CN113494483B - Fan blade - Google Patents

Fan blade Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113494483B
CN113494483B CN202010203367.9A CN202010203367A CN113494483B CN 113494483 B CN113494483 B CN 113494483B CN 202010203367 A CN202010203367 A CN 202010203367A CN 113494483 B CN113494483 B CN 113494483B
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China
Prior art keywords
carbon fiber
fiber layer
fan blade
composite body
blade
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CN202010203367.9A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN113494483A (en
Inventor
王少辉
曹源
倪晓琴
赵宪涛
刘传欣
史同承
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AECC Commercial Aircraft Engine Co Ltd
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AECC Commercial Aircraft Engine Co Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/02—Selection of particular materials
    • F04D29/023—Selection of particular materials especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/26—Rotors specially for elastic fluids
    • F04D29/32—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for axial flow pumps
    • F04D29/38—Blades
    • F04D29/388—Blades characterised by construction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/66—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing
    • F04D29/661—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F04D29/666—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps by means of rotor construction or layout, e.g. unequal distribution of blades or vanes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
    • Y02T50/60—Efficient propulsion technologies, e.g. for aircraft

Abstract

The invention provides a fan blade, which comprises a composite body made of a composite material, wherein at least one part of the composite body in the chord direction is a mixed composite body, the mixed composite body provides at least part of a blade root and at least part of a blade top of the fan blade, the thickness of the mixed composite body is gradually reduced from the blade root side to the blade top side in the span direction, the mixed composite body comprises a central carbon fiber layer, a first non-carbon fiber layer, a second non-carbon fiber layer, a first carbon fiber layer and a second carbon fiber layer in the thickness direction, the first non-carbon fiber layer and the second non-carbon fiber layer provide the outer contour of at least part of the blade top, the first carbon fiber layer and the second carbon fiber layer provide the outer contour of at least part of the blade root, and the toughness of the non-carbon fibers is greater than that of the carbon fibers. The fan blade can improve the shock resistance of the fan blade and adjust the rigidity of the fan blade.

Description

Fan blade
Technical Field
The invention relates to a fan blade.
Background
The large bypass ratio turbofan engine has the characteristics of low oil consumption, large take-off thrust, low noise, large windward area and the like, and is widely adopted by civil transporters. A large-size and light-weight fan blade is one of key parts of a turbofan engine with a large bypass ratio.
The composite material blade with the metal reinforcing edge and the edge covering is one of the schemes of light-weight fan blades with large bypass ratio which are successfully applied to aeroengines internationally at present. If the weight reduction effect of the lightweight fan blade is measured by the equivalent hollow rate (the weight of the actual blade/the weight of the solid titanium alloy blade with the same size), some composite material blades realize weight reduction of more than 60 percent of the equivalent hollow rate. Because of the better weight reduction effect, the fan blade containing the composite material becomes the mainstream of the development of the fan blade with light weight and large bypass ratio of each large engine company.
The fan blades containing composite materials are mainly woven by the same carbon fiber material. The inventor analyzes that the carbon fiber material has a large elastic modulus and a small failure strain (also called failure strain), so that when the fan blade bears bird strike impact load, the fan blade generates large bending deformation, the deformation of the upper surface and the lower surface of the fan blade is large, the strain on the surface of the fan blade is easy to be overlarge, cracks are generated, and the fan blade is further damaged and broken.
In addition, the inventors have considered that it is difficult to adjust the toughness and rigidity of the fan blade in the local region, for example, the different thickness position and the blade body position, as required, for the fan blade woven from the same carbon fiber material.
Accordingly, the present invention is directed to a fan blade that can improve the shock resistance of the fan blade or can adjust the toughness and stiffness of the fan blade.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a fan blade, which can improve the shock resistance of the fan blade and adjust the rigidity of the fan blade.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a fan blade, which can adjust the toughness and rigidity of the fan blade, and further adjust the natural frequency and vibration mode of the fan blade.
