CN113504563B - Stability period checking source based on small X-ray machine - Google Patents
Stability period checking source based on small X-ray machine Download PDFInfo
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- CN113504563B CN113504563B CN202110527909.2A CN202110527909A CN113504563B CN 113504563 B CN113504563 B CN 113504563B CN 202110527909 A CN202110527909 A CN 202110527909A CN 113504563 B CN113504563 B CN 113504563B
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- ionization chamber
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- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000005865 ionizing radiation Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011257 shell material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910000737 Duralumin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 2
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005372 Plexiglas® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical group [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003760 hair shine Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000873 masking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T7/00—Details of radiation-measuring instruments
- G01T7/005—Details of radiation-measuring instruments calibration techniques
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)
- Measurement Of Radiation (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a stability period checking source based on a small X-ray machine, which belongs to the technical field of checking equipment during an instrument for ionizing radiation, and comprises a device body, wherein a shielding plate is fixedly arranged in the device body, the shielding plate divides the inner space of the device body into an upper X-ray machine area and a lower experiment area, a limited beam diaphragm is arranged in the middle position of the shielding plate, an X-ray machine is fixedly arranged in the middle position of the upper surface of the shielding plate, a monitoring ionization chamber is fixedly arranged in the middle position of the lower surface of the shielding plate, and the beam of the X-ray machine irradiates the monitoring ionization chamber through the limited beam diaphragm and provides a radiation field for the checked ionization chamber, and the stability period checking source has the beneficial effects that: the device can check finger-type ionization chambers with various types, has simple structure and high stability, simultaneously designs a special monitoring ionization chamber under an X-ray machine, obviously reduces the use cost on the basis of reaching technical requirements, and has good economic benefit and market popularization prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of checking equipment during an instrument for ionizing radiation, and particularly relates to a stability period checking source based on a small X-ray machine.
Background
The laboratory performs periodic verification or calibration of the instrument to ensure traceability of its magnitude. In practice, the continued reliability of the verification or calibration state cannot be guaranteed due to the effects of frequency of use, damage, instability of performance itself, environmental conditions, and movements, vibrations, etc. Thus, the laboratory should check during the performance of these instruments to ensure that their status is consistent with that of the assay calibration, and that the test data is accurate and reliable. Currently, radioactive sources are commonly used in the past for checking the period of an ionizing radiation measuring instrument, but the supervision requirements in the process of purchasing, using and retirement of the radioactive sources are extremely high, and the use is limited. Checking the source during the stability based X-ray machine breaks through these limitations.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a period checking source based on the stability of a small X-ray machine, which can effectively solve the period checking of an ionizing radiation instrument and is not limited by the use of a radioactive source.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the utility model provides a source is checked during stability based on small-size X-ray machine, includes the device body, the inside fixed shield plate that is provided with of device body, shield plate divide into the X-ray machine district and the experimental district of lower floor of upper strata with device body inner space, be provided with limited beam diaphragm 2 on the shield plate intermediate position, fixed X-ray machine 1 that is provided with on the shield plate upper surface intermediate position, fixed monitoring ionization chamber 3 that is provided with on the shield plate lower surface intermediate position, the beam of X-ray machine 1 shines on the monitoring ionization chamber 3 of experimental district through limiting beam diaphragm 2 to for being checked the ionization chamber and provide the radiation field.
The shielding plate is formed by combining a lead plate and an aluminum plate which are overlapped, and a mounting hole is formed in the middle of the shielding plate.
The thickness ratio of the lead plate to the aluminum plate is 1:2.
The beam limiting diaphragm 2 is a lead plate with a disc-shaped structure, and the beam limiting diaphragm 2 is fixedly arranged in a mounting hole in the middle of the shielding plate through a screw.
The middle of the beam limiting diaphragm 2 is provided with a round table hole, the included angle of the round table is 20 degrees, and the requirements of the checked ionization chamber on the beam can be ensured.
The monitoring ionization chamber 3 comprises a high-voltage pole 301, a collector 302, a protection pole 303, an insulator 304 and a shell 305, wherein the high-voltage pole 301, the collector 302, the protection pole 303 and the insulator 304 are fixedly arranged inside the shell 305, and four threaded holes are uniformly formed in the bottom end of the shell 305.
