CN113494222A

CN113494222A - Opening and closing mechanism and train with same

Info

Publication number: CN113494222A
Application number: CN202010269341.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王坤; 苏仰旋; 刘辉; 张广鸣; 刘小波; 张春伟; 张安申
Original assignee: CRRC Qingdao Sifang Rolling Stock Research Institute Co Ltd
Current assignee: CRRC Qingdao Sifang Rolling Stock Research Institute Co Ltd
Priority date: 2020-04-08
Filing date: 2020-04-08
Publication date: 2021-10-12

Abstract

The application relates to an opening and closing mechanism and a train with the same. The driving device is connected with the locking device and is used for driving the locking device to rotate; the first end of the locking device is rotatably arranged on the bottom plate; the supporting arm is provided with a sliding groove, and the second end of the locking device is slidably positioned in the sliding groove; the first end of the supporting arm is rotatably arranged on the bottom plate; the second end of the supporting arm is connected with the fairing; the driving device drives the locking device to rotate, and the locking device drives the supporting arm to rotate through the sliding groove, so that the supporting arm opens or closes the fairing.

Description

Opening and closing mechanism and train with same

Technical Field

The application belongs to the technical field of machine manufacturing, and specifically relates to an opening and closing mechanism and a train with the same.

Background

In order to realize reconnection or return rescue on a train, a front end opening and closing mechanism is generally installed at a train head of a high-speed motor train unit. The front end opening and closing mechanism is an important part of the motor train unit, and is in a closed state during normal running of the motor train unit (namely in a non-reconnection state), and at the moment, a cabin door of the front end fairing is closed, so that the high-speed motor train unit has a good aerodynamic appearance, blades, dust and ice and snow are prevented from entering, and a coupler and other facilities inside the front end fairing are protected; the opening and closing mechanism can be automatically or manually opened under the condition of returning or rescuing, so that the front end fairing door is opened, and the full-automatic coupler is extended out to realize normal coupling of the coupler.

At present, a common front-end opening and closing structure generally consists of a pushing device and a locking device. In order to achieve opening and closing of the opening and closing mechanism and to achieve reliable locking, conventional opening and closing mechanisms are generally provided with a plurality of independent locking devices. Therefore, the opening and closing process and the locking process of the opening and closing mechanism are often completed by different actions, and two or more different cylinders are needed to complete the different actions to meet the requirements, so that the mechanical mechanism and the automatic control principle of the opening and closing mechanism are complex, the corresponding cost is high, and the reliability is reduced.

Chinese patent application CN201206386Y discloses a front hood opening and closing mechanism, which provides a four-bar linkage device to realize a swing mechanism to drive the left and right parts of the front hood to open and close automatically along a set track. The installation wing is rotated around a rotating shaft to realize the opening or closing function, and the implementation mode is that under the action of an opening and closing cylinder, a connecting seat is pulled to translate back and forth, and is applied to the installation wing through a connecting rod, so that the installation wing is opened and closed.

Disclosure of Invention

The application aims at the defects of the opening and closing mechanism of the existing railway vehicle and provides the opening and closing mechanism which is simple and reliable in structure and convenient to overhaul and the train with the opening and closing mechanism.

A first embodiment of the present application provides an opening and closing mechanism including a driving device, a locking device, and a support arm;

the driving device is connected with the locking device and is used for driving the locking device to rotate;

the first end of the locking device is rotatably arranged on the bottom plate;

the supporting arm is provided with a sliding groove, and the second end of the locking device is slidably positioned in the sliding groove;

the first end of the supporting arm is rotatably arranged on the bottom plate; the second end of the support arm is connected with the fairing;

the driving device drives the locking device to rotate, and the locking device drives the supporting arm to rotate through the sliding groove, so that the supporting arm opens or closes the fairing.

Optionally, the opening and closing mechanism is provided with a limit stop and is divided into a closing limit stop and an opening limit stop; for limiting the closing and opening of the fairing, respectively.

Optionally, each limit stop has a projection and a receiving portion, which interfere with each other to limit the closing or opening of the cowling.

Optionally, the opening and closing mechanism further comprises an elastic member, and the elastic member cooperates with the locking device, the supporting arm and the limit stop to realize self-locking of the opening and closing mechanism.

