CN113505557A - Energy management method suitable for microwave rectenna array - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses an energy management method suitable for a microwave rectenna array, and belongs to the technical field of telecommunication. The invention aims at optimizing the receiving end of the system and improving the energy utilization efficiency of the receiving end. Firstly, obtaining the energy distribution condition of a system receiving end through experiments, carrying out model establishment on the energy distribution of the receiving end according to the energy distribution condition and carrying out data processing on the energy distribution of the receiving end; secondly, the characteristics of the microwave rectification circuit obtained through experiments are researched, the electrical external characteristics of the rectification circuit are summarized, and the optimized working conditions of the microwave rectification circuit are provided; finally, based on the above proposed receiving end energy distribution model and the external characteristics of the rectifying circuit, the invention proposes an energy management strategy of the receiving end rectifying antenna array: in order to achieve the optimal working condition of the rectifying circuit, the optimal electrical connection is obtained through the proposed algorithm, so that the energy of the rectifying end is optimally utilized, and the requirement of the receiving end of the microwave wireless energy transmission system can be well met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention discloses an energy management method suitable for a microwave rectenna array, and belongs to the technical field of telecommunication.
Background
The wireless energy transmission technology is a novel energy transmission mode which realizes accurate transmission of energy in a three-dimensional environment without direct electrical contact through energy carriers in other forms except electric energy, has the characteristics of adjustable transmission distance, trackable moving targets and the like, has wide application prospect in the fields of weaponry, consumer electronics, biomedical science and the like, and has important strategic significance. Microwave wireless energy Transmission (MPT) is a form of wireless energy Transmission technology, transmits electric energy in a free space through electromagnetic waves, and has a very considerable application prospect in the aspect of supplying Power to long-distance multi-target Power such as Power supplies of high-altitude aircrafts such as stratospheric airships, unmanned planes and micro robots. Because microwave electric energy is transmitted in a free space in a wireless mode, transmission loss is small, and only natural losses such as atmosphere and the like affect transmission efficiency, the microwave technology is one of research hotspots at home and abroad at present and has wide development prospects in the aspects of military, aerospace and the like.
The microwave energy transmission system is composed of a microwave transmitting end and a microwave receiving end. The microwave receiving rectifying end is an important component of a microwave wireless power transmission system, fig. 1(a) shows a general structure of the microwave receiving rectifying end, microwave energy transmitted from a long distance is received by a rectifying antenna array, and the rectifying circuit converts the microwave energy received by an antenna into direct current power for a load. The conversion efficiency of the rectifying circuit has direct influence on the overall conversion efficiency of the system; on the other hand, the rectifying antennas are mostly in an array form, and the power received by the plurality of rectifying antennas is different due to different positions of the rectifying antennas, so that the output of each rectifying circuit is different. Therefore, the external characteristics of the microwave rectification circuit are studied, and the rectification circuits are combined, so that the output power of the rectification end is increased, the efficiency is improved, and the number of the post-stage converters is reduced. Therefore, the invention aims to provide an optimized series-parallel connection mode of the rectifying circuits to realize energy integration at the receiving end of the microwave energy transmission system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the background technology and provide an energy management method suitable for a microwave rectifier antenna array, which analyzes the external characteristics of a microwave rectifier circuit by establishing an energy distribution model of a receiving end of a microwave wireless energy transmission system and designs a quick and simple sequencing algorithm on the basis of the energy distribution model and the external characteristics of the microwave rectifier circuit to find out the optimal electrical layout, namely a series-parallel combination mode of the microwave rectifier array.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme for solving the technical problems:
a modeling analysis and management method for microwave wireless energy transmission system receiving end energy distribution comprises the following steps:
(1) modeling energy distribution of a receiving end:
the position information of the receiving antenna is determined in a coordinate mode, each rectifying antenna in the rectifying array is simplified into a point, the coordinates of the point are described by (x, y), the beam center is made to be the origin of coordinates (0,0), and the transverse and longitudinal distances from each rectifying antenna to the adjacent antenna point are all 1. Fitting the energy distribution of the receiving end by the following relation:
wherein G isx,yIs the microwave power received by the rectenna at (x, y); g0,0Is the microwave power at the center of the beam; r is the ratio of the half-power beam radius of the transmitting beam of the receiving antenna to the antenna size, and represents the per-unit half-power beam radius after the antenna size is set to 1; dx,yIs the distance (x, y) from the beam center.
