CN113505503B - Motor magnetic-solid-heat multi-field coupling vibration analysis method based on marked points - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a motor magnetic-fixing thermal multi-field coupling vibration analysis method based on marking points, which adopts a marking technology to mark grid nodes of a motor structure field after grid division, wherein the formed marking points are not changed in the whole calculation, but the absolute positions of the marking points are updated according to the vibration and the movement of a motor structure; setting new positions of all marking points as grid nodes on a structural field during electromagnetic field and temperature field analysis, and adopting automatic subdivision and encryption of grids for an electromagnetic field and temperature field solving domain which is not coincident with a motor structural field so as to analyze electromagnetic field distribution and obtain electromagnetic force on all marking points; and finally, applying electromagnetic force on each marking point to the structural field model of the corresponding marking point to obtain vibration response of the motor, and performing loop iterative computation. The invention provides a node marking method and a rapid calculation method in a magnetic solid thermal multi-field coupling analysis method, which can calculate the vibration characteristic of a motor more accurately and efficiently.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of motor magnetic-solid-heat multi-field coupling analysis, and particularly relates to a motor magnetic-solid-heat multi-field coupling vibration analysis method based on a marked point.
Background
Motor vibration performance is an important criterion for measuring motor quality. Among them, electromagnetic vibration is one of the main causes of motor vibration. At present, the electromagnetic force of a motor is generally calculated without considering the coupling action among a motor structural field, an electromagnetic field and a temperature field, and the electromagnetic field of the motor is mostly analyzed under the conditions of given eccentric quantity and relative position of a rotor so as to obtain the electromagnetic force. This method is only suitable for the case where the movement of the rotor is always a synchronous circular track and the influence of the stator deformation is not considered. However, such an analysis means tends to cause a problem that the analysis of the vibration response characteristics of the motor is not accurate enough. Therefore, the analysis of the electromagnetic vibrations of the motor must be combined with the coupling analysis of its electromagnetic fields, structural fields and temperature fields.
The magnetic-solid thermal coupling method of the motor is divided into a magnetic-solid thermal weak coupling (sequential coupling analysis method) and a magnetic-solid thermal strong coupling analysis method, and the weak magnetic-solid thermal coupling method is commonly applied at present, and the method has small calculation amount but low calculation accuracy and only reflects unidirectional influence among an electromagnetic field, a temperature field and a structural field. Compared with the method, the method has higher calculation precision, and by cyclic iteration, the method considers the bidirectional influence among an electromagnetic field, a structural field and a temperature field, and can reflect the vibration characteristic of electromagnetic heat in the actual running process of the motor.
Vibration is the change of displacement of a point of view with time, and if grid automatic subdivision is adopted in vibration calculation of a motor structure, then each subdivision is difficult to ensure that the point of view is identical. In addition, the solving fields of the motor electromagnetic field and the temperature field are different from the solving fields of the motor structure vibration field, in the analysis process of the fields, the correspondence of grids in the solving fields is difficult to ensure, and particularly, automatic grid subdivision and grid encryption measures are adopted in the analysis of the motor air gap magnetic field and the temperature field, so that the electromagnetic force on each grid node on the surface of a motor stator and a motor rotor obtained by electromagnetic field analysis and the displacement deformation obtained by temperature field analysis are applied to the corresponding nodes of the motor structure, and complex data transmission is involved. The method adopts a node marking method, can well solve the problems of grid correspondence and data transmission among an electromagnetic field, a temperature field and a structural field, and provides a method foundation for realizing real electromagnetic vibration, magnetic solidification, thermal and strong coupling analysis of the motor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a motor magnetic-solid-heat multi-field coupling vibration analysis method based on a marking point, which ensures the unique determination of a split vibration observation point by applying a marking technology and simultaneously realizes the correspondence and data transmission of an electromagnetic field, a temperature field and a structural field grid node. Further, by utilizing the loop iteration between the electromagnetic field and the structural field, the analysis system achieves the vibration characteristic in stable time, and the purpose of accurately analyzing the electromagnetic vibration and thermal deformation characteristics of the motor is achieved.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a motor magnetic heat fixing multi-field coupling vibration analysis method based on marking points adopts a marking technology to mark the grid nodes of a motor structure field after grid division, the relative positions of the formed marking points in the whole calculation are not changed, but the absolute positions of the marking points are updated according to the movement, vibration and thermal deformation of a motor structure; vector synthesis is carried out on the displacement generated by the rotor movement, the displacement generated by vibration and the displacement generated by thermal deformation on each marking point, so as to obtain a new position of each marking point; the new positions of all the marking points are grid nodes of the overlapping part of the electromagnetic field and the temperature field when the electromagnetic field and the temperature field are analyzed, the electromagnetic field and the temperature field solving domain which are not overlapped with the motor structure field are automatically split and encrypted by grids, the electromagnetic field and the temperature field are analyzed, the electromagnetic field and the temperature field solving domain which are not overlapped with the motor structure field comprise an inner air gap and an outer air gap of a motor and a stator slot of the motor, and then electromagnetic force on all the marking points on the structural domain is obtained; and finally, applying electromagnetic force on each marking point to a structural field model of the corresponding marking point to obtain the vibration response of the motor, and performing loop iterative computation until the vibration response of the motor reaches a steady state.
