CN113504222A - Multi-biological-component sensing system of cascade m-FBG array and rapid detection method of multi-biological components - Google Patents
Multi-biological-component sensing system of cascade m-FBG array and rapid detection method of multi-biological components Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/75—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated
- G01N21/77—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator
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- G01N21/7743—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator using reagent-clad optical fibres or optical waveguides the reagent being on a grating or periodic structure the reagent-coated grating coupling light in or out of the waveguide
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
- G01N21/359—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light using near infrared light
Abstract
The invention discloses a cascaded m-FBG multi-biological component sensing system which mainly comprises a micro-fiber Bragg grating array sensing unit and a micro-flow groove unit, wherein the micro-fiber Bragg grating array sensing unit mainly comprises a light source, a transmission fiber, a tapering area, an m-FBG array, a modifying antibody and a detector; the system and the method can solve the problem of simultaneous and rapid detection of various bacteria, and have the advantages of simple operation, short time consumption, no labeling, high sensitivity and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of optical fiber sensing, and particularly relates to a cascaded m-FBG multi-biological component sensing system and a multi-biological component rapid detection method.
Background
Currently, optical fiber-based biosensing is basically capable of detecting only a single target at a time. Such sensors may have limited clinical applications, particularly where rapid detection of multiple targets is desired. For example, respiratory bacterial infections, involve a variety of bacteria such as acinetobacter baumannii, pseudomonas aeruginosa, klebsiella pneumoniae, escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, enterococcus faecium, enterococcus faecalis, candida albicans, and the like. The rapid detection of various bacteria can provide accurate and effective basis for diagnosis and also win more time for the subsequent treatment of patients, which has great significance for patients and family members.
The conventional Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) is insensitive to the external refractive index response, because the energy is mainly transmitted in the Fiber core, the energy of the optical field generated by the interaction between the grating structure on the communication Fiber and the object to be measured is very small, and the measurement capability is greatly limited. In order to enable more light field energy to be overlapped with a space of a measured object, the simplest method is to thin the optical fiber, enhance the intensity of an evanescent field corresponding to a grating resonance mode, such as micro-nano optical fiber and related structural forms, utilize phase shift m-FBG to detect cardiac troponin, and the relatively narrow detection spectrum width greatly improves the measurement precision.
To address such problems and challenges, the present inventors are attempting to develop studies on multi-biological component sensing systems based on cascaded micro-Fiber bragg gratings (m-FBGs) and rapid detection methods for various microorganisms such as bacteria.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a multi-biological-component sensing system based on cascade m-FBG and a method for rapidly detecting various microorganisms by using the sensing system, which are combined with micro-nano optical fibers and the problems of bacterial detection in the background technology, so as to solve the problem of simultaneously and rapidly detecting various bacteria.
The multi-biological-component sensing system based on the cascade m-FBG is used for quickly detecting specific multi-biological components in the environment, such as simultaneously and quickly detecting various bacteria or DNA molecules and the like. The principle is that m-FBGs with different periods are cascaded, antibodies or specific substances of biological components are modified on the m-FBGs with different periods of the cascade, and the type and the quantity of the substances to be detected are determined by utilizing the influence of biochemical reaction between the substances to be detected and the modified antibodies or specific substances on the spectral characteristics of the m-FBGs.
The invention provides a cascaded m-FBG multi-biological component sensing system which mainly comprises a micro fiber Bragg grating array sensing unit and a micro flow groove unit:
the micro-fiber Bragg array sensing unit mainly comprises a light source, a detector and a transmission fiber arranged between the light source and the detector, wherein a tapered area is arranged on the transmission fiber, an m-FBG array is arranged on the tapered area, and a plurality of different biological component modification antibodies are arranged on the outer surface of the m-FBG array;
the micro flow groove unit mainly comprises a micro flow groove and a cover plate arranged on the micro flow groove, a detection groove is arranged in the micro flow groove, a flow guide groove I and a flow guide groove II are respectively arranged on two opposite sides of the detection groove, a micro flow inlet and a micro flow outlet are arranged on the surface of the cover plate, the micro flow inlet is connected with the inflow end of the detection groove through the flow guide groove I, the micro flow outlet is connected with the outflow end of the detection groove through the flow guide groove II, an optical fiber inlet and an optical fiber outlet are respectively arranged on two opposite side walls of the detection groove, and the heights of the optical fiber inlet and the optical fiber outlet are higher than the liquid level in the detection groove;
the m-FBG array with the modified antibody on the tapering region of the transmission fiber is arranged in the detection groove, and the incident end and the emergent end of the transmission fiber are respectively fixed on the fiber inlet and the fiber outlet.