Therefore, the energy distribution condition of the receiving end of the whole system can be analyzed through the model.
(2) The direct current electrical characteristics of the microwave rectification circuit are refined, the microwave rectification circuit is equivalent to a voltage source, namely equivalent to an ideal voltage source and voltage source internal resistance series connection structure, based on the analysis, the microwave rectification circuit can be equivalent to an equivalent circuit formed by connecting a plurality of series branch circuits in series after being connected in series, and further equivalent to a circuit formed by connecting a plurality of voltage sources and a plurality of internal resistances in series, the voltage of the voltage source after being equivalent is equal to the sum of the output voltages of all series branch circuit voltage sources, and the resistance value after being equivalent is the sum of the internal resistances.
(3) Based on the energy distribution of the receiving end and the direct-current electrical characteristics of the microwave rectifying circuits, series-parallel equivalent circuits of all the rectifying circuits are obtained, the optimal series-parallel structure of the microwave rectifying array is found, and flexible power supply can be achieved according to load requirements; because the energy received by each antenna of different branches in series is different, the voltages at two ends of the branches obtained after series connection are also greatly different, the direct parallel operation can cause the inside of the power supply to generate large current impact, and great loss is caused. The diodes are added on the serial branch, so that on one hand, the backflow phenomenon among power supplies is effectively avoided; on the other hand, the number of the load branches can be automatically adjusted according to the load size, namely, only the branch with the largest output voltage is conducted to supply power when the load current is lower, the voltage division of the load current on the internal resistance of the conducting branch is increased along with the increase of the load current, the output voltage is reduced, when the load is increased to the point that the output voltage of the conducting branch is reduced to the open-circuit voltage of the sub-high output voltage, the sub-high output voltage diode is conducted, the two branches output energy together, and similarly, when the load is further increased and the output voltage of the parallel branch is further reduced, a new series branch is conducted, so that the purpose of automatically adapting to the load is realized.
(4) An optimization algorithm is provided for rapidly and effectively achieving the optimal series-parallel connection electrical structure of the rectifier array.
The algorithm comprises the following specific steps:
1) the input power of the rectifier array, namely the output voltage value of each path of microwave rectifier circuit;
2) inputting the number m of parameters and the number n of groups to be divided;
the specific implementation steps of the algorithm are as follows:
1) randomly grouping input power parameters of the input rectifier array, namely dividing m parameters into n groups;
2) calculating the average voltage value of each antenna of the rectifier array;
3) calculating the difference between the series voltage value of each group and the average value m/n times of the group, and recording as wk,i，
For the kth group of series voltage ideal values
And the actual value
Difference of (V)k,iThe output voltage of the ith series voltage source of the kth group,
Pin_k,iis the ith input power in the kth group of parameters, mu is the parameter related to the internal resistance of the voltage source and the microwave rectifying circuit,
the average value of the voltage of each antenna of the rectifying array,
4) and calculating an objective function: i.e. n ways of wk,iThe sum of the absolute values of the sum of the absolute values,
the algorithm aims at finding the minimum value of the target function, so that the optimal serial-parallel combination rule is found by continuously exchanging queue data and continuously iteratively finding the minimum value of the target function.
By adopting the technical scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the performance advantage is as follows: compared with the traditional microwave rectification method, the invention combines a plurality of antenna arrays at the receiving end, and is beneficial to high-power load high efficiency of the receiving endAnd (4) realizing the rate. The invention places the rectifier array in the coordinate system, and brings the coordinates into the calculation model, namely Gx,y. The radio frequency power obtained by the receiving antenna can be obtained through simulation, so that grouping can be performed according to different obtained powers, and a theoretical basis is provided for searching an optimal series-parallel combination method of the rectifier array.