Further, the specific process of loop iterative computation includes:
(1) And establishing a two-dimensional or three-dimensional structural model of the motor in finite element software according to parameters and structures of the motor.
(2) And extracting the relative position between the stator and the rotor of the motor from the two-dimensional or three-dimensional structural model of the motor. The structural field of the motor is subjected to grid division, marks are made on each grid node and are marked as mark points, the relative positions of the mark points in the whole iterative calculation are not changed any more, but the absolute positions of the mark points are updated according to the vibration of the motor structure, the movement of the rotor and the thermal deformation.
(3) And solving a domain of an electromagnetic field overlapped with the motor structure field, and carrying out grid division by taking the positions of the marking points as grid nodes. And (3) adopting automatic subdivision and encryption of grids for an electromagnetic field solving domain which is not overlapped with the motor structure field so as to improve the electromagnetic field calculation accuracy, completing two-dimensional or three-dimensional grid division of the electromagnetic field of the whole motor, and calculating and solving the electromagnetic field of the motor. And further completing the calculation of electromagnetic force on each marked point.
(4) And solving a temperature field overlapped with the motor structure field, and carrying out grid division by taking the positions of the marking points as grid nodes. And (3) automatically dividing and encrypting a temperature field solving domain which is not overlapped with the motor structure field by adopting grids so as to improve the calculation accuracy of the temperature field, finishing two-dimensional or three-dimensional grid division of the whole motor temperature field, and calculating and solving the temperature field of the motor. Further completing the thermal deformation calculation on each marked point.
(5) And (3) calculating to obtain electromagnetic force on each marking point on the structural domain based on the calculated structure of the electromagnetic field of the motor, applying the electromagnetic force on each marking point to a structural field model of the corresponding marking point, and finally calculating to obtain the vibration response of the motor by combining the thermal deformation on each marking point calculated in the step (4).
(6) Judging whether the motor vibration is stable or not, if the motor vibration is not stable, increasing the time step, updating the absolute position of the mark point according to the motor structure vibration response and the motion state of the rotor, and repeating the operation steps (3) - (6); if the motor vibration reaches the stable stage, outputting the motor structure vibration response at the moment as a calculation result, and ending the calculation.
Further, without focusing on analyzing the local stress and deformation of the rotor, the rotor can be simplified into a series of disk units, and the electromagnetic force of each section of the rotor axis direction can be replaced by a concentrated force acting on the center of the disk units to simplify the calculation.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a marking technology, which can solve the grid division and the corresponding problem of an electromagnetic field, a temperature field and a structural field in the magnetic-solid-thermal multi-field coupling process of a motor and can ensure that vibration observation points after each grid division are the same. Further, a rapid calculation method in the magnetic solid thermal strong coupling analysis is also provided, and model simplification and rapid calculation can be realized. By applying the technical means of the invention, the vibration characteristics of the motor can be calculated more accurately, the mechanism of the electromagnetic vibration of the motor can be analyzed, the accurate control of the electromagnetic vibration of the motor can be realized, and the optimal design of the motor can be assisted.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a motor magnetic-solid-heat multi-field coupling vibration analysis method based on a mark point;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a 6P36S motor three-dimensional finite element model according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of an updated solution domain in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the frequency spectrum of electromagnetic force applied to the rotor in the Y direction in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the time history of vibration acceleration applied to the base A in the X direction of the node A according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the time history of vibration acceleration applied to the base A in the Y direction of the node A according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the vibration acceleration spectrum of the base A in the X direction of the node A according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a graph of vibration acceleration spectrum of the base A in the Y direction of the node Y in the embodiment of the invention;
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, it being noted that the examples described below are intended to facilitate the understanding of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention in any way.