The invention provides a fan blade, which has a thickness direction, a spanwise direction and a chordwise direction, and comprises a composite body made of a composite material, at least one part of the composite body along the chordwise direction is a mixed composite body, the mixed composite body provides at least part of a blade root and at least part of a blade top of the fan blade, the thickness of the mixed composite body is gradually reduced from the blade root side to the blade top side along the spanwise direction, and the mixed composite body comprises the following components in the thickness direction: a central carbon fiber layer extending from the root side to the tip side; a first non-carbon fiber layer and a second non-carbon fiber layer which are respectively arranged on two sides of the central carbon fiber layer and provide the outer contour of at least part of the blade tip; a first carbon fiber layer disposed on the other side of the first non-carbon fiber layer opposite to the side on which the central carbon fiber layer is disposed; a second carbon fiber layer disposed on the other side of the second non-carbon fiber layer opposite to the side on which the central carbon fiber layer is disposed; wherein the first and second carbon fibre layers provide an outer contour of the at least part of the blade root; and the first and second non-carbon fiber layers each contain non-carbon fibers, the central carbon fiber layer, the first carbon fiber layer, and the second carbon fiber layer are composed of carbon fibers, and the non-carbon fibers have a higher toughness than the carbon fibers.
In one embodiment, the hybrid composite body is woven from weft fibers extending in a chord-wise direction and warp fibers extending in a span-wise direction.
In one embodiment, each warp fiber extends from the root side up to the end of the hybrid composite body distal from the root side.
In one embodiment, warp non-carbon fibers are used as the warp fibers in the first non-carbon fiber layer and the second non-carbon fiber layer; each warp-wise non-carbon fiber extends from the blade root side to an end of the mixed composite body away from the blade root side, and the span length of the warp-wise non-carbon fiber increases stepwise from the outer side to the inner side in the thickness direction.
In one embodiment, the first carbon fibre layer and the first non-carbon fibre layer are arranged symmetrically with respect to the central carbon fibre layer with respect to the second carbon fibre layer and the second non-carbon fibre layer, respectively, in a chordwise section perpendicular to a chordwise direction.
In one embodiment, the first carbon fiber layer and the second carbon fiber layer each have a spanwise length that is between 20% and 40% of the spanwise length of the hybrid composite body.
In one embodiment, the thickness of the first carbon fiber layer and the second carbon fiber layer each accounts for 20% to 30% of the thickness of the hybrid composite body; the thickness of the central carbon fiber layer accounts for 10% -20% of the thickness of the mixed composite body.
In one embodiment, the non-carbon fiber is polyimide.
In one embodiment, the composite body is entirely the hybrid composite body.
In one embodiment, the fan blade further comprises a metal body made of a metal material, the metal body being joined with the composite body to form the fan blade, wherein the metal body provides a leading edge of the fan blade and the composite body provides a trailing edge of the fan blade.
In the fan blade, the non-carbon fiber material with higher toughness and the carbon fiber material are mixed to form the composite material of the fan blade, so that the toughness of the fan blade can be increased, and the impact resistance can be improved. In particular, the carbon fiber material is adopted by the outer surface of the central area of the fan blade in the thickness direction and the outer surface of the blade root area on the blade root side, and the non-carbon fiber material is adopted by the outer surface of the blade top area on the blade top side, so that the impact resistance of the fan blade can be improved, and the strength and rigidity requirements of the fan blade can be met.
The toughness and the rigidity of the fan blade can be adjusted by locally increasing the toughness or adjusting the rigidity by changing the internal structure of the mixed composite body and the arrangement position of the mixed composite body along the chord direction, so that the natural frequency and the vibration mode of the fan blade can be adjusted.
Drawings
The above and other features, properties and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description of the embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a general schematic view of a fan blade.
Fig. 2 isbase:Sub>A sectional view taken along linebase:Sub>A-base:Sub>A of fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a partially enlarged view of a region B1 in fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a composite body in chord direction local area blending.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings, wherein the following description sets forth further details for the purpose of providing a thorough understanding of the present invention, but it is apparent that the present invention can be embodied in many other forms other than those described herein, and it will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention may be embodied in many different forms without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention.
For example, a first feature described later in the specification may be formed over or on a second feature, and may include embodiments in which the first and second features are formed in direct contact, and may also include embodiments in which additional features are formed between the first and second features, such that the first and second features may not be in direct contact. Further, when a first element is described as being coupled or joined to a second element, the description includes embodiments in which the first and second elements are directly coupled or joined to each other and also includes embodiments in which the first and second elements are indirectly coupled or joined to each other with the addition of one or more other intervening elements.