Preferably, the light source is a near-infrared broadband light source for communication, the spectral range of the light source covers the spectral range of the m-FBG array, the spectral range of the m-FBG array is 1400nm to 1700nm, or can be determined according to the spectral characteristics of the antibody of the biological component to be detected, and the light source is connected to the incident end of the transmission optical fiber.
Preferably, the transmission fiber is a standard SMF28 single mode fiber, and the incident end of the transmission fiber is connected to the light source and the exit end of the transmission fiber is connected to the detector.
Preferably, the tapered region is a micro-fiber structure formed by drawing on the transmission fiber by a flame heating method.
Furthermore, the tapered region is drawn by a conventional flame heating method, and the tapered region forms a micro optical fiber structure. And optimizing the length and the diameter of the micro optical fiber under the condition of balancing evanescent field and insertion loss, wherein the diameter of the micro optical fiber micro nano optical fiber is preferably 1-20 mu m, and the length of the micro optical fiber micro nano optical fiber is preferably 3-40 mm.
Preferably, the m-FBG array is written on the tapered region by using an excimer laser or a femtosecond laser in an ultraviolet band.
Furthermore, the m-FBG array is etched by adopting a conventional excimer laser with an ultraviolet band, FBGs with different periods are etched by selecting proper parameters and masks, and the m-FBGs with different periods are etched at one time.
Preferably, the grating period of each m-FBG on the m-FBG array is different, so as to distinguish the spectral response characteristics of different detected microbial components, specifically, the m-FBG with different grating periods is written on the tapering region at one time to form the m-FBG array, and the grating period is determined according to the type of the microbe to be detected and the type of the antibody used.
Preferably, the modified antibodies can be modified on the outer surface of the m-FBG array by conventional chemical methods, and different modified antibodies are modified on different gratings on the m-FBG array for simultaneous detection of different microorganisms; such modified antibodies include, but are not limited to, antibodies to bacteria and viruses that are common to cause respiratory diseases, digestive diseases, or substances that specifically react with tumor markers.
Preferably, the modified antibody is modified on the outer surface of the m-FBG array by a chemical method, a layer-by-layer cascade method is adopted, the problem of simultaneous detection of different antigens is considered, an operation procedure of molecular self-assembly is designed and optimized, and efficient antibody modification is realized. When corresponding bacteria, viruses or swelling markers exist in the environment where the optical fiber is located, the refractive index around the micro-nano optical fiber is changed, so that the wavelength drift of a transmission peak in the transmission spectrum of the m-FBG array is influenced, and the concentration and the type of the detected bacteria are determined.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in order to effectively modify the modified antibody on the m-FBG grating array, the method proposed by the present invention comprises five steps: the first step is that firstly, the silicon dioxide on the surface of the optical fiber is hydroxylated by piranha solution (mixture 7:3 of concentrated sulfuric acid and 30% hydrogen peroxide) to form silicon hydroxyl; secondly, reacting the silicon hydroxyl formed in the first step with APTES (3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane) to enable the silicon hydroxyl to replace alkyl of the APTES; third, silanization is realized, glutaraldehyde is added, an amino group of APTES reacts with an aldehyde group of the glutaraldehyde, and an aldehyde group is left on the surface of the optical fiber; fourthly, the amino of the bacterial antibody reacts with the aldehyde group, so that the antibody probe is fixed on the surface of the optical fiber; and the fifth step is that specific binding occurs according to the antigen and the antibody.
Preferably, the detector is a spectrum analyzer with the wavelength of 1400nm-1700nm and is connected to the emergent end of the transmission optical fiber.
