CN113506891A - Modularized solid oxide fuel cell system - Google Patents
Modularized solid oxide fuel cell system Download PDFInfo
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- CN113506891A CN113506891A CN202110904142.0A CN202110904142A CN113506891A CN 113506891 A CN113506891 A CN 113506891A CN 202110904142 A CN202110904142 A CN 202110904142A CN 113506891 A CN113506891 A CN 113506891A
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
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- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
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- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
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- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010763 heavy fuel oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002001 electrolyte material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- AHKZTVQIVOEVFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxide(2-) Chemical compound [O-2] AHKZTVQIVOEVFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/241—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes
- H01M8/2425—High-temperature cells with solid electrolytes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04014—Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
- H01M8/04022—Heating by combustion
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04037—Electrical heating
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04052—Storage of heat in the fuel cell system
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04067—Heat exchange or temperature measuring elements, thermal insulation, e.g. heat pipes, heat pumps, fins
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04225—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during start-up
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04268—Heating of fuel cells during the start-up of the fuel cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
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- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a modular solid oxide fuel cell system. The device comprises a gas supply module, a waste heat recovery module, a galvanic pile module, a tail gas combustion module, a heat pipe module, an energy storage module, a temperature detection and control module, a load module, a gas supply module, a waste heat recovery module and a galvanic pile module which are sequentially connected, wherein the output end of the galvanic pile module is connected with the tail gas combustion module, the heat pipe module is respectively connected with a heat storage module and the galvanic pile module, an energy storage module is connected with the galvanic pile module, the output end of the heat pipe module is connected with the waste heat recovery module, and the waste heat recovery module exchanges heat with gas supplied by the gas supply module through a heat exchanger. The load module is responsible for tracking external load changes and transmitting a load signal to the control module. According to the invention, the energy storage system is used for storing redundant heat, so that the temperature nonuniformity inside the galvanic pile is reduced, and the service life of the SOFC is prolonged. Load tracking in the load module, a galvanic pile sub-module and a lithium ion battery are utilized to carry out load quick response, and the stability and reliability of the galvanic pile are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cell systems, in particular to a modularized solid oxide fuel cell system.
Background
A solid oxide fuel cell (solid oxide fuel cell) generates electric power at a relatively high temperature by using an oxide ion conductor as an electrolyte, preparing electrodes on both sides thereof, supplying a fuel gas on an anode side, and supplying an oxidant (air, oxygen, or the like) on the other cathode side. In the SOFC, oxygen ions react with fuel via a solid electrolyte having ionic conductivity to generate water vapor or carbon dioxide, while generating electric energy and heat energy.
Compared with a lithium battery, the SOFC has the advantages of high energy density and long endurance time, and has a unique application prospect in the field of mobile portable power supplies such as field charging, remote power supplies and auxiliary power supplies. Compared with other types of fuel cells, the solid oxide fuel cell has strong adaptability, and hydrocarbon fuel and even ammonia gas can be used as fuel; in addition, since the electrode electrolyte material is a ceramic material and the low dependence on a catalyst at high temperature can significantly reduce the cost of a fuel cell, research on a portable SOFC system has been conducted in recent years.
Compared with a fixed power generation system, the load of the mobile SOFC system changes more frequently and needs to be started, stopped and changed frequently, so that various operating conditions need to change frequently and dynamically, and the performance and the service life of the SOFC system are obviously influenced. In particular, mobile SOFC systems, including but not limited to vehicular, marine or portable applications, suffer from the following problems: the solid oxide fuel cell needs to generate power at a high temperature of 600 ℃ to 800 ℃, the self-heating reaches the operating temperature, for a mobile portable system below 1000W, the temperature of a cell stack needs to be quickly increased to above 600 ℃, the requirement of the cell operation is met, at present, the tail gas of the system is ignited and combusted to heat the cell stack aiming at the process, but the method is that the temperature gradient of the cell stack is large, the electrolyte membrane is easy to damage, the service life of the fuel cell is easy to decay, the time required for heating to 600 ℃ needs 60min, and the starting time is too long. Meanwhile, compared with a fixed power generation system, the load of the portable SOFC system changes more frequently and needs to be started, stopped and changed frequently, so that various operating conditions need to change frequently and dynamically, and the performance and the service life of the SOFC system are obviously influenced.
