CN113504018A - Method and system for quickly testing local static stiffness of mechanical structure - Google Patents

Method and system for quickly testing local static stiffness of mechanical structure Download PDF

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CN113504018A
CN113504018A CN202110790175.7A CN202110790175A CN113504018A CN 113504018 A CN113504018 A CN 113504018A CN 202110790175 A CN202110790175 A CN 202110790175A CN 113504018 A CN113504018 A CN 113504018A
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local
modal
static stiffness
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曹友强
周昌水
陈志东
尹文锋
黄应来
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Zhejiang Geely Holding Group Co Ltd
Geely Automobile Research Institute Ningbo Co Ltd
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Zhejiang Geely Holding Group Co Ltd
Geely Automobile Research Institute Ningbo Co Ltd
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    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01MTESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M5/00Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01MTESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M13/00Testing of machine parts

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Abstract

The invention provides a method and a system for quickly testing local static rigidity of a mechanical structure, which aim to solve the problem of poor universality of the existing rigidity test of the local position of the mechanical structure. The method comprises the following steps: mounting a mechanical component to be tested and enabling the mechanical component to be in a free boundary state; determining local test points, and mounting a vibration acceleration sensor on the local test points; respectively carrying out a hammering test on the local test points along the direction X, Y, Z by using a modal force hammer to obtain corresponding vibration acceleration frequency response function signal data of the local test points; importing the vibration acceleration frequency response function signal data into a modal analysis system, and identifying modal information parameters of the vibration acceleration frequency response function signal data; carrying out data processing on the modal information parameters to obtain a modal comprehensive curve; integrating the modal comprehensive curve twice to obtain a dynamic flexibility curve; and acquiring a value of X, Y, Z direction response at 0Hz based on the dynamic compliance curve, and calculating to obtain a static stiffness value of the test local point in the X, Y, Z direction.

Description

Method and system for quickly testing local static stiffness of mechanical structure
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of mechanical property detection of mechanical structures, in particular to a method and a system for quickly testing local static stiffness of a mechanical structure.
Background
The static stiffness of the whole or local mounting point of the mechanical structure is an important parameter for representing the mechanical characteristics of the structure, and the identification and control of the parameter are important for improving the engineering mechanical property of the mechanical structure. In the field of mechanical/automotive engineering, the magnitude of the structural stiffness directly reflects the robustness of the system, having a direct influence on the stress-strain under load. The static rigidity of the mechanical structure is not sufficiently designed and verified, and great challenges are brought to the durability and abnormal sound control of the structure and even the system. However, the traditional mechanical structure static stiffness test method is very complex, a special stiffness test rack needs to be built, a special force loading device is adopted and a special fixture is used for assisting, and the application range of the system is limited by the range of the force loading device. As described in Chinese patent with application number CN202011599069.2 entitled "a method for testing torsional rigidity of front hatch cover of automobile", a special component rigidity test bench, special force loading equipment and a device are required to be built for loading, a displacement sensor is required to be arranged for measuring displacement, and then the static rigidity of the structure is calculated according to the test result. The test preparation and test process is complex, the working efficiency is low, and the test operation reproducibility among different parts is poor. In addition, the existing test method stays in a special test link, namely, an object to be tested is changed, devices and equipment required by test tests are changed accordingly, the test method depends on a special test rack, a special loading device and test precision, the test precision is influenced by a sensor, and structural displacement test representation is complex.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above disadvantages of the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a method and a system for rapidly testing local static stiffness of a mechanical structure, so as to solve the problem of poor versatility of the existing local stiffness test of the mechanical structure.
In order to achieve the above objects and other related objects, the present invention provides a method for rapidly testing local static stiffness of a mechanical structure, comprising the following steps:
mounting a mechanical component to be tested and enabling the mechanical component to be in a free boundary state;
determining local test points, and mounting a vibration acceleration sensor on the local test points;
respectively carrying out a hammering test on the local test points along the direction X, Y, Z by using a modal force hammer, and acquiring corresponding vibration acceleration frequency response function signal data of the local test points;
importing the vibration acceleration frequency response function signal data into a modal analysis system, and identifying modal information parameters of the vibration acceleration frequency response function signal data;
performing data fitting processing on the modal information parameters to obtain a modal comprehensive curve;
integrating the modal comprehensive curve twice to obtain a dynamic flexibility curve;
and acquiring a value of X, Y, Z direction response at 0Hz based on the dynamic compliance curve, and calculating to obtain a static stiffness value of the test local point in the X, Y, Z direction.
