CN113489352A - Single-phase PWM rectifier power decoupling method with fault ride-through function - Google Patents
Single-phase PWM rectifier power decoupling method with fault ride-through function Download PDFInfo
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- CN113489352A CN113489352A CN202110754027.XA CN202110754027A CN113489352A CN 113489352 A CN113489352 A CN 113489352A CN 202110754027 A CN202110754027 A CN 202110754027A CN 113489352 A CN113489352 A CN 113489352A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/21—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/217—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M7/219—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in a bridge configuration
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J9/00—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
- H02J9/04—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source
- H02J9/06—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
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Abstract
The invention relates to a single-phase PWM rectifier power decoupling method with a fault ride-through function, and belongs to the technical field of single-phase PWM rectification. By designing the energy feedback loop of the miniature PWM rectification system with the fault ride-through function in the short-time power failure, the secondary pulse energy on the direct current side absorbed in the power decoupling process is utilized, so that under the condition that the short-time power failure is measured by the alternating current of the whole system, the voltage on the whole direct current side can be prevented from falling, the energy stored in the decoupling capacitor is reasonably utilized, and an idea for protecting equipment is provided for certain equipment which needs to operate without power failure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of single-phase PWM rectification, and particularly relates to a single-phase PWM rectifier with a power decoupling function and a fault ride-through method.
Background
In a single-phase PWM rectification system, the ac instantaneous power contains a dc side component and a power oscillation at twice the fundamental frequency, which can cause significant current or voltage fluctuations on the dc side. Most of the conventional power electronic devices use a conventional electrolytic capacitor with large volume, low efficiency and short life cycle to suppress the interference of high frequency on the dc bus to absorb the secondary power pulsation on the dc side. However, the conventional electrolytic capacitor has short life and large volume and low reliability, so that how to reduce the volume of the converter becomes a main problem for research on the use of the electrolytic capacitor instead and the achievement of higher power density and higher power efficiency. To solve the above problems, Active Power Decoupling (APD) technology has been commonly used in recent years to replace bulky capacitor banks with inductors or thin film capacitors having lower capacitance values.
APD technology is usually implemented using an auxiliary circuit consisting of a power switch and an energy storage device (such as a capacitor or an inductor) to better meet the requirements of a single-phase converter. As rectifiers are increasingly used in various power electronic devices, power decoupling becomes a non-negligible part, and APD technology can maintain the stability of output voltage while ensuring the inherent high efficiency of rectifiers. With the more and more mature APD technology, researchers at home and abroad have developed different types of decoupling function auxiliary circuits with different functions.
The reliability problem brought by the traditional electrolytic capacitor can be better solved by using an APD technology, but the accompanying problem is that the capacitance of a direct current side becomes small due to the use of a thin film capacitor, if the voltage of the direct current side is reduced if short-time power failure happens to an alternating current input side, namely short-time fault happens, the voltage of the direct current side is reduced, and if the voltage of some types of direct current side loads is reduced, the direct current side loads stop working, so that data loss is caused, and serious loss is caused; or when an Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) switches power supply due to power supply failure, intermittent power failure may occur in the middle of the UPS, which may also cause the voltage of the power-consuming equipment to be unstable. In order to solve the problem, it is necessary to research a power decoupling fault ride-through method so as to ensure that the whole system can operate uninterruptedly and can transition to a normal operation state smoothly within a certain voltage or frequency range and a certain duration interval when the voltage or frequency exceeds a normal range allowed by a standard under the condition that the alternating current input side has a fault. By realizing the dispatching control of the energy, the support of the direct current side voltage during the fault is realized, the restart of the electric equipment caused by the short circuit or the power failure of the alternating current can be prevented, and the unnecessary loss is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
In the operation process of the whole PWM rectification system, if the input end is disconnected at a certain time point, the output power is reduced, and the load size of the output side cannot be changed, then the voltage of the output side can be reduced in the power failure.