As shown in fig. 1, the motor magnetic-solid-heat multi-field coupling vibration analysis method based on the marked points comprises the following steps:
step 01, firstly, a three-dimensional structure field model is established in finite element software according to actual parameters and structures of a motor, unit attributes are given, grid division of the structure field is carried out, and marking points of the structure field model after grid division is completed are marked. In this example, the three-dimensional finite element model of the permanent magnet synchronous motor for 6P36S is shown in FIG. 2. Taking the geometric center of the rotor and grid nodes of base angle A as vibration characteristic observation mark points, and respectively marking the vibration characteristic observation mark points as mark points A and mark points B, and falseLet its initial coordinates be (x) 1 ,y 1 ) And (x) 2 ,y 2 )。
And 02, determining the relative position between the stator and the rotor. The rigid displacement generated by the relative motion between the rotors is set to be (deltax, deltay). Initializing an impressed current parameter, setting an input current as a 50Hz three-phase ideal sinusoidal current, and calculating an armature reaction magnetic field.
And 03, reading position data of each marking node, solving a domain of an electromagnetic field overlapped with the motor structural field, and carrying out grid division by taking the positions of the marking points as grid nodes. And (3) automatically dividing and encrypting the electromagnetic field solving domain (mainly comprising the areas of an inner air gap, an outer air gap, a stator slot and the like of the motor) which is not overlapped with the motor structural field by adopting grids so as to improve the electromagnetic field calculation accuracy and complete the grid division of the electromagnetic field of the whole motor three-dimensional finite element model. The updated solution domain is shown in fig. 3. And calculating the electromagnetic field distribution at the given position and the node of the motor.
And 04, solving a domain of a temperature field overlapped with the motor structure field, and performing grid division by taking the positions of the marking points as grid nodes. And (3) automatically dividing and encrypting a temperature field solving domain (mainly comprising areas such as an inner air gap, an outer air gap and a stator slot of the motor) which is not overlapped with the motor structure field by adopting grids so as to improve the calculation accuracy of the temperature field, and completing two-dimensional or three-dimensional grid division of the whole motor temperature field to calculate and solve the temperature field distribution of the motor.
And step 05, solving the electromagnetic force of the rotor without analyzing the local stress and deformation of the rotor, and calculating the concentrated force of each section of the rotor axial direction by using a virtual displacement method to replace the calculated heavy and complicated distributed force. Radial and tangential electromagnetic forces at a given mark point are calculated from the electromagnetic field calculated in S03.
Step 06, applying the temperature field data of each mark point in S04 to the motor structure field three model, calculating the thermal deformation at the corresponding node, assuming that the thermal deformation read by mark point A and mark point B in this example is (x) t1 ,y t1 ) And (x) t2 ,y t2 )。
Step 07, counting electromagnetic force of each mark point obtained in step S05And according to the three models applied to the motor structural field, calculating the vibration response on the corresponding node, and reading the vibration displacement data of each marking point. Let the vibration displacements read by the vibration observation mark points A and B of this example be (x) 3 ,y 3 ) And (x) 4 ,y 4 )。
Step 07, judging whether the motor vibration is stable, if not, setting the original time as T, increasing the time step delta T, and reading out the vibration displacement and the stator-rotor relative displacement corresponding to the T+delta T time, wherein the displacements of the mark point A and the mark point B are respectively updated as (x) 1 +x t1 +x 3 +Δx,y 1 +y t1 +y 3 +Δy) and (x 2 +x t2 +x 4 ,y 2 +y t2 +y 4 ). Repeating the operation steps S03-S07; if stable, outputting the calculation result, and ending the calculation. The results of the analysis obtained by the calculation are shown in fig. 4 to 8. Fig. 4 is a graph of electromagnetic force spectrum in the y direction of the rotor (marked point a), from which the electromagnetic force vibration frequency characteristics of the rotor can be clearly extracted. Fig. 5 and 6 show the time course of the vibration acceleration of the motor base angle 3527 node (labeled point B) in both x and y directions. FIGS. 7 and 8 are graphs of vibration acceleration spectra of the motor base angle No. 3527 node (labeled point B) in the x and y directions
The invention adopts a marking technology to mark the grid nodes of the motor structure field after grid division, the formed marking points are not changed in the whole calculation, but the absolute positions of the marking points are updated according to the movement, vibration and thermal deformation of the motor structure; vector synthesis is carried out on the displacement generated by the rotor movement, the displacement generated by vibration and the displacement generated by thermal deformation on each marking point, so as to obtain a new position of each marking point; the new positions of all the marking points are grid nodes of the overlapping part with the structural field during electromagnetic field analysis, the electromagnetic field solving domain (mainly comprising the areas of an inner air gap, an outer air gap, a stator slot and the like of the motor) which is not overlapped with the structural field of the motor is automatically split and encrypted by grids, electromagnetic field analysis is carried out, and then electromagnetic force on all the marking points on the structural domain is obtained; and finally, applying electromagnetic force on each marking point to a structural field model corresponding to the marking point to obtain the vibration response of the motor, and circularly carrying out until the vibration response of the motor reaches a steady state. The absolute position of the marker point can be updated without taking into account the effect of the motor stator structure vibrations. The electromagnetic field and electromagnetic force calculation method and the temperature field and thermal deformation calculation method can be simplified analytical models or complex finite element models.
