CN113493353A - Sludge fermentation method - Google Patents
Sludge fermentation method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN113493353A CN113493353A CN202010199573.7A CN202010199573A CN113493353A CN 113493353 A CN113493353 A CN 113493353A CN 202010199573 A CN202010199573 A CN 202010199573A CN 113493353 A CN113493353 A CN 113493353A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- fermentation
- sludge
- mixing
- days
- anaerobic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000010564 aerobic fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000003077 lignite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000002779 inactivation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 241001148471 unidentified anaerobic bacterium Species 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000186361 Actinobacteria <class> Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000017060 Arachis glabrata Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000105624 Arachis hypogaea Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010777 Arachis hypogaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000018262 Arachis monticola Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000228212 Aspergillus Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000063299 Bacillus subtilis Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000014469 Bacillus subtilis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000222120 Candida <Saccharomycetales> Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000186660 Lactobacillus Species 0.000 claims 1
- 229940039696 lactobacillus Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 4
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001148470 aerobic bacillus Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F7/00—Fertilisers from waste water, sewage sludge, sea slime, ooze or similar masses
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/02—Biological treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/02—Biological treatment
- C02F11/04—Anaerobic treatment; Production of methane by such processes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a sludge fermentation method, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: mixing lignite, sludge, straws and strains in a ratio of 1:2: 6: mixing the materials according to the proportion of 0.2 to obtain a premixed material, adding pall rings made of polypropylene into the premixed material to perform secondary mixing to form a mixed material, conveying the mixed material into a fermentation tank with a ventilation pipeline to perform aerobic fermentation, turning the pile every 3-5 days during the fermentation, wherein the fermentation time is 15-30 days, screening the material which is mature in fermentation, removing the pall rings and straws to obtain a primary fermented material, performing high-temperature inactivation treatment on the primary fermented material obtained in the previous step, cooling, adding anaerobic bacteria into the cooled material, mixing, adding the material into a sealed fermentation tank to perform anaerobic fermentation, wherein the anaerobic fermentation time is 10-15 days to obtain a finished product, promoting the reduction of harmful substances in sludge, and using the sludge as an organic fertilizer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of sludge treatment of sewage treatment plants, in particular to a sludge fermentation method.
Background
In recent years, with the continuous increase of domestic sewage yield and treatment rate and the improvement of treatment standards in China, the sludge yield is increased year by year, a large amount of organic matters, nitrogen, phosphorus and other nutrient substances, pathogenic bacteria, heavy metals and other pollutants from sewage treatment plants are finally concentrated in sludge, so that sludge treatment has great significance and is significant for realizing emission reduction targets. The sludge treatment generally comprises methods such as landfill, fertilizer preparation, power generation, heating and the like. The landfill is to carry out deep landfill on some inseparable and unavailable substances in the land, so that the nature is decomposed through long-time physical and chemical treatment; the fertilizer preparation is to utilize organic matters in the sludge to prepare agricultural fertilizer for use; during power generation and heating, the sludge is utilized for pyrolysis fermentation, and heat energy and methane are generated in secondary fermentation, and among the treatment methods, fertilizer preparation is the most economical and effective utilization way.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a sludge fermentation method, which promotes the reduction of harmful substances in sludge by using aerobic bacteria added in the sludge as a medium and uses the sludge as an organic fertilizer.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a sludge fermentation method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
1) mixing lignite, sludge, straws and strains in a ratio of 1:2: 6: 0.2 to obtain a premixed material, wherein the water content of the lignite is 15-20%, the water content of the sludge is 60-65%, and the water content of the straw is 30-50%;
2) adding a pall ring made of polypropylene into the premixed material and mixing again to form a mixed material;
3) conveying the mixed material to a fermentation tank with an air duct for aerobic fermentation, and turning the pile every 3-5 days during the fermentation, wherein the fermentation time is 15-30 days;
4) screening the fermented material, and removing pall rings and straws to obtain a primary fermented material;
5) carrying out high-temperature inactivation treatment on the primary fermentation material obtained in the step and then cooling;
6) adding anaerobic bacteria into the cooled material, mixing, and adding into a sealed fermentation tank for anaerobic fermentation;
7) and the anaerobic fermentation time is 10-15 days to obtain the finished product.