In an embodiment of the method for rapidly testing local static stiffness of a mechanical structure, the data fitting process further includes a process of removing rigid body mode and upper residual influence of a free system.
In an embodiment of the method for rapidly testing the local static stiffness of the mechanical structure, after the vibration acceleration frequency response function signal data are imported into a modal analysis system, modal information parameters of the vibration acceleration frequency response function signal data are identified by adopting a modal analysis technology.
In an embodiment of the method for rapidly testing the local static stiffness of the mechanical structure, a modal information parameter capable of highly representing the low-frequency band frequency response characteristic of the test position point is selected for fitting by means of a modal synthesis technology in the data fitting process.
In one embodiment of the method for rapidly testing the local static stiffness of the mechanical structure, the mechanical component to be tested is suspended by an elastic rope so as to be in a free boundary state.
In an embodiment of the method for rapidly testing the local static stiffness of the mechanical structure, the mechanical component to be tested is mounted on the elastic structure to be in a free boundary state.
In an embodiment of the method for rapidly testing local static stiffness of the mechanical structure, the elastic structure is an air spring.
In an embodiment of the method for rapidly testing local static stiffness of a mechanical structure, the value of X, Y, Z direction response at 0Hz is obtained based on a dynamic compliance curve, and the static stiffness value of the tested local point in X, Y, Z direction is obtained through calculation, specifically: and acquiring a numerical value of X, Y, Z direction response at 0Hz based on the dynamic flexibility curve, and calculating to obtain a static stiffness value of the local test point in the X, Y, Z direction by utilizing an inverse relation.
The invention also provides a system for rapidly testing the local static stiffness of the mechanical structure, which comprises: the device comprises an elastic mounting structure, an acceleration sensor, a modal force hammer and a data processing unit. The elastic mounting structure is used for mounting a mechanical component to be tested and keeping the mechanical component to be tested in a free boundary state; the acceleration sensor is arranged on a test point on the mechanical component to be tested; the modal force hammer is used for knocking the test point; and a first signal input port of the data processing unit is electrically connected with a signal output end of the modal force hammer, and a second signal input port of the data processing unit is electrically connected with a signal output end of the acceleration sensor.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the elastic mounting structure includes at least three elastic ropes capable of hoisting the mechanical component to be tested.
In an embodiment of the system for rapidly testing local static stiffness of a mechanical structure, the elastic mounting structure comprises at least three air spring support legs capable of supporting a mechanical component to be tested.
In an embodiment of the system for rapidly testing the local static stiffness of the mechanical structure, the data processing unit comprises a computer, a low-pass filtering module, an A/D conversion module and a Fourier transform module.
In summary, the method and the system for rapidly testing the local static stiffness of the mechanical structure have the following beneficial effects:
1. the mechanical component to be tested can meet the boundary conditions of the modal response test method without designing a special rack.
2. The rigidity information of the local test point of the mechanical component to be tested is knocked by the modal force hammer and is obtained by processing a vibration acceleration pickup response signal arranged at the point without adopting a special loading system and a clamp.
3. The final rigidity value identification of the mechanical component to be tested integrates the modal analysis technology, the signal processing technology, the vibration mechanics theory and other classical vibration signal processing technologies, the method is clear in theory, mature in technology and high in reliability, and uncertain uncontrollable factors such as position errors and measuring point errors of the traditional testing technology can be avoided.
4. The method and the system for rapidly testing the local static stiffness of the mechanical structure do not depend on a special rack, a special loading system and a clamp, are convenient and fast to operate, are not limited by a work place and a testing environment, and have strong technical universality.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an embodiment of a method for rapidly testing local static stiffness of a mechanical structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a theoretical model diagram of the method for rapidly testing local static stiffness of a mechanical structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a rapid local static stiffness testing system for a mechanical structure according to the present invention.
Description of the element reference numerals
100. An elastic mounting structure; 200. an acceleration sensor; 300. a modal force hammer; 400. a data processing unit; 401. a filtering conversion processing unit; 402. a frequency response function processing unit; 403. a computer; 500. a mechanical component to be tested.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to specific embodiments, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be easily understood by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present specification. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways, and its several details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It is to be noted that the features in the following embodiments and examples may be combined with each other without conflict. It is also to be understood that the terminology used in the examples is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Test methods in which specific conditions are not specified in the following examples are generally carried out under conventional conditions or under conditions recommended by the respective manufacturers.
