CN113494956A - Method and device for measuring sub-synchronous torsional vibration modal frequency of steam turbine generator unit - Google Patents
Method and device for measuring sub-synchronous torsional vibration modal frequency of steam turbine generator unit Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for measuring the sub-synchronous torsional vibration modal frequency of a turbonator, which comprises the steps of firstly enabling the rotating speed of a generator set to fluctuate through disturbance, actually measuring the rotating speed, and obtaining the roughly measured sub-synchronous torsional vibration modal frequency by adopting an amplitude-frequency calculation method; secondly, for each modal frequency, carrying out an excitation experiment for 5-7 times by superposing and injecting a specific frequency current into a rotor winding or a stator winding of the generator, wherein the frequency of an excitation control signal is distributed on two sides of the roughly measured modal frequency, and the excited torsional vibration amplitude is actually measured; performing data fitting or interpolation calculation on each group of results for 5-7 times to obtain a section of curve of frequency-torsional vibration amplitude; the frequency corresponding to the maximum value of the torsional vibration amplitude of the curve is the mode frequency of the accurate measurement. The method combines the advantages of a perturbation method and a frequency sweep method, is easy to implement, can obviously reduce the experiment times, and can also ensure the accuracy of modal frequency measurement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of control of power systems, and particularly relates to monitoring protection and suppression of torsional vibration of a steam turbine generator unit.
Background
When the power of a large-capacity steam turbine generator unit is sent out, if a point-to-grid long-distance power transmission mode is adopted, in order to improve the transmission power, the power grid sometimes adopts capacitor series compensation, and sometimes adopts high-voltage direct-current power transmission. Theory and practice show that the power transmission mode is easy to cause subsynchronous oscillation of a power grid and shafting torsional vibration of a steam turbine generator unit. When the power grid has subsynchronous oscillation, under the interaction of the power grid, the rotors of the steam turbine generator set shaft system, such as the steam turbine high-pressure cylinder rotor, the intermediate-pressure cylinder rotor, the low-pressure cylinder rotor, the generator rotor and the exciter rotor, can generate torsional oscillation with mutual torsional oscillation.
The subsynchronous oscillation and torsional oscillation are harmful greatly, which not only affects the safety and stability of the power grid, but also can cause the fatigue damage of the shafting of the turbo generator set, reduce the service life of the set, and even lead to the crack of the large shaft in serious cases, thereby causing huge loss. For example, in the 70 s of the 20 th century, due to the fact that the capacitor series compensation on the power transmission line fails, the U.S. Mohave power plant continuously generates two serious torsional vibration accidents and causes damage to a shaft system; after 2000 years, the coupler between the low-pressure cylinder rotor and the generator rotor of a certain power plant in China is cracked due to long-time torsional vibration. These accidents cause significant losses. In addition, in recent years, oscillation events of power systems also show that large-scale wind power can cause subsynchronous or supersynchronous oscillation of power grids, so that torsional oscillation of turbo generator units of nearby thermal power plants is caused.
Generally, a steam turbine generator unit manufacturer can give the sub-synchronous torsional vibration modal frequency of a large shaft of the steam turbine generator unit, but the given data is usually a theoretical calculated value and has deviation with an actual value. For a power plant with the risk, the subsynchronous torsional vibration modal frequency of the large shaft of the turbonator needs to be accurately measured, so that the torsional vibration of the turbonator can be more pertinently monitored, protected and inhibited. If the frequency value of the subsynchronous torsional vibration mode deviates, the torsional vibration protection may be rejected in serious cases, the torsional vibration suppression effect may be poor, and even no suppression effect is obtained at all.
Subsynchronous refers to a frequency band lower than the power frequency of the generator and higher than low-frequency oscillation, and for a 50Hz power grid system, subsynchronous frequency generally refers to frequency within a range of 10Hz to 40Hz, and sometimes refers to frequency within a range of 5Hz to 45 Hz.
The rotor shaft system of the steam turbine generator unit is very long, the rotors of the shaft systems such as a steam turbine high-pressure cylinder rotor, a middle-pressure cylinder rotor, a low-pressure cylinder rotor, a generator rotor, an exciter rotor and the like are connected with one another, and can be simplified into a multi-mass block spring body, the rotor mechanical system has natural oscillation frequency in the torsion direction, and under stable oscillation under the natural oscillation frequency, the torsional oscillation amplitude of each rotor has a certain corresponding relation, namely the oscillation has an inherent mode; the natural oscillation frequency of the mechanical system of the turbonator rotor in the torsional direction is simply referred to as torsional vibration modal frequency, and the torsional vibration modal frequency is multiple and is determined by factors such as the rotational inertia, the torsional rigidity and the damping condition during operation of each rotor.
The previous methods for measuring the sub-synchronous torsional vibration modal frequency of the steam turbine generator unit are many and are mainly divided into two types.
One is that the rotation speed of the large shaft of the generator set is changed by various disturbance methods such as grid connection of the generator, load shedding and the like, at the moment, the rotation speed signal of the large shaft simultaneously comprises torsional vibration components of a plurality of modes, and the rotation speed waveform is subjected to signal identification by actually measuring the rotation speed waveform to obtain each subsynchronous modal frequency. The identification method comprises an FFT algorithm, a Prony algorithm and the like. The method has the advantages of simple operation and has the defects that the identification and calculation are not easy to obtain a very accurate result, the FFT algorithm theoretically requires that a steady-state periodic signal can be calculated, and the window length of a data window has a large influence on the result when the Prony algorithm is applied, so that the calculation result is not converged sometimes. In order to improve the accuracy of the calculation result, the algorithms are often required to be corrected, and the algorithms are complex.