Taking a power decoupling single-phase PWM rectifier as an example, the objective of fault ride-through is to design a proper and correct energy flow loop when a system is in short-time power failure so as to ensure that the voltage of a direct-current side cannot be reduced to a certain amplitude under the short-time power failure condition of an alternating-current side, namely when the alternating-current side is in power failure, if the power failure time is assumed to be 1ms, how to design that the direct-current side can continue to operate until the power failure time is over without being separated from the alternating-current side within the 1ms is provided, the main objective is to design the energy flow of the whole system within the 1ms, and the power transmission mode is used for ensuring the stable operation of the direct-current side.
In order to solve the problem, the invention provides a power decoupling fault ride-through method, so that under the condition that the alternating current input side has a fault (when the voltage or the frequency exceeds a normal range allowed by a standard), the whole system can be ensured to continuously operate within a certain voltage or frequency range and a certain duration interval, and the whole system can be stably transited to a normal operation state. By realizing the dispatching control of the energy, the support of the direct current side voltage during the fault is realized, the restart of the electric equipment caused by the short circuit or the power failure of the alternating current can be prevented, and the unnecessary loss is reduced.
Technical scheme
A single-phase PWM rectifier power decoupling method with a fault ride-through function is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: harmonic waves output by the direct current side of the single-phase PWM rectifier are second harmonic waves, and the fundamental waves of the output voltage are filtered by using a high-pass filter to obtain target second pulsating voltage needing decoupling;
step 2: suppressing the secondary pulse voltage, and setting the secondary pulse reference voltage to be 0, so that the secondary pulse can be completely suppressed finally;
and step 3: the PR controller is used for restraining the secondary pulsation and the quartic pulsation in the harmonic wave to obtain the reference current of the decoupling current;
and 4, step 4: adjusting the reference value of the decoupling current to be a 100Hz sine curve to compensate the ripple power, and adding a proportional controller to enable the decoupling current to track the reference value;
and 5: setting fixed direct current offset voltage for a decoupling capacitor to ensure that the direct current output of a single-phase rectifier is smaller than the voltage on the decoupling capacitor under any required load condition, sampling through a zero-order retainer to obtain an SPWM (sinusoidal pulse width modulation) wave, modulating the SPWM wave and a PWM (pulse width modulation) carrier wave to obtain a signal for controlling a decoupling topology switch tube, and achieving the purpose of power decoupling;
step 6: by detecting the voltage of the direct current output end of the rectifier, when the voltage is lower than a set minimum voltage standard, the fault is determined to occur; at the moment, energy needs to be fed back from the decoupling capacitor to the load side of the rectifier to maintain the voltage of the direct current side not lower than the minimum voltage standard; at the moment when the short-time fault is detected, the obtained signal lower than the minimum voltage standard is kept, and the voltage of the energy storage capacitor end is pulled down, so that the stored energy is fed back to the direct current side.
The second harmonic in step 1 is 100 Hz.
The fourth pulsation in step 3 was 200 Hz.
In step 5, because the decoupling loop topology is a Boost topology, in order to keep the normal operation of the whole system in the decoupling process, the voltage of the direct current side is always higher than the voltage of the input end of the alternating current side on the side of the single-phase rectifier, the direct current output of the single-phase rectifier is always kept lower than the voltage of the decoupling capacitor in the Boost decoupling loop, and the fixed direct current offset voltage is determined to be set for the decoupling capacitor in consideration of the complexity and cost of system control.
The lowest voltage standard in the step 6 is set according to an application circuit of a fault decoupling technology, and the standard can be set by observing voltage change during load switching; when the voltage of the direct current output end is lower than the standard, the fault state is judged, and the fault ride-through function is enabled; edge flip-flops are employed to hold the detected fault signal so that it is maintained, with SR flip-flops being selected for use as edge flip-flops.
Advantageous effects
According to the single-phase PWM rectifier power decoupling method with the fault ride-through function, an energy feedback loop of a micro PWM rectifier system with the fault ride-through function during short-time power failure is designed, and secondary pulse energy on the direct current side absorbed during power decoupling is utilized, so that under the condition that the alternating current of the whole system is measured for short-time power failure, the voltage on the whole direct current side can be prevented from falling, the energy stored in a decoupling capacitor is reasonably utilized, and an idea of protecting equipment is provided for certain equipment needing to operate without power failure all the time.