It should be understood that the structures, ratios, sizes, and the like shown in the drawings are only used for matching the disclosure of the present disclosure, and are not used for limiting the conditions of the present disclosure, so that the present disclosure is not limited to the technical essence, and any modifications of the structures, changes of the ratios, or adjustments of the sizes, can still fall within the scope of the present disclosure without affecting the function and the achievable purpose of the present disclosure. In addition, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "middle" and "one" used in the present specification are for clarity of description, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and the relative relationship between the terms and the terms is not to be construed as a scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, the present invention provides a method and a system for rapidly testing local static stiffness of a mechanical structure, in which a vibro-modal response testing method is used, and a hammering test is used to obtain a local vibration frequency response of the structure by using a commonly used vibration acceleration sensor, so as to identify a structural point stiffness testing method. The rigidity identification method is derived based on the traditional modal testing technology, has high technical maturity, convenient and fast operation, no limitation of a working place and a testing environment, strong technical universality and low cost, and can effectively solve the problems that the local rigidity of the existing mechanical structure is tested, the universality is poor and the testing precision is limited by a sensor.
As shown in fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an embodiment of a method for rapidly testing local static stiffness of a mechanical structure according to the present invention. The method for rapidly testing the local static stiffness of the mechanical structure comprises the following steps:
and S1, installing the mechanical component to be tested and enabling the mechanical component to be tested to be in a free boundary state. In this step, as long as the mechanical component to be tested can be in the free boundary state, the installation manner of the mechanical component to be tested is not limited, for example, in an embodiment of the present invention, the mechanical component to be tested is suspended by using an elastic rope to ensure that the mechanical component to be tested is in the free boundary state. The elastic rope may be a spring, a soft rope having elasticity, or the like. In another embodiment of the invention, the mechanical component to be tested is supported by an elastic structure support mode so as to ensure that the mechanical component to be tested is in a free boundary state. The elastic structure can be a supporting structure such as a spring, an elastic body or an air spring. It should be noted that, in order to ensure the stability of the mechanical member to be tested in the free boundary condition, the number of the elastic string hanging points or the spring supporting points should be at least three.
And S2, determining local test points, and installing vibration acceleration sensors on the local test points. In this step, after the local test point is determined, the vibration acceleration sensor may be mounted, and in consideration of the need to strike the local test point, in an example of the present invention, the vibration acceleration sensor is mounted on the other side opposite to the strike point, the mounting manner of the vibration acceleration sensor is not limited, and in order not to damage the mechanical component to be tested, in an embodiment of the present invention, the vibration acceleration sensor is mounted on the other side opposite to the strike point by means of adhesion or suction. In order to ensure that X, Y, Z-direction knocking can be effectively carried out to obtain a X, Y, Z-direction vibration frequency response function, simple auxiliary test fixtures such as various light-weight and high-rigidity bushings and base plates can be added according to local characteristics of a mechanical structure, and after all connecting parts are connected, system debugging is carried out according to vibration frequency response test requirements.
And S3, performing a hammering test on the local test points along the X, Y, Z direction by using a modal force hammer, and acquiring corresponding vibration acceleration frequency response function signal data of the local test points. In this step, a modal force hammer is used to perform a hammering test on the local test points along the direction X, Y, Z, and the signals of the vibration acceleration sensor are collected to obtain the corresponding vibration acceleration frequency response function signal data of the local test points, and when the signals of the vibration acceleration sensor are collected, the signals may be collected by wire or wirelessly, and may be flexibly selected according to the type of the vibration acceleration sensor, which is not limited herein.
And S4, importing the vibration acceleration frequency response function signal data into a modal analysis system, and identifying modal information parameters of the vibration acceleration frequency response function signal data. In this step, the modal Analysis system mas (modal Analysis system) may be based on a hammering method, a sinusoidal slow scanning method, a sinusoidal fast scanning method, a random excitation method, and the like, and a modal Analysis system integrating structure modeling, vibration data acquisition, modal identification, and dynamic stiffness testing is constructed. The software has the advantages of comprehensive functions, convenience in use, easiness in maintenance and friendly interface. After the vibration acceleration frequency response function signal data are imported into a modal analysis system, modal information parameters of the vibration acceleration frequency response function signal data are identified by adopting a modal analysis technology.