As a further improvement of the invention, the straw can be replaced by one or a mixture of more of mushroom residue, peanut shell powder, rice hull and sawdust.
As a further improvement of the invention, the sludge is crushed in the step 1).
As a further improvement of the invention, the strain is a mixed strain of actinomycetes, lactic acid bacteria, mesophilic bacteria, bacillus subtilis, candida and aspergillus.
As a further improvement of the invention, the aerobic fermentation temperature in the step 3) is controlled between 55 and 65 ℃, and a water jacket with a heating wire is adopted for temperature control.
As a further improvement of the invention, the sludge is subjected to ultrasonic pretreatment in the step 1).
The beneficial effects of the invention are concentrated and embodied in that the sludge is effectively reduced by adopting a method of combining aerobic fermentation and anaerobic fermentation, the loose structure of lignite is used as a ventilation structure in sludge fermentation, the straws are supplemented as an adsorption medium of microorganisms, and the pall ring is supplemented as a strain aggregation carrier, so that harmful substances in the sludge are fully treated.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A sludge fermentation method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
1) mixing lignite, sludge, straws and strains in a ratio of 1:2: 6: 0.2 to obtain a premixed material, wherein the water content of the lignite is 15-20%, the water content of the sludge is 60-65%, and the water content of the straw is 30-50%;
2) adding a pall ring made of polypropylene into the premixed material and mixing again to form a mixed material;
3) conveying the mixed material to a fermentation tank with an air duct for aerobic fermentation, and turning the pile every 3-5 days during the fermentation, wherein the fermentation time is 15-30 days;
4) screening the fermented material, and removing pall rings and straws to obtain a primary fermented material;
5) carrying out high-temperature inactivation treatment on the primary fermentation material obtained in the step and then cooling;
6) adding anaerobic bacteria into the cooled material, mixing, and adding into a sealed fermentation tank for anaerobic fermentation;
7) and the anaerobic fermentation time is 10-15 days to obtain the finished product.
Furthermore, the straw can be replaced by one or a mixture of mushroom residue, peanut shell powder, rice hull and sawdust.
Further, the sludge is crushed in the step 1).
Further, the strain is a mixed strain of actinomycetes, lactic acid bacteria, mesophilic bacteria, bacillus subtilis, candida and aspergillus.
Further, the aerobic fermentation temperature in the step 3) is controlled between 55 and 65 ℃, and a water jacket with a heating wire is adopted for temperature control.
Further, in the step 1), the sludge is subjected to ultrasonic pretreatment.
The beneficial effects of the invention are concentrated and embodied in that the sludge is effectively reduced by adopting a method of combining aerobic fermentation and anaerobic fermentation, the loose structure of lignite is used as a ventilation structure in sludge fermentation, the straws are supplemented as an adsorption medium of microorganisms, and the pall ring is supplemented as a strain aggregation carrier, so that harmful substances in the sludge are fully treated.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (6)
1. A sludge fermentation method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
1) mixing lignite, sludge, straws and strains in a ratio of 1:2: 6: 0.2 to obtain a premixed material, wherein the water content of the lignite is 15-20%, the water content of the sludge is 60-65%, and the water content of the straw is 30-50%;
2) adding a pall ring made of polypropylene into the premixed material and mixing again to form a mixed material;
3) conveying the mixed material to a fermentation tank with an air duct for aerobic fermentation, and turning the pile every 3-5 days during the fermentation, wherein the fermentation time is 15-30 days;
4) screening the fermented material, and removing pall rings and straws to obtain a primary fermented material;
5) carrying out high-temperature inactivation treatment on the primary fermentation material obtained in the step and then cooling;
6) adding anaerobic bacteria into the cooled material, mixing, and adding into a sealed fermentation tank for anaerobic fermentation;
7) and the anaerobic fermentation time is 10-15 days to obtain the finished product.
