CN113504027B - Method for manufacturing aeroelastic wind tunnel test model of wind turbine blade - Google Patents

Method for manufacturing aeroelastic wind tunnel test model of wind turbine blade Download PDF

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CN113504027B
CN113504027B CN202110931276.1A CN202110931276A CN113504027B CN 113504027 B CN113504027 B CN 113504027B CN 202110931276 A CN202110931276 A CN 202110931276A CN 113504027 B CN113504027 B CN 113504027B
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wind turbine
turbine blade
aeroelastic
section
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CN113504027A (en
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柯世堂
吴鸿鑫
陆曼曼
高沐恩
田文鑫
杨杰
任贺贺
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Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for manufacturing a wind turbine blade aeroelastic wind tunnel test model, which comprises a reasonable simplified similarity criterion of a wind turbine blade aeroelastic model, a method for designing an equivalent section of the aeroelastic model and a method for manufacturing a frame section/coat of the aeroelastic model. Firstly, deducing a reasonable simplification similarity criterion of a wind turbine blade aeroelastic model based on motion equivalence; then, a variational progressive equivalent section method is provided to design a high-precision equivalent wind power blade model special-shaped section, and the aeroelastic model design of blade aeroelastic model pneumatic-rigidity-quality scale mapping is realized; and finally, obtaining a aeroelastic model frame section by means of high-precision 3D printing, and completing the production of the aeroelastic model frame section/coat by means of single-point splicing of the full-length model by the connecting ribs, filling of a light wood piece polishing coat in the hollow area, pasting of a counterweight lead piece on the rear edge, pasting of a rough strip on the front edge and filling of sponge in gaps. The invention makes up the defects of the existing method for designing and manufacturing the aeroelastic model of the wind turbine blade at home and abroad.

Description

Method for manufacturing aeroelastic wind tunnel test model of wind turbine blade
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wind tunnel tests, and particularly relates to a method for manufacturing a wind turbine blade aeroelastic wind tunnel test model.
Background
Under the development of the current wind turbine generator with ultra-high power, the trend of ultra-long flexible refining of the wind turbine blades is remarkable, the problem of blade aeroelastic wind vibration caused by the structure/pneumatic double nonlinearity is prominent, and related wind turbine blade wind damage events occur frequently. The aeroelastic wind tunnel test is an effective mode for researching strong nonlinear aeroelastic motion mechanism and modal energy gathering characteristic, is a well-known, feasible and effective important means in the field of the existing wind engineering, and is mature and applied to large-span bridges, high-rise buildings, large-span space structures and individual special structures. However, the wind turbine blade is limited by structural factors such as a gradual change continuous wing section, a composite laying layer and main beam integrated stress structure, a continuous length change characteristic and pre-bending of a three-center-one shaft (a mass center, a shear center, a geometric center and a neutral axis), and test factors such as difficulty in measuring point arrangement, strong acquisition interference, low measurement precision and the like caused by an exaggerated aspect ratio of a blade model with a large scale ratio.
The aeroelastic wind tunnel test model needs to simulate the structural characteristics of the structure such as mass, rigidity, damping and the like, and simultaneously needs a wind tunnel flow field and an actual wind field to follow the same flow differential equation, so that the fluid motion scale is similar. Due to the complexity of actual flow, it is impossible to realize that the scaled wind tunnel test simultaneously satisfies all similar criteria, and the existing similar theory generally deduces the decisive similar criteria of the structure type based on the main acting force of the actual flow process. The existing manufacturing methods of aeroelastic models with different structures have large difference, and no acknowledged aeroelastic model manufacturing method can consider simplicity, accuracy and universality of model manufacturing.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a wind turbine blade aeroelastic wind tunnel test model manufacturing method aiming at the defects of the prior art, and overcomes the defects of the existing wind turbine blade aeroelastic model design and manufacturing methods at home and abroad.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a wind turbine blade aeroelastic wind tunnel test model manufacturing method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step one, deducing a wind turbine blade aeroelastic model based on motion equivalence to reasonably simplify a similarity criterion;
step two, taking the equivalent section design method as the wind turbine blade aeroelastic model equivalent section design method,
and step three, taking the aeroelastic model frame section/coat manufacturing method as a wind turbine blade aeroelastic model manufacturing method, and further manufacturing a wind turbine blade aeroelastic wind tunnel test model.