The bottom end of the shell 305 is fixedly provided with a stainless steel cylinder 401 through a threaded hole and a bolt, an organic glass plate 402 is fixedly arranged in the stainless steel cylinder 401, a groove is formed in the middle of the organic glass plate 402, and the groove is used for placing the checked finger-type ionization chamber.
The experimental area is internally and fixedly provided with an I-shaped bracket, the I-shaped bracket is positioned right below the monitoring ionization chamber 3, and the I-shaped bracket is used for fixedly placing the checked spherical ionization chamber.
The side wall and the bottom plate of the device body corresponding to the experimental area are formed by combining lead plates and iron plates which are overlapped.
The thickness ratio of the lead plate to the iron plate is 2:1.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) Ultra-close technology: in order to obtain a large dose rate under a small X-ray power, a technical means is adopted to enable the checked ionization chamber to stably approach to focus measurement, and the influence of main beam and scattering is properly adjusted, so that the small-volume ionization chamber with low sensitivity can be checked;
2) Strong absorption technique: the radiation is weakened by 7-8 orders of magnitude by using a combined filtering strong absorption technology, so that the stability check of the large-volume ionization chamber with extremely high sensitivity is realized at a relatively short distance;
3) Scattering avoidance technique: by shielding and adding proper medium around the ionization chamber to be checked, the influence of surrounding backscattering on the ionization chamber to be checked is effectively avoided, so that the checking is not influenced by surrounding scattering environment;
4) The device can check finger-type and ball-type ionization chambers of various types, and designs a special organic glass bracket for placing the ionization chambers of various types, thereby ensuring the placement repeatability of the checked ionization chambers, and having simple structure and high stability;
5) Compared with a common ionization chamber, the transmission type monitoring ionization chamber adopted by the device has larger sensitive volume and high detection capability on low-energy X rays; meanwhile, the leakage current is low, and the method is suitable for low-energy X-ray detection; in addition, the output current of the monitoring ionization chamber can be measured by any general electrometer, and the special monitoring ionization chamber under the X-ray machine is improved, so that the use cost is obviously reduced on the basis of reaching the technical requirement, and the X-ray machine has good economic benefit and market popularization prospect.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the front structure of an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic side view of an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a partial enlarged structure at a in fig. 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a transmission-type monitoring ionization chamber according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the finger-type ionization chamber placement position to be checked according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Figure number and name: an X-ray machine 1, a beam limiting diaphragm 2, a monitoring ionization chamber 3, an inspected finger type ionization chamber placing position 4, an inspected ball type ionization chamber placing position 5, a high-voltage electrode 301, a collector 302, a protective electrode 303, an insulator 304, a shell 305, a stainless steel cylinder 401 and a plexiglass plate 402.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings and the specific embodiments thereof, wherein the illustrative embodiments and descriptions of the invention are for illustration, but not for limitation.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like indicate or are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, merely to facilitate description of the present invention and to simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1-3, the stability period checking source based on the small-sized X-ray machine comprises a device body, wherein the device body is of an aluminum frame structure, a shielding plate is fixedly arranged at the middle upper part in the device body through rivets, and the shielding plate divides the internal space of the device body into an upper-layer X-ray machine area and a lower-layer experimental area; the X-ray monitoring device is characterized in that a limited beam diaphragm 2 is arranged at the middle position of the shielding plate, an X-ray machine 1 is fixedly arranged at the middle position of the upper surface of the shielding plate through bolts, a monitoring ionization chamber 3 is fixedly arranged at the middle position of the lower surface of the shielding plate through bolts, and the beam of the X-ray machine 1 irradiates the monitoring ionization chamber 3 positioned in an experiment area through the limited beam diaphragm 2 and provides a radiation field for the checked ionization chamber. Since the X-ray machine 1 has a round tungsten target of 1mm, which can be approximated as a point source, and the radiation beam is a cone beam, it is necessary to reduce the width of the beam in order to reduce the direct irradiation of the beam onto the shielding plate around the lower layer, and therefore, it is necessary to add a beam limiting diaphragm 2 to limit the beam.
The shield plate is formed by combining a lead plate and an aluminum plate which are overlapped, a mounting hole is formed in the middle position of the shield plate, the thickness ratio of the lead plate to the aluminum plate is 1:2, and in the embodiment, the shield plate is formed by combining a lead plate of 5mm and an aluminum plate of 10 mm.
The beam limiting diaphragm 2 is a lead plate with a disc-shaped structure, the beam limiting diaphragm 2 is fixedly arranged in a mounting hole in the middle of the shielding plate through a screw, a round table hole is formed in the middle of the beam limiting diaphragm 2, and the included angle of the round table is 20 degrees, so that the requirement of the checked ionization chamber on the beam can be guaranteed.
As shown in fig. 4, the monitoring ionization chamber 3 is composed of a high-voltage pole 301, a collector 302, a guard pole 303, an insulator 304 and a housing 305, wherein the high-voltage pole 301, the collector 302, the guard pole 303 and the insulator 304 are fixedly arranged inside the housing 305, the distance between the high-voltage pole 301 and the collector 302 is the pole spacing, and the diameter of the collector 302 is the effective measurement diameter of the ionization chamber. The high-voltage electrode 301 and the collecting stage 302 are made of organic glass plates (the surfaces of which are coated with graphite) with the total thickness of 2 mm; the guard electrode 303 is an aluminum ring with the width of 5mm and the thickness of 10mm; insulator 304 is made of polytetrafluoroethylene; the housing 305 is made of duralumin; polarization voltage selection 400V; the pole spacing is 10mm; the ionization chamber has an effective measurement diameter of 40mm.
Graphite has good conductivity, thermal stability and chemical stability, but has brittle texture and poor structural stability, so that the problem can be effectively solved by selecting the organic glass to coat the graphite, and the organic glass has low price and is easy to process. Leakage current is an important factor affecting the output signal of the ionization chamber, and in order to reduce the influence of leakage current, an insulating material with good insulating property needs to be selected, and as the ionization chamber works under the beam, the radiation resistance is considered, polytetrafluoroethylene is selected after the performance requirement and the cost are comprehensively considered, and finally, the leakage current can be smaller than 0.1pA. The shell is used for supporting and fixing, and due to long-term exposure to irradiation conditions and air environment, irradiation resistance, corrosion resistance and rigidity are important factors for selecting shell materials, and finally duralumin is selected as the shell materials.
Compared with a common flat plate ionization chamber, the transmission type monitoring ionization chamber has the following advantages: the ionization chamber has larger sensitive volume and high capability of detecting low-energy X-rays; the ionization chamber has low leakage current and is suitable for low-energy X-ray detection; ionization chamber output current can be measured by any general electrometer; the special design under the X-ray machine has lower cost on the basis of reaching the technical requirement.
As shown in fig. 5, the bottom end of the housing 305 is fixedly provided with a stainless steel cylinder 401 through a threaded hole and a bolt, an organic glass plate 402 is fixedly arranged in the stainless steel cylinder 401, a groove is arranged in the middle of the organic glass plate 402, the groove is used for placing an inspected finger-type ionization chamber, the size of the groove is designed according to the size of the ionization chamber, and different grooves are designed for different ionization chambers.
The experimental area is internally provided with an I-shaped bracket through bolt fixation, the I-shaped bracket is positioned right below the monitoring ionization chamber 3, and the I-shaped bracket is used for fixedly placing the checked spherical ionization chamber.
The utility model discloses a device for the ionization chamber, including experimental area, the device body, bottom plate, shield door, be provided with the shield door on the preceding lateral wall in experimental area, the shield door is used for being checked the installation of ionization chamber and places, lateral wall, bottom plate and the shield door of the device body that experimental area corresponds all adopt the stack to set up lead plate and iron plate to make up, the thickness ratio of lead plate and iron plate is 2:1, in this embodiment, the thickness of lead plate and iron plate is 2mm and 1mm respectively.
The side wall and the bottom plate of the device body corresponding to the experimental area play a role in shielding, and according to the attenuation rule N=N of rays in substances 0 e -μd The dose rate outside the shielding cavity, i.e. around the whole device, was calculated to be 0.7 mu Sv.h -1 . In the masking calculation, the equivalent dose per hour is generally derived from the dose limits of the national radiation protection standard, e.g., about 20 mSv.a -1 Calculated by professional staff per year for 2000h, the equivalent dose per hour is 20mSv/2000 h=1×10 -2 mSv·h -1 . So long as the irradiated equivalent dose rate of the staff member after shielding is controlled to be less than 1 multiplied by 10 -2 mSv·h -1 The exposure to this condition will be less than 20mSv for a year, thus indicating that our shielding design is satisfactory.
The application process of the invention is as follows: firstly, fixing a beam limiting diaphragm 2 on a mounting hole formed in a shielding plate through a screw, and fixing a designed monitoring ionization chamber 3 on the lower surface of the shielding plate through a screw; for the finger-type ionization chamber to be checked, selecting a corresponding stainless steel cylinder 401 and an organic glass plate 402 according to the size of the finger-type ionization chamber, and fixing the stainless steel cylinder 401 embedded with the organic glass plate 402 on a lower shell 305 of the monitoring ionization chamber 3 through screws; for the checked spherical ionization chamber, the corresponding bracket is determined according to the size of the spherical ionization chamber. After the checked ionization chamber is placed, signal wires for monitoring the ionization chamber 3 and the checked ionization chamber are led out of an experimental area through holes of a shielding door and are connected to a dosimeter, the shielding door is closed, and the X-ray machine 1 and the dosimeter are electrified for preheating. After the preheating is finished, setting corresponding parameters of the dosimeter, pressing an exposure switch of the X-ray machine 1 after the preheating is finished, and recording readings through the dosimeter after the integration time is finished. And repeating the exposure and reading processes according to the requirements of the experiment until the experiment is finished.
The foregoing has outlined the detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, and the detailed description of the embodiments and the embodiments of the present invention has been provided herein by way of illustration of specific examples, which are intended to be merely illustrative of the principles of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A source is checked during stability based on small-size X ray machine, includes the device body, its characterized in that: the device comprises a device body, wherein a shielding plate is fixedly arranged in the device body, the inner space of the device body is divided into an upper X-ray machine area and a lower experiment area by the shielding plate, a limited beam diaphragm (2) is arranged in the middle of the shielding plate, an X-ray machine (1) is fixedly arranged in the middle of the upper surface of the shielding plate, a monitoring ionization chamber (3) is fixedly arranged in the middle of the lower surface of the shielding plate, and the beam of the X-ray machine (1) irradiates the monitoring ionization chamber (3) of the experiment area through the limited beam diaphragm (2) and provides a radiation field for the checked ionization chamber;
the shielding plate is formed by combining a lead plate and an aluminum plate which are overlapped according to the thickness ratio of 1:2, and a mounting hole is formed in the middle position of the shielding plate;
the limit Shu Guanglan (2) is a lead plate with a disc-shaped structure, and the beam limiting diaphragm (2) is fixedly arranged in a mounting hole in the middle of the shielding plate through a screw;
a round table hole is formed in the middle of the limit Shu Guanglan (2), and the included angle of the round table is 20 degrees;
the monitoring ionization chamber (3) consists of a high-voltage electrode (301), a collector (302), a protection electrode (303), an insulator (304) and a shell (305), wherein the high-voltage electrode (301), the collector (302), the protection electrode (303) and the insulator (304) are fixedly arranged in the shell (305), and four threaded holes are uniformly formed in the bottom end of the shell (305);
the bottom end of the shell (305) is fixedly provided with a stainless steel cylinder (401) through a threaded hole and a bolt, an organic glass plate (402) is fixedly arranged in the stainless steel cylinder (401), a groove is formed in the middle of the organic glass plate (402), and the groove is used for placing a checked finger-type ionization chamber;
the side wall and the bottom plate of the device body corresponding to the experimental area are formed by combining lead plates and iron plates which are overlapped according to the thickness ratio of 2:1;
a hexagonal-shaped gap with a longitudinal section is formed between the high-voltage electrode (301) and the collector (302).
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110527909.2A CN113504563B (en) | 2021-05-14 | 2021-05-14 | Stability period checking source based on small X-ray machine |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110527909.2A CN113504563B (en) | 2021-05-14 | 2021-05-14 | Stability period checking source based on small X-ray machine |
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| CN113504563B true CN113504563B (en) | 2023-11-10 |
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| CN113504563A (en) | 2021-10-15 |
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