The second type of method is the excitation method, sometimes called the frequency sweep method. The general method is that an alternating current signal is applied to a generator excitation system, a stable alternating current component is superposed in direct current of a generator rotor winding, and stable fluctuation occurs to electromagnetic torque of a generator, so that stable torsional vibration occurs to a large shaft of a unit, the frequency of the applied alternating current signal is gradually changed from the lowest value (such as 5Hz) of the subsynchronous frequency according to 0.01Hz step length, and the highest value (such as 45Hz) of the subsynchronous frequency is always achieved, namely the frequency is swept point by point. If the frequency of the generator set torsional vibration generated by the applied alternating current signal is exactly equal to the sub-synchronous torsional mode frequency of the large shaft, resonance is formed, and the amplitude of the torsional vibration is high, otherwise, the amplitude of the torsional vibration is small because the resonance is not achieved. Therefore, as long as the amplitude height values in the frequency sweeping process are found, the corresponding frequencies are the sub-synchronous torsional mode frequencies. The method has the advantages that signal identification is not needed, the resonance point can be accurately found, and therefore the measurement result of the sub-synchronous torsional vibration modal frequency is accurate; the disadvantage is that in order to measure an accurate result, a very small step length (for example, 0.01Hz) is required to change the frequency of the excitation alternating current signal step by step, so that the frequency scanning has a large number of frequency points, the excitation process and the measurement experiment time are very long, and the power plant user cannot accept the frequency scanning. The method comprises the following steps of estimating a small frequency range to be measured near a certain modal frequency, carrying out an excitation experiment on three frequency points of a lowest frequency value, a highest frequency value and a middle frequency value in the small frequency range, presuming which smaller range the resonance frequency falls in according to the amplitude, further carrying out the excitation experiment, and gradually reducing the range until the estimated resonance frequency falls in a small range of 0.01Hz, and calculating to find a subsynchronous torsional vibration modal frequency; although the conventional frequency sweeping method is obviously improved, more than 10 times of excitation experiments are usually required for searching for one modal frequency, and the workload is still large.
In summary, there is a need for an accurate measurement method of the subsynchronous torsional vibration mode that can reduce the workload of the excitation experiment.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is: a method and a device for measuring the sub-synchronous torsional vibration modal frequency of a steam turbine generator unit are provided, which not only need to accurately measure the sub-synchronous torsional vibration modal frequency, but also need to reduce the experimental workload as much as possible.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a method for measuring the sub-synchronous torsional vibration modal frequency of a steam turbine generator unit comprises the following steps:
step (1), roughly measuring frequency: the rotating speed of the generator set is changed by applying disturbance, the rotating speed of a large shaft of the generator set is measured, M roughly-measured subsynchronous torsional vibration modal frequencies are obtained by adopting an amplitude-frequency calculation method, and the ith subsynchronous torsional vibration modal frequency is fmiWherein i 1, 2.. said, M;
step (2), for the ith subsynchronous torsional vibration modal frequency fmiExcitation experiments were performed: after the generator is connected to the grid and stably operates, alternating current is injected into a rotor winding of the generator in a superposed mode, or three-phase symmetrical alternating current is injected into a stator winding of the generator in a superposed mode; the frequency of the excitation control signal being fmi.test，fmi.testIs distributed over fmiBoth sides of (a); exciting for N times, wherein N is a positive integer; measuring the rotation speed of the large shaft of the unit and calculating the torsional vibration amplitude Ami.testThereby obtaining N sets of frequency-torsional vibration amplitude data (f)mi.test,Ami.test) (ii) a Entering the step (3);
and (3): for N groups of frequency-torsional vibration amplitude data (f) in the step (2)mi.test,Ami.test) Performing curve fitting or interpolation calculation, wherein in the curve obtained by the curve fitting or interpolation calculation, the frequency corresponding to the maximum value of the torsional vibration amplitude is fmi.meas，fmi.measI.e. the measurement result of the i-th subsynchronous torsional mode frequency, i is 1, 2.
And (4): repeating the step (2) and the step (3) until M subsynchronous torsional vibration modal frequencies are measured;
in the above steps, M is the number of subsynchronous torsional vibration modal frequencies of the turbo generator set known in advance, f represents frequency, a represents torsional vibration amplitude, subscript M represents torsional vibration modal, subscript test represents excitation experiment, and subscript meas represents measurement calculation.
In a further preferred embodiment, the perturbation in step (1) is: the generator is connected to the power grid, or the generator is used for load shedding, or a circuit pulling-closing experiment is carried out on a circuit for sending out the power of the generator, and the rotating speed of the generator set is changed through the disturbance.
In a further preferable scheme, when the rotating speed of the large shaft of the unit is measured in the step (1), the sampling frequency is greater than or equal to 500Hz, and the duration of the rotating speed waveform recorded by measurement is greater than or equal to 20 s.