Preferably, the microflow groove is a rectangular container.
Preferably, the material of the microflow groove is made of an acid-base-resistant and antibacterial plastic material.
Preferably, the micro-flow inlet is cylindrical and is fixedly connected with the opening in the cover plate in a buckling mode, and the lower end of the micro-flow inlet is communicated with the inflow end of the flow guide groove I and is positioned right above the inflow end of the flow guide groove I.
Preferably, the diversion trench I is a cylindrical diversion trench and is located on one side of the detection trench, and the outflow end of the diversion trench I is communicated with the inflow end of the detection trench.
Preferably, the detection groove is a cuboid container, and the m-FBG array is arranged at the bottom of the detection groove.
Preferably, the flow guide groove II is cylindrical and located on the opposite side of the detection groove, an inflow end thereof is connected to an outflow end of the detection groove, and an outflow end thereof is connected to the microfluidic outlet.
Preferably, the microflow outlet is cylindrical and is fixedly connected with the opening on the cover plate in a buckling mode, and the lower end of the microflow outlet is connected with the outflow end of the diversion trench II and is positioned right above the inflow end of the diversion trench II.
The micro fiber Bragg grating array sensing unit is embedded in the micro flow groove unit, and m-FBG of the micro fiber Bragg grating array sensing unit is mainly embedded in a detection groove in the micro flow groove unit.
The invention also provides a method for rapidly detecting multiple biological components by adopting the sensing system, which comprises the steps of enabling fluid containing microorganisms to be detected to flow in from a micro-flow inlet of the micro-flow groove unit and flow into the detection groove through the flow guide groove I, arranging the m-FBG array in the detection groove, enabling antigens of the microorganisms to be combined with the modified antibodies on the m-FBG array when the fluid containing the microorganisms flows through the detection groove, and simultaneously detecting the types and the quantity of various microorganisms according to the spectral change in the micro optical fiber array sensing unit.
According to the invention, fluid containing bacteria to be detected flows through the micro-fiber array sensing system through the micro-flow groove system, and the bacteria are combined with the antibody on the m-FBG 104, so that the drift of a transmission spectrum (a reflection spectrum) in the micro-fiber array sensing system is caused, thereby realizing the detection of the bacteria.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) according to the invention, a plurality of FBGs are connected at the upper stage of the micro optical fiber, and different antibodies are modified, so that simultaneous and rapid measurement of various antigens can be realized;
(2) the invention can realize the simultaneous detection of a plurality of bacterial antigens by designing and optimizing the combination of different bacterial antigens;
(3) the design of the micro flow groove enables a trace sample to be detected and is convenient for actual measurement and use;
(4) the multi-component biomolecule rapid detection system based on the cascade m-FBG can solve the problem of simultaneous rapid detection of multiple bacteria, and has the advantages of simplicity in operation, short time consumption, no mark, high sensitivity and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a micro fiber Bragg grating array sensing unit according to embodiments 1-3;
FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of each control view of the cascaded m-FBG multi-biological component sensing system of examples 1-3;
FIG. 3 is a shift spectrum of the transmission spectrum (reflection spectrum) in the sensing unit of the micro fiber Bragg array caused by the bacteria bound to the antibody on the m-FBG 104 in example 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of the modification of carcinoembryonic antigen CEA, alpha-fetoprotein AFP, cancer antigen CA19-9, carbohydrate antigen CA242, tissue polypeptide antigen TPA on 5 different grating regions of m-FBG in example 3;
reference numerals:
101. a light source, 102, a transmission fiber, 103, a tapered region, 104, m-FBG array, 105, a modified antibody, 106 and a detector;
2011. microflow groove, 2012 cover plate, 20121, first opening, 20122, second opening, 202, microflow inlet, 203, diversion groove I, 204, detection groove, 205, diversion groove II, 206, microflow outlet, 207, optical fiber inlet, 208, optical fiber outlet.
Detailed Description
The method of the present invention is further illustrated by the following examples. The following examples and drawings are illustrative only and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Unless otherwise specified, the reagent raw materials used in the following examples are biochemical reagent raw materials which are conventionally commercially available or commercially available, and the laboratory instruments used are laboratory conventional instruments, and unless otherwise specified, the methods and apparatuses used in the following examples are those conventionally used in the art.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1-2, the cascaded m-FBG multi-biological-component sensing system provided in this embodiment mainly comprises a micro fiber bragg grating array sensing unit 1 and a micro groove unit 2:
the micro fiber Bragg array sensing unit 1 mainly comprises a light source 101, a detector 106 and a transmission fiber 102 arranged between the light source 101 and the detector, wherein a tapered area 103 is arranged on the transmission fiber 102, an m-FBG array 104 is arranged on the tapered area 103, and a plurality of different biological component modification antibodies 105 are arranged on the outer surface of the m-FBG array 104.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, in this embodiment, the micro fiber bragg grating array sensing unit 1 is composed of a light source 101, a transmission fiber 102, a tapered region 103, an m-FBG array 104, a modified antibody 105, and a detector 106.
The light source 101 is a near-infrared broadband light source for communication, and the spectral range covers the spectral range (1400nm-1700nm) of the m-FBG array 104, and is connected to the incident end of the transmission fiber 102.
The transmission fiber 102 is a standard SMF28 single mode fiber, and is mainly used for transmitting optical signals, and has an incident end connected to the light source 101 and an exit end connected to the detector 106.
The tapered region 103 is a micro-fiber structure drawn over the transmission fiber 102 using flame heating. The cladding of the optical fiber is thinned by the tapering, so that the fiber core of the optical fiber is more sensitive to the change of the external environment.
The m-FBG array 104 is written on the tapered region 103 using a 193nm excimer laser or a femtosecond laser.
The grating period of each m-FBG on the m-FBG array 104 is different for distinguishing spectral response characteristics of different detected microbial components.
Specifically, m-FBG with different grating periods is written on the tapering region 103 at one time to form an m-FBG array 104, and the grating period is determined according to the type of microorganism to be detected and the type of the antibody used.
The modified antibody 105 is chemically modified on the outer surface of the m-FBG array 104, and different modified antibodies 105 are modified on different gratings on the m-FBG array 104 for simultaneously detecting different microorganisms; modified antibodies 105 include, but are not limited to, antibodies that are common to bacteria and viruses that cause respiratory diseases, digestive systems, or substances that specifically react with tumor markers.
In order to effectively modify the modified antibody 105 on the m-FBG array 104, the method adopted in the present embodiment is divided into five steps: the first step is that firstly, the silicon dioxide on the surface of the optical fiber is hydroxylated by piranha solution to form silicon hydroxyl; secondly, reacting with APTES to substitute alkyl of the APTES by silicon hydroxyl; third, silanization is realized, and APTES has an amino group which reacts with an aldehyde group of glutaraldehyde, so that an aldehyde group is left on the surface of the optical fiber; fourthly, the amino of the bacterial antibody reacts with the aldehyde group, so that the antibody probe is fixed on the surface of the optical fiber; and the fifth step is that specific binding occurs according to the antigen and the antibody. Each layer of molecular modification will cause a shift in the transmission spectrum (reflection spectrum).
The detector 106 is a spectrum analyzer with specific wavelength (1400nm-1700nm) and is connected to the exit end of the transmission fiber 102.
The micro-flow groove unit 2 mainly comprises a micro-flow groove 2011 and a cover plate 2012 arranged on the micro-flow groove 2011, a detection groove 204 is arranged in the micro-flow groove 2011, flow guide grooves I203 and II205 are respectively arranged on two opposite sides of the detection groove 204, a micro-flow inlet 202 and a micro-flow outlet 206 are arranged on the surface of the cover plate 2012, the micro-flow inlet 202 is connected with an inflow end of the detection groove 204 through the flow guide groove I203, the micro-flow outlet 206 is connected with an outflow end of the detection groove 204 through the flow guide groove II205, an optical fiber inlet 207 and an optical fiber outlet 208 are respectively arranged on two opposite side walls of the detection groove 204, and the heights of the optical fiber inlet 207 and the optical fiber outlet 208 are higher than the liquid level in the detection groove 204.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, the micro flow groove unit 2 is composed of a micro flow groove 2011, a cover plate 2012, a micro flow inlet 202, a flow guide groove I203, a detection groove 204, a flow guide groove II205, a micro flow outlet 206, an optical fiber inlet 207, and an optical fiber outlet 208.