Fan blade 10 has a spanwise direction D1, a chordwise direction D2, and a thickness direction D3 (shown in fig. 2). Fig. 1 showsbase:Sub>A schematic view ofbase:Sub>A fan blade 10 perpendicular to the thickness direction D3, and fig. 2 showsbase:Sub>A cross-sectional view taken along linebase:Sub>A-base:Sub>A in fig. 1. The spanwise direction D1 means a direction extending generally between a root (or, rabbet) 11 and a tip (or, bucket tip) 12 of the fan blade 10. Chord direction D2 means a direction extending generally between a leading edge point P1 and a trailing edge point (or, trailing edge point) P2 of fan blade 10. The thickness direction D3 is substantially perpendicular to the chord direction D2. It is to be understood that the definition of orientation is merely intended to facilitate an understanding and description of the structure of the fan blade 10, and that "substantially" may include deviations on the order of ± 10 °, for example. The fan blade 10 can be fixed to, for example, a rotor by inserting the blade root 11 as a tenon into a corresponding mortise. It is to be understood that the drawings are designed solely for purposes of illustration and not as an isometric view and that no limitation on the scope of the invention is intended. It will also be understood that when a layer is referred to as being "between" two layers, it can be the only layer between the two layers, or one or more intervening layers may also be present.
The fan blade 10 comprises a composite body 1 made of a composite material. For example, in the embodiment shown in fig. 1, the entire fan blade 10 is mainly composed of two materials, namely, a metal material and a composite material, or the fan blade 10 further includes a metal body 2 made of a metal material, and the metal body 2 and the composite material 1 are combined together, for example, by co-curing molding, to constitute the fan blade 10. The metal body 2 provides the leading edge 13 of the fan blade 10, while the composite body 1 provides the trailing edge 14, in the figure, the blade body 15 is also provided mainly by the composite body 1. In the figure, white areas represent metallic materials and shaded areas represent composite materials. The blade root 11 and the blade tip 12 are provided partly by the composite body 1 and partly by the metal body 2.
At least a portion of the composite body 1 in the chord direction D2 may be a hybrid composite body 6, and an example configuration of the hybrid composite body 6 will be described in detail below. Referring to fig. 1, the composite body 1 of the fan blade 10 may be the entire hybrid composite body 6, in other words, the hybrid composite body 6 may extend in the chord direction D2 from the trailing edge 14 towards the leading edge 13 of the fan blade, in the case of fig. 1 including the metal body 2, up to be joined with the metal body 2 providing the leading edge 13, thereby constituting the entire composite body 1 of the fan blade 10. Referring to fig. 4, the composite body 1 of the fan blade 10 may include only one hybrid composite body 6 at two discrete positions along the chord direction D2.
The hybrid composite body 6 of the composite body 1 (in fig. 1, the entire composite body 1) provides at least part of the blade root 11 and at least part of the blade tip 12 of the fan blade 10.
Referring to fig. 2, the thickness of the mixed composite body 6 decreases stepwise from the blade root 11 side to the blade tip 12 side in the span direction D1. As shown in fig. 2, the root thickness T11 on the blade root 11 side is greater than the tip thickness T12 on the blade tip 12 side.
The hybrid composite body 6 includes the central carbon fiber layer 3, the first non-carbon fiber layer 41, the second non-carbon fiber layer 42, the first carbon fiber layer 51, and the second carbon fiber layer 52 in the thickness direction D3. The first and second non-carbon fiber layers 41 and 42 (which may be collectively referred to as non-carbon fiber layers) each contain non-carbon fibers, for example, are composed of non-carbon fibers, while the carbon fiber layers (including the central carbon fiber layer 3, the first carbon fiber layer 51, and the second carbon fiber layer 52) are composed of carbon fibers. The hybrid composite body 6 may be a hybrid structure in which carbon fibers and non-carbon fibers are co-woven.
The central carbon fibre layer 3 extends from the blade root 11 side up to the blade tip 12 side.
The first non-carbon fiber layer 41 and the second non-carbon fiber layer 42 are respectively arranged on both sides (in the thickness direction D3) of the central carbon fiber layer 3, providing the outer contour of at least part of the blade tip 12 provided by the aforementioned mixed composite body 6.