In a further preferred scheme, the amplitude-frequency calculation method in step (1) is to perform frequency spectrum analysis on the recorded rotating speed waveform data, obtain an amplitude-frequency calculation result by adopting fourier transform, select M maximum amplitude points in a subsynchronous frequency segment in the amplitude-frequency calculation result, and the M frequencies corresponding to the maximum amplitude points are M roughly measured subsynchronous torsional vibration modal frequencies; m is the number of the sub-synchronous torsional vibration modal frequencies of the steam turbine generator unit known in advance; the frequency range of the subsynchronous frequency band is 10% f1～90％f1，f1Is the power frequency.
In a further preferred embodiment, in the N excitation experiments in step (2), the amplitude of the excitation control signal is kept unchanged, and the duration of the excitation is not less than 5 s.
In a further preferred embodiment, said f in step (2)mi.testIs distributed over fmiBoth sides of (a), (b), (c) and (d) fmi.testAnd fmiThe deviation of both sides of (a) is less than 0.5 Hz.
In a further preferred embodiment, the curve fitting in step (3) is a polynomial fitting. The curve fitting is preferably a cubic polynomial fitting. The interpolation calculation method adopts cubic spline interpolation.
In a further preferred embodiment, the value range of N is: n is more than or equal to 5.
The invention also discloses a device for measuring the sub-synchronous torsional vibration modal frequency of the steam turbine generator unit, which comprises the following units connected in sequence:
a frequency rough measurement unit: applying disturbance to change the rotating speed of the generator set, measuring the rotating speed of a large shaft of the generator set, and obtaining M roughly-measured subsynchronous torsional vibration modal frequencies by adopting an amplitude-frequency calculation method, wherein the ith subsynchronous torsional vibration modal frequency is fmiWherein i 1, 2.. said, M;
excitation experiment unit: sequentially carrying out excitation experiments on M roughly-measured synchronous torsional vibration modal frequencies, and after the generator is connected to the power grid and stably operates, superposing and injecting alternating current into a rotor winding of the generator or superposing and injecting three-phase symmetrical alternating current into a stator winding of the generator; the frequency selection of the excitation control signal is distributed on two sides of the roughly measured synchronous torsional vibration modal frequency; exciting each synchronous torsional vibration modal frequency for N times, wherein N is a positive integer, measuring the rotating speed of a large shaft of the unit and calculating the torsional vibration amplitude, so as to obtain N groups of frequency-torsional vibration amplitude data for each roughly measured synchronous torsional vibration modal frequency;
a data processing unit: and performing curve fitting or interpolation calculation on the frequency-torsional vibration amplitude data obtained by the excitation experiment unit, wherein in a curve obtained by the curve fitting or interpolation calculation, the frequency corresponding to the maximum value of the torsional vibration amplitude is the measurement result of the sub-synchronous torsional vibration modal frequency.
In a further preferred embodiment, the disturbance in the frequency rough measurement unit is: the generator is connected to the power grid, or the generator is used for load shedding, or a circuit pulling-closing experiment is carried out on a circuit for sending out the power of the generator, and the rotating speed of the generator set is changed through the disturbance.
In a further preferred scheme, when the frequency rough measurement unit measures the rotating speed of the large shaft of the unit, the sampling frequency is greater than or equal to 500Hz, and the duration of the rotating speed waveform recorded by measurement is greater than or equal to 20 s.
In a further preferred scheme, the amplitude-frequency calculation method in the step frequency rough measurement unit is to perform frequency spectrum analysis on the recorded rotating speed waveform data, obtain an amplitude-frequency calculation result by adopting Fourier transform, and select M amplitude values with the highest amplitude values in a subsynchronous frequency segment in the amplitude-frequency calculation resultThe M frequencies corresponding to the major points are M subsynchronous torsional vibration modal frequencies roughly measured; m is the number of the sub-synchronous torsional vibration modal frequencies of the steam turbine generator unit known in advance; the frequency range of the subsynchronous frequency band is 10% f1～90％f1，f1Is the power frequency.
In a further preferred embodiment, in the N excitation experiments in the excitation experiment unit, the amplitude of the excitation control signal is kept unchanged, and the duration of the excitation is not less than 5 s.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) firstly, roughly measuring modal frequency, and then accurately measuring the modal frequency; the rough measurement result provides preparation for a precise measurement experiment, actual measurement is carried out near the rough measurement frequency, a data fitting or interpolation method is adopted, and a precise measurement result of one modal frequency can be obtained only by 5-7 times of experiments.
(2) The first method is to fluctuate the rotating speed of the generator through disturbance, measure the rotating speed actually, and then perform modal frequency identification by adopting an FFT algorithm, a Prony algorithm and the like, and the identification result is not necessarily accurate. The method only uses the first method to carry out rough measurement of the modal frequency, and then uses the excitation method to carry out precise measurement of the modal frequency, thereby solving the problem that the identification results of an FFT algorithm, a Prony algorithm and the like are not necessarily accurate.
