AC component and a DC component, IAC＝ηHVLCPLEDx，nrRepresents a variance of
Figure FDA0003137636800000033
White additive Gaussian noise, WVLCFor the modulation bandwidth of the VLC channel,
Figure FDA0003137636800000034
is the noise power spectral density of the VLC channel;
calculating the received signal-to-noise ratio of the relay through the VLC channel according to equation 8:
Figure FDA0003137636800000035
wherein eta isRIs the photoelectric conversion factor at the relay site,
Figure FDA0003137636800000036
VLC channel gain for LED AP to relay;
the received signal-to-noise ratio of the IU through the VLC channel is calculated according to equation 9:
Figure FDA0003137636800000037
wherein eta isIUIs a photoelectric conversion factor at IU,
Figure FDA0003137636800000038
VLC channel gains for LEDs AP to IU;
calculating the received signal-to-noise ratio through the RF channel:
the received signal-to-noise ratio of the IU over the RF channel of the relay-IU is calculated according to equation 10:
Figure FDA0003137636800000041
wherein, PRIs the transmission power of the relay, WRFIs the modulation bandwidth of the RF channel and,
Figure FDA0003137636800000042
is the noise power spectral density of the RF channel.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein energy modeling of energy collected by the EHU from the DC component of the received VLC signal via the solar panel specifically comprises:
the harvest energy per second for the ith EHU was calculated according to equation 11:
Figure FDA0003137636800000043
wherein f is a fill factor, which is a constant; i isDC,iRepresenting the DC component at the ith EHU,
Figure FDA0003137636800000044
ηEHUis the photoelectric conversion factor at the EHU,
Figure FDA0003137636800000045
VLC channel gains for LED AP to ith EHU; voc,iIs the open circuit voltage at the ith EHU,
Figure FDA0003137636800000046
Vtis a thermal voltage, I0Is the dark saturation current of the PD.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the access mode modeling of VLC-RF access modes and VLC-ONLY access modes specifically comprises:
let θ e {0,1} be the mode selection factor, and the information rate available to IU in the considered system is R θ RVLC-RF+(1-θ)RVLC-ONLYθ ═ 1 denotes that the VLC-RF mode is selected, and θ ═ 0 denotes that the VLC-ONLY mode is selected;
the IU achievable rate in VLC-RF mode is calculated according to equation 12:
Figure FDA0003137636800000047
the lower bound of the information transfer rate achievable by the LED AP to the relay through the VLC channel is calculated according to equation 13:
Figure FDA0003137636800000051
wherein e is a constant exponent, i.e., the Euler constant;
the rate of information transfer relayed to the IU over the RF channel is calculated according to equation 14:
Figure FDA0003137636800000052
calculating IU achievable rate in VLC-ONLY mode according to equation 15:
Figure FDA0003137636800000053
9. the method of claim 8, wherein determining an optimization problem construction that satisfies constraints of the EH requirements of each EHU specifically comprises:
the optimization problem construction satisfying the constraint of the EH requirement of each EHU is performed according to equation 16:
P:
Figure FDA0003137636800000054
s.t.Ei≥Eth,i＝1,...,N
IL≤B≤IH,
min(B-IL,IH-B)≥A,
0<α≤1,
A≥0,
θ∈{0,1},
PLED＝αPTotal,
PR＝(1-α)PTotalequation 16;
wherein, PTotalSystem of representationsThe total power available for the system is a fixed constant, alpha represents the power distribution factor, alphaPTotalFor the allocation of the LED AP as its transmission power, (1-. alpha.) P remainsTotalTo allocate to relays for receiving and forwarding information, EthIs the lowest power required by each EHU.
10. The method of claim 9,
solving the constructed optimization problem by jointly optimizing an access mode selection factor, a direct current offset, a peak amplitude and a power distribution ratio specifically comprises:
according to the value of theta, the problem P is converted into the following two conditions to be solved respectively:
the first condition is as follows: θ ═ 1 denotes selection of VLC-RF mode, and P is converted to P1:
P1:
Figure FDA0003137636800000061
s.t.Ei≥Eth,i＝1,...,N,
0<α≤1,
PLED＝αPTotal,
PR＝(1-α)PTotal,
Figure FDA0003137636800000062
A≤IHformula 17;
wherein, B★An optimal dc offset for problem P;
through a series of mathematical transformations, the solution of P1 is converted into the following solution process:
step 1, initialization
Figure FDA0003137636800000063
Step 2, setting n to be 1;
step 3, solving a problem P1-F by using a standard convex optimization solver according to a formula 18 to obtain { alpha [ + ]★,t★,X★,Y★}：
P1-F:
Figure FDA0003137636800000064
Figure FDA0003137636800000065
0<α≤1,
t≥0,
Figure FDA0003137636800000066
Figure FDA0003137636800000067
0≤X≤αIH-Y,
Figure FDA0003137636800000068
Step 4, updating
Figure FDA0003137636800000069
Step 5, if the iteration stop condition is not met, returning to the step 3; if the iteration stopping condition is met, the solution is finished, and the optimal solution { alpha ] is returned★,t★,X★,Y★}；
The optimal solution according to P1 is { alpha }opt-P1,Aopt-P1,Bopt-P1}，αopt-P1＝α★,
Figure FDA0003137636800000071
Calculating the maximum achievable rate R in VLC-RF modeVLC-RF(★)；
Case two: θ ═ 0 indicates that VLC-ONLY mode was selected, P translates to P2:
P2:
Figure FDA0003137636800000072
s.t.PLED＝PTotal,
Ei≥Eth,i＝1,...,N,
Figure FDA0003137636800000073
A≤IHformula 19;
wherein, B★An optimal dc offset for problem P;
through a series of mathematical transformations, it is calculated according to equations 20 and 21:
Figure FDA0003137636800000074
A★＝IH-B★formula 21;
the maximum achievable rate in VLC-ONLY mode is calculated according to equation 22:
Figure FDA0003137636800000075
obtaining the optimal parameters according to the solution result, and maximizing the obtainable information rate on the IU specifically includes:
if R isVLC-ONLY(★)≤RVLC-RF(★)The optimal solution for P is { theta }opt,αopt,Aopt,Bopt}，θopt＝1,αopt＝α★,
Figure FDA0003137636800000076
If R isVLC-ONLY(★)>RVLC-RF(★)The optimal solution for P is { theta }opt,αopt,Aopt,Bopt}，θopt＝0,αopt＝1,Aopt＝A★,Bopt＝B★。
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