1. Optionally, the elastic member is disposed on the limit stopper so that the limit stopper can be elastically deformed. Alternatively, the elastic member is a contact portion having elasticity, which is provided on the projection and is compressible when contacting the receiving portion. Optionally, the contact portion is made by using a spring principle, or is made by using an elastic material.

2. Optionally, the resilient member is disposed between the locking device second end and the chute. At least at the contact point of the second end of the locking means with the chute, when the locking means is substantially perpendicular to the chute during opening and closing of the fairing.

2.1 optionally, the elastic member is arranged in the chute and is compressed when the locking means is substantially perpendicular to the chute during opening or closing of the fairing.

Optionally, the elastic member is made of a deformable material and is installed in the sliding groove.

Optionally, the resilient member forms a first gap in the chute having a width less than a diameter of the second end of the locking device. The elastic component can be a third bulge with elasticity, and a first gap is formed between the third bulge and the sliding groove; or the elastic member may be a third protrusion and a fourth protrusion having elasticity, which are oppositely disposed to form the first gap.

2.2 optionally, the resilient member is disposed at the locking device second end; the resilient member is compressed when the locking device is substantially perpendicular to the chute during opening or closing of the fairing.

Optionally, the elastic member is an elastic roller sleeved on the second end of the locking device.

Optionally, a second gap is provided in the chute, the second gap having a width smaller than the diameter of the second end of the locking device.

Optionally, the driving device is a power source pushing cylinder, and a piston rod of the driving device is connected to the locking device and is used for driving the locking device to rotate.

Optionally, the runner is arranged such that the locking means continues to move in the runner to achieve self-locking when the locking means is substantially perpendicular to the runner. Optionally, the sliding groove is arranged such that when the locking device is perpendicular to the sliding groove, there is still a margin L between a side of the sliding groove close to the second end of the support arm and the second end of the locking device, so that the locking device can continue to move in the sliding groove to achieve self-locking.

A second embodiment of the present application provides a train having an opening and closing mechanism according to any one of the above aspects. Optionally, the train has two symmetrically arranged opening and closing mechanisms.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a top perspective view of an embodiment of an opening and closing mechanism;

FIG. 2 is a bottom perspective view of FIG. 1;

FIGS. 3A-3I are opening flow diagrams of the opening and closing mechanism;

FIG. 4A is a view showing a closed state of an opening/closing mechanism according to another embodiment;

FIG. 4B is an open state diagram of the opening and closing mechanism corresponding to FIG. 4A;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a first resilient member;

FIGS. 6A to 6D are closing flow charts of the opening and closing mechanism having the first elastic member;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of one embodiment of a second elastic member;

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of another embodiment of a second elastic member;

FIG. 9 is a schematic view of an embodiment of a third elastic member;

fig. 10 is a schematic view of another embodiment of a third elastic member.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions of the present application are explained in detail below with reference to specific embodiments, however, it should be understood that elements, structures and features of one embodiment may be beneficially incorporated in other embodiments without further recitation.

In the description of the present application, it is noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance; "front", "rear", "left", "right", etc. are all relative to the orientation of the figures, and are not absolute limits on their position. The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present application, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present application, and various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present application by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present application should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present application.

As shown in fig. 1 to 4 (the cowling is omitted in fig. 1), a first embodiment of the present application provides an opening and closing mechanism including a driving device 1, a locking device 2, and a support arm 3.

The driving device 1 is connected with the locking device 2 and is used for driving the locking device 2 to rotate;

a first end 201 of the locking device is rotatably mounted on the base plate 4 so that the locking device 2 can be rotated by the driving device 1;

a sliding groove 5 is arranged on the supporting arm 3, and the second end 202 of the locking device is slidably positioned in the sliding groove 5;

the first end 301 of the support arm is rotatably mounted on the base plate 4; the second end 302 of the support arm is connected to the fairing 6;

the driving device 1 drives the locking device 2 to rotate, and the locking device 2 drives the support arm 3 to rotate through the chute 5, so that the support arm 3 opens or closes the fairing 6.

Alternatively, the driving device 1 adopts a power source pushing cylinder as shown in fig. 1 and 3A, a fixing part 7 of which can be installed on the bottom plate 4, and a piston rod 8 of which is hinged to the locking device 2 for driving the locking device 2 to rotate on the bottom plate 4. It should be noted that the driving device 1 is not limited to the power source pushing cylinder, and other devices capable of driving the locking device 2 to rotate are considered.