The further optimization scheme of the invention is as follows:
in the first step, the reasonable simplification similarity criterion comprises wind speed ratio, time ratio and frequency ratio which are derived by fluid motion similarity; density ratio and damping ratio required by the same dimensionless parameter; the structure motion is similar to the derived mass ratio and stiffness ratio.
And in the second step, the wind turbine blade aeroelastic model equivalent section design method comprises the steps of obtaining the waving, swinging and twisting three-way rigidity of the composite material blade based on composite section analysis, and obtaining an aeroelastic wind tunnel test model structure meeting the three-way scale rigidity and three-center-to-one-axis requirements based on topological optimization equivalent section design.
In the third step, the aeroelastic model frame section/coat manufacturing method comprises the steps of 3D printing aeroelastic model frame sections in a segmented mode, completing splicing of full-length structural frame sections through connecting ribs, achieving pneumatic appearance sealing after enclosure filling, and finally completing manufacturing of a wind turbine blade aeroelastic wind tunnel test model after pneumatic compensation measures.
And in the second step, designing an equivalent section by adopting a through long beam frame, a rigid main beam or an enclosure frame section.
The fluid motion is similar to that of the following: the air in the flow field of the wind turbine blade is low-speed, incompressible and Newtonian viscous flow, and the fluid motion equation is as follows:
Figure BDA0003211319220000021
in the formula ui(i is 1, 2, 3) in a rectangular coordinate system x (x), respectively1)，y(x2)，z(x3) A directional fluid motion velocity component; f. ofiIn a rectangular coordinate system x (x)1)，y(x2)，z(x3) A directional fluid force; ρ is the air density; p is the pressure intensity; v is the dynamic viscosity of air, and v is mu/rho; x (x)1)，y(x2)，z(x3) Respectively, the three main axial directions of the rectangular coordinate system.
Reference symbol λXX representing a modelmOf the same entity as XaRatio of (i.e.. lambda.)X＝Xm/XaVariables with x are model variables, prototype variables without x, λt、λ1、λu、λf、λvAnd λρThe ratios of time, geometry, speed, additional external force, dynamic viscosity and density are constant respectively. The relationship between the prototype and model physical quantities and the equation of motion of the fluid can be expressed by the following equation:
Figure BDA0003211319220000022
Figure BDA0003211319220000023
multiply all terms of the equation by
Figure BDA0003211319220000024
Obtaining:
Figure BDA0003211319220000025
to ensure the similarity of the prototype and model fluid movements, the ratio of the physical quantities should satisfy:
Figure BDA0003211319220000031
therefore, dimensionless parameters of wind turbine blade aeroelastic wind tunnel test fluid motion similarity criteria are as follows:
Figure BDA0003211319220000032
namely, it is
Figure BDA0003211319220000033
St is the Strahaha number, and if the Straha numbers of the two flows are equal, the unsteady inertial force of the fluid is similar; for periodic unsteady flow, reflecting the similarity of the periodicity;
Figure BDA0003211319220000034
namely, it is
Figure BDA0003211319220000035
Re is Reynolds number; if the Reynolds numbers of the two flows are equal, the viscous forces of the fluids are similar; for turbulent flow with a large Reynolds number, the inertia force plays a dominant role, and the viscous force is relatively small;
Figure BDA0003211319220000036
namely, it is
Figure BDA0003211319220000037
Fr is Froude number; if the Froude numbers of the two flows are equal, the flowing gravity effects are similar, and the effect of gravity on the fluid is reflected; if the fluid is subjected to a mass force of gravity only, f ═ g, then
Figure BDA0003211319220000038
Namely, it is
Figure BDA0003211319220000039
Eu is Euler number.