2. The sludge fermentation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the straw can be replaced by one or more of mushroom residue, peanut shell powder, rice hull and sawdust.
3. The sludge fermentation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the sludge is crushed in the step 1).
4. The sludge fermentation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the strain is a mixed strain of actinomycetes, lactobacillus, mesophilic bacteria, bacillus subtilis, candida and aspergillus.
5. The sludge fermentation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 3), the aerobic fermentation temperature is controlled to be 55-65 ℃, and a water jacket with a heating wire is adopted for temperature control.
6. The sludge fermentation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the sludge is subjected to ultrasonic pretreatment in the step 1).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010199573.7A CN113493353A (en) | 2020-03-20 | 2020-03-20 | Sludge fermentation method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010199573.7A CN113493353A (en) | 2020-03-20 | 2020-03-20 | Sludge fermentation method |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN113493353A true CN113493353A (en) | 2021-10-12 |
Family
ID=77994345
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010199573.7A Pending CN113493353A (en) | 2020-03-20 | 2020-03-20 | Sludge fermentation method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN113493353A (en) |
Citations (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1858025A (en) * | 2005-04-30 | 2006-11-08 | 厦门闽星环境工程服务有限公司 | Processing technology for converting mud into fertilizer |
| CN102029107A (en) * | 2010-10-26 | 2011-04-27 | 陕西科技大学 | Method for processing leather-making malodorous gas by biological filter |
| CN102249508A (en) * | 2011-06-02 | 2011-11-23 | 广州科城环保科技有限公司 | Method for comprehensively utilizing sludge in recycling mode |
| CN103467149A (en) * | 2013-09-17 | 2013-12-25 | 厦门绿标生物科技有限公司 | Method for processing sludge by using complex microbial agent |
| CN103508768A (en) * | 2013-10-22 | 2014-01-15 | 谢明英 | Preparation technology for bio-organic fertilizer by using sludge as raw material |
| CN103880172A (en) * | 2014-03-23 | 2014-06-25 | 北京工业大学 | High-efficiency method for culturing nitrosified bio-membrane |
| CN105198579A (en) * | 2015-09-22 | 2015-12-30 | 中国农业科学院草原研究所 | Method for utilizing sludge for producing nutrient soil and product |
| CN105732206A (en) * | 2016-03-08 | 2016-07-06 | 廖海涛 | Method for preparing biological organic fertilizer by utilizing organic wastes |
| CN105967771A (en) * | 2016-04-29 | 2016-09-28 | 金中钟 | Sludge decomposition pretreatment method |
| CN106867545A (en) * | 2017-02-23 | 2017-06-20 | 北京绿安创华环保科技股份有限公司 | A kind of saline-alkali soil restoration agent, preparation method and applications from sludge |
| CN107935345A (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2018-04-20 | 杨建� | A kind of domestic sludge Anaerobic Digestion cultivates the method and system of organic nutrient soil |
| CN109569267A (en) * | 2018-12-20 | 2019-04-05 | 自贡佳鑫农业科技有限公司 | A kind of aerobic fermentation waste bio-treatment method |
-
2020
- 2020-03-20 CN CN202010199573.7A patent/CN113493353A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1858025A (en) * | 2005-04-30 | 2006-11-08 | 厦门闽星环境工程服务有限公司 | Processing technology for converting mud into fertilizer |
| CN102029107A (en) * | 2010-10-26 | 2011-04-27 | 陕西科技大学 | Method for processing leather-making malodorous gas by biological filter |
| CN102249508A (en) * | 2011-06-02 | 2011-11-23 | 广州科城环保科技有限公司 | Method for comprehensively utilizing sludge in recycling mode |
| CN103467149A (en) * | 2013-09-17 | 2013-12-25 | 厦门绿标生物科技有限公司 | Method for processing sludge by using complex microbial agent |
| CN103508768A (en) * | 2013-10-22 | 2014-01-15 | 谢明英 | Preparation technology for bio-organic fertilizer by using sludge as raw material |
| CN103880172A (en) * | 2014-03-23 | 2014-06-25 | 北京工业大学 | High-efficiency method for culturing nitrosified bio-membrane |