It can be seen that the problems of poor impact resistance, performance degradation at higher temperature gradients, and life degradation over long periods of operation of current SOFCs are at issue.
Disclosure of Invention
In accordance with the technical problem set forth above, a modular solid oxide fuel cell system is provided. The technical means adopted by the invention are as follows:
a modularized solid oxide fuel cell system comprises an air supply module, a waste heat recovery module, an electric pile module, a tail gas combustion module, a heat pipe module, an energy storage module, a load module and a temperature detection and control module, wherein the air supply module, the waste heat recovery module and the electric pile module are sequentially connected, the output end of the electric pile module is connected with the tail gas combustion module, one end of the heat pipe module is connected with a heat storage module, the other end of the heat pipe module is connected with the electric pile module, the energy storage module is connected with the electric pile module, the output end of the heat pipe module is connected with the waste heat recovery module, the waste heat recovery module exchanges heat with air supply of the air supply module through a heat exchanger, and the load module is used for load tracking and load response adjustment;
the air supply module is used for regulating and controlling the flow of fuel and air, the electric pile module comprises a main electric pile module and an electric pile sub-module which are connected in parallel, the tail gas combustion module is used for regulating the temperature distribution and the heat recovery of the electric pile through the heat pipe module to the residual fuel in the tail gas of the electric pile module, the waste heat recovery module is used for improving the air supply temperature of the air supply module, and the energy storage system is used for storing energy.
Further, the gas supply module comprises a fuel tank, an air pump and a valve, and the opening degree of the fuel flow valve and the power of the air pump are adjusted through a feedback signal of the control system, so that the flow of fuel and air is regulated.
Furthermore, the cell stack submodule is composed of a solid oxide fuel cell stack and comprises a tubular structure, a sleeved tubular structure and a flat tubular structure, and is used for quick hot start and cold start of the cell stack and bearing temperature gradient fluctuation, performance attenuation and variable load working conditions when the main module is started.
The temperature detection module is respectively connected with the main module and the sub-module of the cell stack and converts the temperature signals of the cell stack into electric signals to be transmitted to the control system.
Further, the energy storage system comprises thermal energy storage and electrochemical energy storage, and the thermal energy storage is completed through a phase-change heat storage material or a heat storage alloy; electrochemical energy storage utilizes a lithium ion battery for energy storage.
Further, when the electric load of the external load is above the average load, the lithium ion battery of the energy storage module is used for carrying out quick response to quickly track the load; and the control system is adjusted according to different working conditions after comparing the external load tracking with the power in the system. The main data are: 1. the temperature of the stack; 2. the main and sub power of the electric pile; 3. air inflow of the main and sub-modules of the electric pile; 4. the power level of the external load; the control system adjusts the air inlet flow of the fuel cell submodule to enable the output power of the cell stack submodule to be equal to the difference between the external load and the average load, and the electric quantity of the cell stack submodule in the process is completely or partially used for charging the lithium ion battery; when the power of the cell stack submodule reaches a preset value, the lithium ion battery is completely disconnected from power supply, and the cell stack main module and the cell stack submodule supply power to an external circuit together;
when the external load is lower than the average load and is larger, the generated energy of the battery stack submodule is disconnected with an external circuit, the output electric quantity of the battery stack submodule is charged for the lithium ion battery, then the air input of the battery stack submodule is reduced to adjust the power output of the battery stack submodule, and the lithium ion battery is used as the electric energy storage of peak shaving.
