CN113491264A

CN113491264A - Insect expelling method and insect expelling device for small mammals

Info

Publication number: CN113491264A
Application number: CN202010199873.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 郑爱华; 赵超越; 张知彬
Original assignee: Institute of Zoology of CAS
Current assignee: Institute of Zoology of CAS
Priority date: 2020-03-20
Filing date: 2020-03-20
Publication date: 2021-10-12

Abstract

The invention provides a method and device for repelling insects from small mammals, the device comprising: the small-sized mammal feeding device comprises a shell, a feeding device and a discharging device, wherein the shell is provided with at least one opening for the small-sized mammal to enter and exit, and a containing cavity is formed inside the shell; the nest material is characterized in that the surface of the nest material is adhered with an insecticide. The pesticide is attached to the nest material of small mammals such as rodentia, lagomorpha and the like in a soaking mode, and after the nest material is dragged into the cave by the animals, the contact between the nest material and the animals can effectively kill or expel the medium organisms on the body surfaces of the animals, so that the aims of reducing the density of the medium organisms and blocking the transmission of the medium-borne pathogens are fulfilled. This product can realize the epidemic disease prevention and control of large tracts of land through unmanned aerial vehicle air-drop.

Description

Insect expelling method and insect expelling device for small mammals

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of biotechnology devices, in particular to an insect expelling method and an insect expelling device for small mammals.

Background

Plague is a natural epidemic infectious disease caused by plague bacillus, which is extremely dangerous in disease condition and can be divided into glandular type, lung type and septicemia type according to the different disease parts. Animals of the order rodentia and lagomorpha are the main hosts, and fleas are the main vectors, playing an important role in the infectious pathways of plague.

With the continuous extension of rapid transit networks, the continuous development of the nationwide participation of ecological tourism and urbanization, the boundary of natural epidemic areas and core cities is more and more fuzzy. Although the plague is monitored in China for a long time, along with gradual recovery of ecological environment, aggravation of global climate change, change of production modes of agriculture and animal husbandry and development of urbanization, the space-time distribution of plague hosts and media also changes greatly. Although the diagnosis and treatment means of plague are mature, the fear caused by plague can seriously affect normal social order and indirectly cause attack on economy.

Small mammals such as rodentia and lagomorpha are the etiological reservoir of entomopathogenic agents such as plague and Lyme disease; meanwhile, small mammals are also hosts for vector organisms such as fleas and acarids, which are bred by blood-sucking and obtain pathogens from virus-carrying animals by blood-sucking. When the vector organism bites the human, the pathogen is transmitted to the human, and the transmission of the pathogen from the wild animal to the human is completed. Control of vector-transmitted diseases relies primarily on the destruction of wild animals and the destruction of vector organisms. Most wild animals are protected, only wild rats can be killed in a large scale, and the serious ecological problem is caused by using a large amount of raticide. The killing medium organisms mainly depend on spraying insecticide, but the killing medium organisms have better effect on free medium organisms on the ground surface, and have poor effect on parasitic medium organisms on the surface of a host. Plague is one of the most serious vector-transmitted pathogens we face.

The main measures adopted at present are the throwing of rodenticide and the spraying of insecticide. The acute rodenticide has rapid poisoning effect and short incubation period, can cause poisoning death after only 1-2 days or even a few hours, and acts on cholinesterase of the central nervous system or tricarboxylic acid cycle of the respiratory system and the like when the rodenticide is added. The common species are Pomacephos, Pomacea, and Pomacea, but they are not safe to human and livestock and are liable to cause environmental pollution. The chronic rodenticide has the main effects of anticoagulation, destroying the normal blood coagulation function, damaging capillary vessels and causing the bleeding in and out of a mouse body. The toxicity is slow, the incubation period is long, the mouse poisoning is caused after 2 to 3 days generally, the danger to people and livestock is small, but the poisoning is accumulated by taking food for many times. The mice have strong repellency to the administered rodenticide and low edible rate, but are easy to cause secondary poisoning, and the dead mice need to be burnt or buried deeply. Moreover, rodents are an important component of the ecosystem, and deratization may result in the depletion of prey birds and small carnivorous animals, disrupting ecological balance. The insecticide is sprayed, and common medicines comprise permethrin, tick killing and the like, but the methods have good effect of killing medium organisms such as free ticks and fleas on the ground surface, but have poor effect of controlling the medium organisms on the body surface of a host.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a method and a device for expelling insects of small mammals, aiming at the defects and inconvenience of the insect expelling and killing technology of the small mammals in the prior art.