The micro flow groove 2011 is a rectangular container, and is provided with a cover plate 2012, in this embodiment, a glass cover plate is adopted, and the groove body of the micro flow groove 2011 is made of acid-base-resistant and antibacterial plastic materials.
The microfluidic inlet 202 is cylindrical and is snap-fit into a first opening 20121 in the cover 2012.
The lower end of the micro-flow inlet 202 is connected with the inflow end of the flow guide groove I203 and is positioned right above the inflow end of the flow guide groove I203.
The diversion trench I203 is a cylindrical diversion trench and is located at the left side of the microflow trench 2011 (which is also the detection trench 204), and the outflow end of the diversion trench I203 communicates with the inflow end of the detection trench 204.
The detection groove 204 is a rectangular parallelepiped container, and the inlet end of the detection groove is in phase flow with the outlet end of the diversion groove I203. The m-FBG array 104 of the micro fiber Bragg array sensing unit 1 is placed in the detection groove 204.
The m-FBG array 104 is mounted at the bottom of the detection tank 204 by gluing.
The incident end and the exit end of the transmission fiber 102 of the micro fiber bragg array sensing unit 1 are respectively installed in the installation holes of the fiber inlet 207 and the fiber outlet 208 on the left and right side surfaces of the detection tank 204. When the micro-fluid containing the bacterial sample flows through the area, the micro-fiber bragg array sensing unit 1 in the area is affected.
The guiding groove II205 is a cylindrical guiding groove, and is located at the right side of the detecting groove 204, and the inflow end thereof is connected to the outflow end of the detecting groove 204, and the outflow end thereof is connected to the microfluidic outlet 206.
The microfluidic outlet 206 is cylindrical and is snap-fit into a second opening 20122 in the glass cover.
The lower end of the microflow outlet 206 is connected with the outflow end of the flow guide groove II205 and is positioned right above the inflow end of the flow guide groove II 205.
The fiber entrance 207 is located at the left side wall surface of the detection tank 204 at a height higher than the liquid level in the detection tank 204.
The fiber entrance 208 is located at the right side wall surface of the detection tank 204 at a height higher than the liquid level in the detection tank 204.
The m-FBG array 104 with the modified antibody 105 on the tapered region 103 of the transmission fiber 102 is arranged in the detection groove 204, and the incident end and the emergent end of the transmission fiber 102 are respectively fixed on a fiber inlet 207 and a fiber outlet 208.
Namely, the m-FBG array 104 of the micro fiber Bragg array sensing unit 1 is placed in the detection groove 204. The two ends of the transmission fiber 102 of the micro fiber bragg array sensing unit 1 are respectively fixed on the detection groove 204 through a fiber inlet 207 and a fiber outlet 208, the m-FBG array 104 in the middle of the transmission fiber 102 is arranged at the bottom of the detection groove 204, when micro-fluid containing bacteria samples flows through the region, the micro fiber bragg array sensing unit 1 in the region is influenced, further the drift of the wavelength of the transmission peak in the transmission spectrum of the m-FBG array 104 is influenced, and the concentration and the type of the detected bacteria are determined by establishing a wavelength drift model.
Example 2
A method for rapidly detecting multiple biological components using the cascaded m-FBG multiple biological component sensing system of example 1, comprising the steps of: fluid containing bacteria to be detected flows in from a micro-flow inlet 202 of a micro-flow groove 2011 through a micro-flow groove unit 2 and flows into a detection groove 204 through a flow guide groove I203, a micro fiber Bragg array sensing unit 1 is placed in the detection groove 204, and when the bacteria flow through the detection groove 204, the bacteria are combined with an antibody on the m-FBG 104 to cause drift of a transmission spectrum (a reflection spectrum) in the micro fiber Bragg array sensing unit 1, as shown in FIG. 3.