Further, when the interval between the next starting time and the current time of the galvanic pile is lower than the preset time, the galvanic pile adopts a hot starting mode to start rapidly,
for the hot start mode, when the electric pile module stops working and the system is ready to be closed, the air inlet system of the main module of the battery pile reduces the flow rate by reducing the opening of the valve, so that the electrochemical consumption reaction of fuel of the main module of the battery pile is gradually reduced, the flow rate of the sub-module is kept stable, and after the flow rate of the main module of the battery pile is stopped, the temperature signal of the electric pile is transmitted to the control module through the temperature monitoring module;
when the heat is started, the heat stored in the heat storage module is exchanged with the air output by the air supply module and the fuel through the heat pipe module, the lithium ion battery converts electric energy into heat energy through a heating wire connected with the lithium ion battery, the main module of the cell stack is heated, the energy storage module does not store heat at the moment, the heat pipe module transfers the waste heat of the sub-module of the cell stack to the main module of the cell stack, after the main module of the cell stack is preheated, the air supply module starts to supply air, the starting is completed, and the system starts to supply power.
Further, when the interval between the next starting time and the current time of the galvanic pile is higher than the preset time, the galvanic pile adopts a cold starting mode to start quickly,
in a cold start mode, when the electric pile module stops working and the system is ready to be closed, the main battery pile module and the sub battery pile module gradually reduce the electrochemical reaction rate by adjusting the opening of the valve, at the moment, the electric pile module is disconnected with an external load, the generated energy of the electric pile module is completely used for charging the lithium ion battery, the waste heat of the electric pile module is recycled by the energy storage module, finally, the air inflow of the main battery pile module and the sub battery pile module is zero, the electric pile does not need to be fed with air, when the electric pile is started next time, the heat of the energy storage module and inlet air exchange heat to heat the temperature of the sub battery pile module, the lithium ion battery of the energy storage system heats the sub battery pile module through a heating element, the temperature monitoring system transmits a temperature signal to the control module, when the sub battery pile module reaches the start temperature, the air inlet valve is opened, the sub battery pile module starts electrochemical reaction, and at the moment, the lithium ion battery starts to heat the main battery pile module, the heat of the tail gas combustion module is used for preheating inlet gas, the heat storage system is not started, the heat of the cell stack submodule is transferred to the cell stack main module through the heat pipe, the temperature monitoring system transfers the temperature signal of the cell stack main module to the control module, when the temperature of the cell stack main module reaches the starting temperature, a gas valve of the cell stack main module is opened, the cell stack main module starts electrochemical reaction, and starting is completed.
The invention has the following advantages:
1. the heat storage device in the energy storage system, namely the phase change heat storage system or the heat storage alloy is used for storing redundant heat, so that the temperature nonuniformity in the galvanic pile is reduced, and the service life of the SOFC is prolonged.
2. The invention can be started quickly and tracked by load no matter in cold start or hot start.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a system diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the embodiment of the invention discloses a modularized solid oxide fuel cell system, which comprises an air supply module, a waste heat recovery module, a pile module, a tail gas combustion module, a heat pipe module, an energy storage module, a load module, and a temperature detection and control module, wherein the air supply module, the waste heat recovery module, and the pile module are sequentially connected, the output end of the pile module is connected with the tail gas combustion module, one end of the heat pipe module is connected with the heat storage module, the other end of the heat pipe module is connected with the pile module, the energy storage module is connected with the pile module, the output end of the heat pipe module is connected with the waste heat recovery module, the waste heat recovery module exchanges heat with air supply of the air supply module through a heat exchanger, and the load module is used for load tracking and load response adjustment;
the air supply module is used for regulating and controlling the flow of fuel and air in the fuel pipe. The electric pile module is the most important energy conversion device of the whole system and is a place where electrochemical reaction occurs, and comprises a main battery pile module and a sub battery pile module, wherein the main battery pile module and the sub battery pile module are connected with a gas circuit and an electric circuit in parallel. Since the fuel utilization is generally controlled to 80-90% in order to avoid the fuel side anode from being oxidized, the temperature distribution and heat recovery of the stack are adjusted by the heat pipe module in order to utilize the fuel remaining in the tail gas by the burner in the tail gas burning module to the fuel remaining in the tail gas of the stack module. The burner is capable of combusting exhaust gas from the stack module, and heat released by combustion of the burner is heat exchanged with inlet air and fuel by the heat exchanger. In order to improve the electrochemical reaction rate of the stack module, the waste heat recovery module exchanges heat between air and fuel inlet air and gas of the tail gas combustion module through the heat exchanger, so that the inlet air temperature is improved, waste heat is recovered, the energy utilization rate of the whole system is improved, and the energy storage system is used for storing energy.