(2) The cost advantage is as follows: compared with the traditional rectifying antenna array which can ensure that different antennas can supply power to one load by connecting a DC-DC converter behind each rectifying circuit, the invention greatly reduces the number of post-stage converters, greatly reduces the circuit structure and complexity of a receiving end, and reduces the system cost due to the greatly reduced number of converters.
(3) Modularization and easy integration: the scheme provided by the invention is beneficial to modularization realization, the development of hardware circuits, chips and the like which are specifically realized in the communication field is mature, and the subsequent chip design is easy to realize.
Drawings
Fig. 1(a) is a structural block diagram of a conventional microwave receiving rectifying end, and fig. 1(b) is a structural block diagram of a microwave receiving rectifying end according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a graph of the respective rectennas of the receiving-end microwave rectenna array.
Fig. 3 is a graph of the energy distribution at the receiver end of the 3 x 3 array.
Fig. 4 is an external characteristic curve of the rectifier circuit.
Fig. 5 is a voltage source equivalent model and its external characteristic curve.
FIG. 6 is a series-parallel equivalent schematic diagram of a microwave rectification circuit.
Fig. 7 is a diagram of a parallel circuit configuration and its circuit operation under different load conditions.
Fig. 8 is a diagram of an optimal series-parallel grouping algorithm.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a modeling analysis and management strategy for energy distribution at a receiving end of a microwave wireless energy transmission system, and in order to make the purpose, technical scheme and effect of the invention clearer and clearer, the invention is further described in detail with reference to the attached drawings.
1. Receiving end energy distribution model
As shown in fig. 1(b), the microwave rectifying receiving end is composed of a rectifying antenna array and a microwave rectifying circuit, wherein the rectifying antenna array includes a plurality of identical rectifying antennas to form an n × n array layout. Because the position of each antenna relative to the transmitting end is different, the received power is different, but a certain regularity still exists after a large amount of experimental research. In a microwave wireless power transmission system, the received energy distribution is not uniform, but the characteristics of high middle and low sides are presented, so that the energy received by each antenna in the receiving antenna array is not uniform. Therefore, if the energy integration is needed in the later stage, the energy distribution received by different rectifying antennas is determined, and a mathematical model is provided to fit the energy data of the receiving end by summarizing experimental data, so that the energy integration processing in the later stage is facilitated. The specific implementation scheme is as follows: because the energy distribution of the receiving end presents the characteristics of high middle and low two sides, firstly, coordinates are established for the receiving antenna to determine the position of the receiving antenna, in order to highlight the position information of the receiving antenna, and the application is convenient, as shown in fig. 2, each rectifying antenna in the rectifying array is simplified into a point, the position information of the point is described by (x, y), the beam center is made to be the origin of coordinates, and the linear distance from one point (x, y) to the origin of the whole antenna can be calculated by assuming that the linear distance between the centers of two adjacent antennas is r
A two-dimensional coordinate system is established by taking the origin of the beam center from each point of the whole column of the rectifying antenna as the abscissa and the power received by each point on the antenna plane as the ordinate, so as to obtain the distribution rule of the bell-shaped curve shown in fig. 3. Due to the special shape of the microwave beam, the received power has certain symmetry, and the received power on a concentric circle which takes the origin as the center of a circle on the plane of the antenna is approximately the same, so that only one cross section needs to be analyzed. Combining the above analysis, the application provides a receiving end energy of microwave wireless energy transmission system by normalizing the power received by the rectifying antenna and observing its variation trendThe distribution model, based on the above conditions, the present invention proposes to fit the energy distribution with the following relationship:
wherein (x, y) are coordinate values of the rectenna, Gx,yIs the received microwave power of the rectenna at (x, y); g0,0Microwave power at the center of the beam, dx,yAs the distance of the antenna from the origin of the array, i.e.