In the second step, on the basis of obtaining the three-dimensional rigidity of waving, swinging and twisting of the composite material blade based on the composite section analysis, the wind turbine blade equivalent section design method establishes a wind turbine blade full-scale finite element model considering anisotropic composite laying materials, pre-bending of the blade, main beams, webs and special-shaped gluing and bonding details, and accurately solves the section characteristics of the wind turbine blade. And then, scaling conversion of the target section characteristics of the aeroelastic model of the wind turbine blade is carried out on the basis of the reasonable simplification similarity criterion of the aeroelastic model of the wind turbine blade. On the basis, the outer contour of a model target and the characteristics of the target section are taken as section design targets, the local size of the section and the component division are iteratively adjusted through a section topology optimization design method, and the gradual variation equivalent section of the aeroelastic model along the spanwise direction is obtained.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) the method is suitable for designing and manufacturing the high-precision model for the wind turbine blade aeroelastic wind tunnel test.
2) The method can consider the similarity of the aeroelastic model reduced scales of the multi-order modes of the wind turbine blades, and accurately acquire the overall and local wind vibration characteristics.
3) The wind turbine blade aeroelastic model is manufactured by adopting wind turbine blade equivalent section topological optimization design and 3D high-precision printing, and has the advantages of short period, low manufacturing cost and higher precision.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for designing and manufacturing a gas bomb model according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structural design of a model case of a gas bomb according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram comparing the structural rigidity distribution of the aeroelastic model case of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a process for making a model case of a gas bomb in accordance with the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a variation progressive equivalent cross-section method.
Wherein the reference numerals are: the nylon connecting element comprises a nylon front edge 1, a nylon rear edge 2, nylon purlines 3, nylon connecting elements 4, sponge gaps 5, counterweight lead bars 6, frame section connecting ribs 7 and a fixedly connected base 8.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention discloses a wind turbine blade aeroelastic wind tunnel test model and a manufacturing method thereof. Firstly, deducing a reasonable simplification similarity criterion of a wind turbine blade aeroelastic model based on motion equivalence; then, a variational progressive equivalent section method (VPES) is provided to design a high-precision equivalent wind power blade model special-shaped section, and the aeroelastic model design of the blade aeroelastic model pneumatic-rigidity-quality scale mapping is realized; and finally, obtaining a aeroelastic model frame section by means of high-precision 3D printing, splicing the full-length model by connecting ribs, filling a pneumatic coat in the hollow area, pasting a balance weight lead sheet on the rear edge, pasting a rough strip on the front edge and filling a gap to finish the production of the aeroelastic model frame section/coat.
The wind turbine blade aeroelastic model reasonably simplifies the similarity criterion: the design and the manufacture of the aeroelastic model of the wind turbine blade are very difficult, the requirements of similar aerodynamic appearance, similar structural inherent modes and same damping characteristics are met, and the consistent similarity of dimensionless parameters such as Storehal number (St), Reynolds number (Re), Froude number (Fr), Cauchi number (Ca), density ratio, damping ratio and the like is generally required. Reynolds number similarity in actual scale test is difficult to satisfy, and the existing research finds that due to the self-modulus characteristic of the flow field, when Re of the aeroelasticity test is larger than 4 multiplied by 105Then, the turbulence degree and the flow velocity distribution of the flow field are not changed along with the increase of Re, and an artificial transition can be performed to meet the Reynolds number effect equivalence. In the structural wind vibration motion equation, the elastic modulus and the structural section characteristic are combined to be embodied by rigidity, so that the structural wind vibration motion equation is equivalent to the structural wind vibration motion equation by the similarity of the rigidity. The gravity action of the flow of the Froude number reaction is similar, and the Froude number reaction can be ignored when the Froude number reaction is difficult to meet because the gravity action only plays a secondary influence in the fluid-solid coupling response of the vertical wind power blade under the shutdown working condition. The wind power blade aeroelastic model is designed based on the simplified similarity criterion, only the reduced scale similarity of geometric parameters, mass, rigidity and damping ratio of the appearance is required to be met, and the model integral rigidity distribution similarity design method adopts the natural vibration frequency, the modal vibration mode and the mass distribution of a simulation structure. Considering wind power blade aeroelastic wind tunnel test working condition and boundary layer wind tunnel blockage filtering requirement, selecting the geometric scale ratio of the model as CLAnd (3) calculating the rest dimensionless parameters by using a similarity criterion, wherein the rest dimensionless parameters are obtained by calculating, and a reasonable simplified similarity criterion list of the specific wind turbine blade aeroelastic model is given in the table 1.
TABLE 1 reasonable simplified similarity criterion list of wind turbine blade aeroelastic model
Figure BDA0003211319220000051
The method for designing the equivalent section of the aeroelastic model comprises the following steps: the bearing capacity of the real wind turbine blade is provided by an integrated structure of the composite laying layer and the main beam, and the wind turbine blade aeroelastic model cannot adopt a rigid main beam-airfoil frame section aeroelastic model manufacturing method of the traditional wing due to the structural characteristics of the three-core shaft (the mass center, the shear center, the geometric center and the neutral shaft) such as the continuous change characteristic of the span length and the pre-bending. Considering the similarity accuracy and the manufacturing difficulty comprehensively, the present embodiment provides a Variable Progressive Equivalent Section (VPES) method for the aeroelastic model manufacturing of the wind turbine blade. The method is characterized in that a variational progressive beam section method (VABS) is introduced to aeroelastic model design, the three-way (waving, swinging and twisting) rigidity spanwise distribution rule of a real composite layer wind power blade is extracted, then rigidity scaling is carried out, and then the aeroelastic model sectional design with the most consistent three-way rigidity is completed through iterative optimization.
The method for manufacturing the aeroelastic model frame section/coat comprises the following steps: the model making is based on polyamide fiber materials (nylon) and adopts 3D printing to make a frame section of the aeroelastic model, and connecting rib insertion piers are preset at two ends of the frame section for segmented embedded connection. When the section of the aeroelastic model of the wind turbine blade is designed into a beam frame consisting of a front edge and a rear edge which are encircled to form an airfoil shape and upper and lower purlins, wherein the bearing capacity of the aeroelastic model of the blade is provided by a full-length front edge and the upper and lower purlins, the specific size and the airfoil position are determined by iterative design, the rear edge of a frame section is paved with lead sheets to complete the adjustment of the centroid and the rotational inertia of the section, and high-density foam is filled in a subsection gap to perform damping compensation and prevent collision in the vibration process to increase additional rigidity; for the model subsection that the tip tail end is limited by the thickness and the section design cannot be realized, the model subsection is formed by connecting a rigidity force section and an appearance wing section, and high-density foam is filled in gaps. The hollow area between the front and rear edges of the wing-shaped frame section nylon and the upper and lower purlines is filled with light wood chips and polished, so that the pneumatic appearance is closed.
The wind turbine blade aeroelastic model reasonably simplifies dimensionless parameters of a similarity criterion: the motion similarity of the aeroelastic wind tunnel test needs to simultaneously meet the similarity of fluid motion and structure motion.
1) The fluid motion is similar, the air in the flow field of the wind turbine blade is low-speed, incompressible and Newtonian viscous flow, and the fluid motion equation is
Figure BDA0003211319220000061
In the formula ui(i is 1, 2, 3) in a rectangular coordinate system x (x), respectively1)，y(x2)，z(x3) A directional fluid motion velocity component; f. ofiIn a rectangular coordinate system x (x)1)，y(x2)，z(x3) A directional fluid force; ρ is the air density; p is the pressure intensity; v is the dynamic viscosity of air, and v is mu/rho; x (x)1)，y(x2)，z(x3) Respectively, the three main axial directions of the rectangular coordinate system.
Reference symbol λXX representing a modelmX of same objectaRatio of (i.e.. lambda.)x＝Xm/XaVariables with x are model variables, prototype variables without x, λt、λ1、λu、λf、λvAnd λρThe ratios of time, geometry, speed, additional external force, dynamic viscosity and density are constant respectively. The relationship between the prototype and model physical quantities and the equation of motion of the fluid can be expressed by the following equation:
Figure BDA0003211319220000062
Figure BDA0003211319220000063
multiply all terms of the equation by
Figure BDA0003211319220000064
Obtaining:
Figure BDA0003211319220000065
to ensure the similarity of the prototype and model fluid movements, the ratio of the physical quantities should satisfy:
Figure BDA0003211319220000066
therefore, dimensionless parameters of wind turbine blade aeroelastic wind tunnel test fluid motion similarity criteria are as follows:
Figure BDA0003211319220000067
namely that
Figure BDA0003211319220000068
St is the strouha number, and if the strouha numbers of the two flows are equal, the unsteady inertial forces of the fluids are similar. For periodic unsteady flows, the similarity of their periodicity is reflected.