The present invention provides an insect repelling device for small mammals, comprising:

the small-sized mammal feeding device comprises a shell, a feeding device and a discharging device, wherein the shell is provided with at least one opening for the small-sized mammal to enter and exit, and a containing cavity is formed inside the shell;

the nest material is arranged in the accommodating cavity in the shell, the surface of the nest material is attached with the insecticide, and the nest material with the insecticide attached to the surface is prepared by soaking the nest material in an insecticide aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 7% and then drying the nest material;

food bait is arranged inside the shell.

Wherein the inner surface of the housing is coated with a food bait. The bait can attract small mammals and further discover nest materials in the device.

Wherein the food bait is food like small mammals such as peanut or peanut oil.

Wherein the nest material is synthetic fiber, cotton or pasture and the like.

Wherein the pesticide is a chemical pesticide, a plant pesticide or a biotin pesticide.

Wherein the chemical insecticide is pyrethroid insecticide or other chemical insecticides such as chlorpyrifos.

Wherein the pyrethroid insecticide is permethrin, cyhalothrin or deltamethrin.

Wherein, the shell is a spherical shell. The spherical shell is convenient to roll, is convenient to be installed in the unmanned aerial vehicle dispenser, realizes automatic dispensing of the unmanned aerial vehicle, and improves the efficiency of large-scale prevention and control.

The spherical shell comprises two detachably connected half shells made of degradable plastics or paperboards and the like, and each half shell is provided with at least one opening. The split spherical shell body is assembled by two half shells, the half shells are easy to process and convenient to popularize, and nest materials can be placed in the shell body conveniently.

The diameter of the spherical shell is 10cm, the opening is a circular opening, and the diameter of the opening is 3-5 cm. This dimension is set to satisfy the characteristics of biting and biting in small mammals such as Rodentia and Lagomorpha, and to accommodate the entry and exit of the small mammals.

Wherein, the casing is cylindrical casing, the opening is located cylindrical casing's lateral wall. The columniform casing is convenient for integrated into one piece's processing more, also can satisfy the demand that artifical fixed position was placed to a certain extent simultaneously.

The height of the cylindrical shell is 8cm, the diameter of the cylindrical shell is 10cm, the opening is a circular opening, and the diameter of the opening is 3-5 cm. This dimension is set to satisfy the characteristics of biting and biting in small mammals such as Rodentia and Lagomorpha, and to accommodate the entry and exit of the small mammals.

The invention also provides a method for repelling insects from small mammals, which is realized by using the insect repelling device for small mammals.

The insect repelling method for the small mammals specifically comprises the following steps:

1) determining the condition of the use area;

2) designing relevant parameters of the insect repelling device of the small mammal according to the condition of the area used in the step 1);

3) preparing an insect repelling device for the small mammals according to the parameters designed in the step 2);

4) putting the insect repelling device for the small mammals prepared in the step 3) into a use area;

5) the small mammals enter the device under the attraction of the food bait and contact with the insect repellent on the nest material, so that the small mammals can repel the insects.

Wherein, the conditions of the area used in the step 1) comprise the type, the terrain and the putting mode of the small mammals in the area.

Wherein, the parameters related to the insect expelling device for the small and medium-sized mammals in the step 2) comprise shape, size, pesticide type and food bait type.

The launching mode in the step 4) is fixed-point placement or automatic launching in the air by an unmanned aerial vehicle.

In the step 5), the food bait in the insect expelling device for the small mammals attracts the small mammals to find the nest materials in the device and contacts with the nest materials, the insecticides on the nest materials are transferred to the small mammals through contact, meanwhile, due to the characteristic that the small mammals like to carry the nest materials into the nest, the insecticides on the nest materials can also have certain killing and expelling effects on parasites in the nest, and then expelling or killing of parasites such as fleas, ticks and the like on the small mammals is better realized, and the insect expelling effect of the small mammals is achieved.