(3) The second method is an excitation method, also called a frequency sweep method, the conventional excitation method has large experimental work, and more than 10 times of excitation is usually required for searching one modal frequency. The method of the invention not only can obviously reduce the experiment times, but also can ensure the accuracy of the modal frequency measurement.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a basic flow diagram of an embodiment of the method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a waveform of a rotation speed actually measured in a generator grid connection process in an embodiment of the method of the present invention, and for clearly showing a result, a rotation speed difference waveform is given, that is, a measured rotation speed minus a rated rotation speed of 3000 rpm;
FIG. 3 is a graph of spectral analysis calculations performed on the waveform data of FIG. 2 to obtain two modal frequencies 21.6Hz and 26.6Hz, which are coarsely measured within the sub-synchronous frequency range, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an experimental method for superimposed injection of AC current into a generator rotor winding according to the method of the present invention; in the figure, Turbine represents a steam Turbine, GEN represents a generator, unite represents a main transformer, HV bus represents a main transformer high-voltage side bus, Grid represents a power Grid, ET represents an excitation transformer, AVR represents an excitation regulator, and ω represents a steam Turbine generator unit large shaft rotation speed;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an experimental method for injecting three-phase symmetrical AC current into a stator winding of a generator in a superimposed manner according to the method of the present invention; in the figure, Turbine represents a steam Turbine, GEN represents a generator, unite represents a main transformer, HV bus represents a main transformer high-voltage side bus, Grid represents a power Grid, GTSDC represents power electronic equipment with damping control added at the generator end, T represents an isolation transformer with GTSDC connected with the bus, and omega represents the large-shaft rotating speed of the steam Turbine generator unit;
FIG. 6 shows the actual measurement result of an excitation experiment performed on the actual measurement of the mode 1 frequency in an embodiment of the method of the present inventioninjFor actuating the control signal, ωm1The measured mode 1 rotating speed is obtained;
fig. 7 is a graph obtained by performing cubic interpolation calculation on 5 excitation experiment results of the mode 1 frequency in the method embodiment of the present invention, where a circle on the graph is an excitation experiment result value, and a square on the graph is a highest point on the graph;
fig. 8 is a schematic view of the apparatus of the present invention.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of illustrating the method of the present invention, reference is made to the accompanying drawings and specific examples, which are further described below.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention discloses an embodiment of a method for measuring a sub-synchronous torsional vibration modal frequency of a steam turbine generator unit, which comprises the following steps:
step (1), roughly measuring frequency: the rotating speed of the generator set is changed by applying disturbance, the rotating speed of a large shaft of the generator set is measured, M roughly-measured subsynchronous torsional vibration modal frequencies are obtained by adopting an amplitude-frequency calculation method, and the ith subsynchronous torsional vibration modal frequency is fmiWherein i ═ 1, 2.., M.
The applied perturbations include: the generator is connected to the power grid, or the generator is used for load shedding, or a circuit pulling-closing experiment is carried out on a circuit for sending out the power of the generator, and the rotating speed of the generator set is changed through the disturbance.
In this embodiment, when the rotation speed of the large shaft of the unit is measured, the sampling frequency is greater than or equal to 500Hz, and the duration of the rotation speed waveform recorded by measurement is greater than or equal to 20 s. Carrying out spectrum analysis on the recorded rotating speed waveform data, obtaining an amplitude-frequency calculation result by adopting Fourier transform, selecting M maximum amplitude points in a subsynchronous frequency segment in the amplitude-frequency calculation result, wherein M frequencies corresponding to the M maximum amplitude points are M roughly-measured subsynchronous torsional vibration modal frequencies; m is the number of the sub-synchronous torsional vibration modal frequencies of the steam turbine generator unit known in advance; the frequency range of the subsynchronous frequency band is 10% f1～90％f1，f1Is the power frequency.
Step (2), for the ith subsynchronous torsional vibration modal frequency fmiExcitation experiments were performed: after the generator is connected to the grid and stably operates, alternating current is injected into a rotor winding of the generator in a superposed mode, or three-phase symmetrical alternating current is injected into a stator winding of the generator in a superposed mode; the frequency of the excitation control signal being fmi.test，fmi.testIs distributed over fmiBoth sides of (a); exciting for N times, wherein N is a positive integer; measuring the rotation speed of the large shaft of the unit and calculating the torsional vibration amplitude Ami.testThereby obtaining N sets of frequency-torsional vibration amplitude data (f)mi.test,Ami.test) (ii) a And (4) entering the step (3).
In the N times of excitation experiments, the amplitude of the excitation control signal is kept unchanged, the duration of excitation is not less than 5s, fmi.testAnd fmiThe deviation of both sides of (a) is less than 0.5 Hz.
Wherein, the value range of N is as follows: n is more than or equal to 5. Generally 5 to 7 times.
And (3): for N groups of frequency-torsional vibration amplitude data (f) in the step (2)mi.test,Ami.test) Performing curve fitting or interpolation calculation, wherein in the curve obtained by the curve fitting or interpolation calculation, the frequency corresponding to the maximum value of the torsional vibration amplitude is fmi.meas，fmi.measI.e. the measurement result of the i-th sub-synchronous torsional mode frequency, i is 1, 2.
The curve fitting may be polynomial fitting. In this embodiment, cubic polynomial fitting is preferred, and cubic spline interpolation is preferred as the interpolation calculation method.
And (4): repeating the step (2) and the step (3) until M subsynchronous torsional vibration modal frequencies are measured;
in the above steps, M is the number of subsynchronous torsional vibration modal frequencies of the turbo generator set known in advance, f represents frequency, a represents torsional vibration amplitude, subscript M represents torsional vibration modal, subscript test represents excitation experiment, and subscript meas represents measurement calculation.
