CN113493359A - 一种长效缓释微生物甘蔗专用有机无机复混肥料及其生产方法 - Google Patents
一种长效缓释微生物甘蔗专用有机无机复混肥料及其生产方法 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
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- C05B1/04—Double-superphosphate; Triple-superphosphate; Other fertilisers based essentially on monocalcium phosphate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种长效缓释微生物甘蔗专用有机无机复混肥料及其生产方法。首先将风化煤用活化剂和催化剂进行活化,得到活性风化煤,再将活性风化煤、氨基酸和高温发酵菌进行发酵,得到发酵好的有机熟料,最后将长效缓释剂、有机熟料、氮磷钾无机养分、中量元素、复合微量元素、腐殖酸硅和复合微生物菌剂,经计算机按比例计量、粉碎、混合、造粒、烘干、筛分、计量包装得到产品。该肥料含有甘蔗生长所必需的氮、磷、钾、硅、钙、镁、硫、硼、锌、铁、锰、铜、稀土、腐殖酸、氨基酸、有机质、微生物有效活菌及缓释剂;该肥料有效养分齐全,肥料利用率高,肥效期长,能满足甘蔗的生长需求,施用该肥能大大减少病虫害的发生,有效提高甘蔗的含糖量和甘蔗的产量。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于有机无机复混肥料生产技术领域,涉及一种长效缓释微生物甘蔗专用有机无机复混肥料及其生产方法。
背景技术
甘蔗是广西重要的糖料作物,种植面积约1150万亩,占国家甘蔗种植面积的60%左右,平均亩产甘蔗5吨左右,产量偏低。由于受传统用肥观念的影响,糖厂蔗区多年来主要是用无机复混肥料,氮磷钾比例只注重氮、磷(因磷素价格较低)的作用,对钾、有机质、中微量元素、长效缓释剂及微生物菌剂补充不足。结果是:土壤劣化,肥效不佳,肥效期短,肥料利用率低,大部分有效养分流失掉了,无法供给甘蔗各时期的需要,最终导致甘蔗的产量和糖分较低,同时造成肥料浪费和污染环境。
发明内容
本发明的目的就是为了解决上述无机复混肥料造成的土壤劣化,肥效不佳,肥效期短,肥料利用率低和污染环境等问题,我们提出了一种按甘蔗生长期、发育期、成熟期养分需求比例进行合理配比,添加长效缓释剂、含活性腐殖酸的有机熟料、无机氮磷钾养分、中微量元素和复合微生物菌剂等混配而成的长效缓释微生物甘蔗专用有机无机复混肥料。
实现上述发明目的的技术方案是:一种长效缓释微生物甘蔗专用有机无机复混肥料,其由以下按重量百分比的原料组成:
上述各组分原料都应分别粉碎好做备用。首先将长效缓释剂与氯化钾粉混合均匀,再与有机熟料、尿素粉、重过磷酸钙、中量元素、复合微量元素、腐殖酸硅和复合微生物菌剂充分混合均匀,经造粒机造粒,粒径1~5mm,经低温干燥、筛分、计量包装,得到产品。
本发明具有以下优势:
改良土壤
本发明使用的含活性腐殖酸的有机熟料和复合微生物菌剂本身就是营养性物质,其可促进土壤团粒结构的形成,能改善土壤结构,提高土壤的保水、透气能力;活性腐殖酸拥有多种功能基因,,可调节土壤的酸碱度,还可以通过络合、螯合、还原作用将有毒的重金属固定在土壤表面,以降低重金属的毒性;此外,其还可以为土壤微生物提供充足的碳源和能源,提高土壤微生物活性。
养分平衡,肥效期长
本发明依据广西土壤中氮、磷、钾、养分供应状况,甘蔗对氮、磷、钾养分的需求和大量田间肥料实验结果确定的氮、磷、钾养分配比,养分配比合理,养分平衡,其中长效缓释剂可使氮素肥效延长;复合微生物菌剂可以提高磷素利用率,激活土壤中的磷素使迟效磷变成速效磷,还可以提高钾的利用率;复合微量元素可以解决缺素症,保持土壤中养分平衡;在长效缓释剂、含活性腐殖酸的有机熟料和复合微生物菌剂的共同作用下,肥料利用率可提高20%左右,肥效期可达120~150天,远远高于等含量的无机肥的肥效期。
减少病虫害的发生
本发明使用的复合微生物菌剂和腐殖酸硅对病虫害具有很好的抑制作用,其中复合微生物菌剂的拮抗作用及其放线菌的功能,能有效杀灭或抑制土壤中的有害病菌;而腐殖酸硅能显著提高甘蔗的抗病虫能力,减少甚至消除病虫危害,甘蔗吸收二氧化硅后,可是甘蔗表面形成一种较硬的硅化细胞,使茎叶表层细胞壁加厚,角质层增加,形成一个坚固的保护层,使昆虫不易咬动,病菌难以入侵。此外,施过硅肥的甘蔗还会产生一种令昆虫讨厌的气味,使害虫远离甘蔗。这种应用效果已在广西灵山县种植点、广西忻城县种植点和南宁武鸣区种植点的实验中得到验证,这些种植点整年都未使用过任何农药,均未发现病虫害。
生产成本降低
本产品生产成本相对同类包膜缓释产品低较多,成本在同类肥料中最低,在有效时间上完全可以替代肥效期相对较短的包膜缓释肥料。
提高产量
本肥配方合理,有效养分齐全,肥料利用率高,肥效期长,能满足甘蔗生长的需求,使用该肥能大大减少病虫害的发生,有效提高甘蔗的产量。经2019年在广西扶绥县大面积推广应用,在大旱之年,还能取得平均亩产8吨以上,比广西平均亩产甘蔗5吨,提高60%以上。
提高甘蔗的含糖量
本肥含有水溶性腐殖酸、氨基酸、有机质、锌、硼、镁和稀土等养分,供甘蔗直接吸收利用,从而提高了甘蔗的含糖量,经对用本肥种植的甘蔗进行测试,含糖量为16.3%,比广西的平均含糖量14%左右,提高16.4%。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例详述本发明。
实施例:一种长效缓释微生物甘蔗专用有机无机复混肥料,其生产方法是:按N∶P2O5∶K2O∶有机质=14∶7∶9∶20的比例指导配肥,按照中华人民共和国有机无机复混肥料GB18877-2009标准来生产,下面以生产1000千克产品为例来下料,称取长效缓释剂10千克,有机熟料粉298千克,尿素粉305千克,重过磷酸钙粉163千克,氯化钾粉150千克,中量元素(硫酸镁)10千克,复合微量元素粉10千克,腐殖酸硅粉50千克,复合微生物菌剂4千克,首先将长效缓释剂与氯化钾粉混合均匀,再与有机熟料粉、重过磷酸钙粉、中量元素、复合微量元素粉、腐殖酸硅粉和复合微生物菌剂充分混合均匀,经造粒机造粒、低温干燥、筛分、计量包装,得到产品。
该肥料氮磷钾总含量≥30.0%,有机质(干基)≥20.0%,中量元素(SiO2+Ca+Mg+S)≥5.0%,复合微量元素(Mn+Fe+Zn+Mo+B+Cu)≥0.25%,水溶性腐殖酸含量≥4.0%,氨基酸含量≥1.8%,水分含量≤10%,符合国家有机无机复混肥料标准的要求,能满足甘蔗生长的需求。
施用方法
施用量为:150千克/亩/年
基肥
按照每亩用70千克长效缓释微生物甘蔗专用有机无机复混肥料的标准,把肥料撒施在新植蔗的种植沟中或缩根蔗松兜时的沟中,新植蔗要在肥上盖土6厘米,再把甘蔗种种上,盖土即可;缩根蔗施肥后盖上土即可。
追肥
按照每亩用80千克长效缓释微生物甘蔗专用有机无机复混肥料的标准,在甘蔗大生长期(每年6月15日至6月30日),结合中耕培土,将长效缓释微生物甘蔗专用有机无机复混肥料施在甘蔗根系附近,同时对甘蔗进行培土,保证肥料被土覆盖。
应用效果