1. By using a power decoupling mode, the thin film capacitor with smaller volume and longer service life can replace an electrolytic capacitor used in the original circuit, the volume of the circuit is reduced, the expected service life of a system is prolonged, and the maintenance cost of the circuit is reduced.
2. According to the invention, through a fault ride-through technology, sufficient energy is provided for the load at the rectifying side in the power-off time in other modes to maintain the stable operation of the load at the rectifying side in the power-off time, so that the reliable operation of a circuit is guaranteed when the load at the output side is changed.
3. The invention provides an idea for providing enough energy supply for a circuit under the condition that a main power supply is switched to a standby power supply in the UPS system through a fault ride-through technology, and ensures that enough energy is available at the switching moment to maintain the normal operation of the system.
Drawings
The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating particular embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention, wherein like reference numerals are used to designate like parts throughout.
Fig. 1 is a PWM rectifier with power decoupling.
Fig. 2 is a graph of voltage waveforms at different power down times when the load changes from 1600 Ω to 100 Ω.
Fig. 3 is a graph of voltage waveforms at different power down times when the load is transitioning from 1600 Ω to 50 Ω.
Fig. 4 is a graph of voltage waveforms at different power down times when the load changes from 1600 Ω to 10 Ω.
Fig. 5 is a diagram of a fault ride-through control method.
Fig. 6 is a graph of the effect of fault ride-through.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
The invention provides a control loop designed under the condition of short-time power failure of alternating current measurement under a micro rectification system with a power decoupling function, energy is provided for a direct current side by controlling an energy storage capacitor at a decoupling end so as to maintain the voltage of the direct current side not to continuously fall, and fault ride-through is completed when the alternating current side is in short-time power failure.
The fault ride-through method of the single-phase PWM rectifier comprises the following steps:
step 1, the harmonic wave output at the direct current side of the single-phase PWM rectifier is a second harmonic wave, the fundamental wave of the output voltage is filtered by using a high-pass filter, and the second ripple voltage obtained after filtering is the target to be decoupled.
And 2, setting the reference ripple voltage to be 0 in order to suppress the secondary ripple voltage, so that the secondary ripple can be completely suppressed finally.
And 3, restraining the secondary pulsation and a few of the fourth pulsation through the PR controller, thereby obtaining the reference current of the decoupling current.
And step 4, adjusting the reference value of the decoupling current to be a 100Hz sine curve to compensate the ripple power, and then enabling the decoupling current to track the reference value by adding a proportional controller.
And 5, setting a fixed direct current offset voltage for the decoupling capacitor to ensure that the direct current output of the single-phase rectifier is smaller than the voltage on the decoupling capacitor under any required load condition, and obtaining a signal for controlling the decoupling topology switch tube through an SPWM (sinusoidal pulse width modulation) wave obtained by sampling the signal through a zero-order retainer so as to achieve the purpose of power decoupling. As can be seen from fig. 1, the decoupling loop topology used is a Boost topology, in order to keep the normal operation of the whole system during decoupling, it is necessary to always ensure that the voltage at the dc side is higher than the voltage at the input end of the ac side at the single-phase rectifier side, and to always keep the dc output of the single-phase rectifier smaller than the voltage on the decoupling capacitor in the Boost decoupling loop, and in consideration of the complexity and cost of system control, it is decided to set a fixed dc offset voltage for the decoupling capacitor.
And 6, in order to know a specific fault condition, designing a simulation condition when the input end of the single-phase PWM rectifier has a power-off fault so as to judge the fault when the voltage of the direct current side drops to which value, building a single-phase PWM rectifier model with a power decoupling function in a simulation environment, and obtaining the influences of different load variation conditions and power-off time on the voltage through simulation.
And 8, judging the system state by detecting the direct current voltage, and judging the system state to be in a fault state when the voltage on the direct current side is lower than the minimum voltage standard, wherein a fault ride-through function needs to be started to maintain the fixed voltage on the direct current side. When a fault is detected, the obtained voltage signal lower than 350V needs to be immediately maintained to control the bias voltage of the dc side, so as to pull down the voltage of the end of the energy storage capacitor, and thus, the stored energy can be fed back to the dc side. In this control, an edge flip-flop is used to hold the detected fault signal so that it is maintained, and the present edge flip-flop adopts a truth table such as the SR flip-flop of table 1, and the control chart is shown in fig. 5. The fault signal can be kept through the edge trigger, a step control signal is generated, and therefore the bias voltage on the direct current side is controlled to be converted from a power decoupling value to a value set during fault ride-through, the voltage at two ends of the decoupling capacitor can be changed to enable the voltage at two ends of the decoupling capacitor to release energy so as to support the voltage on the direct current side to be more than 350V, and short-time fault ride-through is completed. The effect graph of fault ride-through is shown in fig. 6, and it can be seen that after fault ride-through is enabled, the dc side voltage can be kept above the set minimum voltage when a fault occurs, and the target function is successfully achieved.
TABLE 1 SR Flip-flop truth table
| S | R | Q | /Q |
| 0 | 0 | No change | No change |
| 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 1 | 1 | Restricted(0) | Restricted(0) |
While the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, the invention is not limited thereto, and various equivalent modifications or substitutions can be easily made by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (5)
1. A single-phase PWM rectifier power decoupling method with a fault ride-through function is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: harmonic waves output by the direct current side of the single-phase PWM rectifier are second harmonic waves, and the fundamental waves of the output voltage are filtered by using a high-pass filter to obtain target second pulsating voltage needing decoupling;
step 2: suppressing the secondary pulse voltage, and setting the secondary pulse reference voltage to be 0, so that the secondary pulse can be completely suppressed finally;
and step 3: the PR controller is used for restraining the secondary pulsation and the quartic pulsation in the harmonic wave to obtain the reference current of the decoupling current;
and 4, step 4: adjusting the reference value of the decoupling current to be a 100Hz sine curve to compensate the ripple power, and adding a proportional controller to enable the decoupling current to track the reference value;
and 5: setting fixed direct current offset voltage for a decoupling capacitor to ensure that the direct current output of a single-phase rectifier is smaller than the voltage on the decoupling capacitor under any required load condition, sampling through a zero-order retainer to obtain an SPWM (sinusoidal pulse width modulation) wave, modulating the SPWM wave and a PWM (pulse width modulation) carrier wave to obtain a signal for controlling a decoupling topology switch tube, and achieving the purpose of power decoupling;
step 6: by detecting the voltage of the direct current output end of the rectifier, when the voltage is lower than a set minimum voltage standard, the fault is determined to occur; at the moment, energy needs to be fed back from the decoupling capacitor to the load side of the rectifier to maintain the voltage of the direct current side not lower than the minimum voltage standard; at the moment when the short-time fault is detected, the obtained signal lower than the minimum voltage standard is kept, and the voltage of the energy storage capacitor end is pulled down, so that the stored energy is fed back to the direct current side.
2. The method for power decoupling of a single-phase PWM rectifier with fault-ride-through capability of claim 1, wherein the second harmonic in step 1 is 100 Hz.
3. The method for power decoupling of a single-phase PWM rectifier with fault-ride-through capability of claim 1, wherein the four pulses in step 3 are 200 Hz.
4. The method for decoupling the power of the single-phase PWM rectifier with the fault ride-through function according to claim 1, wherein in the step 5, because the topology of the decoupling loop is a Boost topology, in order to keep the whole system to operate normally in the decoupling process, it is necessary to always ensure that the voltage of the DC side is higher than that of the input end of the AC side on the side of the single-phase rectifier, and always keep the DC output of the single-phase rectifier smaller than that of the decoupling capacitor in the Boost decoupling loop, and a fixed DC offset voltage is set for the decoupling capacitor in consideration of the complexity and cost of system control.
5. The power decoupling method for the single-phase PWM rectifier with fault ride-through function according to claim 1, wherein the lowest voltage standard in step 6 is set according to the application circuit of the fault decoupling technology, and the standard can be set by observing the voltage change when the load is switched; when the voltage of the direct current output end is lower than the standard, the fault state is judged, and the fault ride-through function is enabled; edge flip-flops are employed to hold the detected fault signal so that it is maintained, with SR flip-flops being selected for use as edge flip-flops.
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