In this embodiment, antibodies corresponding to antigens to be detected are respectively modified in different grating regions, so that detection of one antigen corresponding to one transmission peak can be realized. The modification of antibodies in the grating region is a conventional technical means in the art, for example, the detection of coliform bacteria can be carried out by aminating the surface of the optical fiber with trimethoxy silane, then fixing the monoclonal antibody of coliform bacteria on the surface of the m-FBG by using glutaraldehyde as a cross-linking agent, and for salmonella, fixing the biotin-avidin thereof on the surface system of the m-FBG to resist the adhesin, so that the coliform bacteria and the salmonella can be detected simultaneously.
Example 3
A method for rapidly detecting multiple biological components using the cascaded m-FBG multiple biological component sensing system of example 1, comprising the steps of: microfluid containing a carcinoembryonic antibody to be detected flows in from a microfluidic inlet 202 of a microfluidic groove 2011 through a microfluidic groove unit 2 and flows into a detection groove 204 through a diversion groove I203, a micro fiber Bragg array sensing unit 1 is arranged in the detection groove 204, and when the carcinoembryonic antibody flows through the detection groove 204, the carcinoembryonic antibody is combined with an antibody on the m-FBG 104, so that the drift of a transmission spectrum (reflection spectrum) in the micro fiber Bragg array sensing unit 1 is caused.
In this embodiment, the cascaded m-FBG multi-biological component sensing system is utilized to simultaneously detect several different tumor marker indexes, including carcinoembryonic antigen CEA, alpha-fetoprotein AFP, cancer antigen CA19-9, carbohydrate antigen CA242, and tissue polypeptide antigen TPA, and modify the carcinoembryonic antigen CEA, alpha-fetoprotein AFP, cancer antigen CA19-9, carbohydrate antigen CA242, and tissue polypeptide antigen TPA, in 5 different grating regions of the m-FBG by a conventional method, as shown in fig. 4. The type of tumor is determined by simultaneously detecting the above tumor markers, for example, when CA19-9, CA242 and CEA are simultaneously detected, it indicates that the tumor may exist in colon system, and further, the disease condition analysis is assisted according to the detected quantity and proportion of various antibodies.
The invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, which are intended to illustrate the use of the invention in detail, and functionally equivalent production methods and technical details are part of the disclosure. In fact, a person skilled in the art, on the basis of the preceding description, will be able to find different modifications according to his own needs, which modifications are intended to be within the scope of the claims appended hereto.
Claims (10)
1. A cascaded m-FBG multi-biological component sensing system is characterized by mainly comprising a micro fiber Bragg grating array sensing unit (1) and a micro-flow groove unit (2):
the micro fiber Bragg array sensing unit (1) mainly comprises a light source (101), a detector (106) and a transmission fiber (102) arranged between the light source and the detector, wherein a tapered area (103) is arranged on the transmission fiber (102), an m-FBG array (104) is arranged on the tapered area (103), and a plurality of different biological component modification antibodies (105) are arranged on the outer surface of the m-FBG array (104);
the microflow groove unit (2) mainly comprises a microflow groove (2011) and a cover plate (2012) arranged on the microflow groove (2011), a detection groove (204) is arranged in the micro flow groove (2011), a diversion groove I (203) and a diversion groove II (205) are respectively arranged on two opposite sides of the detection groove (204), the surface of the cover plate (2012) is provided with a micro-flow inlet (202) and a micro-flow outlet (206), the micro-flow inlet (202) is connected with the inlet end of the detection groove (204) through the flow guide groove I (203), the micro-flow outlet (206) is connected with the outflow end of the detection groove (204) through the flow guide groove II (205), the two opposite side walls of the detection groove (204) are respectively provided with an optical fiber inlet (207) and an optical fiber outlet (208), the heights of the optical fiber inlet (207) and the optical fiber outlet (208) are higher than the liquid level in the detection tank (204);
an m-FBG array (104) with a modified antibody (105) on a tapering region (103) of the transmission fiber (102) is arranged in the detection groove (204), and the incident end and the emergent end of the transmission fiber (102) are respectively fixed on the fiber inlet (207) and the fiber outlet (208).