And S5, performing data fitting processing on the modal information parameters to obtain a modal comprehensive curve. In this step, in consideration of the accuracy of data, in an embodiment of the method for rapidly testing local static stiffness of a mechanical structure according to the present invention, the data fitting process further includes a process of removing the influence of the rigid body mode and the upper residual error of the free system, and after removing the influence of the rigid body mode and the upper residual error of the free system, a response curve capable of highly characterizing the low-frequency band frequency response characteristic of the test location point is selected by means of a mode synthesis technique to obtain a mode synthesis curve.
And S6, integrating the modal comprehensive curve twice to obtain a dynamic flexibility curve. In this step, two integrations of the modal synthesis curve can be carried out by the computer.
S7, acquiring a value of X, Y, Z direction response at 0Hz based on the dynamic compliance curve, and calculating to obtain a static stiffness value of the test local point in the X, Y, Z direction. In the embodiment of the method for rapidly testing the local static stiffness of the mechanical structure, in the step, a numerical value of X, Y, Z direction response at 0Hz is obtained based on a dynamic compliance curve, and a static stiffness value of the local test point at X, Y, Z direction is calculated by utilizing an inverse relation.
The theoretical basis for obtaining the static stiffness value of the mechanical structure in the method is as follows:
fig. 2 is a theoretical model diagram of the method for rapidly testing local static stiffness of a mechanical structure according to the present invention. The single-degree-of-freedom vibration mechanics system obtains a structural vibration equation according to a classical vibration mechanics theory as follows:
Figure BDA0003160789740000061
wherein M is system mass, C is system structure damping coefficient, and K is system rigidity; x is the vibration response displacement under the excitation F.
Therefore, through Fourier transformation, the frequency response (dynamic compliance) expression function of the system under the excitation F can be obtained:
Figure BDA0003160789740000062
the dynamic stiffness can be derived based on equation (2) as:
K(jω)=-Mω2+iCω+K (3)
it can be seen from equation (3) that the dynamic stiffness value of the structure is equal to the static stiffness K when the frequency ω point is 0 Hz. Therefore, the amplitude of the dynamic stiffness of a certain local position of the structure at 0Hz is obtained through tests, and the static stiffness value of the local position of the structure can be indirectly obtained.
As shown in fig. 3, fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the rapid local static stiffness testing system for a mechanical structure according to the present invention. The invention also provides a system for rapidly testing the local static stiffness of the mechanical structure, which comprises: a resilient mounting structure 100, an acceleration sensor 200, a modal force hammer 300 and a data processing unit 400. Wherein the elastic mounting structure 100 is used for mounting the mechanical component 500 to be tested and keeping the free boundary state; the acceleration sensor 200 is installed on a test point on the mechanical member 500 to be tested, and may be disposed, for example, at the other side with respect to the striking point in order to secure the striking position; a modal force hammer 300 is used to strike the test site; the data processing unit 400 has a first signal input port electrically connected to the signal output terminal of the modal force hammer 300, and a second signal input port electrically connected to the signal output terminal of the acceleration sensor 200. In an embodiment of the present invention, the data processing unit includes a computer 403, a filter conversion processing unit 402, and a frequency response function processing unit 401. The filter conversion processing unit 402 includes a low-pass filter module, an a/D conversion module, and a fourier transform module. It is to be understood that the filter conversion processing unit 402 and the frequency response function processing unit 401 may also be directly provided in the computer 403. The quick test system for the local static stiffness of the mechanical structure can realize quick test of the local static stiffness of various mechanical components to be tested, and is strong in universality and high in test precision.
In the local static stiffness rapid test system of the mechanical structure, the elastic mounting structure can be any suitable structure capable of mounting the mechanical component to be tested in a free boundary state. In an embodiment of the system for rapidly testing local static stiffness of the mechanical structure, the elastic mounting structure comprises at least three air spring support legs capable of supporting the mechanical component to be tested, and the mechanical component to be tested is supported in a manner of being supported by the air spring support legs, so that the mechanical component to be tested is ensured to be in a free boundary state.
It should be noted that the modal force hammer is an important tool for solving the problems of structural dynamics and mechanical vibration, and performing resonance detection, test design, modal test and the like; the application is wide, and the specific structure is not detailed here.