The insect repelling device of the present invention is mainly aimed at controlling the disease-transmitting agent. Ectoparasites of small mammals such as acarids and fleas are important vectors for the transmission of human pathogens, such as plague, lyme disease, tick-borne forest encephalitis, and fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome. According to the invention, the insecticide is attached to the nest material of small mammals such as rodentia, lagomorpha and the like in a soaking way, and after the nest material is dragged into the cave by the animals, the carrier organisms on the body surface of the nest material can be effectively killed or repelled through the contact between the nest material and the animals, so that the aims of reducing the density of the carrier organisms and blocking the transmission of carrier-transmitted pathogens are achieved. This product can realize the epidemic disease prevention and control of large tracts of land through unmanned aerial vehicle air-drop.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of an insect-repelling device for small mammals according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of an insect-repelling device for small mammals according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the effect of the insect-repelling device of the present invention in an experiment for killing mouse body surface parasitic ticks.

Description of reference numerals:

1. the device comprises a shell, 11 parts, an upper shell, 12 parts, a lower shell, 2 openings and 3 nest materials.

Detailed Description

An embodiment of the present invention will be specifically explained below with reference to the drawings.

Example 1

As shown in fig. 1 or 2, the present invention provides an insect-repelling device for small mammals, comprising: the small-sized mammal feeding device comprises a shell, a feeding device and a discharging device, wherein the shell is provided with at least one opening for the small-sized mammal to enter and exit, and a containing cavity is formed inside the shell; the nest material is characterized in that the surface of the nest material is adhered with an insecticide.

Example 2

As shown in fig. 2, the present invention provides an insect-repelling device for small mammals, comprising: the small-sized mammal feeding device comprises a shell, a feeding device and a discharging device, wherein the shell is provided with at least one opening for the small-sized mammal to enter and exit, and a containing cavity is formed inside the shell; the nest material is characterized in that the surface of the nest material is adhered with an insecticide.

Wherein the inner surface of the housing is coated with a food bait. The bait can attract small mammals and further discover nest materials in the device. The food bait is peanut oil. The nest material is synthetic fiber. The pesticide is permethrin.

Wherein, the casing is cylindrical casing, the opening is located cylindrical casing's lateral wall. The cylindrical shell is more convenient for the processing of integrated into one piece, and can also satisfy the needs that scatter to distribute to a certain extent simultaneously. The height of the cylindrical shell is 8cm, the diameter of the cylindrical shell is 10cm, the opening is a circular opening, and the diameter of the opening is 3-5 cm. This dimension is set to satisfy the characteristics of biting and biting in small mammals such as Rodentia and Lagomorpha, and to accommodate the entry and exit of the small mammals.

Example 3

As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides an insect-repelling device for small mammals, comprising: the small-sized mammal feeding device comprises a shell 1, wherein at least one opening 2 for small-sized mammals to enter and exit is formed in the shell 1, and an accommodating cavity is formed inside the shell 1; the nest material 3, the surface of nest material 3 adheres to the insecticide.

Wherein the inner surface of the housing 1 is coated with a food bait. The bait can attract small mammals and further discover nest materials 3 in the device. The food bait is peanut oil.

Wherein the nest material is cotton. The pesticide is permethrin. The nest material with the insecticide attached is obtained by soaking cotton in a 7% permethrin solution and then drying.

The shell 1 is a spherical shell. The spherical shell is convenient to roll, is convenient to be arranged in the unmanned aerial vehicle dispenser, realizes automatic dispensing of the unmanned aerial vehicle, improves the scale prevention and control efficiency, for example, the spherical shell is arranged in the box, and the lower side surface of the box is provided with a dispensing opening, so that automatic dispensing can be realized.

The spherical shell comprises two half shells which are detachably connected: an upper housing 11 and a lower housing 12, each provided with at least one opening. The split spherical shell body is assembled by two half shells, the half shells are easy to process and convenient to popularize, and nest materials can be placed in the shell body conveniently. The diameter of the spherical shell is 10cm, the opening is a circular opening, and the diameter of the opening is 3-5 cm. This dimension is set to satisfy the characteristics of biting and biting in small mammals such as Rodentia and Lagomorpha, and to accommodate the entry and exit of the small mammals.

Wherein, the casing is cylindrical casing, the opening is located cylindrical casing's lateral wall. The cylindrical shell is more convenient for the processing of integrated into one piece, and can also satisfy the needs that scatter to distribute to a certain extent simultaneously.

This device makes things convenient for the residential block to use, can place around the courtyard for the expelling parasite of animals such as mice, can be used for the prevention and cure of plague epidemic area residential block very much, also can be used to the prevention and cure of residential block tick worm.