我们在广西扶绥县的同一片地块中量出100亩地,分成两块,每块50亩,对糖厂提供的42号蔗种进行对比试验,对照组用等养分的无机复混肥,实验组用长效缓释微生物甘蔗专用有机无机复混肥料,实验结果如下:
对照组平均亩产甘蔗5.17吨,含糖量为14.1%,实验组平均亩产8.38吨,含糖量为16.3%,实验组甘蔗产量比对照组增产62%,实验组甘蔗含糖量比对照组提高15.6%。
实践证明:长效缓释微生物甘蔗专用有机无机复混肥料配方科学,营养丰富,肥效期长,肥料利用率高,能减少病虫害的发生,能显著提高甘蔗的产量和甘蔗的含糖量。
Claims (6)
2.按照权利要求1所述的肥料的加工方法,其特征在于:首先将长效缓释微生物甘蔗专用有机无机复混肥料所用的原材料分别粉碎好做备用,然后将长效缓释剂与氯化钾粉混合均匀,再与有机熟料、尿素粉、重过磷酸钙、中量元素、复合微量元素、腐殖酸硅和复合微生物菌剂充分混合均匀,经造粒、低温干燥、筛分、计量包装,得到产品。
3.有机熟料的加工方法,其特征在于:
(1)活性风化煤的加工:将有机质(干基)含量≥95%,腐殖酸(干基)含量≥30%,含水量≤45%的风化煤粉碎过80目筛,按91.7%风化煤粉与8%的活化剂1(碳酸氢铵)混合均匀,得到混合物料1,再称取风化煤重量10%的水,加入0.19%的活化剂2和0.11%催化剂,搅拌至完全溶解后,喷到混合物料1中,充分搅拌均匀,堆放成宽2米,高1.5米,长度不限的长条,并用塑料布盖好压实,密封反应120小时,得到活性风化煤。该活性风化煤的有机质(干基)含量为81.5%,总腐殖酸(干基)含量为25.7%,水溶性腐殖酸含量为21.8%
(2)有机熟料的加工:将1.8%的糖蜜粉和0.2%的高温发酵菌溶入干净的井水中(如用自来水要存放24小时以上),水的用量以控制发酵物料总水分≤45%为宜,搅拌均匀后,静止活化4个小时以上,得到活化菌液;再将88%的活性风化煤和10%的氨基酸混合均匀,然后边搅拌边喷入活化菌液,喷完后再搅拌5分钟,并将混合料堆放成宽2米,高1.5米,长度不限的长条,并用塑料布盖好压实,密封反应15天,期间如果物料温度超过50℃,则应翻堆后再发酵,15天后取出晾干至水分≤25%,粉碎后得到有机熟料。该有机熟料的有机质(干基)含量为81%,总腐殖酸(干基)含量为22%,水溶性腐殖酸含量为18.7%,氮含量为3.4%,氨基酸含量为8.1%。
4.长效缓释剂的加工方法,其特征在于:将10~25%的腐殖酸钾粉末、3~8%的植物生长调节剂、3~8的农用硝酸稀土、15~25%的硝化抑制剂、10~25%的复合氨基酸和15~25%的活性炭粉按重量比例混合,并粉碎至500目,得到长效缓释剂。
5.复合微量元素的加工方法,其特征在于:将30~40%的一水硫酸锰、10~15%的螯合铁、15~30%的硼酸、2~5%的五水硫酸铜、15~30%的一水硫酸锌和5~8%的四水钼酸铵按重量比例混合均匀,并粉碎至100目,得到复合微量元素。
6.复合微生物菌剂的加工方法,其特征在于:
(1)高温发酵菌剂的加工:将酵母菌、乳酸杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、硝化细菌、放线菌、复合光合细菌等有益微生物及藻类营养素、活性酶、光合催化剂等多种营养素组合而成,其活菌总数≥200亿/克。
(2)复合功能菌剂的加工:将圆褐固氮菌、巨大芽孢杆菌、胶冻样芽孢杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、侧孢芽孢杆菌等多种菌剂复配成复合微生物功能菌剂,其活菌总数≥500亿/克。
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