Figure BDA0003211319220000069
Namely that
Figure BDA00032113192200000610
Re is Reynolds number. If the reynolds numbers of the two flows are equal, the viscous forces of the fluids are similar. For turbulent flows with large reynolds numbers, inertial forces dominate, viscous forces are relatively small, and the requirement for equal reynolds numbers can be relatively relaxed.
Figure BDA0003211319220000071
Namely, it is
Figure BDA0003211319220000072
Fr is Froude number. If the Froude numbers of the two flows are equal, the gravity action of the flows is similar, and the action of the gravity on the flows is reflected. If the fluid is subjected to only gravity, f ═ f*When the result is g, then
Figure BDA0003211319220000073
Namely, it is
Figure BDA0003211319220000074
Eu is Euler number. The pressure in the fluid is not an inherent physical property of the fluid and its value depends on other parameters and therefore is not a similar norm but a function of other similar norms, i.e. the euler number is not a similar condition but a similar result.
2) The structure motion is similar, and the flutter motion equation of the aeroelastic model structure of the wind turbine blade is as follows:
[-ω2M+(1+ig)K-1/2ρV2bA]q＝0
in the formula (I); omega is the flutter frequency, unit 1/s; m is generalized mass in kg; k is generalized stiffness, in N/m; g is a damping coefficient, dimensionless; rho is the atmospheric density in kg/m2(ii) a V is the flying speed, unit m/s; b is a reference length, in m; a is a generalized aerodynamic coefficient without dimension; q is the generalized coordinate, m.
Reference symbol λXX representing a modelmOf the same entity as XaRatio of (i.e.. lambda.)x＝Xm/XaThen the equation of motion of the model can be written as:
Figure BDA0003211319220000075
in order to ensure the similarity of the structure motion of the prototype and the model, the ratio of the physical quantities needs to satisfy the following conditions:
Figure BDA0003211319220000076
to satisfy the above formula, λ is requiredg1; if the flow field of the model and the object meets the condition that the flow motion is similar, lambda is determinedA＝1。
Figure BDA0003211319220000077
Considering that the reduction frequency is the same, λbλω/λV1, so that the dimensionless parameters of the aeroelastic wind tunnel test structure motion similarity criterion of the wind turbine blade are as follows:
the mass ratio is as follows:
Figure BDA0003211319220000078
the stiffness ratio is:
Figure BDA0003211319220000079
a Variational progressive equivalent section method (VPES) of the method for designing an equivalent section of a gas-bomb model: based on the existing section characteristic calculation method (variational progressive beam section analysis method, VABS method) of the composite material blade of the large wind turbine, a wind turbine blade aeroelastic model design method (variational progressive equivalent section method, VPES) is provided. Firstly, establishing a wind turbine blade full-scale finite element model considering all details of anisotropic composite layer materials, prebending of blades, main beams, webs, special-shaped gluing and bonding and the like by means of a VABS method, and accurately solving the section characteristics of the wind turbine blade. And then, scaling conversion of the target section characteristics of the aeroelastic model of the wind turbine blade is carried out on the basis of the reasonable simplification similarity criterion of the aeroelastic model of the wind turbine blade. On the basis, the outer contour of a model target and the characteristics of the target section are taken as section design targets, the local size of the section and the component division are iteratively adjusted through a section topology optimization design method, and the gradual variation equivalent section of the aeroelastic model along the spanwise direction is obtained. Fig. 5 shows a schematic diagram of the variation progressive equivalent section method (VPES).
The following is explained with a specific example:
the embodiment takes a 15 MW-level ultra-long flexible wind power blade pre-developed by the American renewable energy laboratory (NREL) as a research object. The power generated by the concept level wind turbine is 15MW, and the concept level wind turbine is a world maximum power wind turbine which can be found at present. The diameter of a wind wheel is 240m, the height of a hub is 150m, the total length of a blade is 117m, the maximum chord length is 5.77m, the length is 27.2m (23.3%) of the extension, the blade is pre-bent by 4m, and the blade is designed by adopting a DTU FFA-W3 airfoil family. The blade mass 65.252t, the blade centroid at 26.8m, and Table 2 gives a short profile of the geometry of the ultra-long compliant blade.