The control module is used for power distribution and load tracking of the whole system, and quick response and strategy adjustment are carried out on system load change.
Specifically, the gas supply module comprises a fuel tank, an air pump and a valve, wherein fuel is decompressed through a decompression valve, and is subjected to primary heat exchange with tail gas from a combustor after being decompressed, and then is subjected to secondary preheating with a heat pipe coupled with the phase-change heat storage system, and after an air filter screen is cleaned, the fuel enters the system through the air pump, is subjected to primary heat exchange with the tail gas from the combustor, and is then subjected to secondary preheating with the heat pipe coupled with the phase-change heat storage system. The opening degree of the fuel flow valve and the power of the air pump are adjusted through a feedback signal of the control system, and then the flow of the fuel and the air are regulated and controlled.
The main module of the cell stack is used for bearing stable load and has stable working flow. The cell stack submodule is composed of a solid oxide fuel cell stack with a structure with strong oxidation resistance, and comprises a tubular structure, a sleeved tubular structure and a flat tubular structure, and is used for quick hot start and cold start of the cell stack, and is used for bearing temperature gradient fluctuation, performance attenuation and variable load working conditions when the main module is started, and the service life of the system is prolonged. The air is subjected to heat exchange and is connected with the air passages of the main module and the sub-modules of the fuel cell stack in parallel, and the flow distribution is adjusted by a flow adjusting valve through a signal of the control module. The circuits of the main module and the sub-module of the cell stack are also connected in parallel, the generated energy of the main module and the sub-module of the cell stack are respectively supplied, so that the lithium battery can be charged, the external load can also be directly supplied, and the supply direction of the electric quantity is controlled by the control module.
When the SOFC operates, the temperature distribution in the cell stack is uneven, the temperature gradient generated in the load change process can cause the SOFC ceramic part to generate thermal stress, the ceramic material is broken or bent, further the failure is caused, meanwhile, the sealing failure and other problems can be caused by the overhigh operation temperature, and therefore, the maintenance of the constant temperature of the SOFC cell stack is a crucial link of a control system. For this purpose, the system also comprises a temperature detection module, wherein the temperature detection module can select a thermocouple, is respectively connected with the cell stack main module and the cell stack sub-module, and converts the cell stack temperature signal into an electric signal to be transmitted to the control system.
The energy storage system comprises heat energy storage and electrochemical energy storage, and the heat energy storage is completed through a phase-change heat storage material or a heat storage alloy; electrochemical energy storage utilizes a lithium ion battery for energy storage.
When the electric load of the external load is above the average load, the lithium ion battery of the energy storage module is used for carrying out quick response to quickly track the load; and the control system is adjusted according to different working conditions after comparing the external load tracking with the power in the system. The main data are: 1. the temperature of the stack; 2. the main and sub power of the electric pile; 3. air inflow of the main and sub-modules of the electric pile; 4. the power level of the external load; the control system adjusts the air inlet flow of the fuel cell submodule to enable the output power of the cell stack submodule to be equal to the difference between the external load and the average load, and the electric quantity of the cell stack submodule in the process is completely or partially used for charging the lithium ion battery; when the power of the cell stack submodule reaches a preset value, the lithium ion battery is completely disconnected from power supply, and the cell stack main module and the cell stack submodule supply power to an external circuit together;
when the external load is lower than the average load and is larger, the generated energy of the battery stack submodule is disconnected with an external circuit, the output electric quantity of the battery stack submodule is charged for the lithium ion battery, then the air input of the battery stack submodule is reduced to adjust the power output of the battery stack submodule, and the lithium ion battery is used as the electric energy storage of peak shaving.