The first carbon fiber layer 51 is arranged on the other side of the first non-carbon fiber layer 41 opposite to the side on which the central carbon fiber layer 5 is arranged. In other words, the center carbon fiber layer 5 is arranged on the inner side of the first non-carbon fiber layer 41 in the thickness direction D3, and the first carbon fiber layer 51 is arranged on the outer side of the first non-carbon fiber layer 41. The second carbon fiber layer 52 is arranged on the other side of the second non-carbon fiber layer 42 opposite to the side on which the central carbon fiber layer 5 is arranged. In other words, the central carbon fiber layer 5 is arranged on the inner side of the second non-carbon fiber layer 42 in the thickness direction D3, and the second carbon fiber layer 52 is arranged on the outer side of the second non-carbon fiber layer 42. In general, the central carbon fibre layer 5 is sandwiched between a first non-carbon fibre layer 41 and a second non-carbon fibre layer 42.
The first and second carbon fibre layers 51, 52 provide the outer contour of at least part of the blade root 11 provided by the aforesaid hybrid composite body 6.
The non-carbon fibers (included in the first non-carbon fiber layer 41 and the second non-carbon fiber layer 42) have toughness higher than that of the carbon fibers (constituting the central carbon fiber layer 3, the first carbon fiber layer 51, and the second carbon fiber layer 52). In other words, the failure strain of the non-carbon fibers is larger, while the failure strain of the carbon fibers is smaller. Alternatively, the carbon fibers and non-carbon fiber materials may have different elastic moduli. The non-carbon fibers may be, for example, polyimide. It is understood that the non-carbon fibers may also be other materials having greater strain to failure than carbon fibers, such as high density polyethylene, fiberglass, and the like.
In the fan blade 10 configured as described above, referring to fig. 2, the thickness of the top side portion near the blade tip 12 side is small, and when a large impact load is applied, large bending deformation is generated, large strain is generated on the surfaces of the bent inner and outer materials, and the non-carbon fiber layers 41 and 42 provide the outer contour of the blade tip 12, that is, the non-carbon fiber material with large breaking strain is distributed on the surface of the fan blade 10, so that the breaking strain of the fan blade 10 at that position can be increased. The exposed surface of the tip side portion near the tip 12 side is made of a non-carbon fiber material, which may increase the impact resistance of the fan blade 10 and increase the failure strain of the exposed surface. The central carbon fiber layer 3 is arranged between the first non-carbon fiber layer 41 and the second non-carbon fiber layer 42, that is, the central interior portion is composed of a carbon fiber material, so that rigidity can be increased. Moreover, the exposed surface of the root side portion near the blade root 11 side is made of a carbon fiber material, which is more favorable for strength and rigidity when the tenon is fixed. Thus, the above configuration can satisfy both the strength and stiffness requirements of the fan blade 10.
The hybrid composite body 6 may be woven from weft fibers A2 extending in the chord direction D2 and warp fibers A1 (shown in fig. 1 and 3) extending in the span direction D1, or the entire composite body 1 may be woven from weft fibers A2 and warp fibers A1. In the illustrated embodiment, each warp fiber A1 extends from the blade root 11 side up to the end of the hybrid composite body 6 remote from the blade root 11 side; in other words, each warp fiber A1 extends from the blade root 11 side toward the blade tip 12 side to the bottom, or alternatively, the length of each warp fiber A1 constitutes the dimension of the hybrid composite body 6 in the span direction D1 at the corresponding position in the thickness direction D3.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 2, warp non-carbon fibers are used as the warp fibers A1 (shown in fig. 1 and 3) in the first non-carbon fiber layer 41 and the second non-carbon fiber layer 42. Each of the warp-wise non-carbon fibers may extend from the blade root 11 side up to the end of the hybrid composite body 6 away from the blade root 11 side, and the spanwise lengths of the warp-wise non-carbon fibers gradually increase from the outer side to the inner side in the thickness direction D3, so that the thickness of the portion of the hybrid composite body 6 (or, the composite body 1) composed of the first non-carbon fiber layer 41 and the second non-carbon fiber layer 42 gradually decreases from the blade root 11 side to the blade tip 12 side in the spanwise direction D1. For example, taking the second non-carbon fiber layer 42 as an example, the spanwise length L4w of the warp non-carbon fibers located outermost in the thickness direction D3 is smaller than the spanwise length L4n of the warp non-carbon fibers located innermost.