Fig. 3 is a graph of the energy of the receiving end as a function of the distance from the center of the beam, obtained according to the above equation. The power value received by the microwave receiving antenna can be quickly obtained through the distribution model.
2. Direct current external characteristic of output end of microwave rectification circuit
In order to integrate the energies of different powers dispersed by the microwave rectification circuit for proper series-parallel operation, the dc external characteristics of the microwave rectification circuit are also studied. The external characteristic of the rectifier circuit is tested by adjusting the load of the rectifier circuit under the same power level, the obtained result is shown in figure 4, the external characteristic curve is observed, the external characteristic of the microwave rectifier circuit can be equivalent to a voltage source characteristic, an ideal voltage source model and the external characteristic curve are shown in figure 5(b), wherein the intersection point of the ideal voltage source model and the ordinate is no-load voltage USI.e. the voltage value of the voltage source, increases with the load current at the internal resistance R0The voltage of upper loss is increased, the load voltage is continuously reduced, and the intersection point of the load voltage and the cross shaft is short-circuit current IS. Therefore, the microwave rectification circuit is equivalent to a voltage source model of an ideal voltage source and a resistor connected in series as shown in fig. 5(a), wherein the voltage of the voltage source is related to the input power and can be expressed as Vo＝μ·PinWherein, mu is the parameter related to the voltage source internal resistance and the microwave rectification circuit, and the parameters of different circuits can be measured through experiments, that is, the absolute value of the slope of the volt-ampere characteristic curve of the microwave rectification circuit is the voltage source internal resistanceAnd (4) blocking. The energy received by each antenna is fitted through the receiving end energy distribution model established in the foregoing, so that the receiving end rectifying array can be equivalently treated as a voltage source.
3. Optimal series-parallel electrical structure of rectifier array
1) Microwave rectification circuit series equivalent condition analysis: as shown in fig. 6, each microwave rectification circuit can be equivalent to an ideal voltage source and a resistor connected in series, so that an equivalent voltage source obtained by adding n voltages and n resistors after connecting n microwave rectification circuits in series is obtained, and an equivalent voltage source model before connecting the microwave rectification arrays in series and an equivalent voltage source model after connecting the microwave rectification arrays in series are shown in fig. 6, wherein the voltage values of the voltage sources after connecting in series are:
the internal resistance after series connection can be equivalent to:
therefore, the rectification arrays can be equivalent after being connected in series. And connecting the rectifier array parts in series and then in parallel so as to integrate the energy of the receiving end.
2) Analyzing the connection mode of the parallel circuit: because the energy received by each antenna of different branches connected in series is different, the effect of complete equalization can not be achieved, and the voltage obtained after series connection is different, the parallel operation can not be directly carried out, otherwise, short circuit between power supplies can be caused. The present invention adopts a structure that diodes are added on different branches, as shown in fig. 7. The structure can automatically adapt to load change, namely, only the branch circuit with the maximum receiving power is conducted for power supply when the load current is lower, the output voltage is reduced due to the load effect of the voltage source along with the increase of the load current, when the load is increased and the output voltage is reduced to the open-circuit voltage of the next higher power circuit, as shown in figure 7, the diode of the branch circuit is conducted, and the two branch circuits jointly provide energy for the load. The receiving end can automatically adjust the number of the parallel branches according to the load requirement through the parallel connection mode, and the purpose of automatically adapting to the load requirement is achieved.