In the second embodiment of the method, a 660MW steam turbine generator unit is taken as an example to illustrate the specific implementation manner of the invention.
The rated voltage of the generator is 22kV, the rated active power is 660MW, and the rated rotation speed is 3000 rpm; the no-load rated excitation voltage of the generator is 152.6V, and the load rated excitation voltage is 426.5V; the generator is boosted to 500kV through the main transformer to transmit power to the power grid. The rotor of the generator set can be equivalent to 4 parts, namely a high-pressure cylinder HP, an intermediate-pressure cylinder IP, a low-pressure cylinder LP and a generator GEN, and the equivalent inertia and the equivalent torsional rigidity data between every two parts are as follows:
| lumped mass module | Equivalent inertia (kg. m)2) | Equivalent torsional stiffness (N.m/rad) |
| High pressure cylinder HP | 1315.3 | HP-IP:1.2649E8 |
| Intermediate pressure cylinder IP | 5295.4 | IP-LP:1.4452E8 |
| Low pressure cylinder LP | 32280 | LP-GEN:1.5944E8 |
| Generator GEN | 9859.7 |
The unit has three rotor torsional vibration modal frequencies, and the design calculation data given by a host factory is as follows:
| modality | Mode 1 | |
Mode 3 |
| Natural frequency (Hz) | 21.40 | 26.60 | 57.70 |
Wherein, the mode 1 and the mode 2 are subsynchronous, and the mode 3 is supersynchronous. The present invention is concerned with the measurement of the sub-synchronous modal frequency, and the measurement of the super-synchronous modal frequency is not considered.
The specific implementation steps are as follows:
step (1), roughly measuring frequency: changing the rotating speed of the generator set by applying disturbance, measuring the rotating speed of a large shaft of the generator set, and obtaining M roughly-measured subsynchronous torsional vibration modal frequencies by adopting an amplitude-frequency calculation method; the ith subsynchronous torsional mode frequency is fmiWherein i ═ 1, 2.., M.
For this example, M ═ 2. The generator speed is changed by applying disturbance, wherein the disturbance refers to: and carrying out a circuit pulling-closing experiment on a circuit on which the generator is connected to the grid, or the generator is used for load shedding, or the generator power is sent out. For the example, as shown in fig. 2, the generator is connected to the grid, and a small disturbance is generated during grid connection, so that the rotating speed of the generator set fluctuates to a certain extent. And measuring the rotating speed of a large shaft of the unit, wherein the sampling frequency is more than or equal to 500Hz, and the duration of the waveform of the measured and recorded rotating speed is more than or equal to 20 s. For the present example, the sampling frequency is 1000Hz, the duration of the measured and recorded rotation speed waveform is 60min, and for more clearly displaying the rotation speed measurement result, fig. 2 shows the rotation speed difference, i.e. the measured rotation speed waveform minus the rated rotation speed of 3000 rpm.
Further, the amplitude-frequency calculation method is adopted to perform frequency spectrum analysis on the recorded rotating speed waveform data, namely the waveform shown in the figure 2, and preferably adopts a fast Fourier algorithm to obtain the amplitude-frequency calculation result shown in the figure 3. And selecting M maximum amplitude points in the subsynchronous frequency segment, wherein M frequencies corresponding to the maximum amplitude points are M roughly-measured subsynchronous torsional vibration modal frequencies. For the example, M is 2, which is the number of subsynchronous torsional vibration modal frequencies of the turbo generator set known in advance; the frequency range of the subsynchronous frequency band is 10% f1～90％f1，f1The power frequency is 50 Hz. Within this range, a coarse measurement of 21.60Hz modal 1 frequency and 26.60Hz modal 2 frequency was obtained.
Step (2), excitation experiment: after the generator is connected to the grid and stably operates, alternating current is injected into a rotor winding of the generator in a superposed mode, or three-phase symmetrical alternating current is injected into a stator winding of the generator in a superposed mode; the frequency of the excitation control signal is fim.test，fmi.testIs distributed over fmiBoth sides of (a); exciting for 5-7 times; measuring the rotation speed of the large shaft of the unit and calculating the torsional vibration amplitude Ami.testThus, 5 to 7 sets of frequency-torsional vibration amplitude data (f) are obtainedmi.test,Ami.test) (ii) a And (4) entering the step (3).
In this embodiment, the mode 1 (i.e. the 1 st sub-synchronous torsional mode frequency f) is usedm21.60Hz) as an example, the subsequent steps are further explained. After the generator is connected to the grid and stably operates, alternating current is injected into a rotor winding of the generator in a superposed mode to excite the generator, or three-phase symmetrical alternating current is injected into a stator winding of the generator in a superposed mode.