In summary, the method and the system for rapidly testing the local static stiffness of the mechanical structure have the following beneficial effects: 1. the mechanical component to be tested can meet the boundary conditions of the modal response test method without designing a special rack. 2. The rigidity information of the local test point of the mechanical component to be tested is obtained by knocking the point through a modal force hammer and processing a vibration acceleration pickup response signal arranged at the point without adopting special loading equipment and a clamp. 3. The final rigidity value identification of the mechanical component to be tested integrates the modal analysis technology, the signal processing technology, the vibration mechanics theory and other classical vibration signal processing technologies, the method is clear in theory, mature in technology and high in reliability, and uncertain uncontrollable factors such as position errors and measuring point errors of the traditional testing technology can be avoided. 4. The method and the system for rapidly testing the local static stiffness of the mechanical structure do not depend on a special rack, special loading equipment and a clamp, are convenient and fast to operate, are not limited by a work place and a testing environment, and have strong technical universality. Therefore, the invention effectively overcomes some practical problems in the prior art, thereby having high utilization value and use significance.
The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and utilities of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art can modify or change the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications or changes which can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical spirit of the present invention be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A method for rapidly testing local static stiffness of a mechanical structure is characterized by comprising the following steps:
mounting a mechanical component to be tested and enabling the mechanical component to be in a free boundary state;
determining local test points, and mounting a vibration acceleration sensor on the local test points;
respectively carrying out a hammering test on the local test points along the direction X, Y, Z by using a modal force hammer, and acquiring corresponding vibration acceleration frequency response function signal data of the local test points;
importing the vibration acceleration frequency response function signal data into a modal analysis system, and identifying modal information parameters of the vibration acceleration frequency response function signal data;
performing data fitting processing on the modal information parameters to obtain a modal comprehensive curve;
integrating the modal comprehensive curve twice to obtain a dynamic flexibility curve;
and acquiring a value of X, Y, Z direction response at 0Hz based on the dynamic compliance curve, and calculating to obtain a static stiffness value of the test local point in the X, Y, Z direction.
2. The method for rapidly testing local static stiffness of a mechanical structure according to claim 1, wherein the data fitting process further comprises a process of removing rigid body mode and upper residual influence of a free system.
3. The method for rapidly testing the local static stiffness of the mechanical structure according to claim 1, wherein after the vibration acceleration frequency response function signal data is imported into a modal analysis system, modal information parameters of the vibration acceleration frequency response function signal data are identified by adopting a modal analysis technology.
4. The method for rapidly testing the local static stiffness of the mechanical structure according to claim 1, wherein modal information parameters capable of highly characterizing the frequency response characteristics of the low frequency band of the test position point are selected for fitting by means of a modal synthesis technique in the data fitting process.
5. The method for rapidly testing the local static stiffness of the mechanical structure according to claim 1, wherein the mechanical component to be tested is suspended by an elastic rope so as to be in a free boundary state.
6. The method for rapidly testing local static stiffness of a mechanical structure according to claim 1, wherein the mechanical component to be tested is mounted on an elastic structure so as to be in a free boundary state.
7. The method for rapidly testing the local static stiffness of the mechanical structure according to claim 6, wherein the elastic structure is an air spring.
8. The method for rapidly testing the local static stiffness of the mechanical structure according to claim 1, wherein the static stiffness value of the tested local point in the X, Y, Z direction is calculated by obtaining a value of X, Y, Z direction response at 0Hz based on a dynamic compliance curve, and specifically comprises the following steps: and acquiring a numerical value of X, Y, Z direction response at 0Hz based on the dynamic flexibility curve, and calculating to obtain a static stiffness value of the local test point in the X, Y, Z direction by utilizing an inverse relation.
9. The utility model provides a quick test system of local quiet rigidity of mechanical structure which characterized in that includes:
the elastic mounting structure is used for mounting the mechanical component to be tested and keeping the mechanical component to be tested in a free boundary state;
the acceleration sensor is arranged on a test point on the mechanical component to be tested;
a modal force hammer for striking the test point;
and a first signal input port of the data processing unit is electrically connected with the signal output end of the modal force hammer, and a second signal input port of the data processing unit is electrically connected with the signal output end of the acceleration sensor.
10. The system for rapidly testing local static stiffness of a mechanical structure according to claim 9, wherein the elastic mounting structure comprises an elastic rope for hoisting a mechanical component to be tested.
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CN117973158A (en) * 2024-04-01 2024-05-03 大连理工大学 Digital twinning-based large-scale structural modal universe monitoring method

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