The final purpose of the method is to calculate the vibration response characteristic and the electromagnetic force characteristic when the electromagnetic vibration of the motor tends to be stable under the magnetic-solid-thermal multi-field coupling model through the cyclic iteration steps. So as to deeply study the electromagnetic vibration mechanism of the motor, provide technical support for the control of electromagnetic vibration noise of the motor and provide detection means for the design and optimization of the motor.
The foregoing embodiments have described in detail the technical solution and the advantages of the present invention, it should be understood that the foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention, and any modifications, additions and equivalents made within the scope of the principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of the invention.
Claims (3)
1. A motor magnetic heat fixing multi-field coupling vibration analysis method based on marking points is characterized in that the method adopts a marking technology to mark grid nodes of a motor structure field after grid division, the relative positions of the formed marking points in the whole calculation are not changed, but the absolute positions of the marking points are updated according to the movement, vibration and thermal deformation of a motor structure; vector synthesis is carried out on the displacement generated by the rotor movement, the displacement generated by vibration and the displacement generated by thermal deformation on each marking point, so as to obtain a new position of each marking point; the new positions of all the marking points are grid nodes of the overlapping part of the electromagnetic field and the temperature field when the electromagnetic field and the temperature field are analyzed, the electromagnetic field and the temperature field solving domain which are not overlapped with the motor structure field are automatically split and encrypted by grids, the electromagnetic field and the temperature field are analyzed, the electromagnetic field and the temperature field solving domain which are not overlapped with the motor structure field comprise an inner air gap and an outer air gap of a motor and a stator slot of the motor, and then electromagnetic force on all the marking points on the structural domain is obtained; and finally, applying electromagnetic force on each marking point to a structural field model of the corresponding marking point to obtain the vibration response of the motor, and performing loop iterative computation until the vibration response of the motor reaches a steady state.
2. The method for analyzing the magnetic-solid-heat multi-field coupling vibration of the motor based on the mark points according to claim 1, wherein the specific process of the loop iterative calculation comprises the following steps:
(1) According to parameters and structures of the motor, a two-dimensional or three-dimensional structure model of the motor is built in finite element software;
(2) Extracting the relative position between the stator and the rotor of the motor from a two-dimensional or three-dimensional structure model of the motor, meshing the structural field of the motor, marking each mesh node, and marking as a marking point, wherein the relative position of the marking point in the whole iterative calculation is not changed any more, but the absolute position of the marking point is updated according to the vibration of the motor structure, the movement of the rotor and the thermal deformation;
(3) Performing grid division on an electromagnetic field solving domain overlapped with a motor structure field by taking the positions of marking points as grid nodes, and performing automatic grid division and encryption on an electromagnetic field solving domain not overlapped with the motor structure field to improve the electromagnetic field calculation accuracy, complete two-dimensional or three-dimensional grid division of the electromagnetic field of the whole motor, calculate and solve the electromagnetic field of the motor, and further complete electromagnetic force calculation on each marking point;
(4) Performing grid division on a temperature field solving domain overlapped with the motor structure field by taking the positions of the marking points as grid nodes, and automatically dividing and encrypting grids on the temperature field solving domain which is not overlapped with the motor structure field to improve the calculation accuracy of the temperature field, complete two-dimensional or three-dimensional grid division of the whole motor temperature field, calculate and solve the temperature field of the motor, and further complete thermal deformation calculation on each marking point;
(5) Based on the calculation structure of the motor electromagnetic field, calculating to obtain electromagnetic force on each marking point on the structural domain, then applying the electromagnetic force on each marking point to a structural field model of the corresponding marking point, combining the thermal deformation on each marking point calculated in the step (4), and finally calculating to obtain the vibration response of the motor;
(6) Judging whether the motor vibration is stable or not, if the motor vibration is not stable, increasing the time step, updating the absolute position of the mark point according to the motor structure vibration response and the motion state of the rotor, and repeating the operation steps (3) - (6); if the motor vibration reaches the stable stage, outputting the motor structure vibration response at the moment as a calculation result, and ending the calculation.
3. The method for analyzing magnetic-thermal multi-field coupling vibration of a motor based on a mark point according to claim 2, wherein the rotor can be simplified into a series of disk units without focusing on analyzing local stress and deformation of the rotor, and electromagnetic force of each section of the rotor in the axial direction can be replaced by a concentrated force acting on the center of the disk units to simplify calculation.
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