Optionally, as shown in fig. 3A and 3I, the opening and closing mechanism further includes a limit stopper 9, which can be divided into a closing limit stopper 10 and an opening limit stopper 11. Each limit stop 9 may comprise a projection 901 and a receptacle 902. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:

as shown in fig. 2 and 3C, the closing limit stopper 10 is disposed near the closed portion of the fairing 6, and includes a first protrusion 1001 and a first receiving portion 1002, one of which can restrict the other from continuing to move, and the first protrusion and the first receiving portion interact with each other and cooperate with each other to prevent the fairing 6 from continuing to close after reaching a set closing degree, thereby preventing damage to the fairing 6. As shown in fig. 3G and 3H, the opening limit stopper 11 is disposed near the opening of the cowling, and may include a second protrusion 1101 and a second receiving portion 1102, one of which may restrict the further movement of the other, which interact and cooperate with each other to prevent the cowling 6 from being opened further after reaching a predetermined opening degree.

Alternatively, as shown in fig. 3C, the first projection 1001 is provided on the bottom plate 4 near the closed portion of the cowl 6, and the first receiving portion 1002 is provided on the support arm 3 near the closed portion of the cowl 6. Alternatively, the positions of the first projection 1001 and the first receiving portion 1002 may be interchanged, that is, the first projection 1001 is provided on the support arm 3 near the closed portion of the cowling 6, and the first receiving portion 1002 is provided on the base plate 4 near the closed portion of the cowling 6.

Alternatively, as shown in fig. 3G, the second projection 1101 is provided on the base plate 4 near the opening of the cowling 6, and the second receiving portion 1102 is provided on the support arm 3 near the opening of the cowling 6. Or the arrangement positions of the second projection 1101 and the second receiving portion 1102 may be interchanged.

As an alternative embodiment, as shown in fig. 4A and 4B, the first projection 1001 is provided on the cowl 6 near the closed portion of the cowl 6, and the first receiving portion 1002 is provided on the floor panel 4 near the closed portion of the cowl 6. Or the positions of the first protrusion 1001 and the first receiving portion 1002 may be interchanged.

As an alternative embodiment, as shown in fig. 4A and 4B, the second projection 1101 is provided on the cowl 6 near the opening of the cowl 6, and the second receiving portion 1102 is provided on the floor 4 near the opening of the cowl 6. Or the arrangement positions of the second projection 1101 and the second receiving portion 1102 may be interchanged.

The position of the limit stopper 9 is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and the purpose thereof is to reduce damage to the cowl 6 by preventing the cowl 6 from being continuously closed or opened after a certain degree of opening and closing is achieved by the interference of the projection and the receiving portion.

Optionally, the runner 5 is arranged such that the locking device 2 can continue to move in the runner 5 to be self-locking when the locking device 2 is substantially perpendicular to the runner 5.

In particular, the slide slot 5 may be arranged such that when the locking device 2 is perpendicular to the slide slot, there is still a margin L between the side of the slide slot near the second end 302 of the support arm and the second end 202 of the locking device, as shown in fig. 3B and 6C, such that the locking device may continue to move in the slide slot and be self-locking.

Optionally, the opening and closing mechanism further has an elastic member 12, and by cooperating with the locking device 2, the supporting arm 3 and the limit stop 9, the opening and closing mechanism can be in a self-locking state in the closed state or the open state, so that the stability of the opening and closing mechanism is increased. Specifically, the elastic member 12 can be realized by at least the following three embodiments:

example 1

As shown in fig. 5, the limit stop 9 has an elastic member 12, so that the protrusion 901 can be elastically deformed (rather than rigidly contacted) after contacting with the receiving portion 902; thereby creating a self-locking.

Alternatively, the elastic member 12 is provided on the projection 901 or on the receiving portion 902.

Alternatively, the elastic member 12 is a contact portion 9011 having elasticity, and is preferably disposed on the protrusion 901, as shown in fig. 5. When receiving portion 902 comes into contact with convex contact portion 9011, contact portion 9011 is compressed, and when receiving portion 902 is separated from convex contact portion 9011, contact portion 9011 is restored.

The elastic contact portion 9011 may be implemented by using a spring principle, or may be made of an elastic material, for example, a material such as rubber.