The invention also relates to a method for repelling insects from a small mammal by using the small mammal insect repelling device of any one of embodiments 1 to 3, which specifically comprises:

1) determining the condition of the use area;

The conditions of the use area in step 1) include the type, the terrain and the throwing mode of the small mammals in the use area, for example, the use area is a plain area, and large-area mice are used for insect expelling and killing in the plain area, so that the small mammals are mice, the terrain is plain, and the throwing mode is preferably automatic throwing by an unmanned aerial vehicle.

Wherein, the parameters related to the insect-repellent device of the small and medium-sized mammals in the step 2) include shape, size, insecticide type and food attractant type, and those skilled in the art know how to design the insect-repellent device according to the parameters and the teaching of the present invention. According to the requirement in the step 1), the insect expelling device is arranged to be spherical to facilitate rolling, the insecticide type can be permethrin which is harmless to the mouse but has good insect expelling effect, meanwhile, according to the size of the body of the mouse, the diameter of the spherical shell can be set to be 10cm, the opening is set to be a circular opening, and the diameter of the opening is set to be 3-5 cm.

The launching mode in the step 4) is fixed-point placement or automatic launching in the air by an unmanned aerial vehicle. When being used for the regional large tracts of land of plain to put in, can select aerial automatic putting of unmanned aerial vehicle, it is more convenient easy to operate.

In the step 5), after the feeding is completed, the food bait in the pest expelling device of the small mammals attracts the small mammals to find the nest materials in the device and contacts with the nest materials, the pesticides on the nest materials are transferred to the small mammals through contact, meanwhile, due to the characteristic that the small mammals like to convey the nest materials into the nest, the pesticides on the nest materials can also have certain killing and killing effects on parasites in the nest, so that the parasites such as fleas, ticks and the like on the small mammals can be better expelled or killed, and the pest expelling effect of the small mammals is achieved.

Example 4

An apparatus as a comparative example was used in which the cotton wool with insecticide in the insect-repellent apparatus of example 3 was changed to ordinary cotton, and the rest was the same as in example 3.

Animal experiments

5 BALB/C mice were placed in two 50cm x 50cm cages, each mouse being equipped with 80 young ticks of Haematococcus longipes, one cage of the experimental group being equipped with the device shown in example 3 and one cage of the control group being equipped with the device shown in example 4. The mice were quickly pulled out of the litter and sacrificed two days later, and the number of ticks on the mice was counted, as shown in fig. 3, the average number of ticks in the control group was 52, while the average number of ticks in the experimental group was 5.

The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, but the present invention is only exemplary, and the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments. Any equivalent modifications and substitutions for the present invention are within the application scope of the present invention for those skilled in the art. Accordingly, equivalent changes and modifications made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered by the present invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims

1. An insect repellent device for small mammals, comprising:

the nest material is arranged in the accommodating cavity in the shell, the surface of the nest material is attached with the insecticide, and the nest material with the insecticide attached to the surface is prepared by soaking the nest material in an insecticide solution with the mass fraction of 7% and then drying the nest material;

the inside of casing is equipped with food bait.

2. The small mammal insect repellant apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said food bait is peanut or peanut oil.

3. An insect repellent device according to claim 1, wherein said nest material is a synthetic or natural fiber, and said natural fiber is cotton, hemp or grass fiber.

4. An insect repellent device for small mammals according to any one of claims 1 to 3 wherein said housing is a spherical housing; the spherical shell comprises two half shells which are detachably connected, and at least one opening is formed in each half shell.

5. An insect repellent device for small mammals according to any one of claims 1 to 3 wherein said housing is a cylindrical housing and said opening is located in a side wall of the cylindrical housing.

6. A method for repelling insects from a small mammal, comprising repelling the small mammal by using the insect-repelling device for a small mammal according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

7. An insect-repellent method for small mammals according to claim 6, comprising:

1) determining the condition of the use area;

8. A method of repelling insects from small mammals according to claim 7, wherein the conditions of the area of use in step 1) include the type, terrain, and delivery mode of the small mammals in the area of use.

9. The method for repelling insects from small mammals of claim 7, wherein the parameters related to the insect repelling apparatus for small mammals of step 2) include shape, size, insecticide type, and food attractant type.

10. A method of repelling insects from small mammals as claimed in claim 7 wherein said step 4) is carried out by either fixed-point placement or automatic aerial delivery by unmanned aerial vehicle.