CN113505334B - Surface influence inhibition method based on microwave double-frequency polarization difference - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for suppressing earth surface influence based on microwave double-frequency polarization difference, which comprises the following steps: calculating the atmospheric transmittance of the microwave spectrum of 0-200 GHz; selecting a microwave spectrum section suitable for monitoring the change characteristics of the atmospheric temperature and humidity; under the condition of the same surface characteristics, two microwave channels with obvious surface emissivity difference under different polarization conditions are further selected; calculating the microwave radiation brightness temperature of the same microwave channel under different polarization conditionsThe method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Calculating the brightness temperature difference value of microwave radiation of the same microwave channel under different polarization conditionsThe method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Constructing a dual-frequency polarization difference ratio factor R; and establishing a lookup table of R and boundary layer temperature and humidity, and inverting boundary layer temperature and humidity information by using R. According to the invention, a new observed quantity R which does not depend on the surface characteristics is constructed through a fine spectrum polarization channel combination, namely the polarization channel difference value and the ratio of different channels, so that inversion of a boundary layer (0-4 km) temperature and humidity profile is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of microwave hyperspectral detection inversion algorithm design, in particular to a surface influence inhibition method based on microwave double-frequency polarization difference percentage.
Background
Through half century effort, 17 meteorological satellites are successfully launched in China, 7 meteorological satellites are operated in orbit at present, comprehensive earth observation capability which takes account of imaging detection, coverage of visible infrared microwaves and other spectrum segments is formed, and the comprehensive earth observation capability becomes one of a few countries which have two series of service meteorological satellites of polar orbit and static at the same time worldwide. The domestic microwave detecting instrument starts in the sixties of the last century, and two atmosphere microwave detecting instruments such as a microwave thermometer, a microwave hygrometer and the like are mounted on a weather satellite of the second generation of weather in China, namely a weather III. The No. A star of the Fengyun in 2008 is an earth observation satellite which is first provided with a microwave atmosphere detecting instrument in China. Through the development of over ten years, the wind cloud meteorological satellite has established a perfect global observation network, and the quality of the observation data of the wind cloud meteorological satellite has reached the level equivalent to that of an international similar instrument. As a remote sensing instrument independently and autonomously produced in China, a data product of a microwave thermometer and a microwave hygrometer on the Fengyun No. three subjected to instrument deviation correction is widely accepted by international peers, the data quality of the data product is considered to reach the level of similar instruments in foreign countries, and the data of the data product is applied to business assimilation in the numerical weather forecast center of the Chinese weather bureau, the European mesoscale weather forecast center (ECMWF), the UK weather bureau and other main global numerical forecast centers.
The atmospheric boundary layer (0-4 km) is a main space for human survival and socioeconomic activities, is also a bridge for the interaction and influence of the atmosphere and the earth surface, and has important significance for scientifically knowing the problems of weather, climate, natural disasters and the like and even guaranteeing the sustainable development of the human society. Boundary layer temperature and humidity profile is key basic data, and the traditional observation and foundation remote sensing means can not realize global observation. Although satellite remote sensing can provide spatially continuous boundary layer atmospheric temperature and humidity profile information, the boundary layer information in the detected total signal is a weak signal relative to the earth surface, and the extraction accuracy of the atmospheric information is low. In the signals obtained by the microwave hyperspectral probe instrument, the contribution of the surface temperature is far greater than the contribution of the boundary layer temperature and water vapor, and the boundary layer temperature and humidity signal is a weak signal relative to the surface signal. The boundary layer temperature and humidity information acquisition is an extraction of atmospheric weak information under the strong ground surface background, and the influence of strong signals needs to be removed firstly so as to reduce inversion difficulty. In addition, the surface temperature has large variation amplitude, and the variation amplitude may not be different from the boundary layer parameter magnitude, so that signals of boundary layer temperature and water vapor can be submerged, and inversion difficulty is further increased.
At present, the pre-research work of microwave hyperspectral detection instruments is synchronously carried out at home and abroad, the innovation and development speed of the instruments is very rapid, but boundary layer atmosphere detection is required to solve the problems of fewer channels and vertical detection capability, and the problem of surface interference is also required to be solved, namely weak signals are extracted from the strong background of the surface. However, the prior art lacks an effective method for achieving boundary layer weak signal extraction.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems in the related art, the invention provides a surface influence inhibition method based on microwave dual-frequency polarization difference percentage, which can overcome the defects in the prior art.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
the earth surface influence inhibition method based on the microwave double-frequency polarization difference percentage comprises the following steps:
step S1: calculating the atmospheric transmittance of the microwave spectrum of 0-200 GHz;
step S2: selecting a microwave spectrum suitable for monitoring the change characteristics of the atmospheric temperature and humidity according to the atmospheric transmittance calculated in the step S1;
step S3: according to the microwave spectrum section selected in the step S2, further selecting two microwave channels with obvious difference of surface emissivity under different polarization conditions under the condition of the same surface characteristics;
step S4: calculating the microwave radiation brightness temperature T of the same microwave channel under different polarization conditions p (f)；
Step S5: calculating a microwave radiation brightness temperature difference value delta T (f) of the same microwave channel under different polarization conditions;
step S6: constructing a dual-frequency polarization difference ratio factor R;
step S7: and establishing a lookup table of the R and the boundary layer temperature and humidity by using the constructed dual-frequency polarization difference ratio factor R, and inverting boundary layer temperature and humidity information by using the R.
Preferably, the microwave radiation bright temperature T described in step S4 p (f) The calculation equation of (2) is:
T p (f)＝T s -T s [1-ε p ]e -2τ(f) (1)
in the formula (1), T p (f) Is the microwave radiation brightness temperature of polarization direction p, wherein p can be horizontal polarization h or vertical polarization v, T s Is the surface temperature; epsilon p The earth surface emissivity of the polarization direction p is horizontal polarization h or vertical polarization v; τ (f) is the atmospheric transmittance at frequency f, including the absorption effects of gases and clouds.
Preferably, the equation for calculating the brightness temperature difference Δt (f) of the microwave radiation under the different polarization conditions in step S5 is:
ΔT(f)＝T v (f)-T h (f) (2)
in the formula (2), Δt (f) is a difference between the vertical polarization v microwave irradiation bright temperature and the horizontal polarization h microwave irradiation bright temperature.
Preferably, the calculation equation for constructing the dual-frequency polarization differential ratio factor R in step S6 is as follows:
in the formula (3), f 1 、f 2 Two frequency points; first itemIs a surface signal item, and is a function of polarization difference percentage; second term 2[ τ (f) 2 )-τ(f 1 )]Is an atmospheric contribution, and is a function of dry air, water vapor and cloud water.
Preferably, τ (f) 2 )-τ(f 1 ) The calculation equation of (2) is:
τ(f 2 )-τ(f 1 )＝ΔK L (f 2 -f 1 )L+ΔK w (f 2 -f 1 )W+Δτ d (f 2 -f 1 ) (4)
in formula (4), ΔK L 、ΔK w Respectively represent cloud water and vapor at f 2 、f 1 Absorption coefficient at frequency point; l, W represents cloud water and water vapor content, respectively; Δτ d The optical thickness of the dry air is a function of temperature T.
The invention relates to a preprocessing and inversion method for separating a relatively weak atmospheric boundary layer signal from a strong background signal by a meteorological satellite microwave hyperspectral detector in future China. The invention relates to an effective method for stripping boundary layer and surface signals from microwave hyperspectral detection information and realizing high-precision inversion of boundary layer temperature and humidity. The invention relates to an algorithm for acquiring different channel and different polarized surface emissivity difference information, realizing the suppression of a strong background signal of the surface and inverting a boundary layer temperature and humidity profile.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the prior art lacks an effective method for achieving boundary layer weak signal extraction. In the microwave spectrum, the polarization effect of the earth surface and the cloud is remarkable, and the polarization effect of the atmosphere is not polar. The invention creatively provides a microwave dual-frequency polarization differential specific surface and cloud and rain influence inhibition method by utilizing the polarization characteristic differences of the microwave dual-frequency polarization differential specific surface and cloud and rain influence inhibition method, and constructs a 'new observed quantity' independent of surface temperature, namely a dual-frequency polarization differential ratio factor R, so as to realize boundary layer weak signal extraction under a strong surface background.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a graph of calculated transmission in the microwave spectrum (0-200 GHz) based on standard atmosphere;
FIG. 2 is a graph of the difference in surface emissivity of two typical microwave H/V polarized channels as a function of scan angle.
Detailed Description
The following description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clear and complete, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which are derived by a person skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention, fall within the scope of protection of the invention.
In order to facilitate understanding of the technical scheme of the present invention, the technical scheme of the present invention will be described in detail below by means of specific usage.
The earth surface influence inhibition method based on the microwave double-frequency polarization difference percentage comprises the following steps:
step S1: calculating the atmospheric transmittance of the microwave spectrum of 0-200 GHz; FIG. 1 is a graph of calculated transmission in the microwave spectrum (0-200 GHz) based on standard atmosphere.
Step S2: from fig. 1, it can be found that there are several spectrum regions with higher atmospheric emissivity in the microwave spectrum of 0-200GHz, wherein 10-40GHz is an atmospheric absorption window region, the absorption band of oxygen molecules in the atmosphere is near 57GHz and near 118GHz, and the absorption band of water vapor in the atmosphere is near 183 GHz. Therefore, the atmospheric absorbing window region with the frequency of 10-40GHz is a proper microwave channel which can be used for detecting boundary layer temperature and humidity information, the transmittance of the selected region with the frequency of 10-40GHz is high and reaches more than 0.9, namely the influence of surface emission radiation on microwave radiation energy is large. Therefore, the method is suitable for selecting a proper polarization channel in the spectrum section to invert the temperature and humidity information of the boundary layer.
Step S3: fig. 2 is a difference chart of the earth surface emissivity of two typical microwave H/V polarization channels along with the change of the scanning angle, and fig. 2 shows the trend of the earth surface emissivity of two typical microwave channels (6 ghz,36 ghz) along with the change of the scanning angle under different polarization conditions (H is horizontal polarization and V is vertical polarization). As can be seen from fig. 2, there is a very significant difference in the emissivity of the microwave channels of different polarization characteristics, and the difference increases with increasing scan angle.
Step S4: according to the two microwave channels (6 GHz and 36 GHz) selected in the step S3, calculating the microwave radiation brightness temperature T of the same microwave channel under different polarization conditions p (f) Suppressing strong background signal of earth surface, and radiating bright temperature T by microwave p (f) The calculation equation of (2) is:
T p (f)＝T s -T s [1-ε p ]e -2τ(f) (1)
in the formula (1), T p (f) Is the microwave radiation brightness temperature of polarization direction p, wherein p can be horizontal polarization h or vertical polarization v, T s Is the surface temperature; epsilon p The earth surface emissivity of the polarization direction p is horizontal polarization h or vertical polarization v; τ (f) is the atmospheric transmittance at frequency f, including the absorption effects of gas and cloud; this equation is a simplified description of the microwave spectral band radiation transmission equation.
Step S5: the effect of surface temperature is eliminated by the combination of two microwave channels (6 GHz and 36 GHz) and two sets of polarization observations (horizontal polarization h or vertical polarization v), and the calculation equation of the brightness temperature difference value delta T (f) of microwave radiation under different polarization conditions is as follows:
ΔT(f)＝T v (f)-T h (f) (2)
in the formula (2), Δt (f) is a difference between the vertical polarization v microwave irradiation bright temperature and the horizontal polarization h microwave irradiation bright temperature.
Step S6: constructing a double-frequency polarization differential ratio factor R, and constructing a calculation equation of the double-frequency polarization differential ratio factor R as follows:
in the formula (3), f 1 、f 2 Two frequency points (such as frequency points in 6GHz and 36 GHz); first itemIs a surface signal item, and is a function of polarization difference percentage; second term 2[ τ (f) 2 )-τ(f 1 )]Is the atmospheric contribution term, is a function of dry air, water vapor and cloud water, and is τ (f 2 )-τ(f 1 ) The calculation equation of (2) is:
τ(f 2 )-τ(f 1 )＝ΔK L (f 2 -f 1 )L+ΔK w (f 2 -f 1 )W+Δτ d (f 2 -f 1 ) (4)
in formula (4), ΔK L 、ΔK w Respectively represent cloud water and vapor at f 2 、f 1 Absorption coefficient at frequency point; l, W represents cloud water and water vapor content, respectively; Δτ d The optical thickness of the dry air as a function of temperature T; for a group of microwave channels, L, W, T is the result of the whole-layer weighted average based on a weight function, and along with the continuous subdivision of the spectrum, detection values of layers with different heights can be obtained;
as shown in equation (3), the "new observed quantity", the dual-frequency polarization difference factor R, constructed by two microwave channels and two sets of polarization observations is a function of the surface emissivity and the atmospheric transmittance, independent of the surface temperature.
Step S7: the constructed dual-frequency polarization difference ratio factor R is used for establishing R (f 1 ,f 2 ) A lookup table with boundary layer temperature and humidity can realize the utilization of R (f 1 ,f 2 ) And inverting boundary layer temperature and humidity information.
In summary, the invention selects the microwave channel suitable for boundary layer detection based on the analysis of the microwave polarization hyperspectral spectrum simulation analog data material and according to the radiation transmission model and the weight function and the relative information quantity between channels. Aiming at boundary layer atmospheric temperature and humidity detection, through atmospheric radiation transmission simulation and weight function calculation, a 10-40GHz water vapor hyperspectral channel is proposed, and the ground surface strong background signal suppression is realized by distinguishing the difference of different polarization of different center frequencies on the ground surface emissivity. And (3) constructing a 'new observed quantity' independent of surface characteristics, namely a double-frequency polarization difference ratio factor R, through a fine spectrum polarization channel combination, namely polarization channel difference values and ratios of different channels, and realizing inversion of a temperature and humidity profile of a boundary layer (0-4 km).
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, alternatives, and improvements that fall within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (1)
1. The earth surface influence inhibition method based on the microwave double-frequency polarization difference percentage is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step S1: calculating the atmospheric transmittance of the microwave spectrum of 0-200 GHz;
step S2: selecting a microwave spectrum suitable for monitoring the change characteristics of the atmospheric temperature and humidity according to the atmospheric transmittance calculated in the step S1;
step S3: according to the microwave spectrum section selected in the step S2, further selecting two microwave channels with obvious difference of surface emissivity under different polarization conditions under the condition of the same surface characteristics;
step S4: calculating the microwave radiation brightness temperature T of the same microwave channel under different polarization conditions p (f)；
The bright temperature T of the microwave radiation in the step S4 p (f) The calculation equation of (2) is:
T p (f)＝T s -T s [1-ε p ]e -2τ(f) (1)
in the formula (1), T p (f) Is the microwave radiation brightness temperature of polarization direction p, wherein p is horizontal polarization h or vertical polarization v, T s Is the surface temperature; epsilon p The earth surface emissivity of the polarization direction p is horizontal polarization h or vertical polarization v; τ (f) is the atmospheric transmittance at frequency f, including the absorption effects of gas and cloud;
step S5: calculating a microwave radiation brightness temperature difference value delta T (f) of the same microwave channel under different polarization conditions;
the equation for calculating the brightness temperature difference Δt (f) of the microwave radiation under the different polarization conditions in step S5 is as follows:
ΔT(f)＝T v (f)-T h (f) (2)
in the formula (2), deltaT (f) is the difference between the vertical polarization v microwave radiation bright temperature and the horizontal polarization h microwave radiation bright temperature;
step S6: constructing a dual-frequency polarization difference ratio factor R;
the calculation equation for constructing the dual-frequency polarization differential ratio factor R in the step S6 is as follows:
in the formula (3), f 1 、f 2 Two frequency points; first itemIs a surface signal item, and is a function of polarization difference percentage; second term 2[ τ (f) 2 )-τ(f 1 )]Is an atmospheric contribution term and is a function of dry air, water vapor and cloud water;
τ (f) in the atmospheric contribution term 2 )-τ(f 1 ) The calculation equation of (2) is:
τ(f 2 )-τ(f 1 )＝ΔK L (f 2 -f 1 )L+ΔK w (f 2 -f 1 )W+Δτ d (f 2 -f 1 ) (4)
in formula (4), ΔK L 、ΔK w Respectively represent cloud water and vapor at f 2 、f 1 Absorption coefficient at frequency point; l, W represents cloud water and water vapor content, respectively; Δτ d The optical thickness of the dry air as a function of temperature T;
step S7: and establishing a lookup table of R and boundary layer temperature and humidity, and inverting boundary layer temperature and humidity information by using R.
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