2. The cascaded m-FBG multiple biological component sensing system of claim 1, wherein: the light source (101) is a near-infrared broadband light source for communication, the spectral range of the light source covers the spectral range of the m-FBG array (104), the spectral range of the m-FBG array is 1400-1700 nm, and the light source (101) is connected to the incident end of the transmission optical fiber (102).
3. The cascaded m-FBG multiple biological component sensing system of claim 1, wherein: the transmission fiber (102) is a standard SMF28 single mode fiber, the incident end of the transmission fiber is connected with the light source (101), and the emergent end of the transmission fiber is connected with the detector (106).
4. The cascaded m-FBG multiple biological component sensing system of claim 1, wherein: the tapered region (103) is a micro-fiber structure formed by drawing on the transmission fiber (102) by adopting a flame heating method.
5. The cascaded m-FBG multiple biological component sensing system of claim 1, wherein: the m-FBG array (104) is written on the tapered region (103) by adopting an excimer laser of an ultraviolet band or femtosecond laser lithography.
6. The cascaded m-FBG multi-biocomponent sensing system of claim 5, wherein: the grating period of each m-FBG on the m-FBG array (104) is different and is used for distinguishing the spectral response characteristics of different detected microbial components, specifically, the m-FBGs with different grating periods are written on the tapering region (103) at one time to form the m-FBG array (104), and the grating period is determined according to the type of the microbe to be detected and the type of the antibody to be used.
7. The cascaded m-FBG multiple biological component sensing system of claim 1, wherein: the modified antibodies (105) are modified on the outer surface of the m-FBG array (104) by conventional chemical methods, and different modified antibodies (105) are modified on different gratings on the m-FBG array (104) for simultaneously detecting different microorganisms; the modified antibodies (105) include but are not limited to antibodies that are common to bacteria and viruses causing respiratory diseases, digestive diseases, or substances that specifically react with tumor markers.
8. The cascaded m-FBG multiple biological component sensing system of claim 1, wherein: the detector (106) is a spectrum analyzer with the wavelength of 1400nm-1700nm and is connected to the emergent end of the transmission optical fiber (102).
9. The cascaded m-FBG multiple biological component sensing system of claim 1, wherein: the microflow groove (2011) is a rectangular container, the microflow inlet (202) is cylindrical, and is in a buckling mode with an opening (20121) fixed connection on the cover plate (2012), the lower end of the microflow inlet (202) is communicated with the inflow end of the diversion groove I (203), and is positioned right above the inflow end of the diversion groove I (203), the diversion groove I (203) is a cylindrical diversion groove and is positioned on one side of the detection groove (204), the outflow end of the diversion groove I (203) is communicated with the inflow end of the detection groove (204), the detection groove (204) is a cuboid container, the m-FBG array (104) is arranged at the bottom of the detection groove (204), the diversion groove II (206) is cylindrical and is positioned on the opposite side of the detection groove (204), and the inflow end of the diversion groove is connected with the outflow end of the detection groove (204), the outflow end of the micro-flow outlet (206) is connected with the micro-flow outlet (206), the micro-flow outlet (206) is cylindrical and is fixedly connected with an opening (20122) in the cover plate (2012) in a buckling mode, and the lower end of the micro-flow outlet (206) is connected with the outflow end of the flow guide groove II (205) and is positioned right above the inflow end of the flow guide groove II (205).
10. A method for rapid detection of multiple biological components using the sensing system of any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein: the fluid containing the microorganism to be detected flows in from a micro-flow inlet (202) of the micro-flow groove unit (2) and flows into the detection groove (204) through a flow guide groove I (203), an m-FBG array (104) is arranged in the detection groove (204), when the fluid containing the microorganism flows through the detection groove (204), the antigen of the microorganism is combined with a modified antibody (105) on the m-FBG array (104), and the variety and the number of different microorganisms are detected simultaneously according to the spectral change in the micro optical fiber array sensing unit (1).
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