The method of additive injection into the rotor winding is shown in FIG. 4, and a signal excitation device is used to output a signal with a frequency fm.testThe sine wave signal is sent to an excitation regulator AVR of the generator, the signal is superposed in a voltage closed loop control output link of the AVR, and the AVR controls the silicon controlled rectifier rectification of an excitation system, so that the rotor winding of the generator GEN is superposed with the frequency fm.testThe sine wave current to produce fluctuating electromagnetic torque, let the unit produce torsional vibration. Measuring the rotation speed of the large shaft of the unit by using a rotation speed measuring device, filtering a rotation speed signal to obtain a rotation speed waveform of modal 1 torsional vibration, and finding out the maximum amplitude from the rotation speed waveform to obtain the required torsional vibration amplitude Am.test。
The method of additive injection into the stator winding is shown in fig. 5, which is similar to the method shown in fig. 4, except that the excitation system is not passed, but the damping control system GTSDC is added by means of the terminal on the high-voltage side of the main transformer UnitT. GTSDC is based on IGBT's power electronic equipment, and its major loop adopts the same topology with static reactive compensation STATCOM equipment, and is similar to STATCOM in the control method, only STATCOM output power frequency current, GTSDC output subsynchronous and super synchronous current. Similar to the method of FIG. 4, a signal excitation device is used to output a signal having a frequency fm.testIs fed to a GTSDC controller, which can generate a signal with a frequency f according to the GTSDC control principlem.testComplementary three-phase symmetrical current is injected into a stator winding of the generator; three phases of injectionThe symmetrical current includes both the subsynchronous frequency (f)1-fm.test) Component, also including the super-synchronous frequency (f)1+fm.test) And the components enable the generator GEN to generate fluctuating electromagnetic torque, so that the unit generates torsional vibration. Measuring the rotation speed of the large shaft of the unit by using a rotation speed measuring device, filtering a rotation speed signal to obtain a rotation speed waveform of modal 1 torsional vibration, and finding out the maximum amplitude from the rotation speed waveform to obtain the required torsional vibration amplitude Am.test。
FIG. 6 shows an experiment of the present example in which the AC current is injected into the rotor winding of the generator in a superimposed manner, and the sine wave signal output by the signal excitation device is iinjFrequency of fm1.test26.60Hz, amplitude 1.6mA, excitation starting at 2s and ending at 13 s; in this experiment, iinjCorresponding to an AVR voltage control link, generating a sine wave voltage control superposition quantity with the amplitude of 1.0p.u. (the base value of a per unit value is the no-load rated excitation voltage 152.6V of the generator) and the frequency of 26.60Hz, and enabling the generator to generate fluctuating electromagnetic torque and the unit to generate torsional vibration; actually measured modal 1 torsional vibration rotation speed omegam1As shown in FIG. 5, the maximum amplitude is Am1.test0.307 rad/s. From this we get a first set of data (f)m1.test,Am1.test) (26.60Hz,0.307 rad/s). Varying the frequency f of the excitation signalm1.testRepeating the experiment for 5-7 times, wherein the alternating current i is excited every timeinjThe amplitude remains constant and the time of excitation still starts from 2s to the end of 13 s. Frequency f of the excitation signalm1.testDistributed on both sides of the coarsely measured modal 1 frequency, fm1.testAnd fm1Is less than 0.5 Hz.
For this example, 5 experiments were performed for mode 1, with an excitation frequency fm1.testFor experiments at 21.52Hz,21.58Hz,21.60Hz,21.70Hz,21.80Hz, 5 sets of data were obtained with the following results:
| serial number | Excitation signal iinjFrequency f ofm1.test Hz | Calculated torsional vibration amplitude Am1.test rad/s |
| 1 | 21.52 | 0.243 |
| 2 | 21.58 | 0.318 |
| 3 | 21.60 | 0.307 |
| 4 | 21.70 | 0.172 |
| 5 | 21.80 | 0.105 |
And (3): for 5-7 groups of frequency-torsional vibration amplitude data (f) in the step (2)mi.test,Ami.test) Performing curve fitting or interpolation calculation, wherein in the curve obtained by the curve fitting or interpolation calculation, the frequency corresponding to the maximum value of the torsional vibration amplitude is fmi.meas，fmi.measI.e. the measurement result of the i-th subsynchronous torsional mode frequency, i is 1, 2. And (5) repeating the step (2) and the step (3) until M subsynchronous torsional vibration modal frequencies are measured.
In this example, 5 experiments are performed on the mode 1Data of "frequency-torsional amplitude" of experiment (f)m1.test,Am1.test) Performing cubic spline interpolation:
Am1＝spline(x,y,freq)；
wherein x ═ fm1.test＝[21.52,21.58,21.60,21.70,21.80]，y＝Am1.test＝[0.243,0.318,0.307,0.172,0.105]Freq is the sequence of frequency values to be interpolated, freq is from 21.52Hz to 21.80Hz, step size is 0.01Hz, spline () is a cubic spline interpolation function, Am1Is the interpolation result for freq.
The curve obtained by performing cubic spline interpolation on the experimental data of this time is shown in fig. 7, the curve in the graph is the calculation result, the circle in the graph is the data of 5 experiments, and the square frame in the graph is the highest point of the found interpolation curve, and the frequency f corresponding to the highest point is the frequency fm1.meas21.57Hz, this is the measured mode 1 frequency.
Similarly, the step (2) and the step (3) are continued, and the actual measurement of the modal 2 frequency is completed. The results of 5 experiments are:
| serial number | Excitation signal iinjFrequency f ofm1.test.r Hz | Calculated torsional vibration amplitude Am1.test.r rad/s |
| 1 | 26.20 | 0.078 |
| 2 | 26.52 | 0.395 |
| 3 | 26.60 | 0.293 |
| 4 | 26.80 | 0.102 |
| 5 | 27.00 | 0.054 |
The result is f through cubic spline interpolationm2.meas26.54Hz, this is the measured mode 2 frequency.
This completes the actual measurement of the 2 subsynchronous modal frequencies of the present example.
The method for injecting three-phase symmetrical alternating current into the stator winding of the generator in a superposed manner is the same as the method for injecting alternating current into the rotor winding of the generator in basic experimental steps and data calculation except for different injection ways, and therefore, the method is not repeated.
An embodiment of the device for measuring the sub-synchronous torsional vibration modal frequency of the steam turbine generator unit is shown in fig. 8 and comprises the following units which are connected in sequence:
a frequency rough measurement unit: applying disturbance to change the rotating speed of the generator set, measuring the rotating speed of a large shaft of the generator set, and obtaining M roughly-measured subsynchronous torsional vibration modal frequencies by adopting an amplitude-frequency calculation method, wherein the ith subsynchronous torsional vibration modal frequency is fmiWherein i ═ 1, 2.., M.
Excitation experiment unit: sequentially carrying out excitation experiments on M roughly-measured synchronous torsional vibration modal frequencies, and after the generator is connected to the power grid and stably operates, superposing and injecting alternating current into a rotor winding of the generator or superposing and injecting three-phase symmetrical alternating current into a stator winding of the generator; the frequency selection of the excitation control signal is distributed on two sides of the roughly measured synchronous torsional vibration modal frequency; and (3) exciting each synchronous torsional vibration modal frequency for N times, wherein N is a positive integer, measuring the rotating speed of a large shaft of the unit and calculating the torsional vibration amplitude, so as to obtain N groups of frequency-torsional vibration amplitude data for each roughly measured synchronous torsional vibration modal frequency.
A data processing unit: and performing curve fitting or interpolation calculation on the frequency-torsional vibration amplitude data obtained by the excitation experiment unit, wherein in a curve obtained by the curve fitting or interpolation calculation, the frequency corresponding to the maximum value of the torsional vibration amplitude is the measurement result of the sub-synchronous torsional vibration modal frequency.
Wherein, the disturbance in the frequency rough measurement unit refers to: the generator is connected to the power grid, or the generator is used for load shedding, or a circuit pulling-closing experiment is carried out on a circuit for sending out the power of the generator, and the rotating speed of the generator set is changed through the disturbance.
When the rotating speed of the large shaft of the unit is measured in the frequency rough measurement unit, the sampling frequency is greater than or equal to 500Hz, and the duration of the measured and recorded rotating speed waveform is greater than or equal to 20 s.
The amplitude-frequency calculation method in the step frequency rough measurement unit is to perform frequency spectrum analysis on recorded rotating speed waveform data, obtain an amplitude-frequency calculation result by adopting Fourier transform, select M maximum amplitude points in a subsynchronous frequency segment in the amplitude-frequency calculation result, and the M frequencies corresponding to the M maximum amplitude points are M rough-measured subsynchronous torsional vibration modal frequencies; m is the number of the sub-synchronous torsional vibration modal frequencies of the steam turbine generator unit known in advance; the frequency range of the subsynchronous frequency band is 10% f1～90％f1，f1Is the power frequency.
In the N times of excitation experiments in the excitation experiment unit, the amplitude of the excitation control signal is kept unchanged, and the duration of excitation is not less than 5 s.
Thus, the description of the embodiments has been completed.
The above examples are only for illustrating the technical idea of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention should not be limited thereby. Any equivalent replacement or modification on the basis of the technical scheme is not beyond the protection scope of the invention according to the technical idea provided by the invention.
Claims (15)
1. A method for measuring the sub-synchronous torsional vibration modal frequency of a steam turbine generator unit is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step (1), roughly measuring frequency: the rotating speed of the generator set is changed by applying disturbance, the rotating speed of a large shaft of the generator set is measured, M roughly-measured subsynchronous torsional vibration modal frequencies are obtained by adopting an amplitude-frequency calculation method, and the ith subsynchronous torsional vibration modal frequency is fmiWherein i 1, 2.. said, M;
step (2), for the ith subsynchronous torsional vibration modal frequency fmiExcitation experiments were performed: after the generator is connected to the grid and stably operates, alternating current is injected into a rotor winding of the generator in a superposed mode, or three-phase symmetrical alternating current is injected into a stator winding of the generator in a superposed mode; the frequency of the excitation control signal being fmi.test，fmi.testIs distributed over fmiBoth sides of (a); exciting for N times, wherein N is a positive integer; measuring the rotation speed of the large shaft of the unit and calculating the torsional vibration amplitude Ami.testThereby obtaining N sets of frequency-torsional vibration amplitude data (f)mi.test,Ami.test) (ii) a Entering the step (3);
and (3): for N groups of frequency-torsional vibration amplitude data (f) in the step (2)mi.test,Ami.test) Performing curve fitting or interpolation calculation, wherein in the curve obtained by the curve fitting or interpolation calculation, the frequency corresponding to the maximum value of the torsional vibration amplitude is fmi.meas，fmi.measI.e. the measurement result of the i-th subsynchronous torsional mode frequency, i is 1, 2.
And (4): repeating the step (2) and the step (3) until M subsynchronous torsional vibration modal frequencies are measured;
in the above steps, M is the number of subsynchronous torsional vibration modal frequencies of the turbo generator set known in advance, f represents frequency, a represents torsional vibration amplitude, subscript M represents torsional vibration modal, subscript test represents excitation experiment, and subscript meas represents measurement calculation.