Warp carbon fibers are used as the warp fibers A1 in the first carbon fiber layer 51 and the second carbon fiber layer 52. Each warp-wise carbon fiber may extend from the blade root 11 side up to the end of the hybrid composite body 6 away from the blade root 11 side, and the spanwise length of the warp-wise carbon fiber increases stepwise from the outer side to the inner side in the thickness direction D3, so that the thickness of the portion of the hybrid composite body 6 (or, the composite body 1) constituted by the first carbon fiber layer 51 and the second carbon fiber layer 52 decreases stepwise from the blade root 11 side to the blade tip 12 side in the spanwise direction D1. For example, taking the first carbon fiber layer 51 as an example, the spanwise length L5w of the warp non-carbon fibers located outermost in the thickness direction D3 is smaller than the spanwise length L5n of the warp non-carbon fibers located innermost.
Generally, along the thickness direction D3, as the woven length increases near the center of the blade, the fan blade 10 gradually decreases in the span direction D1, and the non-carbon fiber material is exposed on the surface of the blade and extends to the position of the blade tip 12.
During the weaving, the weaving may be performed from the blade root 11 side toward the blade tip 12 side. The outermost warp fibers A1 in the thickness direction D3 are the shortest and the weave length is the smallest, and as the center position of the fan blade in the thickness direction D3 approaches, the length of the warp fibers A1 increases and the weave length also increases, while the thickness of the fan blade in the spanwise direction D1 gradually decreases from the blade root 11 side to the blade tip 12 side. At least, the two sides of the blade root 11 in the thickness direction D3 are exposed on the surface of the carbon fiber material, so that when the fan blade 10 is subjected to a large impact load, the deformation of the tenon is small, the strain generated by the material on the surface of the tenon is relatively small, and the carbon fiber material can bear the load without being damaged; the tip 12 is exposed to the surface of a non-carbon fiber material such as a polyimide material on both sides in the thickness direction D3, and extends up to the tip 12.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 2, in a chordwise section perpendicular to the chordwise direction D2, the first carbon fiber layer 51 and the first non-carbon fiber layer 41 may be arranged symmetrically with respect to the central carbon fiber layer 3 with respect to the second carbon fiber layer 52 and the second non-carbon fiber layer 42, respectively. Alternatively, the number and arrangement of the weft fibers A2 and the warp fibers A1 of the first carbon fiber layer 51 are the same as those of the weft fibers A2 and the warp fibers A1 of the second carbon fiber layer 52, and the number and arrangement of the weft fibers A2 and the warp fibers A1 of the second non-carbon fiber layer 41 are the same as those of the weft fibers A2 and the warp fibers A1 of the second non-carbon fiber layer 42.
The thicknesses of the central carbon fiber layer 3, the first non-carbon fiber layer 41, the second non-carbon fiber layer 42, the first carbon fiber layer 51 and the second carbon fiber layer 52 can be determined to specific values according to the design requirements of the fan blade, and the designability of the fan blade 10 can be increased.
Preferably, the spanwise lengths of the first and second carbon fiber layers 51 and 52 each account for 20% -40% of the spanwise length of the hybrid composite body 6. Here, the spanwise length of the first carbon fiber layer 51 and the second carbon fiber layer 52 means the maximum dimension of the first carbon fiber layer 51 and the second carbon fiber layer 52 in the spanwise direction D1, which is equal to the spanwise length L5n of the warp non-carbon fiber located at the innermost side in the embodiment shown in fig. 2. The spanwise length of the hybrid composite body 6 means the largest dimension of the hybrid composite body 6 in the spanwise direction D1, which in the embodiment shown in fig. 2 is equal to the spanwise length L4n of the warp non-carbon fibers located innermost.
Preferably, the thickness of the first carbon fiber layer 51 and the second carbon fiber layer 52 respectively accounts for 20% to 30% of the thickness of the mixed composite body 6. Here, the thickness of the first carbon fiber layer 51 and the second carbon fiber layer 52 means the maximum dimension of the first carbon fiber layer 51 and the second carbon fiber layer 52 in the thickness direction D3, and for example, the thickness T51 of the first carbon fiber layer 51 is shown in fig. 2 by taking the first carbon fiber layer 51 as an example. The thickness of the mixed composite body 6 (or the composite body 1) means the maximum dimension of the mixed composite body 6 (or the composite body 1) in the thickness direction D3, which is equal to the root-side thickness T11 on the blade root 11 side in the embodiment shown in fig. 2.
Preferably, the thickness of the central carbon fiber layer 3 accounts for 10% -20% of the thickness of the hybrid composite body 6 (or, alternatively, the composite body 1). The thickness T3 of the central carbon fibre layer 3 is shown in figure 2.
Referring to fig. 3, during the weaving of the weft fibers A2 and the warp fibers A1, different combinations are possible, one weft fiber A2 passes through one warp fiber A1, two or more weft fibers A2 pass through one warp fiber A1, and one weft fiber A2 passes through two or more warp fibers A1. In other words, different numbers of warp fibers A1 and different numbers of weft fibers A2 may be woven, increasing the designability of the fan blade 10 weave.
Referring to fig. 4, as described above, the composite body 1 is woven by a mixture of non-carbon fibers and carbon fiber materials in a partial region in the chord direction D2, and the other regions are woven by carbon fiber materials alone. The number and width of the hybrid composite bodies 6 may be set according to the design requirements of the fan blade 10, such that the stiffness and frequency of the fan blade 10 may be adjusted.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 2, the central carbon fiber layer 3, the first carbon fiber layer 51 and the second carbon fiber layer 52 are individually woven of a carbon fiber material, and the first non-carbon fiber layer 41 and the second non-carbon fiber layer 42 are individually woven of a polyimide material. However, the non-carbon fiber layer may include two or more materials, for example, polyimide and high-density polyethylene, and may even include carbon fiber as long as the non-carbon fiber in which damage should be changed is contained. In other words, the hybrid composite body 6 may be woven from two or even more than two woven materials, wherein the woven materials may have different moduli of elasticity or different failure strains from each other, the composite body 1 of the entire fan blade 10 may be based on a carbon fiber material, and other woven materials may increase the impact resistance of the fan blade 10 or adjust the frequency and mode shape of the fan blade 10.
The fan blade is made of two materials (carbon fiber and non-carbon fiber such as polyimide) with different elastic moduli, the non-carbon fiber material with larger breaking strain (or smaller elastic modulus) is positioned in a surface region of the fan blade with larger deformation under impact load by a specific weaving method, according to the characteristics of bending deformation of the material, the tensile strain of a bending outer surface and the compressive strain of a bending inner surface in the surface regions are the largest, and the material with larger breaking strain is adopted to increase the breaking strain of the fan blade for impact resistance or enhance the impact resistance of the fan blade, particularly when the fan blade is deformed greatly.
According to the fan blade, the carbon fiber materials with smaller breaking strain (or larger elastic modulus) are arranged on the two outermost sides of the blade root in the thickness direction through a specific weaving method, and the carbon fiber materials are also adopted in the central area of the whole fan blade in the thickness direction, so that the fan blade can have the rigidity meeting the requirement, and particularly the thicker area of the fan blade on the blade root side keeps larger rigidity.
The fan blades can be locally woven in different regions by adopting a mixed weaving structure or locally woven in different regions according to different mixed weaving modes and mixed weaving densities, for example, fiber materials with different elastic moduli are mixed and woven according to different proportions, the local rigidity or strength of the fan blades is changed or adjusted, the resonance frequency and the vibration mode of the fan blades are adjusted, and the designability of the fan blades is improved. For example, by using different or the same composite material bodies (or hybrid structures) in the local regions of the fan blades in the chord direction, the loads (centrifugal loads, bird strikes, fatigue, etc.) of the fan blades can be more reasonably distributed, and the strength of the fan blades can be increased.