When the time interval between the next starting time and the current time of the galvanic pile is less than the preset time, the galvanic pile adopts a hot starting mode to start rapidly,
for the hot start mode, when the electric pile module stops working and the system is ready to be closed, the air inlet system of the main module of the electric pile reduces the flow rate by reducing the opening of the valve, so that the electrochemical consumption reaction of fuel of the main module of the electric pile is gradually reduced, the flow rate of the sub-module of the electric pile is kept stable, after the flow rate of the main module of the electric pile is stopped, the temperature signal of the electric pile is transmitted to the control module through the temperature monitoring module, in the process, all electric energy output by the electric pile is used for charging the lithium ion battery, the discharged waste heat is stored through the energy storage module, and the control system adjusts the air inlet flow rate of the sub-module according to the fed-back temperature signal so as to keep the electric pile at a higher temperature;
when the heat is started, the heat stored in the heat storage module is exchanged with the air output by the air supply module and the fuel through the heat pipe module, the lithium ion battery converts electric energy into heat energy through a heating wire connected with the lithium ion battery, the main module of the cell stack is heated, the energy storage module does not store heat at the moment, the heat pipe module transfers the waste heat of the sub-module of the cell stack to the main module of the cell stack, after the main module of the cell stack is preheated, the air supply module starts to supply air, the starting is completed, and the system starts to supply power.
And when the next starting time of the galvanic pile is separated from the current time by more than the preset time, the galvanic pile is quickly started by adopting a cold starting mode.
In a cold start mode, when the electric pile module stops working and the system is ready to be closed, the main battery pile module and the sub battery pile module gradually reduce the electrochemical reaction rate by adjusting the opening of the valve, at the moment, the electric pile module is disconnected with an external load, the generated energy of the electric pile module is completely used for charging the lithium ion battery, the waste heat of the electric pile module is recycled by the energy storage module, finally, the air inflow of the main battery pile module and the sub battery pile module is zero, the electric pile does not need to be fed with air, when the electric pile is started next time, the heat of the energy storage module and inlet air exchange heat to heat the temperature of the sub battery pile module, the lithium ion battery of the energy storage system heats the sub battery pile module through a heating element, the temperature monitoring system transmits a temperature signal to the control module, when the sub battery pile module reaches the start temperature, the air inlet valve is opened, the sub battery pile module starts electrochemical reaction, and at the moment, the lithium ion battery starts to heat the main battery pile module, the heat of the tail gas combustion module is used for preheating inlet gas, the heat storage system is not started, the heat of the cell stack submodule is transferred to the cell stack main module through the heat pipe, the temperature monitoring system transfers the temperature signal of the cell stack main module to the control module, when the temperature of the cell stack main module reaches the starting temperature, a gas valve of the cell stack main module is opened, the cell stack main module starts electrochemical reaction, and starting is completed.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A modularized solid oxide fuel cell system is characterized by comprising an air supply module, a waste heat recovery module, a galvanic pile module, a tail gas combustion module, a heat pipe module, an energy storage module, a load module and a temperature detection and control module, wherein the air supply module, the waste heat recovery module and the galvanic pile module are sequentially connected, the output end of the galvanic pile module is connected with the tail gas combustion module, one end of the heat pipe module is connected with the heat storage module, the other end of the heat pipe module is connected with the galvanic pile module, the energy storage module is connected with the galvanic pile module, the output end of the heat pipe module is connected with the waste heat recovery module, the waste heat recovery module exchanges heat with air supply of the air supply module through a heat exchanger, and the load module is used for load tracking and load response adjustment;
the air supply module is used for regulating and controlling the flow of fuel and air, the electric pile module comprises a main electric pile module and an electric pile sub-module which are connected in parallel, the tail gas combustion module is used for regulating the temperature distribution and the heat recovery of the electric pile through the heat pipe module to the residual fuel in the tail gas of the electric pile module, the waste heat recovery module is used for improving the air supply temperature of the air supply module, and the energy storage system is used for storing energy.
2. The modular solid oxide fuel cell system of claim 1, wherein the gas supply module comprises a fuel tank, an air pump and a valve, and the opening of the fuel flow valve and the power of the air pump are adjusted by a feedback signal of the control system, so as to regulate the flow of fuel and air.
3. A modular solid oxide fuel cell system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the stack sub-modules are comprised of solid oxide fuel cell stacks, including tubular, nested tubular, flat tubular configurations, for rapid hot and cold start of the stack, to absorb temperature gradient fluctuations and performance degradation and variable load conditions at start-up of the main module.