In this embodiment, since the limit stop 9 has elasticity, the locking device, the support arm and the sliding groove can be considered to be all rigid structures, so that the structure is simpler and the production is more convenient. When the elastic member 12 needs to be replaced (e.g., damaged or aged), the replacement of the elastic member 12 is facilitated, which can improve the maintenance efficiency.

The operation and the operation principle of the opening and closing mechanism will be described with reference to embodiment 1 as an example. Shown in sequence in fig. 3A-3I are the steps of the opening and closing mechanism from the closed state to the open state, and when the steps are reversed (i.e., from 3I to 3A), the process of the opening and closing mechanism from the open state to the closed state; here, the drawings show two right and left opening/closing mechanisms, and the right opening/closing mechanism will be described as an example.

(1) And (3) opening process:

as shown in fig. 3A to 3H, the locking device 2 rotates counterclockwise around the bottom plate 4 under the action of the cylinder (retraction), the second end 202 of the locking device moves in the sliding slot 5, and simultaneously drives the supporting arm 3 to rotate clockwise, and the cowling 6 rotates clockwise to the open state under the drive of the supporting arm 3. In the opening process, the second protrusion 1101 of the opening limit stop 11 and the second receiving part 1102 contact with each other and start to collide with each other, and the support arm 3 cannot rotate continuously under the action of the opening limit stop 11; at this time, if the locking device 2 continues to rotate the second end 202, the elastic force of the elastic member 12 is overcome, so that the opening limit stopper 11 (e.g., the second protrusion 1101) is gradually deformed and compressed.

In fig. 3H, the locking device 2 is rotated to a position where its axis is substantially perpendicular to the central axis of the support arm, i.e. to the critical point of opening the mechanical "dead" point, where the rotation axis 203 of the locking device is closest to the support arm 3 and the elastic member 12 is compressed to the shortest position due to the interference of the second projection 1101 and the second receiving portion 1102. When the rotation of the locking device 2 is continued, and the second end 202 of the locking device continues to roll within the chute 5 (continues to move to the lower right in fig. 3H) under the action of the second projection 1101 and the second receiving portion 1102, thereby passing over the mechanical "dead point", the distance from the rotation shaft 203 to the support arm 3 is not the closest distance, and the elastic member 12 is fully or partially released, at which time the open state is defined, as shown in fig. 3I. In the situation shown in fig. 3I, if the second end 202 of the locking device is going to go past the mechanical dead point in the sliding groove in the opposite direction (i.e. to move to the left and upward), then it is necessary to apply an external force to compress the elastic member 12 from the situation of fig. 3I to the situation of fig. 3H (i.e. a force is required to further compress the elastic member 12), so that if no external force is applied, the locking device 2 is in a self-locking state in the situation of fig. 3I, which is a very stable state; even if the entire opening and closing mechanism is subjected to some vibration, the locking device 2 is not always caused to be out of the self-locking state, so that the opening and closing mechanism is maintained in the open position.

(2) And (3) closing process:

as shown in fig. 3I to 3A, still taking the right opening and closing mechanism as an example, the cylinder extends to push the locking device 2 to rotate clockwise, and due to the external force of the cylinder, the locking device 2 enters the "dead point" position (fig. 3H) from the opened self-locking state (fig. 3I), and then departs from the "dead point" position; at this time, the second end 202 of the locking device moves in the sliding slot 5, and simultaneously drives the support arm 3 to rotate counterclockwise, and the cowling 6 rotates counterclockwise to the closed state under the drive of the support arm 3. During the closing process, the first protrusion 1001 and the first receiving portion 1002 of the closing limit stopper 10 contact each other and start to collide against each other, the supporting arm 3 cannot rotate continuously under the action of the closing limit stopper 10, and at this time, if the locking device 2 continues to rotate the second end 202, the elastic force of the elastic member 12 needs to be overcome, so that the closing limit stopper 10 (for example, the first protrusion 1001) deforms gradually and is compressed.