2. The method for measuring the torsional vibration modal frequency of the steam turbine generator unit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the disturbance in the step (1) is: the generator is connected to the power grid, or the generator is used for load shedding, or a circuit pulling-closing experiment is carried out on a circuit for sending out the power of the generator, and the rotating speed of the generator set is changed through the disturbance.
3. The method for measuring the torsional vibration modal frequency of the steam turbine generator unit as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (1), when the rotating speed of the large shaft of the steam turbine generator unit is measured, the sampling frequency is greater than or equal to 500Hz, and the waveform duration of the measured and recorded rotating speed is greater than or equal to 20 s.
4. The method for measuring torsional mode frequency of a steam turbine generator unit according to claim 1, wherein the amplitude-frequency calculation method in step (1) is to perform frequency spectrum analysis on the recorded waveform data of the rotating speed, obtain an amplitude-frequency calculation result by using fourier transform, select M maximum amplitude points in a sub-synchronous frequency segment in the amplitude-frequency calculation result, and the M frequencies corresponding to the maximum amplitude points are M roughly measured sub-synchronous torsional mode frequencies; m is the number of the sub-synchronous torsional vibration modal frequencies of the steam turbine generator unit known in advance; the frequency range of the subsynchronous frequency band is 10% f1～90％f1，f1Is the power frequency.
5. The method for measuring torsional vibration modal frequency of a steam turbine generator unit according to claim 1, wherein in the N excitation experiments in the step (2), the amplitude of the excitation control signal is kept unchanged, and the duration of the excitation is not less than 5 s.
6. The method for measuring torsional mode frequency of a steam turbine generator unit as claimed in claim 1, wherein f in step (2)mi.testIs distributed over fmiBoth sides of (a), (b), (c) and (d) fmi.testAnd fmiThe deviation of both sides of (a) is less than 0.5 Hz.
7. The method for measuring torsional vibration modal frequency of a steam turbine generator unit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the curve fitting in the step (3) is polynomial fitting.
8. The method for measuring the torsional vibration modal frequency of the steam turbine generator unit as claimed in claim 7, wherein the curve fitting in the step (3) is a cubic polynomial fitting.
9. The method for measuring the torsional vibration modal frequency of the steam turbine generator unit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the interpolation calculation method in the step (3) is cubic spline interpolation.
10. The method for measuring the torsional vibration modal frequency of the steam turbine generator unit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the value range of N is as follows: n is more than or equal to 5.
11. The utility model provides a turbo generator set subsynchronous torsional vibration modal frequency measuring device which characterized in that, including the following unit that connects gradually:
a frequency rough measurement unit: applying disturbance to change the rotating speed of the generator set, measuring the rotating speed of a large shaft of the generator set, and obtaining M roughly-measured subsynchronous torsional vibration modal frequencies by adopting an amplitude-frequency calculation method, wherein the ith subsynchronous torsional vibration modal frequency is fmiWherein i 1, 2.. said, M;
excitation experiment unit: sequentially carrying out excitation experiments on M roughly-measured synchronous torsional vibration modal frequencies, and after the generator is connected to the power grid and stably operates, superposing and injecting alternating current into a rotor winding of the generator or superposing and injecting three-phase symmetrical alternating current into a stator winding of the generator; the frequency selection of the excitation control signal is distributed on two sides of the roughly measured synchronous torsional vibration modal frequency; exciting each synchronous torsional vibration modal frequency for N times, wherein N is a positive integer, measuring the rotating speed of a large shaft of the unit and calculating the torsional vibration amplitude, so as to obtain N groups of frequency-torsional vibration amplitude data for each roughly measured synchronous torsional vibration modal frequency;
a data processing unit: and performing curve fitting or interpolation calculation on the frequency-torsional vibration amplitude data obtained by the excitation experiment unit, wherein in a curve obtained by the curve fitting or interpolation calculation, the frequency corresponding to the maximum value of the torsional vibration amplitude is the measurement result of the sub-synchronous torsional vibration modal frequency.
12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the disturbance in the coarse frequency measurement unit is: the generator is connected to the power grid, or the generator is used for load shedding, or a circuit pulling-closing experiment is carried out on a circuit for sending out the power of the generator, and the rotating speed of the generator set is changed through the disturbance.
13. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein when the coarse frequency measurement unit measures the rotation speed of the main shaft of the steam turbine generator unit, the sampling frequency is greater than or equal to 500Hz, and the duration of the rotation speed waveform recorded by measurement is greater than or equal to 20 s.
14. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the amplitude-frequency calculation method in the step frequency rough measurement unit is to perform spectrum analysis on the recorded waveform data of the rotation speed, obtain an amplitude-frequency calculation result by using fourier transform, select M maximum amplitude points in the sub-synchronous frequency segment of the amplitude-frequency calculation result, and the corresponding M frequencies are the M rough-measured sub-synchronous torsional mode frequencies; m is the number of the sub-synchronous torsional vibration modal frequencies of the steam turbine generator unit known in advance; the frequency range of the subsynchronous frequency band is 10% f1～90％f1，f1Is the power frequency.
15. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein in the N excitation experiments in the excitation experiment unit, the amplitude of the excitation control signal is kept constant, and the duration of the excitation is not less than 5 s.
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