4. The modular solid oxide fuel cell system of claim 1, further comprising a temperature sensing module, wherein the temperature sensing module is connected to the stack main module and the stack sub-module, respectively, for converting the stack temperature signal into an electrical signal for transmission to the control system.
5. The modular solid oxide fuel cell system of claim 1, wherein the energy storage system comprises thermal energy storage and electrochemical energy storage, the thermal energy storage being accomplished by phase change heat storage materials or heat storage alloys; electrochemical energy storage utilizes a lithium ion battery for energy storage.
6. The modular solid oxide fuel cell system of any of claims 1 to 5, wherein when the electrical load of the external load is above the average load, the load is quickly tracked by the fast response of the lithium ion battery of the energy storage module; the control system adjusts the air inlet flow of the fuel cell submodule to enable the output power of the cell stack submodule to be equal to the difference between the external load and the average load, and the electric quantity of the cell stack submodule in the process is completely or partially used for charging the lithium ion battery; when the power of the cell stack submodule reaches a preset value, the lithium ion battery is completely disconnected from power supply, and the cell stack main module and the cell stack submodule supply power to an external circuit together;
when the external load is lower than the average load and is larger, the generated energy of the battery stack submodule is disconnected with an external circuit, the output electric quantity of the battery stack submodule is charged for the lithium ion battery, then the air input of the battery stack submodule is reduced to adjust the power output of the battery stack submodule, and the lithium ion battery is used as the electric energy storage of peak shaving.
7. The modular solid oxide fuel cell system of any of claims 1 to 5, wherein when the next start-up time of the stack is separated from the present time by less than a preset time, the stack is rapidly started up in a hot start mode,
for the hot start mode, when the electric pile module stops working and the system is ready to be closed, the air inlet system of the main module of the battery pile reduces the flow rate by reducing the opening of the valve, so that the electrochemical consumption reaction of fuel of the main module of the battery pile is gradually reduced, the flow rate of the sub-module is kept stable, and after the flow rate of the main module of the battery pile is stopped, the temperature signal of the electric pile is transmitted to the control module through the temperature monitoring module;
when the heat is started, the heat stored in the heat storage module is exchanged with the air output by the air supply module and the fuel through the heat pipe module, the lithium ion battery converts electric energy into heat energy through a heating wire connected with the lithium ion battery, the main module of the cell stack is heated, the energy storage module does not store heat at the moment, the heat pipe module transfers the waste heat of the sub-module of the cell stack to the main module of the cell stack, after the main module of the cell stack is preheated, the air supply module starts to supply air, the starting is completed, and the system starts to supply power.
8. The modular solid oxide fuel cell system of any of claims 1 to 5, wherein when the next start-up time of the stack is separated from the present time by more than a predetermined time, the stack is rapidly started up in a cold start-up mode,
in a cold start mode, when the electric pile module stops working and the system is ready to be closed, the main battery pile module and the sub battery pile module gradually reduce the electrochemical reaction rate by adjusting the opening of the valve, at the moment, the electric pile module is disconnected with an external load, the generated energy of the electric pile module is completely used for charging the lithium ion battery, the waste heat of the electric pile module is recycled by the energy storage module, finally, the air inflow of the main battery pile module and the sub battery pile module is zero, the electric pile does not need to be fed with air, when the electric pile is started next time, the heat of the energy storage module and inlet air exchange heat to heat the temperature of the sub battery pile module, the lithium ion battery of the energy storage system heats the sub battery pile module through a heating element, the temperature monitoring system transmits a temperature signal to the control module, when the sub battery pile module reaches the start temperature, the air inlet valve is opened, the sub battery pile module starts electrochemical reaction, and at the moment, the lithium ion battery starts to heat the main battery pile module, the heat of the tail gas combustion module is used for preheating inlet gas, the heat storage system is not started, the heat of the cell stack submodule is transferred to the cell stack main module through the heat pipe, the temperature monitoring system transfers the temperature signal of the cell stack main module to the control module, when the temperature of the cell stack main module reaches the starting temperature, a gas valve of the cell stack main module is opened, the cell stack main module starts electrochemical reaction, and starting is completed.
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