In fig. 3B, the locking device 2 is rotated to a point where its central axis is substantially perpendicular to the central axis of the support arm, i.e. to a critical point of closing the mechanical "dead" point, where the rotation axis 203 of the locking device is closest to the support arm 3 and the elastic member 12 is compressed to the shortest state due to the interference of the first protrusion 1001 and the first receiving portion 1002. When the rotation of the locking device 2 is continued and the second end 202 of the locking device continues to roll in the slide groove 5 (continues to move to the upper right) under the action of the first projection 1001 and the first receiving portion 1002 so as to pass over the mechanical dead point, the distance from the rotary shaft 203 to the support arm 3 is not the closest distance, so that the elastic member 12 is fully or partially released, and the closed state is defined, as shown in fig. 3A. In the situation shown in fig. 3A, if the second end 202 of the locking device is going to go past the mechanical dead point in the sliding groove in the opposite direction (i.e. to move to the lower left), then it is necessary to apply an external force to compress the elastic member 12 from the situation of fig. 3A to the situation of fig. 3B, so that if no external force is applied, the locking device 2 is in another self-locking situation in the situation of fig. 3A, and is also in a very stable situation; thereby causing the opening and closing mechanism to be held in the closed position.

6A-6D (certain components omitted) further illustrate the closing process in an enlarged manner. From fig. 6A to 6B, when the first projection 1001 and the first receiving portion 1002 contact each other, the elastic member 12 (the contact portion 9011) starts to be compressed, as shown in fig. 6B; when the locking device 2 is rotated to a point where its central axis is substantially perpendicular to the central axis of the support arm, i.e. the closing mechanical "dead" threshold point is reached, the elastic member 12 is compressed to the maximum amount, as shown in fig. 6C; as the locking device 2 continues to be rotated, the second end 202 of the locking device continues to roll within the chute 5, thereby passing the mechanical "dead center" at which point the resilient member 12 is fully or partially released, at which point the closed state is defined, as shown in fig. 6D. Thereby achieving a closed self-locking state.

Example 2

As shown in fig. 7, the slide groove 5 is provided with a deformable elastic member 12, and when the locking device 2 is substantially perpendicular to the slide groove 5, the elastic member 12 is compressed.

Optionally, the elastic member 12 is made of a deformable and wear-resistant material and is mounted in the sliding groove 5. As shown in fig. 7, when the lock device 2 is substantially perpendicular to the chute 5, the elastic member 12 is compressed to the maximum amount, thereby being deformed; the resilient member 12 is shown compressed into a concave shape by the locking device second end 202. When the second end 202 of the locking device continues to move upward and rightward, the elastic member 12 is fully or partially restored, thereby achieving self-locking.

Or alternatively, as shown in fig. 8, the resilient member 12 forms a first gap 16 in the chute, the first gap having a width less than the diameter of the locking device second end 202. So that when the locking device second end 202 moves in the chute to the first gap 16, the resilient member 12 deforms and presses the locking device second end 202 through.

Alternatively, the elastic member 12 may be a third protrusion 17 having elasticity as shown in fig. 8, which forms the first gap 16 with the slide groove 5. Or the elastic member 12 may be a third protrusion 17 and a fourth protrusion 18 having elasticity as shown in fig. 8, which are oppositely disposed in the slide groove to form the first gap 16. The third and fourth projections may be made of conventional resilient and wear resistant materials such as rubber and the like.

During closing (direction of the rotational arrow in fig. 7 and 8), when the first projection 1001 and the first receiving portion 1002 contact each other, the second end 202 of the locking device continues to move toward the elastic member 12 (direction of the linear arrow in fig. 7 and 8), and gradually presses the elastic member 12. When the locking device 2 is rotated to a point where its central axis is substantially perpendicular to the central axis of the support arm, i.e. to a closing mechanical "dead" threshold point (at the first gap 16), the rotation axis 203 of the locking device is closest to the support arm 3 and the elastic member 12 is now compressed to a maximum; when the locking means 2 continues to be rotated, the second end 202 of the locking means continues to roll in the chute 5, thus passing the mechanical "dead point", at which point the distance of the axis of rotation 203 to the support arm 3 is not the closest distance, so that the elastic member 12 is fully or partially released, at which point the closed state is defined. Thereby achieving the self-locking state as described in embodiment 1. If unlocking is to be performed, additional force is required to pull the second end 202 of the locking device back through the resilient member 12 in the chute 5.

When the door is opened, the working principle is similar to that of the closing process, and the description is omitted here, and the operation can be understood in combination with embodiment 1.

Example 3

As shown in fig. 9 and 10, the second end 202 of the locking device is provided with a resilient member 12, the resilient member 12 being compressed when the locking device 2 is substantially perpendicular to the chute 5.