Table 215 MW level wind turbine blade geometric parameter list
Figure BDA0003211319220000081
The method for designing and manufacturing the aeroelastic model shown in the figure 1 is adopted, and the section design of the equivalent beam is carried out according to the reasonable simplified similarity criterion of the aeroelastic model of the wind turbine blade and the aeroelastic model equivalent section design method.
The schematic structural design diagram of the aeroelastic model case shown in fig. 2 is that the scale ratio is 1: 70. the adopted section design types are a beam frame mode and a wind turbine blade aeroelastic wind tunnel test model with the height of 1.67m printed by nylon 3D segmentation. The aeroelastic model of the wind turbine blade comprises a nylon front edge 1, a nylon rear edge 2, nylon purlines 3, nylon connecting elements 4, sponge gaps 5, counterweight lead strips 6, frame section connecting ribs 7 and a fixedly connected base 8.
According to the thickness of the blade, the aeroelastic model of the wind turbine blade is divided into two parts along the spanwise direction, namely a beam frame section part and a blade tip connecting element part. In the beam frame section, the thickness of the blade is divided into three parts of a front edge 1, a rear edge 2 and a purline 3, the front edge and the purline are used as stress beam frames to provide flapping, swinging and torsional rigidity, and a torsional center is determined. The blade tip connecting element part is formed by connecting a front edge 1, a rear edge 2 and a connecting element 4, wherein the front edge, the rear edge and the connecting element are limited by thickness, high-density foam is filled in gaps of the connecting element, and the connecting element is used as a stress section to provide swinging, swinging and torsion rigidity and determine a torsion center. Wherein the leading edge shape size, the purlin shape size and its position are determined by iterative optimization. And a counterweight lead strip 6 is laid on the rear edge 2 of each frame section to complete the adjustment of the mass center and the rotational inertia of the section, and a high-density sponge is filled in the segmented sponge gap 5 to perform damping compensation and prevent collision in the vibration process so as to increase the additional rigidity.
A comparative illustration of structural rigidity distribution of a aeroelastic model case as depicted in fig. 3.
The schematic diagram of the process for making the aeroelastic model case is shown in fig. 4. The model is manufactured by 3D printing based on polyamide fiber materials (nylon), the frame section of the aeroelastic model is manufactured, and the frame section splicing is realized by inserting piers for frame section connecting ribs 7 preset at two ends of the frame section and performing segmented embedded connection. The hollow area between the front and rear edges of the wing-shaped frame section nylon and the upper and lower purlines is filled with light wood chips for polishing, so that the pneumatic shape is ensured to be closed. And finally, completing the aeroelastic wind tunnel test model manufacture of the wind turbine blade after the compensation measure of the rough strip at the front edge and the paint spraying.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and all technical solutions belonging to the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art without departing from the principles of the present invention may be apparent to those skilled in the relevant art and are intended to be within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. A method for manufacturing a wind turbine blade aeroelastic wind tunnel test model is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step one, deducing a reasonable simplified similarity criterion of a wind turbine blade aeroelastic model based on motion equivalence;
step two, taking the equivalent section design method as the wind turbine blade aeroelastic model equivalent section design method,
step three, taking a method for manufacturing a frame section or a coat of the aeroelastic model of the wind turbine blade as a method for manufacturing the aeroelastic model of the wind turbine blade, and further manufacturing an aeroelastic wind tunnel test model of the wind turbine blade;
in the first step, the reasonable simplification similarity criterion comprises wind speed ratio, time ratio and frequency ratio which are derived by fluid motion similarity; density ratio and damping ratio required by the same dimensionless parameter; mass ratio and stiffness ratio similarly derived for structural motion;
in the second step, the wind turbine blade aeroelastic model equivalent section design method comprises the steps of obtaining the waving, swinging and twisting three-way rigidity of the composite material blade based on the analysis of the composite section, and obtaining the wind turbine blade aeroelastic model structure meeting the three-way reduced scale rigidity and the three-center-to-one shaft requirement based on the topological optimization equivalent section design;