Although the present invention has been disclosed in terms of preferred embodiments, it is not intended that the invention be limited to the disclosed embodiments, and that various changes and modifications can be effected therein by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. For example, the variations of the different embodiments may be combined as appropriate to produce yet another embodiment. Therefore, any modification, equivalent change and modification of the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention are within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention, unless the technical essence of the present invention departs from the content of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A fan blade having a thickness direction, a spanwise direction, and a chordwise direction, the fan blade comprising a composite body made of a composite material, at least a portion of the composite body in the chordwise direction being a hybrid composite body providing at least part of a blade root and at least part of a blade tip of the fan blade, the hybrid composite body progressively decreasing in thickness in the spanwise direction from a blade root side to a blade tip side,
the hybrid composite body includes in a thickness direction:
a central carbon fiber layer extending from the blade root side to the blade tip side;
a first non-carbon fiber layer and a second non-carbon fiber layer which are respectively arranged at two sides of the central carbon fiber layer and provide the outer contour of at least part of the blade top;
a first carbon fiber layer disposed on the other side of the first non-carbon fiber layer opposite to the side on which the central carbon fiber layer is disposed;
a second carbon fiber layer disposed on the other side of the second non-carbon fiber layer opposite to the side on which the central carbon fiber layer is disposed;
wherein the first and second carbon fibre layers provide an outer contour of the at least part of the blade root; and is
The first non-carbon fiber layer and the second non-carbon fiber layer both contain non-carbon fibers, the central carbon fiber layer, the first carbon fiber layer and the second carbon fiber layer are made of carbon fibers, and the toughness of the non-carbon fibers is greater than that of the carbon fibers;
the mixed composite body is a mixed weaving structure formed by mixing and weaving carbon fibers and non-carbon fibers.
2. The fan blade of claim 1,
the hybrid composite body is woven from weft fibers extending in a chord direction and warp fibers extending in a span direction.
3. The fan blade of claim 2,
each warp fiber extends from the blade root side to an end of the hybrid composite body distal from the blade root side.
4. The fan blade of claim 2,
in the first non-carbon fiber layer and the second non-carbon fiber layer, warp non-carbon fibers are used as the warp fibers;
each warp-wise non-carbon fiber extends from the blade root side to an end of the mixed composite body away from the blade root side, and the span-wise length of the warp-wise non-carbon fiber increases stepwise from the outer side to the inner side in the thickness direction.
5. The fan blade of claim 1,
the first carbon fiber layer and the first non-carbon fiber layer are arranged symmetrically with the second carbon fiber layer and the second non-carbon fiber layer, respectively, with respect to the central carbon fiber layer, on a chordwise cross section perpendicular to a chordwise direction.
6. The fan blade of claim 1,
the spanwise lengths of the first carbon fiber layer and the second carbon fiber layer both account for 20% -40% of the spanwise length of the mixed composite body.
7. The fan blade of claim 1,
the thicknesses of the first carbon fiber layer and the second carbon fiber layer respectively account for 20% -30% of the thickness of the mixed composite body;
the thickness of the central carbon fiber layer accounts for 10% -20% of the thickness of the mixed composite body.
8. The fan blade of claim 1,
the non-carbon fiber is polyimide.
9. The fan blade of claim 1,
the whole composite body is the mixed composite body.
10. The fan blade of claim 1,
the fan blade further comprises a metal body made of a metal material, and the metal body and the composite body are combined to form the fan blade, wherein the metal body provides a front edge of the fan blade, and the composite body provides a rear edge of the fan blade.
CN202010203367.9A 2020-03-20 2020-03-20 Fan blade Active CN113494483B (en)

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JP2005113908A (en) * 2003-09-05 2005-04-28 General Electric Co <Ge> Reinforced fan blade and its manufacturing method
CN1982698A (en) * 2005-12-15 2007-06-20 通用电气公司 Wind turbine rotor blade
CN102037247A (en) * 2008-03-28 2011-04-27 株式会社Ihi Blade of a gas turbine engine for an airplane, and a method for manufacturing the same
CN101705922A (en) * 2009-11-30 2010-05-12 株洲时代新材料科技股份有限公司 Large-scale composite material wind-power blade and preparation method thereof
CN102465844A (en) * 2010-11-04 2012-05-23 三一电气有限责任公司 Wind driven generator blade
CN108930664A (en) * 2017-05-24 2018-12-04 中国航发商用航空发动机有限责任公司 Mixed structure aeroengine fan blades
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