4. Optimal series-parallel structure implementation algorithm for rectifier array
In order to achieve the purpose of balancing as much as possible, the invention provides an algorithm to calculate the series combination mode which is most balanced, so as to achieve the purpose that the output voltages of all series groups are approximately equal, the flow is shown in fig. 8, the algorithm provides a mode of solving the minimum value of an objective function to solve the series-parallel connection mode, and the obtained result can accurately obtain the optimal solution. The input quantities of the algorithm are:
1) the input power of the rectifier array, namely the output voltage value of each path of microwave rectifier circuit;
2) inputting the number m of parameters and the number n of groups to be divided;
the specific implementation steps of the algorithm are as follows:
1) randomly grouping the input parameters, namely dividing m parameters into n groups;
2) calculating the average voltage value of each antenna of the rectifier array
3) Calculating the difference between the serial voltage value of each group and the mean value m/n times, and recording as wiNamely:
4) and calculating an objective function:
the algorithm aims at reducing the objective function value to the minimum value, so that the numerical value of the objective function under different conditions is searched by continuously exchanging queue data, if the objective function value is larger than the last objective function value, the exchange is abandoned, and if the objective function value is smaller than the last objective function value, the last queue value is replaced by the queue to serve as the optimal undetermined value of the solution. And continuously alternating a queue ordering mode to search an optimal solution, and taking a fixed iteration number as an algorithm iteration mode, thus finding the most balanced serial combination.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical idea of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, and any modifications made on the basis of the technical scheme according to the technical idea of the present invention fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. An energy management method suitable for a microwave rectenna array is characterized in that,
collecting input power of each microwave rectifying circuit, grouping the collected input power parameters, connecting microwave rectifying circuits corresponding to the input power parameters in each group in series, and connecting series branches corresponding to each group in parallel to obtain an initial series-parallel connection mode of a microwave receiving end rectifying array;
calculating the difference between the ideal value of each group of series voltage and the actual value of the series voltage and the sum of the absolute values of the difference of each group, recalculating the sum of the absolute values of the difference of each group after exchanging the input power parameters of each group, and determining the optimal series-parallel connection mode of the rectifier array of the microwave receiving end according to the grouping condition corresponding to the minimum sum of the absolute values of the difference of each group.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the input power of each microwave rectifying circuit is based on the energy distribution model of the receiving end
Determining, wherein (0,0) is the beam center coordinate, (x, y) is the coordinate of the rectenna, Gx,yIs a (x, y) position rectifying antenna connectionReceived microwave power, G0,0Is the microwave power at the center of the beam, r is the ratio of the half-power beam radius of the transmitting beam of the receiving antenna to the antenna size, dx,yIs the distance of the rectenna from the beam center at (x, y).
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the energy management method applied to the array of microwave rectennas is expressed in the following expression
Calculating each group of series voltage ideal values, wherein Vk,iThe output voltage of the ith series voltage source of the kth group,
Pin_k,iis the ith input power in the kth group of parameters, mu is the parameter related to the internal resistance of the voltage source and the microwave rectification circuit, m is the number of the acquired input power parameters, and n is the grouping number.
4. A method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the energy management method is according to the expression
Calculating each set of series voltage actual values, wherein,
the average value of the voltage of each antenna of the rectifying array,
5. the method of claim 4, wherein the energy management method applied to the array of microwave rectennas is expressed in the following expression
Calculating the sum of the absolute values of the sets of differences, wherein,
wk,ithe difference value between the ideal value of the kth group of series voltage and the actual value of the series voltage is obtained.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the microwave rectification circuits corresponding to the input power parameters in each group are connected in series to obtain a branch with an ideal voltage source and an internal resistance connected in series.
7. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein before connecting the series branches corresponding to each group in parallel, diodes for preventing the ideal voltage source of other branches from flowing back are connected in series on each series branch.
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| CN114171933A (en) * | 2021-11-29 | 2022-03-11 | 南京航空航天大学 | Microwave rectifier antenna array mode based on cross growth method |
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| CN114171933A (en) * | 2021-11-29 | 2022-03-11 | 南京航空航天大学 | Microwave rectifier antenna array mode based on cross growth method |
| CN114171933B (en) * | 2021-11-29 | 2023-10-27 | 南京航空航天大学 | Microwave rectification antenna array mode based on cross growth method |
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