in the third step, the method for manufacturing the aeroelastic model frame section or the coat of the wind turbine blade comprises the steps of 3D printing the aeroelastic model frame section of the wind turbine blade in a segmented mode, completing splicing of the full-length structural frame section through connecting ribs, realizing pneumatic appearance closure after enclosure filling, and finally completing the manufacturing of the aeroelastic wind tunnel test model of the wind turbine blade after a pneumatic compensation measure;
in the second step, the equivalent section design is carried out by adopting a through long beam frame, a rigid main beam or an enclosure frame section;
the fluid motion is similar to that of the prior art, specifically: the air in the flow field of the wind turbine blade is low-speed, incompressible and Newtonian viscous flow, and the fluid motion equation is as follows:
Figure FDA0003649260160000011
in the formula, xiThe method comprises the following steps of (1) taking the direction of a main axis of a first coordinate system of a Laplace operator in a fluid motion equation generalized expression; x is the number ofjThe second coordinate system main axis direction of the Laplace operator in the fluid motion equation generalized expression is shown, wherein i, j is 1, 2 and 3 are coordinate system serial numbers; u. ofiThe fluid motion velocity components in the x, y and z directions of a rectangular coordinate system are respectively; t is time; f. ofiThe fluid external force is in the x, y and z directions of a rectangular coordinate system; ρ is the air density; p is the pressure intensity; nu is the dynamic viscosity of air, nu is mu/rho, and mu is the kinematic viscosity of air; x, y and z are three main axial directions of a rectangular coordinate system respectively;
reference symbol λXX of the representation modelmX of the same prototypeaRatio of (i.e.. lambda.)X＝Xm/XaWherein X ismIs the value of the model variable X; xaFor the values of the actual variables X, variables with X are model variables, prototype variables without X, andt、λl、λu、λf、λvand λρThe ratios of time, geometry, speed, additional external force, dynamic viscosity and density are constant respectively; prototype and model objectThe relationship between the quantities and the equation of motion of the fluid can be expressed as
t＝λtt*，
Figure FDA0003649260160000013
P＝λpP*，f＝λff*，ν＝λνν*，ρ＝λρρ*
Figure FDA0003649260160000012
Multiply all terms of the equation by
Figure FDA0003649260160000021
Obtaining:
Figure FDA0003649260160000022
to ensure the similarity of the prototype and model fluid movements, the ratio of the physical quantities should satisfy:
Figure FDA0003649260160000023
therefore, dimensionless parameters of wind turbine blade aeroelastic wind tunnel test fluid motion similarity criteria are as follows:
Figure FDA0003649260160000024
namely, it is
Figure FDA0003649260160000025
St is the Strahaha number, and if the Straha numbers of the two flows are equal, the unsteady inertial force of the fluid is similar; for periodic unsteady flow, reflecting the similarity of the periodicity;
Figure FDA0003649260160000026
namely, it is
Figure FDA0003649260160000027
Re is Reynolds number; if the Reynolds numbers of the two flows are equal, the viscous forces of the fluids are similar; for turbulent flow with large Reynolds number, the inertia force plays a leading role, and the viscous force is relatively small;
Figure FDA0003649260160000028
namely, it is
Figure FDA0003649260160000029
Fr is Froude number; if the Froude numbers of the two flows are equal, the flowing gravity effects are similar, and the effect of gravity on the fluid is reflected; if the fluid is subjected to only gravity, and f is g, then
Figure FDA00036492601600000210
Namely, it is
Figure FDA00036492601600000211
Eu is Euler number.
2. The method for manufacturing the aeroelastic wind tunnel test model of the wind turbine blade according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the second step, on the basis of obtaining the three-dimensional rigidity of waving, swinging and twisting of the composite material blade based on the composite section analysis, the wind turbine blade equivalent section design method establishes a wind turbine blade full-scale finite element model considering anisotropic composite laying materials, pre-bending of the blade, main beams, webs and special-shaped gluing and bonding details, and accurately solves the section characteristics of the wind turbine blade; then, scaling conversion of the target section characteristics of the aeroelastic model of the wind turbine blade is carried out on the basis of the reasonable simplified similarity criterion of the aeroelastic model of the wind turbine blade; on the basis, the outer contour of a model target and the characteristics of a target section are taken as section design targets, the local size of the section and the division of components are iteratively adjusted through a section topology optimization design method, and the gradual variation equivalent section of the aeroelastic model of the wind turbine blade along the spanwise direction is obtained.
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