Alternatively, the elastic member 12 is made of a deformable and wear-resistant material and is mounted at least at the contact portion of the second end 202 of the locking device with the chute 5. Alternatively, the resilient member 12 is a resilient roller 19 mounted on the second end 202 of the locking device, and may be made of a conventional resilient and wear-resistant material such as rubber, and may rotate relative to the second end 202.

When the locking device 2 is substantially perpendicular to the chute 5, the elastic member 12 is compressed to the maximum amount by the chute 5, thereby being deformed; as shown in fig. 9, a portion of the roller 19 near the chute 5 (upper left of the roller) is almost pressed by the chute 5 as a straight line. When the second end 202 of the locking device continues to move upward and to the right, the roller 19 is fully or partially restored.

Optionally, as shown in fig. 10, a second gap 20 is provided in the sliding groove 5, and the width of the second gap is smaller than the diameter of the second end 202 of the locking device; so that when the second end 202 of the locking device moves in the slide groove, the elastic member 12 thereof deforms at the second gap 20 and is pressed through by the second gap 20.

This embodiment is carried out similarly to embodiment 2, i.e. the elastic member 12 of the second end of the locking device is maximally compressed at the second gap, forming a "dead point". The working process is not described in detail, and can be understood by referring to the embodiment 1.

The above examples 2 and 3 can be summarized as: the resilient member 12 is mounted at the contact point of the second end of the locking device with the slide groove, in particular when the locking device 2 is substantially perpendicular to the slide groove 5. Based on this, it is considered that the solution of embodiment 2 and the solution of embodiment 3 can be used in combination, for example, the elastic member 12 is provided at the second end 202 of the locking device, and the elastic member 12 is also provided at the chute 5. However, the resilient member 12 is more easily replaced by being disposed at the second end 202 of the locking device than by being disposed in the chute 5; especially, when the elastic member is made of an elastic material, since it is easily worn or aged, it is more convenient to replace it by embodiment 3.

A second embodiment of the present application provides a train, wherein two symmetrically arranged opening and closing mechanisms are arranged at the end of the train, and each opening and closing mechanism adopts the opening and closing mechanism. The train can be a high-speed rail, a motor train unit, a subway and other conventional railway vehicles.

Claims

1. An opening and closing mechanism includes a driving device, a locking device and a support arm; it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

the first end of the locking device is rotatably arranged on the bottom plate;

the driving device drives the locking device to rotate, and the locking device drives the supporting arm to rotate through the sliding groove, so that the supporting arm opens or closes the fairing;

the opening and closing mechanism is provided with a limit stop and comprises a closing limit stop and an opening limit stop.

2. The opening and closing mechanism according to claim 1, wherein the opening and closing mechanism further comprises an elastic member for self-locking the opening and closing mechanism by cooperating with the locking means, the support arm and the limit stop.

3. The opening-closing mechanism according to claim 2, wherein the elastic member is provided on the limit stopper so that the limit stopper can be elastically deformed.

4. The opening and closing mechanism according to claim 3, wherein each limit stopper has a projection and a receiving portion which interfere with each other to restrict the opening or closing of the cowling; the elastic member is a contact portion having elasticity, which is provided on the projection and is compressible when contacting the receiving portion.

5. The opening and closing mechanism of claim 2, wherein the resilient member is disposed between the second end of the locking device and the chute.

6. The opening-closing mechanism according to claim 5, wherein the elastic member is provided at least at a contact portion of the second end of the locking device with the chute; the contact portion is a contact portion of the second end of the locking device with the chute when the locking device is substantially perpendicular to the chute during opening and closing of the cowling; alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,

the elastic component is arranged in the sliding groove; the elastic member is compressed when the locking means is substantially perpendicular to the chute during opening or closing of the fairing; alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,

the elastic member is arranged at the second end of the locking device; the resilient member is compressed when the locking device is substantially perpendicular to the chute during opening or closing of the fairing.

7. The opening and closing mechanism of claim 6, wherein when the resilient member is disposed at the second end of the locking device, the resilient member is a resilient roller that is fitted over the second end of the locking device.

8. An opening and closing mechanism according to claim 2, wherein the chute is arranged such that the locking means continues to move in the chute to achieve self-locking when the locking means is perpendicular to the chute.

9. A train having an opening and closing mechanism, characterized in that the opening and closing mechanism is the opening and closing mechanism according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. The train according to claim 9, wherein there are two symmetrically arranged opening and closing mechanisms.