| CN105198579A (en) * | 2015-09-22 | 2015-12-30 | 中国农业科学院草原研究所 | Method for utilizing sludge for producing nutrient soil and product |
| CN105732206A (en) * | 2016-03-08 | 2016-07-06 | 廖海涛 | Method for preparing biological organic fertilizer by utilizing organic wastes |
| CN105967771A (en) * | 2016-04-29 | 2016-09-28 | 金中钟 | Sludge decomposition pretreatment method |
| CN106867545A (en) * | 2017-02-23 | 2017-06-20 | 北京绿安创华环保科技股份有限公司 | A kind of saline-alkali soil restoration agent, preparation method and applications from sludge |
| CN107935345A (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2018-04-20 | 杨建� | A kind of domestic sludge Anaerobic Digestion cultivates the method and system of organic nutrient soil |
| CN109569267A (en) * | 2018-12-20 | 2019-04-05 | 自贡佳鑫农业科技有限公司 | A kind of aerobic fermentation waste bio-treatment method |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN108002871B (en) | Method for preparing greening fertilizer from kitchen waste | |
| CN110330200B (en) | Method for promoting anaerobic digestion process and improving methanogenesis efficiency by CNTs-Ni-Fe3O4 | |
| CN101973795B (en) | Sludge aerobic composting method by utilizing composting compound microbial inoculum | |
| CN103740764B (en) | A kind of biogas fermentation functional biological catalyst and the method that utilizes catalyzer to ferment | |
| CN105802870A (en) | Method for treatment of organic waste with microbial composite inoculant | |
| CN106587559A (en) | Sludge anaerobic digestion method | |
| CN111793656A (en) | Treatment method of agricultural organic waste | |
| CN107022576B (en) | Functional composite accelerant for biogas fermentation and preparation method thereof | |
| CN102373238B (en) | Bacillus alcalophilus and application thereof to fermentative hydrogen production | |
| CN113402317A (en) | Method for reducing carbon emission through cooperation of hydrothermal carbonization and organic solid waste high-temperature fermentation | |
| CN110643591A (en) | Accelerator for producing methane through sludge fermentation, preparation method and application | |
| CN103937713B (en) | Microbiological deterioration liquid bacterial agent of food source organic waste and preparation method thereof | |
| CN115231790A (en) | Soil improvement process for sludge pyrolysis carbonization coupling sludge treatment | |
| Sivagurunathan et al. | Biohydrogen production from wastewaters | |
| CN112759427A (en) | Treatment method for combining film-covering aerobic fermentation of rural kitchen waste with earthworm composting | |
| CN104862259A (en) | Complex microbial agent for high-organic-load and medium-temperature biogas fermentation as well as preparation method and application thereof | |
| CN102061254A (en) | Method for promoting solid organic waste to produce methane by utilizing composite material | |
| CN110396483B (en) | High-temperature straw degradation bacterium B-8, and microbial inoculum and application thereof | |
| CN108358311B (en) | Method for enhancing wastewater anaerobic biological phosphorus removal by biochar coupling micro-current | |
| CN113493353A (en) | Sludge fermentation method | |
| CN114940635A (en) | Method for reducing emission of greenhouse gas by organic solid waste semipermeable membrane fermentation and preparing microbial fertilizer | |
| CN107555747B (en) | Environment-friendly treatment method for municipal sewage sludge by using microbial preparation | |
| CN103058478A (en) | Method for improving anaerobic digestion performance of sludge and synchronously enlarging cultivation by functional bacteria | |
| CN107601802B (en) | Microbial treatment agent for anaerobic fermentation of sludge | |
| CN108753841B (en) | Low-temperature anaerobic fermentation microbial inoculum and application thereof |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |
Application publication date: 20211012 |
|
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |